Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.556
Abdollah Hosseini, Zahra Izadi
From the mythological point of view, the hero of a literary text is an archetype in the collective unconscious who embodies the collective ideals of a culture while searching for his/her individual identity at the narrative level. In his seminal The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), Joseph Campbell addresses the archetypal function of the hero in three main stages: departure, initiation, and return. Drawing on Campbell’s model, this study examines the journey of the hero in the second storyline of The Seventh Day of Creation, i.e., Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh. Sirah al-Zatiyeh is a sequence to another study by same authors that examined the first storyline of the novel (Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh) with regard to the author’s personality and individuation. Proceeding from the analysis of Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh, this study considers Mutlaq as an antihero based on Campbell’s model and identifies a Hegelian dialectic relationship between the two storylines of the novel. Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh and Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh, which respectively represent the individual code and the social code, are designed to showcase an ideal Iraqi society. More precisely, highlighting the opposition in the two main parts of the narrative points at the movement and dynamism desired by the author for changing the future of the country.
{"title":"Anti-hero in The Seventh Day of Creation: A Campbellian Reading","authors":"Abdollah Hosseini, Zahra Izadi","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.556","url":null,"abstract":"From the mythological point of view, the hero of a literary text is an archetype in the collective unconscious who embodies the collective ideals of a culture while searching for his/her individual identity at the narrative level. In his seminal The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), Joseph Campbell addresses the archetypal function of the hero in three main stages: departure, initiation, and return. Drawing on Campbell’s model, this study examines the journey of the hero in the second storyline of The Seventh Day of Creation, i.e., Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh. Sirah al-Zatiyeh is a sequence to another study by same authors that examined the first storyline of the novel (Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh) with regard to the author’s personality and individuation. Proceeding from the analysis of Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh, this study considers Mutlaq as an antihero based on Campbell’s model and identifies a Hegelian dialectic relationship between the two storylines of the novel. Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh and Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh, which respectively represent the individual code and the social code, are designed to showcase an ideal Iraqi society. More precisely, highlighting the opposition in the two main parts of the narrative points at the movement and dynamism desired by the author for changing the future of the country.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.554
Khaled Hasan Abu-Abbas
An Optimality Theoretic approach to assimilation is proposed where all assimilation processes result from the interaction of a single syntagmatic markedness constraint that requires sequences of sounds to AGREE in all feature specifications with a variety of faithfulness constraints that seek to IDENT input feature specifications. Assimilation or the lack of it is the residue of AGREE after satisfaction of higher ranked IDENT constraints. AGREE is analyzed as a single gradient constraint rather than a set of categorical constraints each obligating agreement in a specific feature. The study concludes that a gradient interpretation of AGREE is theoretically appropriate since it meets the general principle of economy in the structure of our language faculty and also supports the general move towards convergence rather than divergence in linguistic analysis. The outcomes of the study also prove to be practically appropriate in handling various assimilation processes from different languages.
{"title":"Assimilation as the Residue of AGREE","authors":"Khaled Hasan Abu-Abbas","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.554","url":null,"abstract":"An Optimality Theoretic approach to assimilation is proposed where all assimilation processes result from the interaction of a single syntagmatic markedness constraint that requires sequences of sounds to AGREE in all feature specifications with a variety of faithfulness constraints that seek to IDENT input feature specifications. Assimilation or the lack of it is the residue of AGREE after satisfaction of higher ranked IDENT constraints. AGREE is analyzed as a single gradient constraint rather than a set of categorical constraints each obligating agreement in a specific feature. The study concludes that a gradient interpretation of AGREE is theoretically appropriate since it meets the general principle of economy in the structure of our language faculty and also supports the general move towards convergence rather than divergence in linguistic analysis. The outcomes of the study also prove to be practically appropriate in handling various assimilation processes from different languages.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.559
Hanan Ali Amaireh
This study is a critical discourse analysis of news coverage of the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis as reported by Al Jazeera English. In this corpus-based study, 50 news reports were analysed using Van Dijk’s ‘ideological square’ as the theoretical framework. The findings suggest that the Al Jazeera reporters reflected their personal ideology in their lexical choices, or lexicalisation, displaying either a positive or negative stance towards the crisis, with Palestinians being the ‘in-group’ and Israelis the ‘out-group’. The news reporters also framed the Palestinians—‘us’—as the innocent victims of colonisation, while the ‘other’ Israelis were negatively represented as victimisers, racists, and colonisers through an emphasis on syntactic agency. One key observation is that the Al Jazeera reporters emphasised the Palestinian narrative while also radiating personal feelings and attitudes towards the crisis. At the same time, the Israelis were silenced and derogatorily portrayed
{"title":"A Critical Discourse Analysis of Al Jazeera’s Reporting of the 2021 Israel-Palestine Crisis","authors":"Hanan Ali Amaireh","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.559","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a critical discourse analysis of news coverage of the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis as reported by Al Jazeera English. In this corpus-based study, 50 news reports were analysed using Van Dijk’s ‘ideological square’ as the theoretical framework. The findings suggest that the Al Jazeera reporters reflected their personal ideology in their lexical choices, or lexicalisation, displaying either a positive or negative stance towards the crisis, with Palestinians being the ‘in-group’ and Israelis the ‘out-group’. The news reporters also framed the Palestinians—‘us’—as the innocent victims of colonisation, while the ‘other’ Israelis were negatively represented as victimisers, racists, and colonisers through an emphasis on syntactic agency. One key observation is that the Al Jazeera reporters emphasised the Palestinian narrative while also radiating personal feelings and attitudes towards the crisis. At the same time, the Israelis were silenced and derogatorily portrayed","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"468 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.565
Muassomah Muassomah
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact not only on public health but also on language dynamics, including the Arabic language. Arabic has witnessed a rapid expansion of its vocabulary in relation to COVID-19. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the newly added vocabulary and examine how these terms have been assimilated from English into Arabic. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the “Dictionary of COVID-19 Terms (English-French-Arabic)” as its primary resource. The data analysed in this study consist of entries pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic found within the aforementioned dictionary. The analysis incorporates content analysis, as well as phonological and morphological analysis. The findings of this investigation reveal the presence of four distinct absorption strategies employed in the dictionary: adoption, adaptation, translation, and creation. Among these strategies, the translation strategy is found to dominate the process of absorbing English terms into Arabic, accounting for approximately 68% of the observed cases. This research ultimately concludes that language is an ever-evolving entity, constantly adapting alongside the societal and cultural developments it reflects.
{"title":"Language of COVID-19: Language Absorption in the Pandemic Vocabulary from English to Arabic","authors":"Muassomah Muassomah","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.565","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact not only on public health but also on language dynamics, including the Arabic language. Arabic has witnessed a rapid expansion of its vocabulary in relation to COVID-19. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the newly added vocabulary and examine how these terms have been assimilated from English into Arabic. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the “Dictionary of COVID-19 Terms (English-French-Arabic)” as its primary resource. The data analysed in this study consist of entries pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic found within the aforementioned dictionary. The analysis incorporates content analysis, as well as phonological and morphological analysis. The findings of this investigation reveal the presence of four distinct absorption strategies employed in the dictionary: adoption, adaptation, translation, and creation. Among these strategies, the translation strategy is found to dominate the process of absorbing English terms into Arabic, accounting for approximately 68% of the observed cases. This research ultimately concludes that language is an ever-evolving entity, constantly adapting alongside the societal and cultural developments it reflects.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.567
Areej Albawardi
This paper argues that there are some phonological, morphological and semantic spoken features that are faithfully transmitted to written texts in written interactions via social media. The study adopts a mixed methods approach to detect whether there is a match between the spoken Qassimi Saudi Dialect and its written counterpart. The data for this study comes from WhatsApp textual chats exchanged between 103 Qassimi Saudi speakers. In addition to the linguistic analysis of chats, an online questionnaire was employed to examine the perception of Qassimi as well as non-Qassimi Saudi speakers on whether words elicited from the data are from the Qassimi dialect or not. The findings indicate that some spoken features of Qassimi Arabic have been found in the written digitally-mediated communications of Qassimi speakers. Qassimi Dialect spoken features are found at the phonological, morphosyntactic and semantic levels. The findings of this study have a number of practical and methodological implications for linguists and dialecticians
{"title":"Detecting Qassimi Saudi Dialect in Saudi Digitally-mediated Communication: A Linguistic Perspective","authors":"Areej Albawardi","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.567","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that there are some phonological, morphological and semantic spoken features that are faithfully transmitted to written texts in written interactions via social media. The study adopts a mixed methods approach to detect whether there is a match between the spoken Qassimi Saudi Dialect and its written counterpart. The data for this study comes from WhatsApp textual chats exchanged between 103 Qassimi Saudi speakers. In addition to the linguistic analysis of chats, an online questionnaire was employed to examine the perception of Qassimi as well as non-Qassimi Saudi speakers on whether words elicited from the data are from the Qassimi dialect or not. The findings indicate that some spoken features of Qassimi Arabic have been found in the written digitally-mediated communications of Qassimi speakers. Qassimi Dialect spoken features are found at the phonological, morphosyntactic and semantic levels. The findings of this study have a number of practical and methodological implications for linguists and dialecticians","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.566
Iman El Sayed Raslan
Literary psychogeography is one of the concepts that deals with the impact of certain geographical places on the human psyche. It is an interdisciplinary approach that connects psychology, geography, and literature. The aim of this research paper is to examine the theory of literary psychogeography on Leila Aboulela’s fifth novel, Bird Summons (2019) within the theoretical framework of Catherina Loffler. It deals with three female heroines who have decided to go on a road trip to the Scottish Highlands to visit the grave of Lady Evelyn Cobbold. Aboulela explores the three women’s struggle with their personal choices and commitments in life. She skilfully deals with their psychologies, their lost dreams, nostalgia, and their heroic metamorphosis. The women’s psychogeographical voyages at the forest along with their nostalgia lead to their physical metamorphosis to experience heroic transformation of their souls to achieve self-actualization in life.
{"title":"Psychogeography, Nostalgia and Heroic Metamorphosis in Leila Aboulela’s Bird Summons","authors":"Iman El Sayed Raslan","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.566","url":null,"abstract":"Literary psychogeography is one of the concepts that deals with the impact of certain geographical places on the human psyche. It is an interdisciplinary approach that connects psychology, geography, and literature. The aim of this research paper is to examine the theory of literary psychogeography on Leila Aboulela’s fifth novel, Bird Summons (2019) within the theoretical framework of Catherina Loffler. It deals with three female heroines who have decided to go on a road trip to the Scottish Highlands to visit the grave of Lady Evelyn Cobbold. Aboulela explores the three women’s struggle with their personal choices and commitments in life. She skilfully deals with their psychologies, their lost dreams, nostalgia, and their heroic metamorphosis. The women’s psychogeographical voyages at the forest along with their nostalgia lead to their physical metamorphosis to experience heroic transformation of their souls to achieve self-actualization in life.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.555
Hanan K. Al-Jezawi, Mohammad A. Al-Abdulrazaq, Mahmoud Ali Rababah, Arwa H. Aldoory
For centuries, poems and songs have been utilized to criticize oppressive and violent regimes, eliciting emotions and aiding the public in coping with hegemony. Rap and hip-hop, blending poetry and music, have emerged as powerful tools for combating oppression and marginalization. Despite the misconception that loud, aggressive music may incite violence, recent research disproves this notion. This study employs Sigmund and Anna Freud's psychoanalytic theory, focusing on defense mechanisms and free association, to analyze data. The study reveals that poets and artists across cultures, including Arabic culture, have employed rap and hip-hop as a means of cultural resistance, fostering a collective identity among young individuals to enhance their understanding of themselves and their culture. The study argues that rap and hip-hop serve as peaceful tools of resistance and function as a therapeutic outlet for managing anger, contrary to claims by some critical theorists that they stimulate violence in society.
{"title":"Art Voicing Peaceful Protest: Hip-Hop and Rap in the American and Arabic Cultures","authors":"Hanan K. Al-Jezawi, Mohammad A. Al-Abdulrazaq, Mahmoud Ali Rababah, Arwa H. Aldoory","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.555","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, poems and songs have been utilized to criticize oppressive and violent regimes, eliciting emotions and aiding the public in coping with hegemony. Rap and hip-hop, blending poetry and music, have emerged as powerful tools for combating oppression and marginalization. Despite the misconception that loud, aggressive music may incite violence, recent research disproves this notion. This study employs Sigmund and Anna Freud's psychoanalytic theory, focusing on defense mechanisms and free association, to analyze data. The study reveals that poets and artists across cultures, including Arabic culture, have employed rap and hip-hop as a means of cultural resistance, fostering a collective identity among young individuals to enhance their understanding of themselves and their culture. The study argues that rap and hip-hop serve as peaceful tools of resistance and function as a therapeutic outlet for managing anger, contrary to claims by some critical theorists that they stimulate violence in society.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.564
Raeda Mofid George Ammari, Yazan Shaker Al-Mahameed, Khaleel Bader Al Bataineh, Wajed Rasmi Al Ahmad
The current study aims at investigating congratulation methods by Jordanian users of social media. The study also investigates the influence of culture on speech acts of congratulation. The researchers compiled a corpus consisting of (400) messages and comments from two major social media, Facebook and WhatsApp. The data were obtained from friends' and relatives' comments regarding four occasions: religious events, graduation from (school/ university), having a baby, and getting married. They were decoded and analyzed according to Elwood’s (2004) proposed taxonomy of congratulation strategies. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used strategies of congratulation were illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), the offer of good wishes, and expression of happiness combined with using the word “Allah” (God) and prayer for the benefit of the addressee due to cultural and religious background. Culture played a significant role in the results where the religious factor was evident in the majority of employed IFID.
{"title":"Congratulation! A Case Study of Social Media Users in Jordan","authors":"Raeda Mofid George Ammari, Yazan Shaker Al-Mahameed, Khaleel Bader Al Bataineh, Wajed Rasmi Al Ahmad","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.564","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims at investigating congratulation methods by Jordanian users of social media. The study also investigates the influence of culture on speech acts of congratulation. The researchers compiled a corpus consisting of (400) messages and comments from two major social media, Facebook and WhatsApp. The data were obtained from friends' and relatives' comments regarding four occasions: religious events, graduation from (school/ university), having a baby, and getting married. They were decoded and analyzed according to Elwood’s (2004) proposed taxonomy of congratulation strategies. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used strategies of congratulation were illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), the offer of good wishes, and expression of happiness combined with using the word “Allah” (God) and prayer for the benefit of the addressee due to cultural and religious background. Culture played a significant role in the results where the religious factor was evident in the majority of employed IFID.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.549
Motasim Almwajeh, Luqman M Rababah
This article explores a selection of Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry and Samuel Beckett’s Murphy (1938) as postcolonial texts which are rich with postcolonial undertones. Beckett and Darwish articulate a counter-discursive rhetoric that undermines any hierarchically installed oppressive structures. Although political classifications and restrictions limit many neutral inquiries of such texts and hinder objective scholarship on Irish and Palestinian literature, many academic studies on Irish and Palestinian forms of literature have emerged. Counteracting hubristic structures, this paper tackles works from Ireland and Palestine as predominantly imbued with postcolonial implications. The research brings these authors from far-flung parts of the world to address postcolonial manifestations in Ireland and Palestine. Despite their convergences and divergences, texts from both perspectives must be used to critique structures and forces of colonialism in order to further contextualize them within the postcolonial realm. Reading Beckett alongside Darwish helped to solidify the idea that colonialism employs the same discourse regardless of place or time. It also demonstrates that oppressed people tend to employ comparable dissent mechanisms. Much like the speakers of Darwish’s Unfortunately, It Was Paradise, Leaves of Olives, “Mural,” and “My Mother” are always caught up in subordinate power relations, the eponymous protagonist of Murphy is degraded as an inferior other; one who is disenfranchised and excluded both inside and outside Ireland. Both authors refute stereotypes and stigmatization and offer a dissenting paradigm blurring power-based divisions to the status quo that renders the Palestinians and Irish as inferior to others.
{"title":"Physically Exiled, Spiritually Returning: A Comparative Reading of Beckett’s Murphy and a Selection of Poems by Darwish","authors":"Motasim Almwajeh, Luqman M Rababah","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.549","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores a selection of Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry and Samuel Beckett’s Murphy (1938) as postcolonial texts which are rich with postcolonial undertones. Beckett and Darwish articulate a counter-discursive rhetoric that undermines any hierarchically installed oppressive structures. Although political classifications and restrictions limit many neutral inquiries of such texts and hinder objective scholarship on Irish and Palestinian literature, many academic studies on Irish and Palestinian forms of literature have emerged. Counteracting hubristic structures, this paper tackles works from Ireland and Palestine as predominantly imbued with postcolonial implications. The research brings these authors from far-flung parts of the world to address postcolonial manifestations in Ireland and Palestine. Despite their convergences and divergences, texts from both perspectives must be used to critique structures and forces of colonialism in order to further contextualize them within the postcolonial realm. Reading Beckett alongside Darwish helped to solidify the idea that colonialism employs the same discourse regardless of place or time. It also demonstrates that oppressed people tend to employ comparable dissent mechanisms. Much like the speakers of Darwish’s Unfortunately, It Was Paradise, Leaves of Olives, “Mural,” and “My Mother” are always caught up in subordinate power relations, the eponymous protagonist of Murphy is degraded as an inferior other; one who is disenfranchised and excluded both inside and outside Ireland. Both authors refute stereotypes and stigmatization and offer a dissenting paradigm blurring power-based divisions to the status quo that renders the Palestinians and Irish as inferior to others.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.557
Imad M. Khawaldeh, Baker M. Bani-Khair
This paper examines how Kenyan novelist and playwright Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Zimbabwean playwright Micere Githae-Mugo have embarked on a dramatic counter-discursive project through their play The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976). The researchers argue that the play was intended to subvert the many colonial historical accounts about the figure of Kimathi and the Mau Mau revolutionary anticolonial movement. Drawing upon post-colonial criticism, this paper demonstrates how the playwrights use the heroic fictional character of Kimathi to counteract several historical and fictional colonial and contemporary postcolonial accounts about this controversial freedom fighter. Then, the paper goes on to examine the role of Ian Henderson (the British colonial police officer who participated in the manhunt for Kimathi and succeeded in capturing him in 1957) as a fictional character in the play. While many studies have demonstrated that The Trial of Dedan Kimathi re-writes the colonial history about Kimathi and the Mau Mau movement in Kenya, which was maintained by Ian Henderson and many other colonial writers, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge; previous studies have not presented a comparative examination of both figures of Henderson, i.e., the historical figure and the fictional one. Here, the researchers explain how through the inclusion of the character of Henderson as the antagonist of the play, the dramatists subvert Henderson’s actual written accounts about Kimathi and the Kenyan national movement.
{"title":"Post-colonial Counter-memory in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi: (Re)membering the Demonized Hero and Subverting the Colonial Discourse","authors":"Imad M. Khawaldeh, Baker M. Bani-Khair","doi":"10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how Kenyan novelist and playwright Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Zimbabwean playwright Micere Githae-Mugo have embarked on a dramatic counter-discursive project through their play The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976). The researchers argue that the play was intended to subvert the many colonial historical accounts about the figure of Kimathi and the Mau Mau revolutionary anticolonial movement. Drawing upon post-colonial criticism, this paper demonstrates how the playwrights use the heroic fictional character of Kimathi to counteract several historical and fictional colonial and contemporary postcolonial accounts about this controversial freedom fighter. Then, the paper goes on to examine the role of Ian Henderson (the British colonial police officer who participated in the manhunt for Kimathi and succeeded in capturing him in 1957) as a fictional character in the play. While many studies have demonstrated that The Trial of Dedan Kimathi re-writes the colonial history about Kimathi and the Mau Mau movement in Kenya, which was maintained by Ian Henderson and many other colonial writers, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge; previous studies have not presented a comparative examination of both figures of Henderson, i.e., the historical figure and the fictional one. Here, the researchers explain how through the inclusion of the character of Henderson as the antagonist of the play, the dramatists subvert Henderson’s actual written accounts about Kimathi and the Kenyan national movement.","PeriodicalId":37677,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Arabic-English Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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