Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第7页

Physical solutions for hydrogen storage: Technological challenges, safety assessments, and environmental aspects 氢存储的物理解决方案：技术挑战、安全评估和环境方面

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116627

Tabassom Mirshekarzadeh , Shahin Akbari , Mohammad Sharifian , Arman Mirshekarzadeh , Fatemeh Salehi , Mohamad Ali Bijarchi

Hydrogen is a crucial energy vector for sustainable and low-carbon systems; however, storage and safety challenges limit its broader adoption. The paper comprehensively reviews the physical hydrogen storage technologies, focusing on safety features and environmental impacts as research gaps. It critically examines pressure- and temperature-based storage, material-based storage, and Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS), evaluating their safety concerns, scientific challenges, and technological advancements. Pressure- and temperature-controlled methods involve storing hydrogen in compressed gas, liquid, or cryo-compressed forms. A novel classification of material-based storage is introduced, encompassing hydrate-based hydrogen storage, Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGMs), and adsorption methods. Large-scale seasonal hydrogen storage in subsurface geological formations, such as salt caverns, depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, aquifers, and hard rock caverns, is also explored. Challenges and future directions of each storage method are analyzed to guide research toward safer and more efficient hydrogen storage solutions. The study also combines a systematic safety risk assessment with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Material-based storage shows promising safety but remains at an early development, whereas pressure- and temperature-based storage dominates the industry despite higher risks. UHS offers large-scale and long-term potential but faces geological and environmental challenges. LCA results indicate that compressed hydrogen has modest energy and emissions, whereas liquefied and cryo-compressed options impose the highest burdens. Material-based approaches show high energy demand and a wide uncertainty. UHS yields the lowest operational energy use, though construction and cushion gas dominate their life-cycle impacts. However, no single technology is universally optimal for all applications, necessitating further research to enhance efficiency and feasibility.

氢是可持续和低碳系统的重要能源载体；然而，存储和安全方面的挑战限制了它的广泛采用。本文对物理储氢技术进行了全面综述，重点讨论了安全特性和环境影响等方面的研究空白。它严格审查了基于压力和温度的储存，基于材料的储存和地下储氢（UHS），评估了它们的安全问题，科学挑战和技术进步。压力和温度控制方法包括以压缩气体、液体或低温压缩形式储存氢。介绍了一种新型的基于材料的储氢方法，包括基于水合物的储氢方法、中空玻璃微球（HGMs）和吸附方法。在地下地质构造中，如盐洞、枯竭烃储层、含水层和硬岩洞中，也探索了大规模的季节性储氢。分析了每种储存方法的挑战和未来方向，以指导研究更安全，更有效的氢储存解决方案。该研究还将系统的安全风险评估与生命周期评估（LCA）相结合。基于材料的存储显示出良好的安全性，但仍处于早期发展阶段，而基于压力和温度的存储尽管风险较高，但仍主导着行业。UHS具有大规模和长期的潜力，但面临地质和环境方面的挑战。LCA结果表明，压缩氢具有适度的能量和排放，而液化和低温压缩选项则负担最重。基于材料的方法显示出高能源需求和广泛的不确定性。尽管建筑和缓冲气体在其生命周期影响中占主导地位，但UHS的运行能耗最低。然而，没有一种技术对所有应用都是普遍最优的，需要进一步研究以提高效率和可行性。

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引用次数: 0

A state-of-the-art review of adaptive, predictive, synergistic, and degradation-aware power variability smoothing techniques in photovoltaic power plants 光伏电站中自适应、预测、协同和退化感知功率变异性平滑技术的最新综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116687

Ammar Atif Abdalla, Mohamed Shawky El Moursi, Tarek H.M. El-Fouly, Khalifa Hassan Al Hosani

The variability of renewable energy (RE) sources, like photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs), presents a major challenge in the decarbonization of electrical power grids. Extensive literature exists on variability smoothing techniques in PVPP, both with and without battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, some of these techniques may lead to energy losses and opportunity costs, while others may require larger BESS capacities to perform effectively. Additionally, improper control settings can result in increased BESS cycling and degradation. Moreover, certain techniques may only provide control for ramp-up events and not ramp-down events. With all these tradeoffs, this paper provides an up-to-date review of the PVPP output smoothing techniques and the challenges associated with their implementation, as well as the grid codes imposed to mitigate the impact of PVPP variability on the power grid. This paper also proposes state-of-the-art features that facilitate seamless grid integration of PVPPs. It proposes adaptive smoothing techniques responsive to dynamic weather conditions and BESS health diagnostics; proactive smoothing, which predicts rather than merely reacts to ramp events; synergistic smoothing, where multiple RE systems collaborate to overcome the limitations of individual systems; and degradation-aware smoothing, which considers BESS health in its decision-making. Finally, the paper identifies promising research directions in this field.

可再生能源（RE）的可变性，如光伏电站（PVPPs），是电网脱碳的主要挑战。广泛的文献存在于PVPP的可变性平滑技术，包括有和没有电池储能系统（BESS）。然而，其中一些技术可能会导致能量损失和机会成本，而其他技术可能需要更大的BESS容量才能有效运行。此外，不适当的控制设置可能导致BESS循环和退化增加。此外，某些技术可能只提供对上升事件而不是下降事件的控制。通过所有这些权衡，本文提供了最新的PVPP输出平滑技术及其实施相关的挑战，以及为减轻PVPP可变性对电网的影响而施加的电网代码。本文还提出了最先进的功能，以促进PVPPs的无缝电网集成。提出了响应动态天气条件和BESS健康诊断的自适应平滑技术；主动平滑，预测而不仅仅是反应斜坡事件；协同平滑，即多个RE系统协作克服单个系统的局限性；退化感知平滑，在决策时考虑BESS健康状况。最后，对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

A review on recent developments towards hydrogen evolution reaction for covalent organic frameworks 共价有机骨架的析氢反应研究进展

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116695

Awais Ali Aslam , Muhammad Shahid Nazir , Sadaf ul Hassan , Majid Niaz Akhtar , Murid Hussain , Sania Amjad , Alia Farooq , Aqeel Ahmad Khan

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a brand-new class of crystalline porous materials, gaining popularity due to their exceptional porosity, efficient crystallinity, and adjustable characteristics. Therefore, there has been much interest in the strategic advancement of photocatalysts relay on COF for applications such as energy production and environmental restoration. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using COFs to convert sunlight into sustainable fuel through water splitting has been the subject of significant research. Compared to traditional inorganic catalysts, COFs’ customizable band topologies, high surface areas, and inexpensive cost set them apart. However, studies in this area are just starting, and COFs still have several issues to overcome, such as poor stability, high binding energy for excitation, and low charge-carrier mobility. Mechanochemistry-based design strategies have been developed to synthesize and modify COFs, boosting their photocatalytic performance and helping them overcome these limitations. The charge separation of light absorption in COFs can be enhanced through many methods, and this may be achieved by improving the π conjugation, introducing hetero-atoms, or including metal complexes and adopting a donor-acceptor organization. The opportunities and challenges facing COF-based solid catalysts for environmentally friendly, long-term green fuel generation are also discussed. This investigation clearly shows the significance of COF-based materials in facilitating the solar light-directed H₂ generation process and may benefit the potential development of photocatalysts.

共价有机框架（COFs）是一类全新的晶体多孔材料，由于其独特的孔隙率，高效结晶度和可调节特性而受到欢迎。因此，COF光催化剂接力技术在能源生产和环境修复等方面的应用已成为人们关注的焦点。利用COFs通过水分解将太阳光转化为可持续燃料的光催化析氢技术一直是重要的研究课题。与传统的无机催化剂相比，COFs具有可定制的能带拓扑结构、高表面积和低廉的成本。然而，这方面的研究才刚刚起步，COFs还存在稳定性差、激发结合能高、载流子迁移率低等问题。基于机械化学的设计策略已经被开发出来来合成和修饰COFs，提高它们的光催化性能并帮助它们克服这些限制。增强COFs光吸收电荷分离的方法有很多，可以通过改善π共轭、引入杂原子、含金属配合物和采用供体-受体组织来实现。本文还讨论了基于cof的固体催化剂在环境友好、长期绿色燃料发电方面面临的机遇和挑战。这项研究清楚地表明了cof基材料在促进太阳能光导制氢过程中的重要性，并可能有利于光催化剂的潜在开发。

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引用次数: 0

Electricity–carbon coupling markets: mechanisms, models and digital enablers for low-carbon power system 电力-碳耦合市场：低碳电力系统的机制、模型和数字化推动者

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116691

Pengcheng Du , Tianhao Liu , Dongdong Zhang , Yu Du , Fannie Kong , Chao Huang , Haisen Zhao , Hui Hwang Goh

Electricity–carbon coupling trading (ECCT) is emerging as a practical way to connect carbon price signals with power system operation. This Review addresses three questions: how electricity and carbon markets are coupled in terms of market actors, price transmission and quota allocation; how these mechanisms can be represented in a coherent multi-agent modeling framework; and which digital tools are useful for ECCT implementation under real-world constraints. First, this Review examines global experience with carbon markets and power–carbon integration pilots and summarizes a three-dimensional mechanism framework that covers market-actor coordination, electricity–carbon price linkage and dynamic quota adjustment. Second, this Review synthesizes typical agent-based formulations for fossil generators, renewable producers and demand-side users into a unified modeling template and uses this template to interpret and compare existing ECCT studies. Third, this Review discusses the enabling roles and current limitations of high-precision carbon accounting, blockchain-based trust architectures and AI-driven market simulation. On this basis, this Review outlines key implementation challenges and policy implications.

电力-碳耦合交易（ECCT）是一种将碳价格信号与电力系统运行联系起来的实用方式。本报告涉及三个问题：电力和碳市场如何在市场参与者、价格传递和配额分配方面相结合；这些机制如何在一个连贯的多智能体建模框架中表示；以及在现实世界的限制下，哪些数字工具对ECCT的实施有用。首先，本报告考察了全球碳市场和电力-碳一体化试点的经验，并总结了一个涵盖市场-行动者协调、电力-碳价格联动和动态配额调整的三维机制框架。其次，本综述将化石燃料发电商、可再生能源生产商和需求侧用户的典型基于主体的公式综合成一个统一的建模模板，并使用该模板来解释和比较现有的ECCT研究。第三，本文讨论了高精度碳会计、基于区块链的信任架构和人工智能驱动的市场模拟的实现作用和当前的局限性。在此基础上，本报告概述了主要的实施挑战和政策影响。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing challenges induced by transactive energy: Implications for network cost allocation policy in distribution systems 解决由交易能源引起的挑战：对配电系统中网络成本分配政策的影响

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116686

N. Noorfatima, J. Kong, J. Jung

While transactive energy (TE) enables market-based mechanisms that enhance the integration and management of renewable energy, its implementation can also push the distribution system toward its operational limits. To mitigate this, network cost allocation (NCA) methods can be used to distribute costs and incentivize TE participants to adjust their trading capacities in accordance with the network conditions. However, most NCA methods were developed for transmission systems with centralized markets, which contrasts to TE application as local electricity markets in distribution networks where TE is typically applied. To address this gap, this study develops a guideline for TE operation that maintains distribution network reliability and overcomes local-based energy trading barriers through the implementation of NCA methods. The guideline explains how NCA method should account for the network-related physical properties while considering the nonphysical properties to support comprehensive TE decision-making strategies. Numerical simulation under varying network conditions and market variations are employed as proof-of-concept, assessing the applicability of NCA method through tailored metrics for each property. As a result, the selection of NCA methods is determined based on the numerical evidence demonstrating high scores across all assessed physical and non-physical properties. The guideline establishes transferable foundations for optimizing policies associated with the development of NCA methods for TE.

虽然交易能源（TE）使市场机制能够加强可再生能源的整合和管理，但它的实施也可能将配电系统推向其运行极限。为了缓解这一问题，可以使用网络成本分配（NCA）方法来分配成本并激励TE参与者根据网络条件调整其交易能力。然而，大多数NCA方法是为集中市场的传输系统开发的，这与TE应用于配电网络中的本地电力市场形成鲜明对比，后者通常应用TE。为了解决这一差距，本研究制定了一个TE运营指南，通过实施NCA方法来保持配电网的可靠性并克服基于本地的能源贸易壁垒。该指南解释了NCA方法应如何考虑网络相关的物理特性，同时考虑非物理特性，以支持全面的TE决策策略。采用不同网络条件和市场变化下的数值模拟作为概念验证，通过为每个属性量身定制的指标来评估NCA方法的适用性。因此，NCA方法的选择是基于在所有评估的物理和非物理特性中显示高分的数值证据来确定的。该指南为优化与TE的NCA方法开发相关的政策奠定了可转移的基础。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of the techno-economic feasibility and sustainability of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS): Global insights and strategic pathways 增强型地热系统（EGS）的技术经济可行性和可持续性评述：全球视角和战略路径

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116689

Zayed Bin Sultan, James J. Sheng

Geothermal energy is abundant beneath our feet but utilizing it economically and sustainably remains a challenge. While EGS offers a promising way to access deep geothermal energy, this study examines its techno-economic feasibility and long-term sustainability. The current levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for global EGS projects ranges from $35 to $250 per MWh, depending on site conditions and the technology used. In the U.S., the median LCOE for current EGS projects is typically above $70 per MWh and higher than the national average for all combined electricity sources. Meeting the U.S. DOE's 2035 target of $45/MWh often requires production rates exceeding 100 kg/s. In EGS, production directly depends on the injection rate. The continuous operation at high injection rates increases the risk of short-circuiting and channeling, resulting in premature thermal breakthrough. Thus, the rock's capacity to reheat fluid becomes impaired. The literature reports thermal drawdown rates of 1–4 % annually when flow rates are 30–70 kg/s. Production at higher rates might allow only 10–15 years of operation before the temperature drops below the 150 °C threshold needed for economic power generation. The lack of long-term field data adds uncertainty and limits reliable forecasting. Real-time temperature monitoring can help optimize operational strategies. Long-term EGS success depends on aligning production targets with site-specific conditions through adaptive management.

地热能在我们的脚下是丰富的，但经济地、可持续地利用它仍然是一个挑战。虽然EGS提供了一种很有前途的获取深层地热能的方法，但本研究考察了其技术经济可行性和长期可持续性。目前，全球EGS项目的平均电力成本（LCOE）在每兆瓦时35美元至250美元之间，具体取决于现场条件和使用的技术。在美国，目前EGS项目的平均LCOE通常在每兆瓦时70美元以上，高于全国所有综合电力来源的平均水平。要实现美国能源部2035年45美元/兆瓦时的目标，通常需要超过100公斤/秒的生产率。在EGS中，产量直接取决于注入速度。在高注入速率下的连续作业增加了短路和窜流的风险，从而导致过早的热突破。因此，岩石重新加热流体的能力受到损害。文献报道，当流量为30-70 kg/s时，热衰减率为每年1 - 4%。在温度降到经济发电所需的150°C以下之前，较高速率的生产可能只允许10-15年的运行。缺乏长期的现场数据增加了不确定性，并限制了可靠的预测。实时温度监测有助于优化操作策略。EGS的长期成功取决于通过适应性管理使生产目标与现场特定条件相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Deactivation mechanisms and anti-deactivation strategies of copper-based catalysts in selective catalytic reduction reactions: A review 铜基催化剂在选择性催化还原反应中的失活机理及抗失活策略研究进展

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116698

Bin Jia , Jun Liu , Xiaoqing Liu , Ying Wang , Yuqiong Zhao , Guoqiang Li , Guojie Zhang

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the threat of NO_x to air quality and human health has attracted widespread attention. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology has become the focus of research as an effective means to remove NO_x. Given China's stringent environmental policies, air pollution control is advancing rapidly. To strike a balance between environmental protection and economic viability, efforts should focus on reducing catalyst costs, extending their service life, and maintaining high catalytic activity. Among the various catalyst options, Cu-based catalysts are particularly valued for their outstanding low-temperature catalytic activity, affordability, and broad operating temperature range. The research history of these catalysts dates back to the 1970s and primarily develops along two main directions: molecular sieve systems and multi-component composite systems supported by TiO₂. These catalysts demonstrate remarkable advantages in low-temperature activity and wide temperature windows. However, Cu-based catalysts are often poisoned in practical applications due to the interference of various toxic substances, which leads to the decrease of catalytic performance and eventual catalyst inactivation. This paper reviews the poisoning mechanisms and anti-poisoning strategies of Cu-based catalysts for SCR reactions, focusing on the effects of toxic compounds such as SO₂, H₂O, alkali/alkaline earth and heavy metals, etc. on catalyst activity. To address the issue of easy poisoning in Cu-based catalysts, a strategy is proposed to enhance their anti-poisoning performance by introducing metal dopants, modifying the carrier, and optimizing the structure. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and development prospects of Cu-based catalyst research, which is expected to become one of the core catalysts for SCR denitrification technology in the future by continuously optimizing the catalyst design.

随着环保意识的增强，氮氧化物对空气质量和人体健康的威胁引起了人们的广泛关注。选择性催化还原（SCR）技术作为去除NOx的有效手段已成为研究的热点。鉴于中国严格的环境政策，大气污染治理正在迅速推进。为了在环境保护和经济可行性之间取得平衡，应努力降低催化剂成本，延长其使用寿命，并保持高催化活性。在各种催化剂选择中，铜基催化剂因其出色的低温催化活性、可负担性和广泛的工作温度范围而受到特别重视。这些催化剂的研究历史可以追溯到20世纪70年代，主要沿着分子筛体系和TiO2负载的多组分复合体系两个主要方向发展。这些催化剂在低温活性和宽温度窗方面表现出显著的优势。然而，在实际应用中，由于各种有毒物质的干扰，铜基催化剂往往会中毒，导致催化性能下降，最终导致催化剂失活。本文综述了SCR反应中cu基催化剂的中毒机理和抗中毒策略，重点介绍了SO2、H2O、碱/碱土、重金属等有毒化合物对催化剂活性的影响。针对铜基催化剂易中毒的问题，提出了通过引入金属掺杂剂、修饰载体和优化结构来提高其抗中毒性能的策略。最后，本文讨论了cu基催化剂研究面临的挑战和发展前景，通过对催化剂设计的不断优化，cu基催化剂有望成为未来SCR脱硝技术的核心催化剂之一。

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引用次数: 0

Toward sustainable data center operation: A review on existing infrastructures, integrated smart energy management frameworks, and future perspectives 迈向可持续数据中心运营：对现有基础设施、集成智能能源管理框架和未来前景的回顾

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116664

Amit Kumar, Naran M. Pindoriya

The digital transformation across technical and commercial sectors, alongside advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), is pivotal in driving the exponentially rising demand for data storage, cloud computing, and IT workloads. Therefore, data centers (DCs) have emerged as critical infrastructures with diverse architectural configurations to address these ever-growing requirements. However, DCs impose significant challenges related to high electrical power consumption, which in turn intensifies stress on the grid. Integrating onsite clean energy sources, such as solar PV and energy storage systems (ESS) at DCs, enables power utilities to reduce strain on the electrical grid while enhancing overall power stability and operational resilience. However, this integration necessitates that data center operators (DCOs) to efficiently manage IT workloads and cooling demand while co-optimizing onsite clean energy resources through smart energy management systems. The strategies developed in the system include digital modeling of the DC, AI-based forecasting modules, energy schedulers for IT workloads, and cooling load demands. This article provides a comprehensive review of various state-of-the-art DC architectures, operating challenges, and energy management frameworks that co-optimize the onsite energy assets for efficient DC operations. Further, this review paper highlights critical research gaps, articulates multi-domain interactions within DC operations, and outlines potential avenues for future research that are necessary for advancing sustainable and grid-responsive DCs.

技术和商业部门的数字化转型，以及人工智能（AI）的进步，是推动数据存储、云计算和IT工作负载需求呈指数级增长的关键。因此，数据中心（dc）已成为具有不同体系结构配置的关键基础设施，以满足这些不断增长的需求。然而，数据中心带来了与高电力消耗相关的重大挑战，这反过来又加剧了对电网的压力。在数据中心集成现场清洁能源，如太阳能光伏和储能系统（ESS），使电力公司能够减少电网的压力，同时提高整体电力稳定性和运行弹性。然而，这种集成要求数据中心运营商（dco）有效地管理IT工作负载和冷却需求，同时通过智能能源管理系统共同优化现场清洁能源资源。系统中开发的策略包括数据中心的数字建模、基于人工智能的预测模块、IT工作负载的能源调度程序和冷却负载需求。本文全面回顾了各种最先进的直流架构、操作挑战和能源管理框架，这些框架共同优化了现场能源资产，以实现高效的直流运行。此外，这篇综述论文强调了关键的研究差距，阐明了数据中心运营中的多领域相互作用，并概述了未来研究的潜在途径，这些途径对于推进可持续和电网响应的数据中心是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Energy flexibility strategies in urban areas: A sustainable energy consumption and production balance under a stochastic framework 城市地区能源弹性策略：随机框架下的可持续能源消费与生产平衡

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116678

Gianfranco Cipolla , Annamaria Buonomano , Giovanni Pernigotto , Andrea Gasparella

Modelling the energy balance in urban areas is significantly influenced by uncertainties arising from energy production, distribution, and consumption. Renewable energy sources and their distribution, throughout the urban environment, are susceptible to unpredictable meteorological conditions, while energy consumption patterns are shaped by the stochastic nature of individual behaviours, thus the evaluation of energy flexibility strategies remains challenging. Despite the longstanding recognition of stochasticity in the energy field, its accounting in urban energy modelling remains largely confined to single buildings. Furthermore, uncertainties have typically been addressed in isolation across the energy lifecycle: stochastic optimisation is predominantly used to define uncertainties on the energy production scale, while individuals' energy consumption behaviours are usually modelled through probabilistic distributions on aggregated averages, introducing biases in simulations. This review provides an overview of existing modelling approaches, highlighting various techniques for further development, and the appropriate degree of stochasticity required for more realistic outcomes in developing energy flexibility. The analysis draws more than 200 articles, examining different stochastic approaches, focusing also on data-driven implications, as the IoT technologies’ influence continues to grow. The main findings of this review emphasise the necessity for more comprehensive stochastic models that integrate all phases of the energy lifecycle. Such models would enable more realistic simulations, support the development of flexible efficient energy strategies, and address the complexities of urban energy systems in a holistic manner.

城市地区能源平衡的建模受到能源生产、分配和消费产生的不确定性的显著影响。可再生能源及其在整个城市环境中的分布容易受到不可预测的气象条件的影响，而能源消费模式则受个人行为的随机性影响，因此对能源灵活性战略的评价仍然具有挑战性。尽管长期以来认识到能源领域的随机性，但其在城市能源模型中的计算仍然主要局限于单个建筑物。此外，不确定性通常在整个能源生命周期中孤立地解决：随机优化主要用于定义能源生产规模上的不确定性，而个人的能源消费行为通常通过汇总平均值的概率分布建模，这在模拟中引入了偏差。这篇综述概述了现有的建模方法，强调了进一步发展的各种技术，以及在发展能源灵活性方面更现实的结果所需的适当程度的随机性。该分析引用了200多篇文章，研究了不同的随机方法，也关注了数据驱动的影响，因为物联网技术的影响持续增长。这篇综述的主要发现强调了建立更全面的随机模型以整合能源生命周期的所有阶段的必要性。这种模型将使模拟更加现实，支持制定灵活有效的能源战略，并以整体方式处理城市能源系统的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change and the water–food–energy nexus: A comprehensive review of sustainability challenges and innovations 气候变化与水-粮食-能源关系：对可持续性挑战和创新的全面回顾

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116676

Altyeb Ali Abaker Omer

Climate change is intensifying interdependencies across water, food, and energy systems, exposing structural vulnerabilities and widening sustainability gaps worldwide. This review synthesises 273 peer-reviewed publications (2015–2024) using an integrated bibliometric, conceptual, and content-analysis approach to assess the evolution of the Water–Food–Energy Nexus (WFEN). Through Bibliometrix and VOSviewer analyses, the study maps publication trends, identifies influential contributors, and traces the emergence of interdisciplinary frameworks shaping climate-adaptive nexus strategies. Two complementary pillars dominate contemporary WFEN scholarship. The first is the Environmental Livelihood Security (ELS) framework, which advances a governance-oriented model centered on equity, vulnerability reduction, institutional coherence, and livelihood resilience. The second is Agrivoltaic (AV) systems, which, by contrast, represent a rapidly growing class of climate-adaptive technologies that co-produce renewable energy, enhance water-use efficiency (WUE), stabilise crop yields, and buffer microclimates. By integrating these pillars, this review demonstrates how governance structures (ELS) and technological innovations (AV) can function as a unified socio-technical system supporting climate-resilient WFEN transitions. Findings reveal substantial geographic asymmetries, with research concentrated in high-income regions, while data and governance gaps persist in climate-vulnerable areas. The accelerating role of digitalisation, AI-assisted modelling, IoT-enabled monitoring, and hybrid simulation tools signals a transition toward more adaptive, data-driven WFEN management. The review contributes a consolidated ELS + AV framework that bridges social legitimacy and technological capability, aligning WFEN governance with SDGs 2, 6, 7, and 13. A forward-looking agenda is proposed, emphasizing region-specific empirical studies, inclusive governance mechanisms, and advanced modelling approaches to support equitable and climate-adaptive WFEN systems.

气候变化正在加剧水、粮食和能源系统之间的相互依赖，暴露出结构性脆弱性，并扩大全球可持续性差距。本综述综合了273篇同行评议的出版物（2015-2024），采用综合文献计量学、概念和内容分析方法来评估水-食物-能源关系（WFEN）的演变。通过Bibliometrix和VOSviewer的分析，该研究绘制了出版趋势图，确定了有影响力的贡献者，并追踪了形成气候适应联系战略的跨学科框架的出现。两个互补的支柱主导着当代WFEN奖学金。第一个框架是环境生计安全（ELS）框架，它推进了以公平、减少脆弱性、制度一致性和生计复原力为中心的治理导向模式。第二种是农业光伏（AV）系统，相比之下，它代表了一种快速增长的气候适应技术，可以共同生产可再生能源，提高水利用效率（WUE），稳定作物产量，缓冲小气候。通过整合这些支柱，本综述展示了治理结构（ELS）和技术创新（AV）如何作为一个统一的社会技术系统发挥作用，支持气候适应型WFEN转型。研究结果揭示了严重的地理不对称性，研究集中在高收入地区，而数据和治理差距在气候脆弱地区仍然存在。数字化、人工智能辅助建模、物联网监控和混合仿真工具的加速作用标志着向更具适应性、数据驱动的WFEN管理的转变。该评估提供了一个整合的ELS + AV框架，将社会合法性和技术能力联系起来，使WFEN治理与可持续发展目标2、6、7和13保持一致。提出了一项前瞻性议程，强调具体区域的实证研究、包容性治理机制和先进的建模方法，以支持公平和气候适应性的WFEN系统。

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