Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第7页

Operational flexibility nuclear generation in South Korea: A comprehensive impact analysis 韩国核发电的运行灵活性：综合影响分析

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115055

Jongin Kim , Hojin Jo , Jaehyeong Lee , Sungyoon Song , Gilsoo Jang

Korea is striving to expand renewable energy capacity across the country. However, in response to various challenges, the Korean government has revised the existing strategy to incorporate other carbon-free energy sources, including nuclear power, to advance the energy transition. Nuclear power plants currently operate as baseload units owing to reliability and economic consideration, but flexible operation is becoming necessary to support the growing integration of renewable energy. This study examines the transition of Korea's nuclear power plants from baseload to flexible operation. Based on Korea's electricity supply and demand framework plans, this study assesses the effects of flexible nuclear operations on annual renewable energy output curtailment and fuel costs for 2030 and 2036 through power market simulations. Additionally, grid stability implications are evaluated using a power system simulator. The findings show that flexible nuclear plant operations can help mitigate output limitations and improve grid stability by providing flexibility and reserves. However, the provision of reserves from nuclear power plants incurs increased fuel costs due to the additional consumption of fossil fuels. While the flexibility of nuclear power contributes positively to carbon neutrality by increasing renewable capacity and improving grid reliability, increasing the flexibility of nuclear power plants may inadvertently increase the reliance on fossil fuel. This tendency, in turn, could increase overall fuel costs and carbon emissions, posing a challenge to achieving carbon neutrality.

韩国正在努力扩大全国的可再生能源能力。然而，为了应对各种挑战，韩国政府已经修订了现有战略，将包括核电在内的其他无碳能源纳入其中，以推进能源转型。出于可靠性和经济性的考虑，核电站目前作为基荷机组运行，但为了支持日益增长的可再生能源的整合，灵活的运行方式变得十分必要。本研究探讨了韩国核电站从基荷运行向灵活运行的过渡。根据韩国的电力供需框架计划，本研究通过电力市场模拟，评估了 2030 年和 2036 年核电灵活运行对可再生能源年发电量削减和燃料成本的影响。此外，还使用电力系统模拟器评估了对电网稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，灵活的核电厂运营有助于缓解输出限制，并通过提供灵活性和储备来提高电网稳定性。然而，由于额外消耗化石燃料，核电厂提供储备会增加燃料成本。虽然核电的灵活性通过增加可再生能源容量和提高电网可靠性对碳中和做出了积极贡献，但提高核电厂的灵活性可能会无意中增加对化石燃料的依赖。这种趋势反过来又会增加总体燃料成本和碳排放量，对实现碳中和构成挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Gas bubbles in direct liquid fuel cells: Fundamentals, impacts, and mitigation strategies 直接液体燃料电池中的气泡：基本原理、影响和缓解策略

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115049

Yuan Zhou , Zeyi Li , Xuefeng He , Xun Zhu

The pursuit of carbon neutrality underscores the paramount significance of advancing high-performance direct liquid fuel cells. While several strategies have been established to enhance power generation and stability, including the adoption of new membrane materials, efficient electrocatalysts, innovative cell structures, and alternative reactants, the presence of gas bubbles on the anode remains a significant factor affecting mass transfer and energy efficiency. This review seeks to offer a thorough comprehension of the ramifications of gas bubbles on the cell performance. To achieve this, this review begin by offering an overview of the fundamentals of gas bubble behavior. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the various ways in which gas bubbles impact fuel cells is presented, encompassing activation losses, ohmic losses, concentration losses, pressure drop, and cell stability. Furthermore, strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of gas bubbles are detailed, encompassing electrode designs, gas diffusion layer designs, anode flow field designs, control of operating parameters, and the application of additional physical fields. Finally, potential avenues for future research in the realm of direct liquid fuel cell applications are outlined, highlighting the ongoing efforts to advance this technology and its role in achieving carbon neutrality.

追求碳中和强调了推进高性能直接液体燃料电池的重要意义。虽然已经制定了多种策略来提高发电量和稳定性，包括采用新型膜材料、高效电催化剂、创新电池结构和替代反应物，但阳极上气泡的存在仍然是影响传质和能效的一个重要因素。本综述旨在全面了解气泡对电池性能的影响。为此，本综述首先概述了气泡行为的基本原理。随后，详细分析了气泡影响燃料电池的各种方式，包括活化损失、欧姆损失、浓度损失、压降和电池稳定性。此外，还详细介绍了减轻气泡不利影响的策略，包括电极设计、气体扩散层设计、阳极流场设计、运行参数控制以及附加物理场的应用。最后，概述了直接液体燃料电池应用领域未来研究的潜在途径，强调了为推动这项技术及其在实现碳中和方面的作用所做的不懈努力。

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引用次数: 0

Solid residues from cocoa production chain: Assessment of thermochemical valorization routes 可可生产链中的固体残留物：热化学价值化途径评估

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115048

Orlando Salcedo-Puerto, Clara Mendoza-Martinez, Esa Vakkilainen

In the production of cocoa fruits, the main product (cocoa beans) represents only a small part of the total fruit weight, as the remaining 80–90 % is not used in chocolate production. These residual fractions are readily available, and the evaluation of their potential use as raw materials in diverse conversion processes is an important contribution to the search for more sustainable bioenergy sources without jeopardizing food security. The present study aims to discuss the characteristics of the main solid residues of the cocoa production chain, cocoa pod husks (CPH), and cocoa bean shells (CBS); to review the conversion routes that have been applied in the improvement of these residues; and to carry out mass and energy balances to evaluate their potential in energy generation and biofuels production through processes such as direct combustion, torrefaction, gasification, fast and slow pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization. The compiled data from the processes reviewed indicate that the residual biomass derived from the cocoa production chain can be considered a suitable raw material for use in thermochemical conversion processes and generate high-quality energy carriers, such as biochar, hydrochar, bio-oil, and syngas. This review identified the lack of experimental studies of these residues in some conversion processes, such as gasification or fast pyrolysis, thus indicating the pathway for further studies. The selection of appropriate conversion technologies and adoption of effective waste management strategies can minimize the environmental impact of these residues while producing valuable products. This approach could generate additional income streams within the cocoa value chain.

在可可果实的生产过程中，主要产品（可可豆）只占果实总重量的一小部分，其余的 80-90% 并未用于巧克力生产。这些残余馏分很容易获得，对其在各种转化过程中作为原料的潜在用途进行评估，是对在不危及粮食安全的情况下寻找更具可持续性的生物能源的重要贡献。本研究旨在讨论可可生产链中的主要固体残留物--可可荚壳（CPH）和可可豆壳（CBS）--的特性；回顾用于改良这些残留物的转化路线；并进行质量和能量平衡，以评估它们通过直接燃烧、热解、气化、快速和慢速热解以及水热碳化等工艺在能源生产和生物燃料生产中的潜力。从所审查的工艺中收集的数据表明，从可可生产链中提取的残余生物质可被视为一种适合用于热化学转换工艺的原料，并可生成高质量的能源载体，如生物炭、水炭、生物油和合成气。本综述指出，在气化或快速热解等一些转化过程中，缺乏对这些残留物的实验研究，因此指出了进一步研究的途径。选择适当的转化技术和采用有效的废物管理策略，可以最大限度地减少这些残留物对环境的影响，同时生产出有价值的产品。这种方法可以在可可价值链中产生额外的收入流。

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引用次数: 0

Fairness in energy communities: Centralized and decentralized frameworks 能源社区的公平性：集中式和分散式框架

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115054

María-Victoria Gasca , Remy Rigo-Mariani , Vincent Debusschere , Yousra Sidqi

This research discusses fairness in energy communities while investigating two types of organizations for operation and cost-sharing. On the one hand, centralized architectures consist of operating community assets in a coordinated manner with a central controller before a community manager shares the overall benefits between the users. Four sharing strategies are investigated and implemented in a monthly post-delivery phase. In contrast, in decentralized architectures, each user operates its assets independently. In such frameworks, the costs/benefits are usually shared among users through market-based mechanisms that rely on users' bids. This work then explores the Pool market and Peer-to-peer transactions to investigate the impact of different bidding from the users' perspective. Ultimately, all the proposed centralized and decentralized approaches (10 in total) are assessed based on economic performances at both users' and community levels. Specific attention is paid to fairness within the community, which is challenging. Three indexes derived from economy and game theory are then considered, along with metrics tailored for energy communities. Results from a seven-user community indicate that the pool market systematically returns considerable savings among decentralized frameworks compared to peer-to-peer markets. More importantly, centralized frameworks systematically yield the most significant bill reduction (16 %) and fairer cost allocation compared to decentralized frameworks.

这项研究讨论了能源社区的公平性，同时调查了两种类型的运营和成本分担组织。一方面，集中式架构由中央控制器协调运营社区资产，然后由社区管理者在用户之间分享整体利益。在每月的交付后阶段，研究并实施了四种共享策略。相比之下，在分散式架构中，每个用户都独立运营其资产。在这种框架中，成本/收益通常通过基于市场的机制在用户之间共享，这种机制依赖于用户的出价。这项工作随后探讨了池市场和点对点交易，从用户的角度研究了不同出价的影响。最后，根据用户和社区层面的经济表现，对所有提议的集中式和分散式方法（共 10 种）进行了评估。其中特别关注了社区内的公平性，这一点具有挑战性。然后考虑了从经济学和博弈论中得出的三个指标，以及为能源社区量身定制的指标。一个七人用户社区的研究结果表明，与点对点市场相比，分散式框架中的池市场系统性地节省了大量成本。更重要的是，与分散式框架相比，集中式框架系统性地带来了最显著的账单减少（16%）和更公平的成本分配。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of social scientific research on carbon capture and storage 对碳捕集与封存社会科学研究的批判性评述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115063

Senni Määttä, Vincent de Gooyert

Carbon capture and storage technologies have become a prominent discussion point within the broader portfolio of mitigation options to limit climate warming to well below 2 °C. Most carbon capture and storage research has focused on technical and economic aspects. However, there is a growing recognition of the systemic nature of sustainability transitions and the importance of diverse societal considerations. Despite this emerging focus, the research field is constrained by persistent assumptions.

This critical scoping review of social scientific research on carbon capture and storage analysed 108 research articles. Using a combination of manual and artificial intelligence coding, the analysis focused on identifying social variables. The review identified three key themes: acceptance, engagement and participation, and governance and policy.

Social scientific research on carbon capture and storage has been dominated by an acceptance-awareness paradigm and a tendency to view the public solely as actors impacted by the transition. Normative questions have received limited attention, though new interest is emerging. These paradigms and identified research gaps suggest that the field has adopted a transition perspective rather than a transformation perspective. By discussing the differences between these perspectives, this review provides a novel understanding of the research field, which can support socially sustainable development as carbon capture and storage momentum grows. Additionally, the review explores the advantages and challenges of employing artificial intelligence tools in qualitative social sciences.

碳捕集与封存技术已成为将气候变暖限制在远低于 2 °C 的更广泛减缓方案组合中的一个突出讨论点。大多数碳捕集与封存研究都集中在技术和经济方面。然而，人们越来越认识到可持续性转型的系统性以及各种社会因素的重要性。尽管出现了这种新的关注点，但研究领域仍受到持续存在的假设的限制。这项关于碳捕集与封存社会科学研究的重要范围界定综述分析了 108 篇研究文章。采用人工和人工智能编码相结合的方法，分析的重点是确定社会变量。关于碳捕集与封存的社会科学研究一直以接受-认知范式为主导，并倾向于将公众仅仅视为受转型影响的行动者。规范问题受到的关注有限，尽管新的兴趣正在出现。这些范式和已发现的研究空白表明，该领域采用的是过渡视角，而非转型视角。通过讨论这些视角之间的差异，本综述为研究领域提供了一种新的理解，随着碳捕集与封存势头的增长，这种理解可以为社会可持续发展提供支持。此外，本综述还探讨了在定性社会科学中使用人工智能工具的优势和挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Unleashing the full potential of vinasse fermentation in sugarcane biorefineries 充分发挥甘蔗生物炼油厂中蔗渣发酵的潜力

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115096

André do Vale Borges , Lucas Tadeu Fuess , Paula Yumi Takeda , Renan Coghi Rogeri , Flávia Talarico Saia , Gustavo Bueno Gregoracci , Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic

High sulfate concentrations (>2.0 g L⁻¹) in sugarcane vinasse present challenges for single-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) systems due to microbial competition and sulfide toxicity. While two-phase AD systems have successfully reduced sulfate in thermophilic fermentative systems, similar success under mesophilic conditions remains undocumented. This study evaluated different strategies to establish and maintain stable long-term sulfidogenic activity in high-rate fermentative reactors under mesophilic conditions. Three reactors were tested, each inoculated differently: R1 with mesophilic naturally-fermented vinasse, R2 with thermophilic naturally-fermented vinasse, and R3 with granular sludge. All reactors were operated at 30 °C with a 12-h hydraulic retention time. The addition of 0.25 gNaHCO₃ g⁻¹CODt during inoculation effectively maintained pH levels higher than 6.5, stimulating sulfidogenic activity in all systems, regardless of sulfate loading rate variations (3.9–4.8 kgSO₄ m⁻³ d⁻¹). R3 demonstrated superior buffering capacity and robust sulfidogenesis, achieving sulfate removal efficiencies of 63 ± 14 % in R1, 72 ± 15 % in R2, and 83 ± 16 % in R3, primarily driven by Desulfovibrio. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis persisted in all reactors, driven by Methanofollis, Methanobacterium, and Methanosarcina in R1, Methanofollis in R2, and Methanoculleus in R3. Despite methanogenesis occurrence, R3 exhibited higher acetate accumulation (>3.5 gHAc L⁻¹), with great potential to boost acetoclastic methanogenesis in a two-stage AD scheme. The produced biogas was low in hydrogen (<1 %) but rich in sulfide (up to 9 %), necessitating further gas treatment. These findings reveal the high resilience of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens to high organic loads, highlighting the complexity of AD of vinasse.

由于微生物竞争和硫化物毒性，甘蔗渣中的高浓度硫酸盐（2.0 g L-1）给单相厌氧消化（AD）系统带来了挑战。虽然两相厌氧消化（AD）系统在嗜热发酵系统中成功地减少了硫酸盐，但在中嗜热条件下取得类似的成功仍未见记载。本研究评估了在中嗜热条件下的高速发酵反应器中建立和维持长期稳定的硫化物生成活性的不同策略。对三个反应器进行了测试，每个反应器的接种方式不同：R1 接种的是嗜中性的天然发酵葡萄渣，R2 接种的是嗜热性的天然发酵葡萄渣，R3 接种的是颗粒污泥。所有反应器均在 30 °C 温度下运行，水力停留时间为 12 小时。在接种过程中添加 0.25 gNaHCO3 g-1CODt 能有效地将 pH 值维持在 6.5 以上，从而刺激所有系统的硫化物生成活性，而不受硫酸盐负荷率变化（3.9-4.8 kgSO4 m-3 d-1）的影响。R3 显示出卓越的缓冲能力和强大的硫化物生成能力，在 R1、R2 和 R3 中，硫酸盐去除率分别为 63 ± 14 %、72 ± 15 % 和 83 ± 16 %，主要由脱硫弧菌驱动。所有反应器中都存在养氢型产甲烷现象，R1 由 Methanofollis、Methanobacterium 和 Methanosarcina 驱动，R2 由 Methanofollis 驱动，R3 由 Methanoculleus 驱动。尽管发生了甲烷生成，但 R3 表现出较高的醋酸盐积累（3.5 gHAc L-1），在两阶段厌氧消化（AD）方案中具有促进醋酸菌甲烷生成的巨大潜力。产生的沼气中氢含量较低（1%），但硫化物含量丰富（高达 9%），因此有必要对沼气进行进一步处理。这些发现揭示了硫酸盐还原菌和甲烷菌对高有机负荷的高度适应性，突出了沼渣厌氧消化的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Two-way empowerment or one-way game? The impact of data factor endowment matching on enterprises’ green efficiency 双向赋能还是单向博弈？数据要素禀赋匹配对企业绿色效率的影响

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115053

Yanan She , Huan Wang , Shangsong Zhen, Yue Peng, Wei Wang, Yunqiang Liu

Data factors are widely used in global production and governance, but the periodic friction they cause is still one of the main problems restricting high-quality economic and ecological development. However, studies have focused only on unilateral governance. Given the inherent limitations and research gaps, how to empower firms’ green total factor productivity through multi-factors resonance has become an urgent issue. For this purpose, using the micro-data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2009 to 2018, a framework from digital and institutional governance for analyzing synergies was defined through the SBM, entropy weight TOPSIS, and system coupling models that measured green total factor productivity and co-evolution of data and environmental governance factors. Their causal linkages were further explored through the fixed-effects model, which not only applies “digital governance inclusion” as an emerging research touchpoint to theoretical research on green development, but also provides China’s micro-empirical references for global digitally-empowered environmental governance. The study found that: (1) The synergy between multi-factors stimulated green total factor productivity, but did not significantly drive a dramatic increase in its rise. (2) Influence mechanisms confirmed that endowments matching unlock human and innovation dividends, optimizing skill structure and expanding innovation boundary, thus promoting green efficiency. (3) The spillover paths indicated that the multi-endowments effect creates secondary diffusion upstream and downstream along the supply chain, which is not only constrained by a significant single threshold, but also exhibits industry heterogeneity. This study provides coping strategies for global policymakers to build a digital green development engine in all fields and multiple dimensions.

数据因素在全球生产和治理中被广泛应用，但其引发的周期性摩擦仍是制约经济和生态高质量发展的主要问题之一。然而，相关研究仅关注单边治理。鉴于其固有的局限性和研究空白，如何通过多因素共振提升企业的绿色全要素生产率已成为亟待解决的问题。为此，利用中国上市企业2009-2018年的微观数据，通过SBM、熵权TOPSIS和系统耦合模型，定义了从数字治理和制度治理分析协同效应的框架，衡量了绿色全要素生产率以及数据和环境治理因素的共同演化。通过固定效应模型进一步探讨了二者的因果联系，不仅将 "数字治理包容性 "这一新兴研究触角应用于绿色发展的理论研究，也为全球数字赋能环境治理提供了中国的微观经验借鉴。研究发现(1）多因素之间的协同作用激发了绿色全要素生产率，但并未显著推动其大幅提升。(2）影响机制证实，禀赋匹配释放了人力红利和创新红利，优化了技能结构，拓展了创新边界，从而促进了绿色效率的提升。(3）溢出路径表明，多禀赋效应在供应链上下游形成二次扩散，不仅受制于显著的单一阈值，还表现出行业异质性。本研究为全球政策制定者在全领域、多维度打造数字绿色发展引擎提供了应对策略。

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引用次数: 0

Supercritical water gasification of food waste for hydrogen production 食物垃圾超临界水气化制氢

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115091

João C.B. Costa, Isabela M. Dias, Lucas C. Mourão, Guilherme B.M. de Souza, Mariana B. Pereira, Fernanda F. Freitas, Christian G. Alonso

The conversion of renewable biomass, particularly from food waste, into valuable energy sources via supercritical water (SCW) gasification is a promising approach for addressing environmental concerns related to sustainable energy generation, food waste, and socio-economic issues. In this sense, this review study covers the fundamental principles, process performance, and challenges of the gasification of biomass sourced from food waste by the SCW process. Additionally, it sheds light on advancements in SCW technologies (reactor design, operational conditions, catalysts utilization, etc.). The review explores the availability of food waste biomass, screens its chemical characteristics, and underscores the state-of-the-art methodologies focusing on the conversion of food waste into hydrogen-rich syngas. Thus, it outlines future research and development directions in this field, underscoring the importance of advancing SCW gasification technology for biomass valorization and waste management.

通过超临界水（SCW）气化将可再生生物质，特别是厨余生物质转化为有价值的能源，是解决与可持续能源生产、厨余垃圾和社会经济问题相关的环境问题的一种很有前景的方法。因此，本综述研究涵盖了超临界水工艺气化食物垃圾生物质的基本原理、工艺性能和挑战。此外，它还揭示了 SCW 技术的进步（反应器设计、操作条件、催化剂利用等）。综述探讨了食物垃圾生物质的可用性，筛选了其化学特性，并强调了将食物垃圾转化为富氢合成气的最新方法。因此，它概述了该领域未来的研究和发展方向，强调了推进 SCW 气化技术对生物质增值和废物管理的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical pyrolysis of biomass using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 利用热解-气相色谱/质谱法分析生物质热解

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115090

Junhui Hao , Fanfan Xu , Dan Yang , Bo Wang , Yingyun Qiao , Yuanyu Tian

Analytical pyrolysis is currently showing tremendous potential for investigating biomass conversion into chemicals and biofuels, of which the most notable is the pyrolyzer coupled with the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique. This review aimed to summarize the different approaches (i.e., conventional pyrolysis, stepwise pyrolysis, and catalytic pyrolysis) conducted using Py-GC/MS, as well as the composition and distribution of resulting products. The basic plausible pyrolysis mechanisms were first summarized based on the analytic pyrolysis of typical chemical components, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, and lipid. As for the conventional pyrolysis proceeded by using Py-GC/MS, the influence of biomass types and operation parameters was discussed, which indicated that biomass types and final temperature played a dominant role in regulating the composition and distribution of products. Subsequently, the product release behaviors at different stages were revealed and discussed via Py-GC/MS experiments using stepwise pyrolysis. The primary objectives of different stepwise pyrolysis approaches (torrefaction and pyrolysis, two-step pyrolysis, and multi-step pyrolysis) were to produce value-added chemicals or increase bio-oil quality. Furthermore, the catalytic effects of various catalysts, including soluble inorganic salts, metal oxides, microporous zeolites, and mesoporous zeolite, were also summarized and compared to elucidate the role of catalysts in catalytic pyrolysis for targeted product production. Based on the above, the potential practical implications and current limitations that exist in the application of analytical pyrolysis were also proposed, with the aim of improving the effectiveness of Py-GC/MS in future applications.

目前，分析热解在研究生物质转化为化学品和生物燃料方面显示出巨大的潜力，其中最引人注目的是热解器与气相色谱/质谱联用（Py-GC/MS）技术。本综述旨在总结使用 Py-GC/MS 进行的不同方法（即传统热解、分步热解和催化热解），以及所得产物的成分和分布。首先，根据典型化学成分（即纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、蛋白质和脂质）的分析热解，总结了基本可信的热解机理。对于利用 Py-GC/MS 进行的传统热解，讨论了生物质类型和操作参数的影响，结果表明，生物质类型和最终温度在调节产物成分和分布方面起着主导作用。随后，通过分步热解的 Py-GC/MS 实验揭示并讨论了不同阶段的产物释放行为。不同的分步热解方法（高温分解和热解、两步热解和多步热解）的主要目的是生产增值化学品或提高生物油的质量。此外，还总结并比较了各种催化剂（包括可溶性无机盐、金属氧化物、微孔沸石和介孔沸石）的催化效果，以阐明催化剂在催化热解过程中的作用，从而实现目标产品的生产。在此基础上，还提出了分析热解应用的潜在实际意义和目前存在的局限性，目的是提高 Py-GC/MS 在未来应用中的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability assessment of catalyst design on CO2-derived fuel production 二氧化碳衍生燃料生产催化剂设计的可持续性评估

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115011

Jalil Shadbahr , Craig A. Peeples , Ergys Pahija , Christopher Panaritis , Daria Camilla Boffito , Gregory Patience , Farid Bensebaa

Levelized carbon cost abatement (LCCA) and technology learning curves (TLC) are combined to assess the current technology gaps for expediting the deployment of CO₂-based renewable fuels. This study is conducted across three levels: Assessing the impact of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) catalyst improvement on products, estimating the potential reduction in CO₂ emissions, and calculating the cost reduction per unit of avoided CO2 emissions. A novel hybrid approach combines bottom-up TEA and LCA tools to assess FTS catalysts, while top-down TLC methodology evaluates future projections of the CO₂ to jet fuel (CtJ) platform. The evaluation and comparison of the newly designed FTS catalyst (CYL) and a conventional catalyst (COC) on the CtJ platform are conducted within this scope. Replacing COC with CYL leads to an increase of >170 % in catalyst cost. However, despite the increase in catalyst cost, the overall fuel production of the CtJ platform is boosted by 16 %, and the energy efficiency is improved by +13 %. Consequently, the CYL catalyst enables the production of jet fuel and diesel at a lower cost (−15 % to −17 %) compared to COC from 2027 to 2050. Furthermore, for both cases' equal net CO₂ capture, CYL requires 15 % lower CO₂ capture and thus 41 % lower CO₂ emissions from the CtJ platform than COC. LCCA of CO₂-derived fuels is projected to be very close to the $170/tonne CO₂ carbon tax target in 2030. Thus, CO₂-derived jet fuels are expected to compete with fossil fuels in the Canadian market.

将平准化碳减排成本 (LCCA) 和技术学习曲线 (TLC) 结合起来，以评估当前在加快部署基于二氧化碳的可再生燃料方面存在的技术差距。这项研究从三个层面进行：评估费托合成（FTS）催化剂改进对产品的影响、估算二氧化碳排放的潜在减少量以及计算每单位避免的二氧化碳排放的成本减少量。一种新颖的混合方法结合了自下而上的 TEA 和 LCA 工具来评估 FTS 催化剂，而自上而下的 TLC 方法则评估二氧化碳转化为喷气燃料 (CtJ) 平台的未来预测。在此范围内，对新设计的 FTS 催化剂（CYL）和 CtJ 平台上的传统催化剂（COC）进行了评估和比较。用 CYL 替代 COC 会导致催化剂成本增加 170%。然而，尽管催化剂成本增加，CtJ 平台的总体燃料产量却提高了 16%，能效提高了 +13%。因此，与 COC 相比，从 2027 年到 2050 年，CYL 催化剂能够以更低的成本（-15% 到 -17%）生产喷气燃料和柴油。此外，在二氧化碳净捕获量相同的情况下，CYL 所需的二氧化碳捕获量比 COC 低 15%，因此 CtJ 平台的二氧化碳排放量比 COC 低 41%。预计 2030 年二氧化碳衍生燃料的 LCCA 将非常接近每吨 170 美元的二氧化碳碳税目标。因此，二氧化碳衍生喷气燃料有望在加拿大市场上与化石燃料竞争。

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