Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102530
Lei Zhang
This is a perspective on how energetic materials can learn—and teach. What began as a search for high-energy-density structure and high stability has grown into a dialogue among matter, models, and machines. Along this path, the ideas of dual aromaticity, multiscale thinking, and intelligent design converged into a single loop: letting materials guide their own discovery. This piece reflects on that journey and argues for a more reciprocal relationship between science and matter itself.
{"title":"Matter that learns: A closed-AI-loop journey in energetic materials","authors":"Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This is a perspective on how energetic materials can learn—and teach. What began as a search for high-energy-density structure and high stability has grown into a dialogue among matter, models, and machines. Along this path, the ideas of dual aromaticity, multiscale thinking, and intelligent design converged into a single loop: letting materials guide their own discovery. This piece reflects on that journey and argues for a more reciprocal relationship between science and matter itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102530"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102480
Xinran Li , Cong Liu , Xiangkun Elvis Cao , Yang-Fan Xu , Xiangdong Yao
Hydrogen is considered a clean energy source that could replace fossil fuels in a future carbon-neutral society. However, persistent challenges associated with low hydrogen storage density and significant energy consumption inherent in conventional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage remain. To this end, chemical hydrogen storage has emerged as a viable alternative. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved by incorporating renewable and potent light energy into hydrogen uptake and release processes, indicating a promising avenue for addressing the global energy crisis and enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen storage processes. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in material design and their applications in various light-driven photothermochemical hydrogen storage systems. The roles and mechanisms of these materials are discussed in detail to underscore the recent progress. Ultimately, this paper aims to highlight existing challenges and propose future directions for research and application in light-advanced hydrogen storage.
{"title":"Powering chemical hydrogen storage with photothermochemical catalysis","authors":"Xinran Li , Cong Liu , Xiangkun Elvis Cao , Yang-Fan Xu , Xiangdong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is considered a clean energy source that could replace fossil fuels in a future carbon-neutral society. However, persistent challenges associated with low hydrogen storage density and significant energy consumption inherent in conventional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage remain. To this end, chemical hydrogen storage has emerged as a viable alternative. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved by incorporating renewable and potent light energy into hydrogen uptake and release processes, indicating a promising avenue for addressing the global energy crisis and enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen storage processes. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in material design and their applications in various light-driven photothermochemical hydrogen storage systems. The roles and mechanisms of these materials are discussed in detail to underscore the recent progress. Ultimately, this paper aims to highlight existing challenges and propose future directions for research and application in light-advanced hydrogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102480"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102380
Kehao Tao , Jiacong Li , Wei He , An Chen , Yanqiang Han , Feiming Huang , Fuqiang Huang , Jinjin Li
Crystal graph convolutional neural networks (CGCNNs) pioneered data-efficient property prediction by representing crystals as graphs. However, aggregating messages only between nearest-neighbor atoms makes their receptive field size limited, preventing it from capturing the long-range atomic correlations that govern ion transport in disordered lattices. We introduce CGformer, a transformer-enhanced crystal graph network whose global attention spans all atom-bond interactions, enabling accurate property prediction while excelling in complex lattices. We deployed CGformer on high-entropy Na-ion solid-state electrolytes (HE-NSEs), achieving a 25% reduction in mean absolute error compared to that with CGCNNs. We coupled CGformer with unsupervised clustering to scan 148,995 Na super ionic conductor-type (NASICON-type) dopants and pinpoint 18 compositions. Six top-ranked HE-NSEs were synthesized and verified, revealing room temperature conductivities up to 0.256 mS cm−1 and activation energies as low as 0.235 eV, surpassing the undoped analog. CGformer provides a transferable framework that can be extended to other advanced materials, including lithium electrode materials, multivalent-ion conductors, and thermoelectric materials.
晶体图卷积神经网络（CGCNNs）通过将晶体表示为图形，开创了数据高效的属性预测。然而，仅在最近邻的原子之间聚集信息会限制它们的接受场大小，从而阻止它捕获控制无序晶格中离子传输的远程原子相关性。我们介绍了CGformer，这是一种变压器增强的晶体图网络，其全局关注涵盖所有原子键相互作用，在复杂晶格方面表现出色的同时，能够准确预测属性。我们将CGformer部署在高熵na离子固态电解质（HE-NSEs）上，与cgcnn相比，平均绝对误差降低了25%。我们将CGformer与无监督聚类相结合，扫描了148,995种Na超离子导体型（nasicon型）掺杂剂，并确定了18种成分。合成并验证了6个顶级he - nse，室温电导率高达0.256 mS cm−1，活化能低至0.235 eV，超过了未掺杂的模拟物。CGformer提供了一个可转移的框架，可以扩展到其他先进材料，包括锂电极材料，多价离子导体和热电材料。
{"title":"CGformer: Transformer-enhanced crystal graph network with global attention for material property prediction","authors":"Kehao Tao , Jiacong Li , Wei He , An Chen , Yanqiang Han , Feiming Huang , Fuqiang Huang , Jinjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal graph convolutional neural networks (CGCNNs) pioneered data-efficient property prediction by representing crystals as graphs. However, aggregating messages only between nearest-neighbor atoms makes their receptive field size limited, preventing it from capturing the long-range atomic correlations that govern ion transport in disordered lattices. We introduce CGformer, a transformer-enhanced crystal graph network whose global attention spans all atom-bond interactions, enabling accurate property prediction while excelling in complex lattices. We deployed CGformer on high-entropy Na-ion solid-state electrolytes (HE-NSEs), achieving a 25% reduction in mean absolute error compared to that with CGCNNs. We coupled CGformer with unsupervised clustering to scan 148,995 Na super ionic conductor-type (NASICON-type) dopants and pinpoint 18 compositions. Six top-ranked HE-NSEs were synthesized and verified, revealing room temperature conductivities up to 0.256 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> and activation energies as low as 0.235 eV, surpassing the undoped analog. CGformer provides a transferable framework that can be extended to other advanced materials, including lithium electrode materials, multivalent-ion conductors, and thermoelectric materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102380"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102515
Feifei Lin , Heming Xu , Weiwei Zhao , Shujuan Liu , Qiang Zhao
Three-dimensional conformal electronics have garnered significant interest in biomedical devices, the Internet of Things, and aerospace applications. However, wrapping thin-film electronic devices onto three-dimensional surfaces can lead to residual stress and device failure. In this preview, we highlight a droplet-printing strategy that leverages lubricating interfaces for damage-free wrapping and controls the behavior of the three-phase contact line to achieve precise printing.
{"title":"Dynamic lubricating interfaces for three-dimensional conformal wrapping of thin-film electronic devices","authors":"Feifei Lin , Heming Xu , Weiwei Zhao , Shujuan Liu , Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional conformal electronics have garnered significant interest in biomedical devices, the Internet of Things, and aerospace applications. However, wrapping thin-film electronic devices onto three-dimensional surfaces can lead to residual stress and device failure. In this preview, we highlight a droplet-printing strategy that leverages lubricating interfaces for damage-free wrapping and controls the behavior of the three-phase contact line to achieve precise printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102515"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102370
Shuting Liu , Yufei An , Haoran Zhang , Wei Li , Jianle Zhuang , Chaofan Hu , Yingliang Liu , Bingfu Lei , Rui Zou , Xuejie Zhang
Plant-based lighting holds significant potential across various fields, including architecture and urban planning. However, manipulating luminescence color and intensity in plants has been challenging. Traditional genetic engineering approaches are constrained by the limited diversity of bioluminescent genes. Material-engineered plants often have poor optical performance due to increased surface defects in nanoparticles, and particle transport is further limited by the spatially resolved physics of plants. To address these challenges, we innovatively introduced micron-sized afterglow particles (>5 μm) into Echeveria ‘Mebina’. This succulent’s compact microstructure and abundant intercellular spaces facilitate efficient transport of larger particles, resulting in uniform, enhanced, multicolor luminescence. This approach surpasses the traditional trade-off between particle size and luminescence performance, producing brightly luminescent plants with sunlight recharging and, for the first time, enabling successful development of multicolor luminescent plants. The process is straightforward and cost-effective and achieves luminescence within 10 min, paving the way for practical applications in plant-based lighting.
{"title":"Sunlight-powered multicolor and uniform luminescence in material-engineered living plants","authors":"Shuting Liu , Yufei An , Haoran Zhang , Wei Li , Jianle Zhuang , Chaofan Hu , Yingliang Liu , Bingfu Lei , Rui Zou , Xuejie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-based lighting holds significant potential across various fields, including architecture and urban planning. However, manipulating luminescence color and intensity in plants has been challenging. Traditional genetic engineering approaches are constrained by the limited diversity of bioluminescent genes. Material-engineered plants often have poor optical performance due to increased surface defects in nanoparticles, and particle transport is further limited by the spatially resolved physics of plants. To address these challenges, we innovatively introduced micron-sized afterglow particles (>5 μm) into <em>Echeveria</em> ‘Mebina’. This succulent’s compact microstructure and abundant intercellular spaces facilitate efficient transport of larger particles, resulting in uniform, enhanced, multicolor luminescence. This approach surpasses the traditional trade-off between particle size and luminescence performance, producing brightly luminescent plants with sunlight recharging and, for the first time, enabling successful development of multicolor luminescent plants. The process is straightforward and cost-effective and achieves luminescence within 10 min, paving the way for practical applications in plant-based lighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102370"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102322
Zejian Liu , Jing Gu , Gongqi Liu , Yufeng Wu , Shaonan Tian , Jun Yang , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen
Spent lithium batteries (S-LIBs) are crucial for decoupling energy-metal demands from natural mineral extraction, with hydrometallurgy being the main lithium recovery method. However, spent slag management remains unexplored. We present a rapid (>99%) metal recovery technique using Joule-heating-induced high-temperature shock (HTS), converting spent LiMn2O4 and ferrophosphorus slag into LiMnFePO4 in 1 s, defying traditional cathode synthesis. This achieves unprecedented material conversion efficiency, with exceptional energy density (579 Wh kg−1) and cycling stability (87% capacity retention after 1,000 cycles). Compared with direct recycling or hydrometallurgy, multi-waste recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. A continuous industrial-grade HTS platform integrates smart manufacturing, accelerating LIB regeneration and production. This work establishes an efficient framework for sustainable closed-loop LIB recycling systems.
{"title":"High-performance phosphate cathode from revitalizing spent battery slag via Joule heating","authors":"Zejian Liu , Jing Gu , Gongqi Liu , Yufeng Wu , Shaonan Tian , Jun Yang , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spent lithium batteries (S-LIBs) are crucial for decoupling energy-metal demands from natural mineral extraction, with hydrometallurgy being the main lithium recovery method. However, spent slag management remains unexplored. We present a rapid (>99%) metal recovery technique using Joule-heating-induced high-temperature shock (HTS), converting spent LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and ferrophosphorus slag into LiMnFePO<sub>4</sub> in 1 s, defying traditional cathode synthesis. This achieves unprecedented material conversion efficiency, with exceptional energy density (579 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>) and cycling stability (87% capacity retention after 1,000 cycles). Compared with direct recycling or hydrometallurgy, multi-waste recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. A continuous industrial-grade HTS platform integrates smart manufacturing, accelerating LIB regeneration and production. This work establishes an efficient framework for sustainable closed-loop LIB recycling systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102363
Yan Du , Penghui Shen , Houfang Liu , Zhiwei Zhang , Feiyao Yang , Daping Chu , Tianling Ren , Zhong Lin Wang , Di Wei
Tele-perception is essential for embodied artificial intelligence, enabling adaptive systems and real-time human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, conventional electret-based systems suffer rapid charge dissipation, limiting the range to under 1 m and reducing stability in dynamic environments. Here, we propose a meta-structured heterointerface with a nano-architectured electret skin (NAES). It integrates a charge transport layer (CTL) for dynamic redistribution and a charge blocking layer (CBL) for electrostatic trapping, enabling bulk charge retention instead of surface-confined charge. This architecture achieves a 3-m sensing range with high sensitivity, ΔV/Δd = 21.8, significantly outperforming traditional systems. Signal processing algorithms decouple electrostatic responses from humidity and Gaussian noise, ensuring robust, adaptive perception. The system replaces the conventional “approach→touch→interact” sequence with a closed-loop “tele-perception→interact” model. This work establishes a universal charge-trapping paradigm with broad implications for remote control, neuromorphic computing, and real-world applications of embodied intelligence systems.
{"title":"Meta-structured electret heterointerface for resilient and adaptive tele-perception in embodied intelligence","authors":"Yan Du , Penghui Shen , Houfang Liu , Zhiwei Zhang , Feiyao Yang , Daping Chu , Tianling Ren , Zhong Lin Wang , Di Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tele-perception is essential for embodied artificial intelligence, enabling adaptive systems and real-time human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, conventional electret-based systems suffer rapid charge dissipation, limiting the range to under 1 m and reducing stability in dynamic environments. Here, we propose a meta-structured heterointerface with a nano-architectured electret skin (NAES). It integrates a charge transport layer (CTL) for dynamic redistribution and a charge blocking layer (CBL) for electrostatic trapping, enabling bulk charge retention instead of surface-confined charge. This architecture achieves a 3-m sensing range with high sensitivity, ΔV/Δd = 21.8, significantly outperforming traditional systems. Signal processing algorithms decouple electrostatic responses from humidity and Gaussian noise, ensuring robust, adaptive perception. The system replaces the conventional “approach→touch→interact” sequence with a closed-loop “tele-perception→interact” model. This work establishes a universal charge-trapping paradigm with broad implications for remote control, neuromorphic computing, and real-world applications of embodied intelligence systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102363"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102514
Steve Cranford
{"title":"Unknowium, beyond the banana, and AI discovery in materials science","authors":"Steve Cranford","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102514"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102535
Hao Chen (陈浩) , Yurong Fan (樊煜熔) , Xiangjun Liu (刘向军) , Jingchong Liu (刘敬崇) , Cunhai Wang (王存海)
Conventional super-white coatings often conflict with architectural aesthetics and can exacerbate urban glare and heat trapping. Fu et al.1 introduce photoluminescence-based aesthetic composites that harness rare-earth-doped phosphors to convert incident sunlight into longer-wavelength emissions, achieving vivid, angle-insensitive colors while maintaining high cooling performance. This opens promising avenues for scalable, visually appealing, and energy-efficient building skins that can enhance both environmental sustainability and urban livability.
传统的超白涂料往往与建筑美学相冲突，并可能加剧城市眩光和热量捕获。Fu et al.1介绍了基于光致发光的美学复合材料，该复合材料利用稀土掺杂荧光粉将入射阳光转换为更长的波长，在保持高冷却性能的同时实现生动，角度不敏感的颜色。这为可扩展、具有视觉吸引力和节能的建筑表皮开辟了有希望的道路，可以增强环境可持续性和城市宜居性。
{"title":"Color films, cool cities","authors":"Hao Chen (陈浩) , Yurong Fan (樊煜熔) , Xiangjun Liu (刘向军) , Jingchong Liu (刘敬崇) , Cunhai Wang (王存海)","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional super-white coatings often conflict with architectural aesthetics and can exacerbate urban glare and heat trapping. Fu et al.<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> introduce photoluminescence-based aesthetic composites that harness rare-earth-doped phosphors to convert incident sunlight into longer-wavelength emissions, achieving vivid, angle-insensitive colors while maintaining high cooling performance. This opens promising avenues for scalable, visually appealing, and energy-efficient building skins that can enhance both environmental sustainability and urban livability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102535"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102335
Chenghai Li , Kai Qian , Fangchen Zhao , Nicholas Boechler , Shengqiang Cai
Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials (MLMs) convert forces into light, offering great potential for stress sensing, optical signaling, and energy transduction. Among them, ZnS/polydimethylsiloxane composites have gained wide attention due to their exceptional stretchability, repeatability, and rate-dependent brightness. However, their rate dependence requires fast loading to generate observable light, limiting their applicability in slow-loading scenarios. Here, we propose an MLM design that leverages snap-through buckling to amplify the local strain rate in MLMs. Due to the incorporation of this mechanism, our MLMs exhibit high sensitivity and brightness in response to slow external loading, maintaining enhanced ML performance over 3,000 cycles. Finally, we showcase proof-of-concept applications of MLMs for mechanically reprogrammable information storage and optical display. In darkness, encoded information is displayed through luminescent patterns without requiring any electronics. Our study offers useful insights into designing mechanoresponsive systems by integrating architectural designs with responsive materials for expanded capabilities.
{"title":"Amplified sensitivity of rate-dependent mechanoluminescent metamaterials","authors":"Chenghai Li , Kai Qian , Fangchen Zhao , Nicholas Boechler , Shengqiang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials (MLMs) convert forces into light, offering great potential for stress sensing, optical signaling, and energy transduction. Among them, ZnS/polydimethylsiloxane composites have gained wide attention due to their exceptional stretchability, repeatability, and rate-dependent brightness. However, their rate dependence requires fast loading to generate observable light, limiting their applicability in slow-loading scenarios. Here, we propose an MLM design that leverages snap-through buckling to amplify the local strain rate in MLMs. Due to the incorporation of this mechanism, our MLMs exhibit high sensitivity and brightness in response to slow external loading, maintaining enhanced ML performance over 3,000 cycles. Finally, we showcase proof-of-concept applications of MLMs for mechanically reprogrammable information storage and optical display. In darkness, encoded information is displayed through luminescent patterns without requiring any electronics. Our study offers useful insights into designing mechanoresponsive systems by integrating architectural designs with responsive materials for expanded capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102335"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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