In this paper, a miniaturized design of dual transmission frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with absorption-transmission-absorption-transmission (A-T-A-T) feature is proposed. Initially, lowfrequency resonators are incorporated on the square ring shaped lossy resistive layer for expanding the broad absorption towards the lower spectrum of frequency. Then the dual bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) with transmission bands lying within the absorption spectrum is integrated with the resistive layer. Further, a cross-loop resonator is integrated inside the square ring of the resistive layer due to which a dual transmission pole is achieved through the resistive layer aligning with the dual operating frequencies of bandpass FSS. The proposed structure exhibits two broad absorption bands ranging from 3.7.10.5 GHz (95.7%) and 12.6.14.6 GHz (14.70%). The two transmission bands are at 10.7 GHz (8.62%) and 16.0 GHz (8.75%) with minimum insertion loss of 1.0 dB and 0.7 dB, respectively. The proposed FSR is polarization-insensitive and a compact design with an electrical size of $0.015lambda^{2}$ and a thickness of $0.08lambda$ along with a wide angular stability up to 50o incidence. The working process of the proposed design is illustrated by studying an equivalent circuit model (ECM). Further, a prototype of 23 × 23 array is fabricated and the measurements are carried out for both normal and oblique incidences. The close resemblance observed between the measured and simulated response experimentally validates the proposed FSR design.
{"title":"Miniaturized Design of Dual Transmission Frequency Selective Rasorber With Wide Angular Stability","authors":"Mehran Manzoor Zargar;Archana Rajput;Kushmanda Saurav","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3382834","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3382834","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized design of dual transmission frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with absorption-transmission-absorption-transmission (A-T-A-T) feature is proposed. Initially, lowfrequency resonators are incorporated on the square ring shaped lossy resistive layer for expanding the broad absorption towards the lower spectrum of frequency. Then the dual bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) with transmission bands lying within the absorption spectrum is integrated with the resistive layer. Further, a cross-loop resonator is integrated inside the square ring of the resistive layer due to which a dual transmission pole is achieved through the resistive layer aligning with the dual operating frequencies of bandpass FSS. The proposed structure exhibits two broad absorption bands ranging from 3.7.10.5 GHz (95.7%) and 12.6.14.6 GHz (14.70%). The two transmission bands are at 10.7 GHz (8.62%) and 16.0 GHz (8.75%) with minimum insertion loss of 1.0 dB and 0.7 dB, respectively. The proposed FSR is polarization-insensitive and a compact design with an electrical size of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.015lambda^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and a thickness of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.08lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 along with a wide angular stability up to 50o incidence. The working process of the proposed design is illustrated by studying an equivalent circuit model (ECM). Further, a prototype of 23 × 23 array is fabricated and the measurements are carried out for both normal and oblique incidences. The close resemblance observed between the measured and simulated response experimentally validates the proposed FSR design.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10485190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3382833
Albert Salmi;Anu Lehtovuori;Ville Viikari
This paper introduces a method for computing reactive terminations for scatterer elements in antenna arrays. With the fixed scatterer elements, we shape embedded element patterns of sparse arrays to focus the radiation into a grating-lobe-free limited field of view. The reactive terminations of the scatterer elements are determined by optimizing reflection coefficients on a Riemannian manifold. In addition, we show that widening the grating-lobe-free field of view is possible by tilting the field of view. We design both 5-element linear and 4-by-4-element planar reactively loaded antenna arrays with 1.4-wavelength inter-element distances. The terminations of the scatterer elements are optimized so that the arrays cover either the broadside-located or the tilted grating-lobe-free field of view. The results obtained from the linear array are validated through measurements of manufactured prototypes.
{"title":"Synthesis of Reactively Loaded Sparse Antenna Arrays Using Optimization on Riemannian Manifold","authors":"Albert Salmi;Anu Lehtovuori;Ville Viikari","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3382833","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3382833","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a method for computing reactive terminations for scatterer elements in antenna arrays. With the fixed scatterer elements, we shape embedded element patterns of sparse arrays to focus the radiation into a grating-lobe-free limited field of view. The reactive terminations of the scatterer elements are determined by optimizing reflection coefficients on a Riemannian manifold. In addition, we show that widening the grating-lobe-free field of view is possible by tilting the field of view. We design both 5-element linear and 4-by-4-element planar reactively loaded antenna arrays with 1.4-wavelength inter-element distances. The terminations of the scatterer elements are optimized so that the arrays cover either the broadside-located or the tilted grating-lobe-free field of view. The results obtained from the linear array are validated through measurements of manufactured prototypes.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10485206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3406067
Aral Ertug Zorkun;Miguel A. Salas-Natera;Alvaro Araujo Pinto;Ramón Martínez Rodríguez-Osorio;Manuel Sierra Pérez
This paper proposes a mutual coupling based self-calibration method for transmit mode large scale antenna arrays. In accord with the proposed active antenna array model, gain/phase uncertainties, antenna element position errors and mutual coupling effects are reduced to an error matrix. The expansion of equations of the proposed calibration method are presented. The proposed calibration procedure is capable of compensating the error matrix while the system is operating and is suitable for off-line, on-site and online calibration procedures. The calibration procedure relies on the measurements of the error signal related to scan reflection coefficient while the system is operating, and the premeasured inter-element couplings. The calibration system takes pre-measured couplings, the geometry of the antenna array, the antenna weights and pointing direction as input, then, during the operation it combines input with the measured feedback signals to construct an array manifold. The coefficients of the error matrix are later estimated from the array manifold. The antenna weights are compensated by direct inversion of the estimated error matrix which involves division operator, yielding possible inaccurate coefficient estimation in hardware. Therefore, a globally convergent generalized inverse matrix approximation method is adopted. Simulation results with worst case errors and a simple experimental study are presented. The results show that with the proposed method, accurate calibration can be made with couplings only in the first and second order neighbors of an antenna element.
{"title":"A Mutual Coupling-Based Full Self-Online Calibration Method for Antenna Arrays in Uplink","authors":"Aral Ertug Zorkun;Miguel A. Salas-Natera;Alvaro Araujo Pinto;Ramón Martínez Rodríguez-Osorio;Manuel Sierra Pérez","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3406067","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3406067","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a mutual coupling based self-calibration method for transmit mode large scale antenna arrays. In accord with the proposed active antenna array model, gain/phase uncertainties, antenna element position errors and mutual coupling effects are reduced to an error matrix. The expansion of equations of the proposed calibration method are presented. The proposed calibration procedure is capable of compensating the error matrix while the system is operating and is suitable for off-line, on-site and online calibration procedures. The calibration procedure relies on the measurements of the error signal related to scan reflection coefficient while the system is operating, and the premeasured inter-element couplings. The calibration system takes pre-measured couplings, the geometry of the antenna array, the antenna weights and pointing direction as input, then, during the operation it combines input with the measured feedback signals to construct an array manifold. The coefficients of the error matrix are later estimated from the array manifold. The antenna weights are compensated by direct inversion of the estimated error matrix which involves division operator, yielding possible inaccurate coefficient estimation in hardware. Therefore, a globally convergent generalized inverse matrix approximation method is adopted. Simulation results with worst case errors and a simple experimental study are presented. The results show that with the proposed method, accurate calibration can be made with couplings only in the first and second order neighbors of an antenna element.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3405849
Elígia Simionato;Ivan Aldaya;José A. de Oliveira;Andre L. Jardini;Julian Avila;Guilherme S. da Rosa;Rafael A. Penchel
This work introduces a Ka-band coaxial horn antenna that incorporates a specialized dielectric supporting structure and a transition to a 2.4 mm connector. The inner and outer radii of the coaxial aperture were sized using an approximated model for an open-ended coaxial waveguide. The theory of small reflections was then used to account for the reflection coefficient resulting from an additional cascading cylindrical-conical section. A refined numerical model, representing more accurately a prototype, featured a transition region to standardized connectors and a dielectric structure that offers mechanical support for the inner conductor and impedance matching. Ansys HFSS full-wave electromagnetic finite-element method solver was used to compute the parameters of the antenna, and a genetic algorithm optimizer was employed to improve the performance of the complete coaxial horn. A prototype was fabricated using metal additive manufacturing for the inner and outer horn conductors, while the dielectric support was created using 3D polymer printing. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the prototyped antenna has an impedance bandwidth of above 79.36% (19–44 GHz), a peak realized gain of 11.53 dBi, and a maximum efficiency of 89.83%. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of additive manufacturing imperfections and assembly errors on the antenna’s performance.
{"title":"Design Guidelines and Performance Analysis of a Wideband Coaxial Horn Antenna Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Elígia Simionato;Ivan Aldaya;José A. de Oliveira;Andre L. Jardini;Julian Avila;Guilherme S. da Rosa;Rafael A. Penchel","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3405849","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3405849","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a Ka-band coaxial horn antenna that incorporates a specialized dielectric supporting structure and a transition to a 2.4 mm connector. The inner and outer radii of the coaxial aperture were sized using an approximated model for an open-ended coaxial waveguide. The theory of small reflections was then used to account for the reflection coefficient resulting from an additional cascading cylindrical-conical section. A refined numerical model, representing more accurately a prototype, featured a transition region to standardized connectors and a dielectric structure that offers mechanical support for the inner conductor and impedance matching. Ansys HFSS full-wave electromagnetic finite-element method solver was used to compute the parameters of the antenna, and a genetic algorithm optimizer was employed to improve the performance of the complete coaxial horn. A prototype was fabricated using metal additive manufacturing for the inner and outer horn conductors, while the dielectric support was created using 3D polymer printing. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the prototyped antenna has an impedance bandwidth of above 79.36% (19–44 GHz), a peak realized gain of 11.53 dBi, and a maximum efficiency of 89.83%. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of additive manufacturing imperfections and assembly errors on the antenna’s performance.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10539237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374855
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Instructions for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10479139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374851
{"title":"IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10479151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3365980
C. Larmour;N. Buchanan;V. Fusco;M. Ali Babar Abbasi
In the paper [1] , Fig. 1 (c) , captioned “Sparse array designs for (c) Compressive sensing direction-of-arrival estimation,” was incorrectly included in the final version. This image has not received the appropriate copyright approval for reuse and therefore should be removed as shown in the updated Fig. 1 . The corresponding reference as shown in [2] should also be removed from the reference list.
{"title":"Correction to “Sparse Array Mutual Coupling Reduction”","authors":"C. Larmour;N. Buchanan;V. Fusco;M. Ali Babar Abbasi","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3365980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3365980","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper \u0000<xref>[1]</xref>\u0000, \u0000<xref>Fig. 1 (c)</xref>\u0000, captioned “Sparse array designs for (c) Compressive sensing direction-of-arrival estimation,” was incorrectly included in the final version. This image has not received the appropriate copyright approval for reuse and therefore should be removed as shown in the updated \u0000<xref>Fig. 1</xref>\u0000. The corresponding reference as shown in \u0000<xref>[2]</xref>\u0000 should also be removed from the reference list.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10479143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400387
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Instructions for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10538453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400383
{"title":"IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3400383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10538462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376514
Kunpeng Wei;Xiaopeng Zhang;Libin Sun;Changjiang Deng
In this letter, a circularly-polarized (CP) log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is investigated. Eight crossed dipole cells with a logarithmically increased $lambda $ /8 separation are employed to form the proposed CP LPDA. The dipoles with increased length and spacing are fed in series by an air-filled parallel line. The working mechanism of the generation of back-fire CP radiation is illustrated by an array analyzation. Besides, the LPDA design factors for both polarizations are analyzed in detail to realize an optimized CP performance. To validate the performance of the proposed eight-element CP LPDA, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The measured axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (0.8-2.5 GHz) is coincident with the impedance bandwidth (0.8-2.43 GHz), and it can be further increased with more elements. The overlapping bandwidth with VSWR < 2, AR < 3 dB, gain variation < 3 dB, and back-fire gain > 5 dBic is 0.94-2.43 GHz (2.6:1), and the radiation pattern is stable across the entire band.
{"title":"Investigation of a Circularly Polarized Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna","authors":"Kunpeng Wei;Xiaopeng Zhang;Libin Sun;Changjiang Deng","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376514","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376514","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a circularly-polarized (CP) log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is investigated. Eight crossed dipole cells with a logarithmically increased \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/8 separation are employed to form the proposed CP LPDA. The dipoles with increased length and spacing are fed in series by an air-filled parallel line. The working mechanism of the generation of back-fire CP radiation is illustrated by an array analyzation. Besides, the LPDA design factors for both polarizations are analyzed in detail to realize an optimized CP performance. To validate the performance of the proposed eight-element CP LPDA, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The measured axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (0.8-2.5 GHz) is coincident with the impedance bandwidth (0.8-2.43 GHz), and it can be further increased with more elements. The overlapping bandwidth with VSWR < 2, AR < 3 dB, gain variation < 3 dB, and back-fire gain > 5 dBic is 0.94-2.43 GHz (2.6:1), and the radiation pattern is stable across the entire band.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10477250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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