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Enslavement and the Possibility of Freedom: A Rethinking about the Human Condition through Tagore’s Red Oleanders 奴役与自由的可能性:从泰戈尔的《红夹竹桃》对人类处境的再思考
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.2001727
Biswarup Das
ABSTRACT The present study takes as its objective the enunciation of the human condition as presented in Rabindranath Tagore’s 1925 play Red Oleanders. The play is set in the fictional backdrop of Yaksha Town, a place where every person is a slave of the system. Through a detailed analysis of the situation of Yaksha Town, the article first brings to light how a totalitarian society deprives every character of liberty and joy and then examines how all the characters are personally accountable for their confinement in the system. As Tagore intends to present the situation of the real world through that of the town, the story of the enslavement of the characters in the play is also that of humanity in general. For Tagore, the malady of the modern world is rooted in its preoccupation with worldly privileges that detaches a person from the ebullience of nature. So, this article also strives to elaborate from the playwright that it is not the propinquity of a materialistic system but that of nature that can liberate humanity from all social and personal confinement. The whole discussion is put forth in light of the theories of Existentialism and Marxism.
本研究以泰戈尔1925年的戏剧《红夹竹桃》中所呈现的人类状况为目的。该剧以虚构的雅克沙镇为背景,这里的每个人都是体制的奴隶。文章透过详细分析Yaksha镇的情况,首先揭示极权社会如何剥夺每个人物的自由与快乐,然后检视所有人物如何对他们在这个制度下的限制负责。泰戈尔想通过城镇来表现现实世界的情况,所以剧中人物被奴役的故事也是一般人性的故事。对泰戈尔来说,现代世界的弊病根源于它对世俗特权的关注,使人与大自然的热情洋溢分离开来。因此,本文也力图从剧作家的角度阐述,将人类从所有社会和个人的束缚中解放出来的,不是物质体系的接近,而是大自然的接近。整个论述是根据存在主义理论和马克思主义理论进行的。
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引用次数: 0
The Reception of Mo Yan’s Novel Thirteen Steps (《十三步》) in Spanish speaking Regions from the Perspective of Variation Theory 从变异理论看莫言小说《十三步》在西班牙语地区的接受
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.2006427
Yang Wu
ABSTRACT Mo Yan’s novels were first translated into Spanish in 1992. But the direct translation of his works from Chinese into Spanish instead of from English or French didn’t start until 2012.This essay will focus on the latest direct translation (Chinese to Spanish) of the novel Thirteen Steps (《十三步》), and try to discuss its reception in Spanish-speaking regions from two aspects: one is the reviews and comments from the local Spanish critics; the other is the analysis on variation caused by literary misreading and cultural filtering from the levels of language translation and cultural transmission. The translation and interpretation of Mo Yan’s works could offer us a glimpse of the reception of contemporary Chinese literature in Spanish-speaking regions more generally, while inspiring some new ideas for Chinese literature to “go global.”
莫言的小说于1992年首次被翻译成西班牙语。但他的作品从中文直接翻译成西班牙语,而不是从英语或法语,直到2012年才开始。本文以《十三步》最新的汉译西班牙文为研究对象,试图从两个方面探讨其在西语地区的接受情况:一是当地西班牙语评论家的评论和评论;二是从语言翻译和文化传播两个层面分析文学误读和文化过滤造成的变异。通过对莫言作品的翻译和解读,我们可以看到当代中国文学在西语地区的普遍接受情况,同时也为中国文学“走出去”提供了一些新的思路。
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引用次数: 1
A Comparative Study of Postcolonial Aspects in T. Salih’s Season of Migration to the North and C. Achebe’s No Longer at Ease 萨利赫的《向北迁徙的季节》与阿切贝的《不再安逸》后殖民方面的比较研究
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.2004678
Mohammad Ahmad Al-Leithy Al-Leithy
ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating aspects of colonialism in both novels of the title. The two works expose a number of the evils of colonialism like masked colonization, stereotyping and hybridity. The colonizer’s appointing of national agents to run the country in the colonizer ’s stead, raising nonentities on the political hierarchy and sowing seeds of hatred among citizens of the same nation will be discussed under the first subtitle, masked colonization. Under the second, stereotyping and misrepresenting Africans will be investigated. The paper will discuss ideas of language, culture and religion when dealing with hybridity, the third concept in such a trichotomy, to show how these have been affected by colonization. The paper will respond to the following questions: how do Achebe’s No Longer at Ease and Salih’s Season of Migration to the North question the credibility of achieving independence? How (and why) did the (British) colonizer persistently stereotype African nations? How did the evil aftermath of British colonialism reach and spoil the different aspects of the lives of the colonized nations, as shown in both?
本研究旨在探讨两部同名小说中殖民主义的各个方面。这两部作品揭露了一些殖民主义的罪恶,如蒙面殖民、刻板印象和混杂。殖民者任命国家代理人代替殖民者管理国家,在政治等级中提升无足轻重的人,并在同一国家的公民中播下仇恨的种子,这些将在第一个副标题“蒙面殖民”下讨论。第二,对非洲人的刻板印象和歪曲将被调查。本文将讨论语言,文化和宗教的想法,当处理混杂,在这样一个三分法的第三个概念,以显示这些是如何受到殖民的影响。本文将回答以下问题:阿奇贝的《不再安逸》和萨利赫的《向北方迁移的季节》如何质疑实现独立的可信度?(英国)殖民者是如何(以及为什么)一直对非洲国家抱有成见的?英国殖民主义的邪恶后果是如何影响和破坏被殖民国家生活的不同方面的,正如两者所显示的那样?
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引用次数: 1
Identifying the Genre of The Journals of Musan as Ontological Affective Realism 试论《茂山记》体裁的本体情感现实主义
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.2003606
Junghyun Hwang
ABSTRACT This article undertakes an intertextual reading of French film critic André Bazin’s “The Ontology of the Photographic Image” (1945) and the South Korean film The Journals of Musan (2010). It identifies the genre of The Journals of Musan as ontological affective realism through the film’s symmetrical comparability with Bazin’s theory of cinema. Ontological affective realism is a label applied by this article to a typology of art denoting a film-technique of reproducing reality. It comprises an artistic subjectivity that is naturally entailed when a film’s realism objectively represents its subject. The ontology of being is dramatically revealed through this subjective objectivity in the reproduction of reality on film. Viewers can finally acknowledge the object as the subject through the process of reading an object manifested through realistic affective subjectivity and can simultaneously learn the artistic methodology of reading the other.
本文对法国影评人安德烈·巴赞的《摄影影像的本体论》(1945)和韩国电影《茂山日记》(2010)进行了互文阅读。通过与巴赞电影理论的对称可比性,将《茂山日记》的类型确定为本体论的情感现实主义。本体论情感现实主义是本文对一种再现现实的电影技术的艺术类型学所使用的标签。它包含了一种艺术主观性,当电影的现实主义客观地表现了它的主体时,这种主观性自然就会产生。在电影对现实的再现中,存在的本体论通过这种主观的客观性被戏剧性地揭示出来。通过对现实情感主体性表现出来的客体的阅读过程,观众最终可以承认客体是主体,同时也可以学习到阅读他者的艺术方法论。
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引用次数: 0
Francis B. Nyamnjoh’s The Disillusioned African: Rigidizing Cosmopolitan Borders, Binarizing Cosmopolitan Opportunities Francis B. Nyamnjoh的《幻灭的非洲人:僵化的世界主义边界,二元化的世界主义机会》
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.2009980
H. Yosimbom
ABSTRACT This paper draws on Francis B. Nyamnjoh’s The Disillusioned African to argue that thinking beyond cosmopolitan borders should be an essential dimension of a cosmopolitan imagination and cosmopolitan politesse that defines the relationship between African leaders and the African masses and Africa, the West, and the rest. Nyamnjoh’s novel affirms that the maintenance of fluid cosmopolitan borders would facilitate cultural encounters and engender cosmopolitan opportunities, which would blur the us/them dichotomies that define and confine relationships between African leadership and Africans and between Africa and the West or the rest. Analyzing the novel from this perspective affirms Nyamnjoh’s belief in nimble-footedness and flexibility in belonging. It is a perspective that foregrounds the author’s informative concepts of incompleteness and conviviality and thus the importance of reciprocal acknowledgment of the Other in her/his otherness among Africans, and between Africans and the West or the rest. The paper argues that this can indeed become the most potent feature and future of a common global cosmopolitan identity.
本文借鉴弗朗西斯·b·尼亚姆乔的《幻灭的非洲人》,认为超越世界主义边界的思考应该是世界主义想象和世界主义礼貌的一个重要维度,它定义了非洲领导人与非洲人民、非洲、西方和其他地区之间的关系。Nyamnjoh的小说肯定,维持流动的世界主义边界将促进文化接触并产生世界主义机会,这将模糊定义和限制非洲领导人与非洲人之间以及非洲与西方或其他地区之间关系的美国/他们的二分法。从这一角度分析小说,肯定了Nyamnjoh对灵活的脚步和归属的灵活性的信念。这一视角突出了作者关于不完整性和欢愉性的信息概念,从而强调了在非洲人之间,以及非洲人与西方或其他地区之间,相互承认他者的他者性的重要性。本文认为,这确实可以成为全球共同的世界主义身份的最有力的特征和未来。
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引用次数: 0
Re-dissecting Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon from the Perspectives of Cognition, Translation and Reconfiguration of Culture 从文化认知、文化翻译与文化重构的角度重新剖析李安的《卧虎藏龙》
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.1940680
Junchen Zhang
ABSTRACT This article takes Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (CTHD in abbreviation) as an audiovisual translation discourse to explore its cognition, translation and reconfiguration of culture. It constructs an analytical framework that consists of three notions, namely cultural cognition, cultural translation and cultural reconfiguration. Within this framework, the three defined notions are used to guide the analysis of CTHD. The findings reveal that Ang Lee’s CTHD is featured by a diasporic/intercultural Chinese identity that is rooted in his cultural cognition of an imaginatively traditional China. He skillfully tells a Chinese romantic wuxia story that represents the conflicts and negotiations between Chinese classic culture and Western ideological values (e.g., feminism). English subtitle translation plays a role in bridging the gap between Chinese culture and Western audiences, facilitating the dialog between East and West. In short, the romantic imagination of “Cultural China” shaped by Ang Lee presents a multicultural embracement of Chinese and Western cultures, but it objectively reinforces the stereotype of China as an “other” to the Western world.
本文以李安的《卧虎藏龙》作为视听翻译话语,探讨其对文化的认知、翻译与重构。本文构建了一个由文化认知、文化翻译和文化重构三个概念组成的分析框架。在这个框架内,三个定义的概念被用来指导对CTHD的分析。研究结果表明,李安的《中华情结》具有一种流散/跨文化的中国身份认同,这种身份认同根植于他对一个富有想象力的传统中国的文化认知。他巧妙地讲述了一个中国浪漫武侠故事,代表了中国古典文化与西方意识形态价值观(如女权主义)的冲突与协商。英语字幕翻译在中西方观众之间架起了一座桥梁,促进了东西方之间的对话。总之,李安塑造的“文化中国”的浪漫想象呈现出中西文化的多元融合,但客观上强化了中国作为西方世界“他者”的刻板印象。
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引用次数: 0
Xu Yuanchong as a Touchstone for Ezra Pound’s Translation of Tang Poetry 徐渊冲是庞德翻译唐诗的试金石
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.1942603
Min-Hua Wu
ABSTRACT This study attempts to compare and contrast Pound’s Chinese-English translation with the translation rendered by Xu Yuanchong (1921-), winner of the “Aurora Borealis” Outstanding Literary Translation Award. This study endeavors not just to cast light on the dialectic nature of poetry translation, but it seeks to reveal what has been lost and what has been gained in the Poundian rendition. The new contribution of the current study lies, therefore, in its novel undertaking that employs Xu Yuanchong as a touchstone to examine the loss and gain in Pound’s literary translation, and Pound as another to sieve whatever sievable inasmuch as the esthetic essence of Tang poetry is concerned. It strives to unveil the cross-cultural esthetic transmigration of Tang poets in lending their lifetime character alchemy, a Chinese alchemy in which image rhymes with music, to the forging of the new in American Imagism during the era of Ezra Pound.
本研究试图将庞德的汉英译文与“北极光”杰出文学翻译奖得主徐渊冲(1921-)的译文进行比较和对比。本研究不仅试图揭示诗歌翻译的辩证法本质,而且试图揭示庞德翻译中失去的和得到的东西。因此,本研究的新贡献在于以徐渊充为试金石,考察庞德文学翻译的得失,以庞德为试金石,对唐诗的审美本质进行筛选。本文力图揭示唐代诗人的跨文化审美嬗变,以庞德时代美国意象主义新思潮的形成为背景,借鉴唐代诗人一生的人格炼金术——一种意象与音乐相融的中国炼金术。
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引用次数: 1
Hermeneutical translation of classics and cultures: the case of the I Ching and China’s inter-civilizational dialogue 经典与文化的诠释学翻译:以《易经》与中国文明间对话为例
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.1940465
Amrollah Hemmat
ABSTRACT Based on observations of strategies adopted in Western interpretation and translation of the Chinese classic I Ching, this paper draws parallels between such strategies and Western developments in hermeneutics philosophy. In relation to this parallelism, three approaches of Western encounters with Chinese ancient literature – “conservative,” “dialogical,” and “radical” – will be identified. Cultural manifestations of such developments in twentieth century poetry, music, and the arts will be discussed.
本文通过对西方解读和翻译中国经典《易经》所采用的策略的观察,探讨了这些策略与西方解释学哲学发展的相似之处。与这种平行关系相关,西方接触中国古代文学的三种方式——“保守”、“对话”和“激进”——将被确定。这种发展在二十世纪诗歌、音乐和艺术的文化表现形式将被讨论。
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引用次数: 1
An Intellectual Affinity Between Hašt Ketāb (Eight Books) by Sepehri and Fruits of the Earth by Gide Sepehri的《Hašt Ketāb(八本书)》和Gide的《地球的果实》之间的智力亲和力
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.1923367
Y. Kardgar
ABSTRACT Comparative study of literature across nations is an important part of literary research. In this regard, making a comparison between masterpieces and popular works is of special importance because such studies can reflect human mute eloquence and pave the way for global unity and the union of hearts. Using a descriptive, analytic, and comparative method, the present study aims to make a comparison between Fruits of the Earth by Andre Gide and Hašt Ketāb (Eight Books) by Sohrāb Sepehri as two seminal works that have aroused the interest of the audiences and received their approval. Gide and Sephri have a close affinity for highlighting human concerns. Their common tastes and interests including purity, naturalism, love for travel, satirical writing, scriptural tone, and ecstatic and melancholic reflections have made their resemblance more conspicuous, insomuch that the predominant ideology in Hašt Ketāb and Fruits of the Earth, apart from some trivial nuances, is identical. The significance of observation, rejecting preference, detachment, and living in the present moment (carpe diem) are the gist of the above-mentioned books, implying an affinity between Gide’s and Sepehri’s ideas.
跨国文学比较研究是文学研究的重要组成部分。在这方面,对名著和通俗作品进行比较是特别重要的,因为这样的研究可以反映人类无声的口才,为全球团结和心灵的结合铺平道路。本文采用描述、分析、比较的方法,对安德烈·纪德的《地球的果实》和Sohrāb塞佩赫里的《八本书》这两部引起观众兴趣并得到认可的开创性作品进行比较。Gide和Sephri在强调人类关注方面有着密切的联系。他们共同的品味和兴趣,包括纯洁,自然主义,热爱旅行,讽刺写作,圣经的语气,狂喜和忧郁的反思,使他们的相似之处更加明显,以至于Hašt Ketāb和《地球的果实》的主导思想,除了一些细微的差别,是相同的。观察的重要性、拒绝偏好、超然和活在当下(carpe diem)是上述两本书的主旨,暗示了纪德和塞佩赫里的思想之间的相似之处。
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引用次数: 0
The Chinese Wuxia Culture in Thailand: Dissemination and Influence 中国武侠文化在泰国的传播与影响
IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2021.1940679
Jianghua Han
ABSTRACT The spread of Chinese Wuxia culture in Thailand is mainly realized through the Thai translation of modern Chinese Wuxia novels and the screening of Chinese Wuxia film and TV series. Chinese Wuxia culture can be widely spread in Thailand and accepted and recognized by the Thai people, on the one hand, the cultural exchanges between China and Thailand have a long history and have similar cultural acceptance psychology; on the other hand, the ethical value advocated by Chinese Wuxia culture is in line with the Buddhist ethical values believed by the Thai people. After a long period of spreading in Thailand, the profound influence of Chinese Wuxia culture on Thai society is mainly manifested in the following two aspects: influencing the ethical and moral orientation of Thai society and promoting the emerging of Thai “Wuxia style” literary and native Thai Wuxia novels.
中国武侠文化在泰国的传播主要是通过中国现代武侠小说的泰语翻译和中国武侠影视剧的放映来实现的。中国武侠文化之所以能在泰国广泛传播并为泰国人民所接受和认可,一方面是因为中泰两国文化交流历史悠久,文化接受心理相似;另一方面,中国武侠文化所倡导的伦理价值与泰国人所信奉的佛教伦理价值是一致的。中国武侠文化在泰国经过长时间的传播,对泰国社会的深刻影响主要表现在以下两个方面:影响了泰国社会的伦理道德取向,促进了泰国“武侠风”文学和泰国本土武侠小说的出现。
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引用次数: 1
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Comparative Literature East West
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