According to Robert Neuwirth, about 1.8 billion people work in the informal economy, producing more than $10 trillion per year. Neuwirth also stated that if all the people involved in the informal economy formed a country, this would be the second strongest economy in the world. Together with its economical importance, its urban flexibility is also remarkable. This model is linked to urban activities and spaces that allow the inhabitants to be more proactive in the dynamics of the city. Looking at the relationship between this phenomenon and several concepts that various authors have employed when defining the current realities, this article analyses how this type of economy and especially the street vending transform the city life and inspires other types of urban interventions such as some involved in the Tactical Urbanism. Firstly the article looks at the way by which the street vending creates, links, and transforms the social, identity, and economic urban dynamics. Secondly, the article also discusses the way in which the informal economy materialized within the current cities as well as the relationship between this entity and the urban spaces without identity, the ‘right to the city’ or the tactical urbanism, amongst others.
{"title":"La economía callejera en las ciudades contemporáneas. La redes efímeras de venta ambulante como modelo para la reconstrucción de lo urbano","authors":"Julia Cervantes Corazzina","doi":"10.14198/I2.2014.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2014.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"According to Robert Neuwirth, about 1.8 billion people work in the informal economy, producing more than $10 trillion per year. Neuwirth also stated that if all the people involved in the informal economy formed a country, this would be the second strongest economy in the world. Together with its economical importance, its urban flexibility is also remarkable. This model is linked to urban activities and spaces that allow the inhabitants to be more proactive in the dynamics of the city. Looking at the relationship between this phenomenon and several concepts that various authors have employed when defining the current realities, this article analyses how this type of economy and especially the street vending transform the city life and inspires other types of urban interventions such as some involved in the Tactical Urbanism. Firstly the article looks at the way by which the street vending creates, links, and transforms the social, identity, and economic urban dynamics. Secondly, the article also discusses the way in which the informal economy materialized within the current cities as well as the relationship between this entity and the urban spaces without identity, the ‘right to the city’ or the tactical urbanism, amongst others.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128760252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article resumes the research presented by the author as the final thesis for the Master of Landscape Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Catalunia. It addresses the evolvement of the co- formed Navarinou Park, situated in the center of the greek capital, through participatory processes (citizen control). Employing both primary sources (interviews with stakeholders) and secondary sources (press articles, blogs, etc.), the research focuses on the characteristics of the participatory processes and underlines the distinct phases. In parallel, through the tracing work (maps and sketches) are showcased the evolving spatial imprints of those processes. Moreover, the attention was brought to the space production process, mainly with respect to the reusing of materials as well as the factors related to functionality and the activities taking place and enable the animation of the public space.
{"title":"Navarinou: “co-formando” un Espacio Público","authors":"Ilias Kampourakis","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present article resumes the research presented by the author as the final thesis for the Master of Landscape Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Catalunia. It addresses the evolvement of the co- formed Navarinou Park, situated in the center of the greek capital, through participatory processes (citizen control). Employing both primary sources (interviews with stakeholders) and secondary sources (press articles, blogs, etc.), the research focuses on the characteristics of the participatory processes and underlines the distinct phases. In parallel, through the tracing work (maps and sketches) are showcased the evolving spatial imprints of those processes. Moreover, the attention was brought to the space production process, mainly with respect to the reusing of materials as well as the factors related to functionality and the activities taking place and enable the animation of the public space.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A decade before there was getting up the Atlantic Wall, there was executed a system of defenses along the Mediterranean coast in Spain (1936-39). The recovery of the same constructions (both of his graphical documents) and his putting in value it can help to consolidate an own memory of the 20th century. This work considers to inventory, to measure and to draw the planes of these architectures to fix the memory that is diluted by the erosion of the time. These military defenses place in many borders: are these defenses properly architecture or are these industrial pieces? Are these a modern architecture? These are walking between two worlds: the one that designs lightweight, flexible and outdated and another that builds heavy, rigid and eternal works. These are walking between two epochs too: the one that perpetuates the epic acts in opposite to the one that shows the disasters. Space, time and matter. They are the most modern ruins of our history built with concrete and disguised in the topography: temples and tombs at the same time. In this reconstruction of the memory, there turns out to be crucial the graphical restitution which is the home of knowledge.
{"title":"Muro Mediterráneo versus movimiento moderno","authors":"Andrés Martínez-Medina, Paolo Sanjust","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"A decade before there was getting up the Atlantic Wall, there was executed a system of defenses along the Mediterranean coast in Spain (1936-39). The recovery of the same constructions (both of his graphical documents) and his putting in value it can help to consolidate an own memory of the 20th century. This work considers to inventory, to measure and to draw the planes of these architectures to fix the memory that is diluted by the erosion of the time. These military defenses place in many borders: are these defenses properly architecture or are these industrial pieces? Are these a modern architecture? These are walking between two worlds: the one that designs lightweight, flexible and outdated and another that builds heavy, rigid and eternal works. These are walking between two epochs too: the one that perpetuates the epic acts in opposite to the one that shows the disasters. Space, time and matter. They are the most modern ruins of our history built with concrete and disguised in the topography: temples and tombs at the same time. In this reconstruction of the memory, there turns out to be crucial the graphical restitution which is the home of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129979174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the changes in the way we think and we live our "habitat", the physical environment continues to be intended as a platform that can be modified by the architecture and one of the first entries in the design process. Although the city has been changing its own grammar, there are a number of fertile places for the contemporary project that are still unexplored, that are nameless and not even recognized as parts of the city. The proposed research is framed in the field of urban design, trying to bring a particular type of physical territories on a common ground: the article aims to identify margin areas, recognizing their spatiality and the idea of city they potentially hold. Reviewing some marginal areas of big cities, the last part of the article focuses on some elements that have had a negative meaning for a long time, attempting to promote them to the rank of "fundamentals". Redesigning limits, rethinking boundaries, thickening the edges; these are all ways of projecting that distance between different parts of the city, a condition understood as ambiguous and disorienting until now.
{"title":"Territorios liminares. Los márgenes de la ciudad en el centro de un terreno común de la arquitectura","authors":"Giuseppe Paritá","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the changes in the way we think and we live our \"habitat\", the physical environment continues to be intended as a platform that can be modified by the architecture and one of the first entries in the design process. Although the city has been changing its own grammar, there are a number of fertile places for the contemporary project that are still unexplored, that are nameless and not even recognized as parts of the city. The proposed research is framed in the field of urban design, trying to bring a particular type of physical territories on a common ground: the article aims to identify margin areas, recognizing their spatiality and the idea of city they potentially hold. Reviewing some marginal areas of big cities, the last part of the article focuses on some elements that have had a negative meaning for a long time, attempting to promote them to the rank of \"fundamentals\". Redesigning limits, rethinking boundaries, thickening the edges; these are all ways of projecting that distance between different parts of the city, a condition understood as ambiguous and disorienting until now.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128416585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a time of mixtures and slidings, current architecture is generated based on multidisciplinary languages away from traditional ways. Modern architecture was a natural consequence of the Avant-Garde which was motivated by emotional conditions because of specific events. Contemporary architecture responds to new paradigms too, being the most important and influential: the massive digital immersion nowadays. The mechanisms repeat the same processes from other disciplines. Philosophy, literature, visual art or science offer new approaches and languages to architecture. Due to the influence of the use of digital media architecture activates two mechanisms: on the one hand, as data compression by the fact of being diagrams as designs (buildings); on the other hand, as interface among environment and person, activating the phenomenon as a exchange mechanism between real and virtual concept.
{"title":"Dos nuevas tipologías por la inmersión de lo digital y la pérdida de lo analógico: arquitectura diagrama y arquitectura fenómeno","authors":"Laura Jiménez","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"In a time of mixtures and slidings, current architecture is generated based on multidisciplinary languages away from traditional ways. Modern architecture was a natural consequence of the Avant-Garde which was motivated by emotional conditions because of specific events. Contemporary architecture responds to new paradigms too, being the most important and influential: the massive digital immersion nowadays. The mechanisms repeat the same processes from other disciplines. Philosophy, literature, visual art or science offer new approaches and languages to architecture. Due to the influence of the use of digital media architecture activates two mechanisms: on the one hand, as data compression by the fact of being diagrams as designs (buildings); on the other hand, as interface among environment and person, activating the phenomenon as a exchange mechanism between real and virtual concept.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131989696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of contemporary migrations in the Mediterranean area assumed its own characteristics, it is recorded while the influx of troops from Africa and Latin associated with productive activities, there are also important contributions of Western Europe who are attracted by tourism residential. These flows of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics so different, agree in the same territorial context and cause urban and architectural processes of a very different and sometimes antagonistic form as "internal borders", residential subdivisions, and tend to dissolve the public space. This article discusses some aspects of migratory landscapes of the Region of Murcia, which can be extrapolated to other areas of the Mediterranean area interpreted within this contrast of migration flows from North (Western Europe) and the South (the Third World) and his impact on the territory. The methodological approach of the social and economic phenomenon of migration, which has received vast scientific literature in the last decades in the field of the various social sciences, but focuses on the territorial impact and architectural aspects summarized in the term we have compiled of «migratory landsapes».
{"title":"Paisajes migratorios en la Región de Murcia: territorio y ciudad en los flujos contrapuestos norte-sur (turismo residencial) y sur-norte (migración laboral)","authors":"I. G. Ibáñez","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of contemporary migrations in the Mediterranean area assumed its own characteristics, it is recorded while the influx of troops from Africa and Latin associated with productive activities, there are also important contributions of Western Europe who are attracted by tourism residential. These flows of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics so different, agree in the same territorial context and cause urban and architectural processes of a very different and sometimes antagonistic form as \"internal borders\", residential subdivisions, and tend to dissolve the public space. This article discusses some aspects of migratory landscapes of the Region of Murcia, which can be extrapolated to other areas of the Mediterranean area interpreted within this contrast of migration flows from North (Western Europe) and the South (the Third World) and his impact on the territory. The methodological approach of the social and economic phenomenon of migration, which has received vast scientific literature in the last decades in the field of the various social sciences, but focuses on the territorial impact and architectural aspects summarized in the term we have compiled of «migratory landsapes».","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The innovative use of the photomontage technique in the competition proposal for Golden Lane in 1952 by the Smithsons, as strategy of celebration of the ordinary within a physically and psychologically destroyed postwar London’s East End, will allow them to discover its inspirational source in reality “as found” and to turn it into a new architectural paradigm.
{"title":"Los Smithsons en Golden Lane: la Simultaneidad de Hechos en el Fotomontaje como Construcción de lo Real","authors":"Iván Capdevila Castellanos, V. Pallarés","doi":"10.14198/I2.2013.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/I2.2013.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The innovative use of the photomontage technique in the competition proposal for Golden Lane in 1952 by the Smithsons, as strategy of celebration of the ordinary within a physically and psychologically destroyed postwar London’s East End, will allow them to discover its inspirational source in reality “as found” and to turn it into a new architectural paradigm.","PeriodicalId":298878,"journal":{"name":"[i2]: Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127083066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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