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Low power and optimal delay multi threshold voltage level converters 低功耗和最佳延迟多阈值电压电平变换器
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669466
R. Naik
Minimizing power consumption without compromising speed in any integrated circuit (IC) is a challenge. Employing multiple supply voltages (multi-Vdd) is an effective technique to achieve this. In order to minimize the power dissipation in an integrated circuit, voltage level converter circuits are required. There are two novel multi-threshold voltage (multi-Vth) based level converters are proposed. When these novel level converters are applied in an integrated circuit and compared with the previous level converter which are of feed back based circuit. The power dissipation is decreased in this approach up to 47% and the Delay is optimized by 50% with multi threshold based level converter in a 0.18- µm technology.
在不影响任何集成电路(IC)速度的情况下最小化功耗是一个挑战。采用多个电源电压(multi-Vdd)是实现这一目标的有效技术。为了使集成电路的功耗最小化,需要使用电压电平转换电路。提出了两种新型的基于多阈值电压的电平变换器。将这些新型电平变换器应用到集成电路中,并与以往的基于反馈电路的电平变换器进行比较。该方法的功耗降低了47%,延迟优化了50%,采用基于多阈值的0.18µm技术的电平转换器。
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引用次数: 2
High-performance NoC Interface with interrupt batching for Micronmesh MPSoC prototype platform on FPGA 基于FPGA的微孔MPSoC原型平台的高性能NoC接口
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669449
H. Kariniemi, J. Nurmi
This paper presents a new NoC Interface (NI) targeted for improving the performance of the Micronmesh Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). The previous version of the NI called Micronswitch Interface (MSI) can zero-copy messages as it sends and receives them. It offloads also some functionalities of the communication protocol from software (SW) to hardware (HW), but interrupt processing produces extra SW overhead and reduces the performance. For this reason, an improved version of the MSI called MSI-with-Queues (MSIQ) was designed with a new queue mechanism in order to reduce the frequency of interrupts and the SW overhead. Owing to the new queue mechanism of the MSIQ it is possible to batch and service multiple interrupt service requests by every execution of the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). Additionally, the new MSIQ HW is able to send and receive messages while the processor is running the ISR. The performance of the MSIQ is also analyzed in this paper. The results show that the queue mechanism improves the performance with moderate hardware costs.
本文提出了一种新的NoC接口(NI),旨在提高微孔多处理器片上系统(MPSoC)的性能。先前版本的NI称为微开关接口(MSI),可以在发送和接收消息时对消息进行零复制。它还将通信协议的一些功能从软件(SW)转移到硬件(HW),但是中断处理会产生额外的软件开销并降低性能。出于这个原因,MSI的改进版本MSI-with- queues (MSIQ)被设计为一个新的队列机制,以减少中断的频率和软件开销。由于MSIQ的新的队列机制,使得每次中断服务例程(ISR)的执行都可以批量处理多个中断服务请求。此外,新的MSIQ硬件能够在处理器运行ISR时发送和接收消息。本文还对MSIQ的性能进行了分析。结果表明,队列机制在硬件成本适中的情况下提高了性能。
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引用次数: 4
An analysis of designing 2D/3D chip multiprocessor wit different cache architecture 基于不同缓存结构的二维/三维芯片多处理器设计分析
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669433
T. Xu, L. Guang, A. Yin, Bo Yang, P. Liljeberg, H. Tenhunen
Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become a widely accepted on-chip communication architecture which provides a promising solution to integrate a large number of components on a single chip. However, with the increasingly higher performance demands for on-chip systems, NoCs are facing several critical challenges such as wire delay and power consumption. Therefore, in this paper, we explore different cache architecture designs in 2D/3D NoC architectures. Integrated core/cache and split and wire delay. We present benchmark results using a cycle accurate full system simulator. Experiments show that, by using the proposed 3D NoC architecture, compared with the integrated core/cache design, the average network latency and average link utilization are reduced by 5.01% and 26.07% respectively.
片上网络(NoC)已经成为一种被广泛接受的片上通信体系结构,它为在单个芯片上集成大量组件提供了一种有前途的解决方案。然而,随着对片上系统的性能要求越来越高,noc面临着一些关键的挑战,如线延迟和功耗。因此,在本文中,我们探索了2D/3D NoC架构中不同的缓存架构设计。集成核心/缓存和分割和有线延迟。我们使用周期精确的全系统模拟器给出基准测试结果。实验表明,采用本文提出的3D NoC架构,与核心/缓存集成设计相比,平均网络延迟和平均链路利用率分别降低了5.01%和26.07%。
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引用次数: 10
A small-area self-biased wideband CMOS balun LNA with noise cancelling and gain enhancement 具有消噪和增益增强的小面积自偏置宽带CMOS平衡LNA
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669429
J. R. Custódio, L. B. Oliveira, J. Goes, J. Oliveira, E. Bruun, P. Andreani
In this paper we present a low-power and small-area balun LNA. The proposed inverter-based topology uses self-biasing and noise cancelling, yielding a very robust LNA with a low NF. Comparing this circuit with a conventional inverter-based circuit, we obtain a ∼3 dB enhancement in voltage gain, with improved robustness against PVT variations. Simulations results in a 130 nm CMOS technology show a 17.7dB voltage gain, nearly flat over a wide bandwidth (200MHz–1GHz), and an NF of approximately 4dB. The total power consumption is below 7.5 mW, with a very small die area of 0.007 mm2. All data are extracted from post-layout simulations.
本文提出了一种低功耗小面积平衡LNA。所提出的基于逆变器的拓扑使用自偏置和噪声消除,产生具有低NF的非常鲁棒的LNA。将该电路与传统的基于逆变器的电路进行比较,我们获得了电压增益提高~ 3db,并提高了对PVT变化的鲁棒性。在130 nm CMOS技术上的仿真结果显示,电压增益为17.7dB,在宽带宽(200MHz-1GHz)范围内几乎持平,NF约为4dB。总功耗低于7.5 mW,模具面积非常小,仅为0.007 mm2。所有数据都是从布局后模拟中提取的。
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引用次数: 4
A 290µA, 3.2MHz 4-bit phase ADC for constant envelope, ultra-low power radio 一个290µA, 3.2MHz 4位相位ADC,用于恒定包络,超低功率无线电
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669493
B. Banerjee, C. Enz, E. Le Roux
This paper presents an implemented 4-bit phase ADC circuit. It introduces a model to calculate its dynamic range considering second order effects including non-linearity and offsets. The study also encompasses the phase resolution and validates the model with measurement results from the implemented chip. Our analysis shows that the phase ADC is extremely robust against circuit non-idealities and provides higher dynamic range compared to traditional amplitude ADCs while consuming lower power.
本文提出了一种实现的4位相位ADC电路。介绍了一种考虑非线性和偏移等二阶效应的动态范围计算模型。该研究还包括相位分辨率,并使用所实现芯片的测量结果验证模型。我们的分析表明,相位ADC对电路非理想性具有极强的鲁棒性,与传统幅度ADC相比,它提供了更高的动态范围,同时功耗更低。
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引用次数: 9
Flexible hardware implementation of collaborative GNSS tracking channel 协同GNSS跟踪信道的柔性硬件实现
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669476
H. Hurskainen, J. Raasakka, J. Nurmi
The most of the upcoming global satellite navigation system (GNSS) signals will be composite type. Composite satellite signals have unique spreading codes both for data channel and dataless (pilot) channel. The combination allows both data extraction for navigation and longer integration of pilot for better timing and thus positioning accuracy. The non-coherent and coherent collaborative tracking algorithms are presented in literature. In this paper we present our work on flexible hardware implementation, capable for both types of collaborative tracking. The implementation is done with FPGA based TUTGNSS receiver platform, and synthesis results for implementation are presented. From results it can be seen that the logic consumption overhead for 16-channel collaborative tracking unit is 56.9% with full hardware support and 26.6% with optimized hardware support when compared to design without the presented structure.
未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)信号大部分将是复合信号。复合卫星信号在数据信道和无数据(导频)信道都具有独特的扩频码。这种组合既可以为导航提取数据,也可以为更好的定时和定位精度提供更长的飞行员集成。文献中提出了非相干和相干的协同跟踪算法。在本文中,我们介绍了我们在灵活的硬件实现上的工作,能够实现两种类型的协作跟踪。在基于FPGA的TUTGNSS接收机平台上进行了实现,并给出了实现的综合结果。从结果可以看出,与没有给出结构的设计相比,在完全硬件支持下,16通道协同跟踪单元的逻辑消耗开销为56.9%,在优化硬件支持下为26.6%。
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引用次数: 4
Exploring FPGAs capability to host a HPC design 探索fpga承载高性能计算设计的能力
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669494
Clement Foucher, F. Muller, A. Giulieri
Reconfigurable hardware is now used in high performance computers, introducing the high performance reconfigurable computing. Dynamic hardware allows processors to devolve intensive computations to dedicated hardware circuitry optimized for that purpose. Our aim is to make larger use of hardware capabilities by pooling the hardware and software computations resources in a unified design in order to allow replacing the ones by the others depending on the application needs. For that purpose, we needed a test platform to evaluate FPGA capabilities to operate as a high performance computer node. We designed an architecture allowing the separation of a parallel program communication from its kernels computation in order to make easier the future partial dynamic reconfiguration of the processing elements. This architecture implements static softcores as test IPs, keeping in mind that the future platform implementing dynamic reconfiguration will allow changing the processing elements. In this paper, we present this test architecture and its implementation upon Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGAs. We then present a benchmark of the platform using the NAS parallel benchmark integer sort in order to compare various use cases.
可重构硬件现已广泛应用于高性能计算机中,从而引入了高性能可重构计算。动态硬件允许处理器将密集的计算转移到为此目的而优化的专用硬件电路。我们的目标是通过在统一设计中汇集硬件和软件计算资源来更大程度地利用硬件功能,以便根据应用程序的需要使用其他资源来替换它们。为此,我们需要一个测试平台来评估FPGA作为高性能计算机节点运行的能力。我们设计了一种架构,允许将并行程序通信与其内核计算分离,以便于将来处理元素的部分动态重新配置。该体系结构将静态软核实现为测试ip,记住未来实现动态重新配置的平台将允许更改处理元素。在本文中,我们介绍了该测试架构及其在Xilinx Virtex 5 fpga上的实现。然后,我们提供了一个使用NAS并行基准整数排序的平台基准,以便比较各种用例。
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引用次数: 4
Study of modified noise-shaper architectures for oversampled sigma-delta DACs 过采样σ - δ dac的改进降噪结构研究
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669461
Nadeem Afzal, J. Wikner
In this paper, modified low-complex, hybrid architectures for digital, oversampled sigma-delta digital-to-analog converters (ΣΔDACs) are explored in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subDAC complexity. The studied techniques illustrate the trade-off in terms of noise-shaper and DAC implementation complexity and loss in SNR. It is found that a fair amount of improvement in SNR is achieved by maintaining low-complexity of noise shaper. The complexity of the subDAC is yet a parameter, directly related to the number of output bits from the noise shaper. Two different architectures are investigated with respect to subDAC complexity and noise shaper complexity. It is shown that the required number of DAC unit elements (DUE) can be reduced to half.
本文从信噪比(SNR)和子dac复杂度方面探讨了数字过采样σ - δ数模转换器(ΣΔDACs)的改进低复杂混合架构。所研究的技术说明了在噪声整形器和DAC实现复杂性和信噪比损失方面的权衡。研究发现,通过保持低复杂度的噪声整形器,可以实现相当程度的信噪比改善。子dac的复杂性是一个参数,直接关系到噪声整形器输出比特的数量。在子dac复杂度和噪声整形器复杂度方面研究了两种不同的体系结构。结果表明,所需的DAC单元元件(DUE)数量可以减少一半。
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引用次数: 7
Application Of medium-grain multiprocessor mapping methodology to epileptic seizure predictor 中粒多处理机映射方法在癫痫发作预测中的应用
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669489
Elena Hammari, F. Catthoor, J. Huisken, P. G. Kjeldsberg
In this paper we present a methodology that enables mapping and scheduling of a dynamic real-time medical signal processing application onto an MPSoC platform. We apply the Task Concurrency Management (TCM) methodology on Lyapunov Exponent calculator, which is a part of an epileptic seizure predictor. TCM requires a division of an application into thread frames and thread nodes. In particular, we demonstrate a new technique for thread node splitting so as to reduce execution time variance. This is necessary to meet stringent energy and performance requirements during mapping and scheduling. Through experiments we verify that the resulting model of the Lyapunov Exponent calculator fulfills the requirements of the TCM methodology.
在本文中,我们提出了一种能够将动态实时医疗信号处理应用程序映射和调度到MPSoC平台的方法。我们将任务并发管理(TCM)方法应用于Lyapunov指数计算器,这是癫痫发作预测器的一部分。TCM要求将应用程序划分为线程框架和线程节点。特别地,我们展示了一种新的线程节点分割技术,以减少执行时间的变化。这对于满足映射和调度期间严格的能源和性能要求是必要的。通过实验验证了所建立的李亚普诺夫指数计算器模型符合中医方法学的要求。
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引用次数: 5
A DC-invariant gain control technique for CMOS differential variable-gain low-noise amplifiers CMOS差分变增益低噪声放大器的直流不变增益控制技术
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/NORCHIP.2010.5669481
M. Wei, Sheng-Fuh Chang, R. Negra
A DC-invariant gain control technique is introduced for differential CMOS variable-gain low-noise amplifiers (VG-LNA). Such technique provides an advantage of invariant DC bias current when the RF power gain is tuned over the gain control range. Therefore, the transconductance of NMOS transistor is unchanged, which minimizes the input match detuning. Consequently, the optimal design for noise, gain and power linearity becomes easier to achieve. The implemented 0.18 µm CMOS VG-LNA shows a nearly constant DC current of 7.8±0.5 mA from a 1.5 V supply when the RF power gain is tuned from 0 to 12.3 dB at 3.5 GHz. Over this gain tuning range, the input return loss is almost unchanged around 11.5 dB. The minimum noise figure is 2.59 dB and the input-referred P1dB is −4.5 dBm corresponding to the high gain (12.3 dB) situation. The in-band gain flatness is as flat as ±0.2 dB. A very high FOM of 20.6 is obtained.
介绍了差分CMOS变增益低噪声放大器(VG-LNA)的直流不变增益控制技术。当射频功率增益在增益控制范围内调谐时,该技术具有直流偏置电流不变的优点。因此,NMOS晶体管的跨导保持不变,从而使输入匹配失谐最小化。因此,噪声、增益和功率线性的最佳设计变得更容易实现。当射频功率增益从0调谐到12.3 dB时,所实现的0.18µm CMOS VG-LNA在1.5 V电源下的直流电流几乎恒定,为7.8±0.5 mA。在此增益调谐范围内,输入返回损耗几乎在11.5 dB左右不变。最小噪声系数为2.59 dB,对应于高增益(12.3 dB)情况,输入参考P1dB为- 4.5 dBm。带内增益平坦度为±0.2 dB。得到了20.6的非常高的FOM。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
NORCHIP 2010
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