Construction and Building Materials最新文献_第8页

Effects of pozzolanic reactivity and mixture compactness on the mechanical performance of low-carbon concretes incorporating high levels of glass powder, rock wool powder, or rice husk ash 火山灰反应性和混合物密实度对含高水平玻璃粉、岩棉粉或稻壳灰的低碳混凝土机械性能的影响

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145365

Eliana Soldado , Hugo Costa , Ricardo do Carmo , Eduardo Júlio

Reducing Portland cement consumption through the incorporation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is central to developing low-carbon concrete (LCC) for a more sustainable construction industry. This study evaluates LCC mixtures incorporating alternative SCMs – glass powder, rock wool residue powder, or high-carbon rice husk ash – combined with a complementary content of limestone filler. To compare and isolate the influence of mixture compactness from SCM pozzolanic reactivity, analogous mixtures containing fly ash, limestone filler, or Portland cement at equivalent substitution levels were also produced, together with a conventional concrete designed according to standard parameters. Unlike most existing studies constrained by binder specifications and current standard limitations on substitution levels, this work investigates high cement replacement ratios of 17 %, 35 %, and 50 % within a fixed total powder content of 350 kg/m³ . This experimental framework enables the decoupling of SCM reactivity from mixture compactness, providing a clearer understanding of their individual effects on mechanical performance. Comprehensive testing in both fresh (slump, air content, density, and setting times) and hardened states (pozzolanic activity index, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, and Young’s modulus) shows that substantial reductions in cement content can be achieved without compromising concrete behaviour. The mixtures with 35 % cement replacement consistently achieved the best results. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of performance-based mix design for LCC with high contents of alternative SCMs and offer practical guidance for optimising mixture design and promoting the sustainable use of these materials in structural concrete beyond current standard limits.

通过加入替代补充胶凝材料（scm）来减少波特兰水泥的消耗，是开发低碳混凝土（LCC）以实现更可持续建筑行业的核心。本研究评估了LCC混合物中可选择的SCMs——玻璃粉、岩棉渣粉或高碳稻壳灰——与石灰石填料的补充含量相结合。为了比较和分离SCM火山灰反应性对混合物密实度的影响，还生产了含有同等取代水平的粉煤灰、石灰石填料或波特兰水泥的类似混合物，以及根据标准参数设计的常规混凝土。与大多数受粘合剂规格和现行替代水平标准限制的现有研究不同，本研究在固定的总粉含量为350 kg/m³ 的情况下，研究了高水泥替代率，分别为17 %、35 %和50 %。该实验框架使SCM反应性与混合物密实度解耦，从而更清楚地了解它们对机械性能的个别影响。对新鲜状态（坍落度、空气含量、密度和凝结时间）和硬化状态（火山灰活性指数、压缩、劈裂拉伸和弯曲强度以及杨氏模量）的综合测试表明，在不影响混凝土性能的情况下，可以大幅降低水泥含量。水泥替代量为35% %的混合物始终取得最佳效果。研究结果表明，对于含有高含量可选scm的低密度混凝土，基于性能的配合比设计是可行的，并为优化配合比设计和促进这些材料在结构混凝土中的可持续使用提供了实际指导，超出了目前的标准限制。

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引用次数: 0

Practical prediction models for the deformation-related properties of recycled aggregate concrete 再生骨料混凝土变形相关性能的实用预测模型

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145102

Jia Qin , Yue Geng , Huan Zhang , Yu-Yin Wang

The mechanical behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is more complex than that of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) due to the inclusion of residual mortar and interfacial transition zones (ITZs) adjacent to it. This complexity leads to a trade-off in the prediction equations between simplicity and high accuracy, both of which are important for structural designers. Traditional regression-based equations and machine-learning-based prediction models have their limitations: the former highly depends on the parameter ranges of the data used for regression and lacks generalizability, while the latter may be unreliable when training data is not enough (a few hundred data for the behavior of RAC is far below the thousands generally required for machine learning). To address this gap, using the deformation-related properties of RAC as an example, this study proposes a method to simplify the theoretical formulas by replacing variables with representative values from statistical analysis of 2088 collected aggregate properties and 324 concrete mix proportions. The models developed with this method combine advantages of simplicity, generalizability, and high accuracy. Validation results showed that the proposed models achieved mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 9.5 % for 489 elastic modulus samples, 9.4 % for 144 shrinkage samples, 10.1 % for 61 creep samples, and 10.6 % for 178 peak strain samples.

再生骨料混凝土（RAC）的力学行为比天然骨料混凝土（NAC）更复杂，因为它包含了残余砂浆和相邻的界面过渡区（ITZs）。这种复杂性导致了预测方程在简单性和高精度之间的权衡，这两者对结构设计师来说都很重要。传统的基于回归的方程和基于机器学习的预测模型都有其局限性：前者高度依赖于用于回归的数据的参数范围，缺乏通用性，而后者在训练数据不足的情况下可能不可靠（RAC行为的几百个数据远远低于机器学习通常需要的数千个数据）。为了解决这一空白，本研究以RAC的变形相关性能为例，提出了一种简化理论公式的方法，即用收集到的2088种骨料性能和324种混凝土配合比的统计分析中的代表性值代替变量。该方法建立的模型具有简单、通用性强、精度高等优点。验证结果表明，该模型对489个弹性模量样本的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）为9.5 %，对144个收缩样本的平均绝对百分比误差为9.4 %，对61个蠕变样本的平均绝对百分比误差为10.1 %，对178个峰值应变样本的平均绝对百分比误差为10.6 %。

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引用次数: 0

Carbonation behavior of GGBS with different reactivity and its regulatory effects on early hydration performance in alkali-activated system 不同反应活性GGBS的碳化行为及其对碱活化体系早期水化性能的调控作用

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145393

Ruilin Cao , Haojie Zhao , Peng Liu , Lingling Xu , Zijian Jia , Shunquan Zhang

Carbonation modification of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a promising strategy for regulating slag reactivity and optimizing the hydration process in alkali-activated slag (AAS) systems, while simultaneously enabling CO₂ utilization. However, the carbonation behavior of different GGBS and the resulting hydration mechanisms in AAS are not yet fully understood. In this study, a comparative investigation was conducted on GGBS with different activity grades, specifically S75 and S95, to clarify carbonation-induced changes and their effects on early hydration of AAS. The results indicate that carbonation significantly alters slag surface characteristics and phase composition, with the amount of carbonate formed strongly correlated with glass phase content. Carbonated S75 generates calcite-type CaCO₃, forming a loosely stacked layer that allows deeper carbonation and rapid recovery of hydration. Carbonated S95 predominantly produces aragonite-type CaCO₃, which continuously deposits to form a compact coating layer that more effectively restricts dissolution and hydration, thereby exhibiting a pronounced retardation effect on subsequent reactions. Overall, carbonated slag exhibits a dual-regulation effect in AAS, where the early hydration reaction is suppressed, but the subsequent hydration and strength recovery are enhanced. This is reflected in a delayed and weakened early exothermic peak, with subsequent improvement in mechanical performance. These findings demonstrate that carbonation pretreatment can serve as a complementary and controllable precursor modification approach, enabling effective regulation of early hydration without changing AAS chemistry, while preserving later-age performance. This provides a new perspective for the low-carbon and tunable strategy for the application of carbonated GGBS in alkali-activated materials.

对磨粒高炉渣（GGBS）进行碳化改性是一种很有前途的策略，可以调节渣的反应性，优化碱活性渣（AAS）体系的水化过程，同时实现CO2的利用。然而，不同GGBS在AAS中的碳化行为及其水化机制尚不完全清楚。本研究对不同活性等级的GGBS，特别是S75和S95进行了对比研究，以阐明碳化引起的变化及其对AAS早期水化的影响。结果表明，碳化显著改变了渣的表面特征和相组成，碳酸盐的形成量与玻璃相含量密切相关。碳化S75生成方解石型CaCO3，形成松散堆叠层，允许更深的碳化和快速水化恢复。碳化后的S95主要生成文石型CaCO3， CaCO3不断沉积形成致密的涂层，更有效地限制溶解和水化，从而对后续反应表现出明显的阻滞作用。综上所述，碳化渣在AAS中表现出双重调节作用，抑制了早期水化反应，但增强了后续水化反应和强度恢复。这反映在延迟和减弱的早期放热峰值，随后机械性能有所改善。这些发现表明，碳化预处理可以作为一种互补的、可控的前驱体修饰方法，在不改变AAS化学性质的情况下，有效地调节早期水化，同时保持后期性能。这为碳化GGBS在碱活性材料中的应用提供了低碳可调策略的新视角。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism study on oil component leaching and water aging of asphalt under high-temperature aqueous conditions 高温含水条件下沥青油组分浸出及水老化机理研究

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145399

Xiaolong Yang , Wentao Ge , Xiaoling Wei , Yu Liu , Yuankuo Wang , Qiang Yi , Zhenghao Zhang , Jiasheng Dai

In hot and rainy regions, asphalt pavements suffer accelerated aging due to coupled thermal–moisture effects, severely limiting their long-term durability. To elucidate the mechanisms of water-induced aging and its impact on asphalt performance, this study subjected 70# virgin asphalt to hydrothermal aging by immersion in water at 105 °C for 0, 5, 10, and 15 h. The high-temperature rheological behavior and intermediate-temperature fatigue resistance were evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), while microstructural and chemical changes were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results revealed that after 15 h of water aging, rutting resistance and fatigue resistance decreased by over 40 % and 55 %, respectively. Hydrothermal aging promoted volatilization of light fractions and hydrolysis of resins, causing asphalt components to aggregate, surface roughness to increase, and polar oxygen-containing groups to form. The predominance of ester compounds indicated severe oxidative degradation. These findings clarify the mechanism of water-induced aging and provide a theoretical basis for improving asphalt durability, with implications for extending pavement service life and reducing maintenance costs in hot and humid regions.

在炎热多雨地区，沥青路面由于热湿耦合作用而加速老化，严重限制了其长期耐久性。为了阐明水致老化机理及其对沥青性能的影响，本研究对70#原生沥青进行了水热老化，分别在105℃的水中浸泡0、5、10和15 h。采用动态剪切流变仪（DSR）评价了材料的高温流变行为和中温抗疲劳性能，并通过原子力显微镜（AFM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析了材料的微观结构和化学变化。结果表明，水老化15 h后，车辙抗力和疲劳抗力分别下降了40 %和55 %以上。水热老化促进了轻质组分的挥发和树脂的水解，导致沥青组分聚集，表面粗糙度增加，极性含氧基团形成。酯类化合物的优势表明严重的氧化降解。这些研究结果阐明了水致老化机理，为提高沥青耐久性提供了理论依据，对延长湿热地区路面使用寿命和降低养护成本具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Carbonation-enhanced utilization of magnesium slag in cement: Multi-scale investigation of hydration kinetics, ionic evolution, and performance optimization 碳化强化镁渣在水泥中的利用：水化动力学、离子演化和性能优化的多尺度研究

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145375

Junhao Ye , Zhaijun Wen , Jingrui Fang , Shouwei Jian , Songhui Liu , Xinze Li , Zhiqin Ma , Xinchao Shi

Magnesium slag (MS) is a metallurgical by-product, with an annual output of approximately 8 million tons. Due to its high alkalinity (pH > 12.5), it poses significant environmental challenges such as soil pollution and groundwater pollution to the surrounding areas. While carbonation treatment offers a promising pathway to stabilize MS, fundamental understanding of carbonated MS (C-MS) interactions with cement hydration remains limited, particularly regarding early-stage ionic dynamics and optimal substitution thresholds. This study systematically investigates C-MS as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) through multi-scale characterization combining real-time inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) monitoring, isothermal calorimetry, and microstructural analysis. Results demonstrate that wet carbonation treatment transforms MS into predominant calcite while increasing specific surface area from 3.53 to 22.87 m²/g. At 10 wt% substitution, C-MS accelerates cement hydration by advancing the silicate peak forward by 1.2 h, attributed to heterogeneous nucleation effects and enhanced Ca²⁺/Si⁴⁺ ionic release during the critical 0–24 h period. The 28-day compressive strength remains comparable to pure cement (55.64 vs. 56.18 MPa), while setting time reduces by 18 %. However, substitution levels exceeding 10 % induce strength deterioration due to dilution effects overwhelming the chemical/physical contributions. Pore structure refinement occurs primarily in the 2–10 nm gel pore range, with BET surface area increasing from 2.37 to 16.76 m²/g at 28 days. Life cycle assessment indicates 10 % C-MS substitution achieves 84.25 kg CO₂/t OPC reduction. The established 10 % substitution threshold provides critical design parameters for sustainable cement production while enabling circular economy valorization of metallurgical waste.

镁渣是一种冶金副产物，年产量约为800万吨。由于其高碱度（pH > 12.5），对周边地区造成了土壤污染和地下水污染等重大环境挑战。虽然碳化处理为稳定质谱提供了一条很有希望的途径，但对碳化质谱（C-MS）与水泥水化相互作用的基本理解仍然有限，特别是在早期离子动力学和最佳替代阈值方面。本研究通过结合实时电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）监测、等温量热法和显微结构分析等多尺度表征，系统地研究了C-MS作为一种补充胶凝材料（SCM）。结果表明：湿碳化处理使质谱转变为方解石为主，使比表面积从3.53增加到22.87 m2/g；当取代量为10 wt%时，C-MS通过将硅酸盐峰向前推进1.2 h来加速水泥水化，这是由于非均相成核效应和在关键的0-24 h期间增强的Ca2+/Si4+离子释放。28天抗压强度与纯水泥相当（55.64 vs. 56.18 MPa），而凝结时间减少了18. %。然而，替代水平超过10 %会导致强度下降，因为稀释效应压倒了化学/物理贡献。孔隙结构的细化主要发生在2-10 nm凝胶孔隙范围内，28 d时BET比表面积从2.37增加到16.76 m2/g。生命周期评估表明，10 % C-MS替代实现84.25 kg CO2/t OPC减排。所建立的10 %替代阈值为可持续水泥生产提供了关键的设计参数，同时实现了冶金废物的循环经济价值。

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引用次数: 0

Localised corrosion on reinforced concrete structures: Pitting factor analysis 钢筋混凝土结构局部腐蚀：点蚀因素分析

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145352

J.R. Lliso-Ferrando , I. Gasch , A. Martínez-Ibernón , M. Valcuende

Pitting corrosion has become one of the main causes of premature deterioration in reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments. This phenomenon is particularly critical for structural reliability, as it leads to a more severe reduction in the cross-sectional area of reinforcing bars compared with uniform corrosion. Over the past four decades, numerous studies have focused on evaluating the pitting factor (

R_{pit}

), a parameter that relates the uniform corrosion depth (

P_{x}

) to the maximum pit depth (

P_{pit}

). However, the values reported in the literature exhibit considerable variability. In this experimental study, pitting-induced damage was investigated in reinforced concrete specimens immersed in seawater for 320 days. Detailed pit characterisation was conducted on 72 reinforcing bars using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. The results, complemented by the analysis of an additional dataset of 368 values compiled from the literature, show that

R_{pit}

cannot be regarded as a constant parameter, as it mainly depends on the extent of corrosion, exhibiting lower values at more advanced stages of degradation. The method used to induce corrosion also influenced

R_{pit}

, although this effect became negligible at higher degradation levels. For chloride-induced corrosion, where chlorides were not incorporated during concrete mixing, the experimental results revealed a robust power-law relationship between

P_{x}

and

R_{pit}

. Based on these findings, an empirical equation describing this relationship is proposed, represented by the 95th percentile curve of the experimental data.

点蚀已成为海洋环境下钢筋混凝土结构过早劣化的主要原因之一。这种现象对结构的可靠性尤其重要，因为与均匀腐蚀相比，它会导致钢筋横截面积的更严重减少。在过去的四十年里，许多研究都集中在评估点蚀因子（Rpit）上，这是一个将均匀腐蚀深度（Px）与最大点蚀深度（Ppit）联系起来的参数。然而，文献中报道的数值表现出相当大的可变性。本试验研究了钢筋混凝土试件在海水中浸泡320 d后的点蚀损伤。使用三维（3D）扫描对72根钢筋进行了详细的凹坑表征。结果，通过对从文献中编译的368个值的额外数据集的分析，表明Rpit不能被视为恒定参数，因为它主要取决于腐蚀的程度，在更高级的降解阶段显示出更低的值。用于诱导腐蚀的方法也会影响Rpit，尽管这种影响在较高的降解水平下可以忽略不计。对于氯化物引起的腐蚀，在混凝土搅拌过程中不掺入氯化物，实验结果显示Px和Rpit之间存在强大的幂律关系。在此基础上，提出了一个描述这种关系的经验方程，用实验数据的第95百分位曲线表示。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of coal gangue thermal activation methods on the properties of geopolymer materials 煤矸石热活化方法对地聚合物材料性能的影响

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145379

Xiaoxing Gao , Wenjie Li , Siyu Duan , Ji Wang , Jianbo Zhang , Zhibin Ma , Yanxia Guo , Fangqin Cheng

Coal gangue, a significant byproduct of coal mining and processing, represents a major category of solid waste that demands more efficient and sustainable resource utilization strategies. This study explores the decarbonization and activation of coal gangue through both traditional calcination and microwave calcination, with a systematic comparison of the effects of calcination conditions on phase composition and chemical structure. Subsequently, a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 16 mol/L is utilized as an alkaline activator to synthesize geopolymers from the calcined coal gangue. The performance, phase evolution, and microstructural characteristics of the resulting geopolymers are comprehensively evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results indicate that microwave calcination outperforms traditional methods in terms of carbon removal efficiency and the transformation of kaolinite into reactive metakaolin. The microwave-calcined coal gangue exhibits a higher content of amorphous aluminosilicate phases and more complete decomposition of organic carbon. Consequently, the derived geopolymer demonstrates reduced fluidity, accelerated setting behavior, and markedly enhanced compressive strength (42.01 MPa compared to 26.03 MPa). Mechanistic analysis reveals three critical factors contributing to this improved performance: (1) increased formation of amorphous N-A-S-H gel and hydroxysodalite in the microwave-activated system; (2) optimized silicon coordination environments, characterized by the predominance of highly polymerized Q⁴(4Al) tetrahedral units over less reactive Q²(1Al) species; and (3) progressive densification of the pore structure, leading to the development of a robust three-dimensional geopolymer network.

煤矸石是煤炭开采和加工的重要副产品，是固体废物的主要类别，需要更有效和可持续的资源利用战略。本研究探讨了传统煅烧和微波煅烧对煤矸石脱碳活化的影响，系统比较了煅烧条件对煤矸石相组成和化学结构的影响。随后，以浓度为16 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液作为碱性活化剂，从煅烧煤矸石中合成地聚合物。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TG-DTG）、压汞孔隙度测定（MIP）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS）和核磁共振（NMR）等方法对所得地聚合物的性能、相演化和微观结构特征进行了综合评价。结果表明，微波焙烧在除碳效率和高岭石转化为活性偏高岭土方面优于传统方法。微波煅烧的煤矸石表现出较高的无定形铝硅酸盐相含量和更完全的有机碳分解。因此，衍生的地聚合物表现出流动性降低、凝结速度加快、抗压强度显著提高（42.01 MPa比26.03 MPa）。机理分析揭示了促进该性能提高的三个关键因素：(1)在微波活化体系中增加了无定形N-A-S-H凝胶和羟基钠石的形成；(2)优化硅配位环境，其特征是高聚合Q4（4Al）四面体单元优于反应性较低的Q2（1Al）基团；(3)孔隙结构逐渐致密化，形成坚固的三维地聚合物网络。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-scale characterization of fracture properties of cement-based materials via scratch test 基于划痕试验的水泥基材料断裂性能多尺度表征

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145350

Jiahan Liu , Shilang Xu , Qiang Zeng

This study aimed to investigate the versatile application of scratch technique for the comprehensive characterization of cement-based materials (CBMs). The research focused on evaluating key mechanical properties such as indentation depth, lateral force, hardness, and fracture toughness. These properties were analyzed using a combination of statistical analysis, linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, and the homogenization method to provide a more complete understanding of material behavior at different scales. For hardened cement paste (HCP), the range of the hardness was 0.31–1.12 GPa and that of fracture toughness was mainly 0.87–2.03 MPa·m^1/2 by statistical analysis. The results confirmed a notable correlation between hardness/fracture toughness and load levels, including the size effect. The fracture toughness results and crack propagation behavior collectively indicated a transition in the deformation mechanism during the scratching process, from ductile to brittle-dominated. Based on the Mori-Tanaka (MT) and the generalized self-consistent method (GSC), a multi-scale fracture-energy calculation model was developed. This model established a quantitative link between micro and macro scales, offering a more accurate representation of material failure across different structural levels. The findings of this study on scratch tests and homogenization-based multi-scale model have brought advances to both the scientific study and engineering application of CBMs.

本研究旨在探讨划痕技术在水泥基材料（CBMs）综合表征中的广泛应用。研究重点是评估压痕深度、侧向力、硬度和断裂韧性等关键力学性能。这些特性的分析结合了统计分析、线弹性断裂力学理论和均质化方法，以便更全面地了解材料在不同尺度下的行为。经统计分析，硬化水泥浆体（HCP）硬度范围为0.31 ~ 1.12 GPa，断裂韧性范围主要为0.87 ~ 2.03 MPa·m1/2。结果证实了硬度/断裂韧性与载荷水平之间的显著相关性，包括尺寸效应。断裂韧性结果和裂纹扩展行为共同表明，在划伤过程中，变形机制发生了从韧性为主到脆性为主的转变。基于Mori-Tanaka （MT）和广义自洽法（GSC），建立了多尺度裂缝能量计算模型。该模型建立了微观和宏观尺度之间的定量联系，为不同结构水平的材料失效提供了更准确的表征。基于划痕试验和均质化多尺度模型的研究成果，为复合材料的科学研究和工程应用带来了新的进展。

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引用次数: 0

Strain rate-dependent constitutive modelling of stainless steels 不锈钢应变率相关本构模型

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145325

R. Zhang , Y. Zhu , L. Gardner

A strain rate-dependent constitutive model for stainless steels, calibrated against 184 coupon test results assembled from the literature on austenitic, ferritic, duplex and martensitic alloys, is presented. The rate-dependent material behaviour of two austenitic stainless steels, EN 1.4307 and EN 1.4678, was first examined experimentally. A total of 46 coupon tests were conducted, at different strain rates ranging from 0.00018 s^–1 to 2000 s^–1. The effect of strain rate on the strength and ductility of the tested stainless steels was analysed. The test results indicated that both the yield strength and ultimate strength of the two stainless steels are strain rate-dependent, though each exhibited distinct trends. As the strain rate increased, the yield strength exhibited an increasing trend, whereas the ultimate strength initially decreased at strain rates below 0.1 s^–1 and then increased at higher strain rates. Compared to the normal-strength EN 1.4307 stainless steel, the high-strength EN 1.4678 stainless steel exhibited lower sensitivity to strain rates, as reflected by lower dynamic increase factors. The Johnson–Cook model was calibrated to match the observed response of the studied grades. Based on both the newly obtained test results, as well as additional experimental data collected from previous studies, a continuous dynamic constitutive model applicable to all stainless steels — expressed as a function of strain rate and yield strength — was developed by combining a modified Cowper–Symonds formulation for the strain rate effect with the two‑stage Ramberg–Osgood model for describing the stress-strain curve. The developed formulations are suitable for inclusion in advanced analytical models and numerical simulations of stainless steel elements under high strain rate loading scenarios.

本文提出了一种应变率相关的不锈钢本构模型，根据奥氏体、铁素体、双相和马氏体合金的184次试验结果进行校准。首先对两种奥氏体不锈钢（EN 1.4307和EN 1.4678）的速率相关材料行为进行了实验研究。在0.00018 s-1 ~ 2000 s-1应变速率范围内，共进行了46次联片试验。分析了应变速率对被试不锈钢强度和塑性的影响。试验结果表明，两种不锈钢的屈服强度和极限强度均与应变率有关，但各自表现出不同的趋势。随着应变速率的增加，屈服强度呈增加趋势，而极限强度在应变速率低于0.1 s-1时呈先下降后升高的趋势。与普通强度EN 1.4307不锈钢相比，高强度EN 1.4678不锈钢对应变速率的敏感性较低，这反映在较低的动态增加因子上。对Johnson-Cook模型进行了校准，以匹配所研究等级的观察反应。基于新获得的测试结果，以及从以前的研究中收集的额外实验数据，通过将改进的应变率效应的Cowper-Symonds公式与描述应力-应变曲线的两阶段Ramberg-Osgood模型相结合，建立了一个适用于所有不锈钢的连续动态本构模型，该模型表示为应变率和屈服强度的函数。所开发的公式适用于不锈钢元件在高应变率加载情况下的高级分析模型和数值模拟。

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引用次数: 0

Development and performance optimization of specified-density concrete using municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as fine aggregate 城市生活垃圾焚烧底灰细骨料定密混凝土的研制与性能优化

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145368

Guangying Zhang , Feng Cao , Hongxia Qiao , Xusheng Pang , Minggang Shang

The gradation of tailings fine aggregates (TFA) derived from household waste residues was reconstructed and optimized to conserve raw materials for specified density concrete (SDC) and explore a new approach for waste residue disposal. The physical and mechanical properties of SDC containing the optimized TFA gradation were systematically examined. Pore structure testing and microstructure characterization were performed to elucidate the mechanisms by which TFA influences SDC performance. The results indicate that the physical and mechanical properties of SDC were significantly enhanced after TFA gradation optimization. When TFA with a fineness modulus of 3.0 was incorporated at 50%, the compressive and tensile strengths of SDC reached their optimum values, increasing by 7.21% and 1.4%, respectively, compared with those of the TFA-free reference. Under these conditions, the proportions of harmful and multi-harmful pores in SDC were markedly reduced, the most probable pore size decreased, and the pore structure became more refined. The Ca(OH)₂ produced during SDC hydration provides an alkaline environment, promotes the secondary hydration of active SiO₂ in TFA, and generates calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. Together with AFt, this gel forms a mechanical interlocking structure within the pores of the interfacial transition zone. Simultaneously, optimized TFA gradation refines the pore structure through micro-filling effects, thereby improving the uniformity and compactness of the cementitious matrix.

通过对生活垃圾尾矿细骨料级配进行改造和优化，为节约定密度混凝土原料，探索废渣处理新途径。系统地考察了含优化TFA级配的SDC的物理力学性能。通过孔结构测试和微观结构表征来阐明TFA影响SDC性能的机理。结果表明，经TFA级配优化后，SDC的物理力学性能得到了显著提高。当细度模量为3.0的TFA添加量为50%时，SDC的抗压强度和抗拉强度达到最佳值，分别比不添加TFA的参考材料提高了7.21%和1.4%。在此条件下，SDC中有害孔和多有害孔的比例明显减少，最可能孔径减小，孔隙结构更加精细。SDC水化过程中产生的Ca(OH)2提供了一个碱性环境，促进TFA中活性SiO2的二次水化，生成水合硅酸钙凝胶。该凝胶与AFt一起在界面过渡区孔隙内形成机械联锁结构。同时，优化后的TFA级配通过微填充效应细化了孔隙结构，从而提高了胶凝基质的均匀性和密实度。

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引用次数: 0