Daniel Calegari, Andrea Delgado, Alexis Artus, Andrés Borges
Organizations require a unified view of business processes and organizational data for the improvement of their daily operations. However, it is infrequent for both kinds of data to be consistently unified. Organizational data (e.g., clients, orders, and payments) is usually stored in many different data sources. Process data (e.g., cases, activity in- stances, and variables) is generally handled manually or implicit in information systems and coupled with organizational data without clear separation. It impairs the combined application of process mining and data mining techniques for a complete evaluation of their business process execution. In this paper, we deal with the integration of both kinds of data into a unified view. First, we analyze data integration scenarios and data matching problems considering intra-organizational and inter-organizational collaborative business processes. We also propose a model-driven approach to integrate several data sources, generating a unified model for evidence-based business intelligence.
{"title":"Integration of business process and organizational data for evidence-based business intelligence","authors":"Daniel Calegari, Andrea Delgado, Alexis Artus, Andrés Borges","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.24.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.24.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Organizations require a unified view of business processes and organizational data for the improvement of their daily operations. However, it is infrequent for both kinds of data to be consistently unified. Organizational data (e.g., clients, orders, and payments) is usually stored in many different data sources. Process data (e.g., cases, activity in- stances, and variables) is generally handled manually or implicit in information systems and coupled with organizational data without clear separation. It impairs the combined application of process mining and data mining techniques for a complete evaluation of their business process execution. In this paper, we deal with the integration of both kinds of data into a unified view. First, we analyze data integration scenarios and data matching problems considering intra-organizational and inter-organizational collaborative business processes. We also propose a model-driven approach to integrate several data sources, generating a unified model for evidence-based business intelligence. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manual testing can be rather time consuming and prone to errors specially when testing asynchronous reactive systems. Model based testing is a well-established approach to verify reactive systems specified by input output labeled transition systems (IOLTSs). One of the challenges stemming from model based testing is verifying conformance and, also, generating test suites, primarily when completeness is a required property. In order to check whether an implementation under test is in compliance with its respective specification one resorts to some form of conformance relation that guarantees the expected behavior of the implementations, given the behavior of the specification. The ioco relation is an example of such a conformance relation. In this work we study another conformance relation based on formal languages. We also investigate how to generate finite and complete test suites for IOLTS models, and discuss the complexity of the test generation mechanism under this new conformance relation. We also show that ioco is a special case of this new conformance relation. Further, we relate our contributions to more recent works, accommodating the restrictions of their classes of fault models as special cases, and we expose the complexity of generating any complete test suite that must satisfy their restrictions.
{"title":"Testing Asynchronous Reactive Systems: Beyond the ioco framework","authors":"A. Bonifácio, A. Moura","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.24.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.24.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Manual testing can be rather time consuming and prone to errors specially when testing asynchronous reactive systems. Model based testing is a well-established approach to verify reactive systems specified by input output labeled transition systems (IOLTSs). One of the challenges stemming from model based testing is verifying conformance and, also, generating test suites, primarily when completeness is a required property. In order to check whether an implementation under test is in compliance with its respective specification one resorts to some form of conformance relation that guarantees the expected behavior of the implementations, given the behavior of the specification. The ioco relation is an example of such a conformance relation. In this work we study another conformance relation based on formal languages. We also investigate how to generate finite and complete test suites for IOLTS models, and discuss the complexity of the test generation mechanism under this new conformance relation. We also show that ioco is a special case of this new conformance relation. Further, we relate our contributions to more recent works, accommodating the restrictions of their classes of fault models as special cases, and we expose the complexity of generating any complete test suite that must satisfy their restrictions.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sivana Hamer, Christian Quesada-López, Alexandra Martínez, Marcelo Jenkins
Many software engineering courses are centered around team-based project development. Analyzing the source code contributions during the projects’ development could provide both instructors and students with constant feedback to identify common trends and behaviors that can be improved during the courses. Evaluating course projects is a challenge due to the difficulty of measuring individual student contributions versus team contributions during the development. The adoption of distributed version control sys-tems like git enable the measurement of students’ and teams’ contributions to the project.In this work, we analyze the contributions within eight software development projects,with 150 students in total, from undergraduate courses that used project-based learning.We generate visualizations of aggregated git metrics using inequality measures and the contribution per module, which offer insights into the practices and processes followed by students and teams throughout the project development. This approach allowed us to identify inequality among students’ contributions, the modules where students con-tributed, development processes with a non-steady pace, and integration practices render-ing a useful feedback tool for instructors and students during the project’s development.Further studies can be conducted to assess the quality, complexity, and ownership of the contributions by analyzing software artifacts.
{"title":"Using git metrics to measure students' and teams' code contributions in software development projects","authors":"Sivana Hamer, Christian Quesada-López, Alexandra Martínez, Marcelo Jenkins","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.24.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.24.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Many software engineering courses are centered around team-based project development. Analyzing the source code contributions during the projects’ development could provide both instructors and students with constant feedback to identify common trends and behaviors that can be improved during the courses. Evaluating course projects is a challenge due to the difficulty of measuring individual student contributions versus team contributions during the development. The adoption of distributed version control sys-tems like git enable the measurement of students’ and teams’ contributions to the project.In this work, we analyze the contributions within eight software development projects,with 150 students in total, from undergraduate courses that used project-based learning.We generate visualizations of aggregated git metrics using inequality measures and the contribution per module, which offer insights into the practices and processes followed by students and teams throughout the project development. This approach allowed us to identify inequality among students’ contributions, the modules where students con-tributed, development processes with a non-steady pace, and integration practices render-ing a useful feedback tool for instructors and students during the project’s development.Further studies can be conducted to assess the quality, complexity, and ownership of the contributions by analyzing software artifacts. ","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124892241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patient medical information is diverse, extensiveand of high value in supporting informed medical decision-making.This information is highly complex, is distributed among differentsystems, presents high heterogeneity, is stored in different formats,and has different structuring levels. The management of thisinformation poses interoperability challenges in tasks related to dataintegration and reuse. In this paper, an alternative is presented toface these challenges using semantic technologies. We propose totransform this heterogeneous, distributed, and unstructuredinformation in a way that ensures high interoperability, reuse, anddirect processing by machine agents. The pilot of this proposal wasdeveloped at the UTPL Hospital.
{"title":"Interoperability of electronic health records using Semantic Knowledge Graphs. A use case applied at the UTPL University Hospital","authors":"Mónica Calva, Nelson Piedra","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.24.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.24.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Patient medical information is diverse, extensiveand of high value in supporting informed medical decision-making.This information is highly complex, is distributed among differentsystems, presents high heterogeneity, is stored in different formats,and has different structuring levels. The management of thisinformation poses interoperability challenges in tasks related to dataintegration and reuse. In this paper, an alternative is presented toface these challenges using semantic technologies. We propose totransform this heterogeneous, distributed, and unstructuredinformation in a way that ensures high interoperability, reuse, anddirect processing by machine agents. The pilot of this proposal wasdeveloped at the UTPL Hospital.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130505104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application Programming Interface (API) is a core technology that facilitates developers’ productivity by enabling the reuse of software components. Understanding APIs and gaining knowledge about their usage are therefore fundamental needs for developers. Here, API documentation plays a pivotal role in enabling developers to take full advantage of the benefits brought by APIs. The quality of API documentation has therefore become an important concern given the celerity and dynamics at which APIs are now being made available to users. This article aims at exploring existing research in the area of API documentation in order to identify the associated quality dimensions addressed by the literature. The research is carried out as a systematic mapping study where 103 research papers selected from the literature were reviewed and a total of 5 core quality dimensions were identified and analyzed. By focusing on the two most relevant quality dimensions (understandability and completeness), this article presents an approach to enable API users to explore, discover and learn about APIs through API topic issues discussed in Stack Overflow (SO). We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through Scout-bot, our tool for exploration and discovery of API topic issues.
{"title":"Scout-bot: Leveraging API Community Knowledge for Exploration and Discovery of API Learning Resources","authors":"G. Ajam, Carlos Rodríguez, B. Benatallah","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.24.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.24.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Application Programming Interface (API) is a core technology that facilitates developers’ productivity by enabling the reuse of software components. Understanding APIs and gaining knowledge about their usage are therefore fundamental needs for developers. Here, API documentation plays a pivotal role in enabling developers to take full advantage of the benefits brought by APIs. The quality of API documentation has therefore become an important concern given the celerity and dynamics at which APIs are now being made available to users. This article aims at exploring existing research in the area of API documentation in order to identify the associated quality dimensions addressed by the literature. The research is carried out as a systematic mapping study where 103 research papers selected from the literature were reviewed and a total of 5 core quality dimensions were identified and analyzed. By focusing on the two most relevant quality dimensions (understandability and completeness), this article presents an approach to enable API users to explore, discover and learn about APIs through API topic issues discussed in Stack Overflow (SO). We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through Scout-bot, our tool for exploration and discovery of API topic issues. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"127-128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130595859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Martinez, María Belén Escobar, María-Elena Fernández-García, Diego Pinto
This research is conducted to analyze the shopping basket by using association rules in the retail area, more specifically in a home goods sales company such as appliances, computer items, furniture, and sporting goods, among others. With the rise of globalization and the advancement of technology, retail companies are constantly struggling to maintain and raise their profits, as well ordering the products and services that the customer wants to obtain. In this sense, they need a new approach to identify different objectives in order to be more competitive and successful, looking for new decision-making strategies. To achieve this goal, and to obtain clear and efficient strategies, by providing large amounts of data collected in business transactions, the need arises to intelligently analyze such data in order to extract useful knowledge that will support decision-making and, an understanding of the association patterns that occur in sales-customer behavior. Predicting which product will make the most profit, products that are sold together, this type of information is of great value for storing products in inventory. Knowing when a product is out of fashion can support inventory management effectively. In this sense, this work presents the rules of association of products obtained by analyzing the data with the FPGrowth algorithm using the Orange tool.
{"title":"Market basket analysis with association rules in the retail sector using Orange. Case Study: Appliances Sales Company","authors":"Marcos Martinez, María Belén Escobar, María-Elena Fernández-García, Diego Pinto","doi":"10.19153/CLEIEJ.24.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/CLEIEJ.24.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research is conducted to analyze the shopping basket by using association rules in the retail area, more specifically in a home goods sales company such as appliances, computer items, furniture, and sporting goods, among others. With the rise of globalization and the advancement of technology, retail companies are constantly struggling to maintain and raise their profits, as well ordering the products and services that the customer wants to obtain. In this sense, they need a new approach to identify different objectives in order to be more competitive and successful, looking for new decision-making strategies. To achieve this goal, and to obtain clear and efficient strategies, by providing large amounts of data collected in business transactions, the need arises to intelligently analyze such data in order to extract useful knowledge that will support decision-making and, an understanding of the association patterns that occur in sales-customer behavior. Predicting which product will make the most profit, products that are sold together, this type of information is of great value for storing products in inventory. Knowing when a product is out of fashion can support inventory management effectively. In this sense, this work presents the rules of association of products obtained by analyzing the data with the FPGrowth algorithm using the Orange tool.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116943960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain technology supports building transparent and decentralized systems in which the executed transactions can be easily traceable. Suppose one such system is intended to manage and process personal data. In that case, complementary mechanisms are required that make it possible for the system to comply, for instance, with data protection regulations. This work studies the integration of off-chain capabilities in blockchain-based solutions. In particular, we have focused on mechanisms that support safely moving data or computational operations outside the core blockchain network. We have carried out a thorough analysis of the European data protection regulation and discussed the weaknesses and strengths regarding the security and privacy requirements established by that regulation of solutions built using traditional blockchain technology.As a direct consequence of this study, we have conceived, and present in this paper, a system architecture for the design of privacy-aware solutions that use that kind of technology and put forward a systematic approach for performing a security and privacy threat analysis of one such solution. We illustrate the use of the proposed methodological tools, presenting and discussing the high-level design and security and privacy assessment of a system that provides services to handle, store, and validate digital academic certificates.
{"title":"A Blockchain based and GDPR-compliant design of a system for digital education certificates","authors":"Fernanda Molina, Gustavo Betarte, C. Luna","doi":"10.19153/cleiej.26.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.26.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology supports building transparent and decentralized systems in which the executed transactions can be easily traceable. Suppose one such system is intended to manage and process personal data. In that case, complementary mechanisms are required that make it possible for the system to comply, for instance, with data protection regulations. This work studies the integration of off-chain capabilities in blockchain-based solutions. In particular, we have focused on mechanisms that support safely moving data or computational operations outside the core blockchain network. We have carried out a thorough analysis of the European data protection regulation and discussed the weaknesses and strengths regarding the security and privacy requirements established by that regulation of solutions built using traditional blockchain technology.As a direct consequence of this study, we have conceived, and present in this paper, a system architecture for the design of privacy-aware solutions that use that kind of technology and put forward a systematic approach for performing a security and privacy threat analysis of one such solution. We illustrate the use of the proposed methodological tools, presenting and discussing the high-level design and security and privacy assessment of a system that provides services to handle, store, and validate digital academic certificates.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123636744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As big data has become increasingly necessary in modern farming techniques, the dependence on high quality and quantity of ground truth data has risen. Collecting ground truth data is one of the most labor-intensive aspects of the research process. A crowdsourcing platform application to aid lay people in completing ground truth data can improve the quality and quantity of data for growers and agricultural researchers. In this study, a user-centered design process was used to develop a prototype of a mobile application which will teach people how to classify certain characteristics of lambsquarters in the District of Columbia. Focus group results demonstrated that the greatest motivation for the participants was having opportunities to develop their skills and access to educational resources. From the focus groups, design personas were created and wireframe prototypes were produced. The prototypes were evaluated by users using the System Usability Scale and qualitative feedback. The design received an average score of 75.95, which indicates an acceptable design. From the feedback of the users, improvements to the design were made in the mobile application development of the system.
{"title":"Early Development and Design of Crowdsourcing Agriculture Mobile Application for Lambsquarters","authors":"Brianna B. Posadas, M. Hanumappa, J. Gilbert","doi":"10.19153/CLEIEJ.23.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/CLEIEJ.23.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"As big data has become increasingly necessary in modern farming techniques, the dependence on high quality and quantity of ground truth data has risen. Collecting ground truth data is one of the most labor-intensive aspects of the research process. A crowdsourcing platform application to aid lay people in completing ground truth data can improve the quality and quantity of data for growers and agricultural researchers. In this study, a user-centered design process was used to develop a prototype of a mobile application which will teach people how to classify certain characteristics of lambsquarters in the District of Columbia. Focus group results demonstrated that the greatest motivation for the participants was having opportunities to develop their skills and access to educational resources. From the focus groups, design personas were created and wireframe prototypes were produced. The prototypes were evaluated by users using the System Usability Scale and qualitative feedback. The design received an average score of 75.95, which indicates an acceptable design. From the feedback of the users, improvements to the design were made in the mobile application development of the system.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128864263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. B. Paiva, Marisa Helena da Silva Batista, L. Zaina, Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes
Mobile devices have gained more attention from the society that is using them increasingly for a variety of purposes. For complete insertion of the population in this constant digital evolution it is fundamental that mobile applications also offer access to different user profiles, regardless of their disabilities or limitations. Considering quality, productivity, and speed of application creation, there is a wide range of good development practices and evaluations. However, methods that involve usability and accessibility are still developing. The purpose of this article is to present the Acc-MobileCheck, which is a checklist of accessibility and usability for mobile devices apps, based on good software development practices and guided by Design Patterns. It aims to address difficulties that can be faced by people with hearing, visual, intellectual, or mobility impairment. Five experts and three developers of mobile apps had evaluated the Acc-MobileCheck. The conclusive results show that the checklist is usable and includes essential issues for the evaluation of accessibility and usability. The data obtained allowed a restructuring of the evaluation method developed, and the positive comments about the checklist demonstrate its adequacy to attend the demand.
{"title":"Acc-MobileCheck: a Checklist for Usability and Accessibility Evaluation of Mobile Applications","authors":"D. M. B. Paiva, Marisa Helena da Silva Batista, L. Zaina, Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes","doi":"10.19153/CLEIEJ.23.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19153/CLEIEJ.23.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile devices have gained more attention from the society that is using them increasingly for a variety of purposes. For complete insertion of the population in this constant digital evolution it is fundamental that mobile applications also offer access to different user profiles, regardless of their disabilities or limitations. Considering quality, productivity, and speed of application creation, there is a wide range of good development practices and evaluations. However, methods that involve usability and accessibility are still developing. The purpose of this article is to present the Acc-MobileCheck, which is a checklist of accessibility and usability for mobile devices apps, based on good software development practices and guided by Design Patterns. It aims to address difficulties that can be faced by people with hearing, visual, intellectual, or mobility impairment. Five experts and three developers of mobile apps had evaluated the Acc-MobileCheck. The conclusive results show that the checklist is usable and includes essential issues for the evaluation of accessibility and usability. The data obtained allowed a restructuring of the evaluation method developed, and the positive comments about the checklist demonstrate its adequacy to attend the demand.","PeriodicalId":418941,"journal":{"name":"CLEI Electron. J.","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127134946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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