Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第8页

Local flexibility markets in the energy transition: A comparative review and framework for future development 能源转型中的地方灵活性市场：比较回顾和未来发展框架

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116614

Byuk-Keun Jo

Local Flexibility Markets (LFMs) are no longer experimental mechanisms but evolving governance systems that determine how distributed flexibility becomes an enduring component of national power systems. This paper reframes LFMs not as fixed market designs but as multidimensional transition processes shaped by the co-evolution of institutional, market, regulatory, digital, and social dynamics. Using a five-dimensional Transformational Framework, we conduct a cross-country comparative analysis of six regimes—the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Australia, and South Korea—to identify how differing governance logics and policy sequences influence the maturity and direction of LFM evolution. The results show that technological readiness alone is insufficient: sustainable scaling depends on institutional openness, regulatory adaptability, digital interoperability, and social legitimacy. The study distinguishes two dominant pathways of transition—institutionally anchored and regulator-driven—and highlights hybrid experimental approaches emerging in distributed energy contexts. It finds that misalignment among dimensions often explains stagnation more effectively than technological or economic constraints. Ultimately, LFMs represent adaptive governance infrastructures that integrate decarbonization objectives with localized operational needs. Their long-term success will depend on continuous coordination across governance layers, transforming flexibility from a policy experiment into a stable and legitimate market function for resilient, decentralized energy systems.

地方灵活性市场（LFMs）不再是实验性机制，而是不断发展的治理体系，它决定了分布式灵活性如何成为国家电力系统的持久组成部分。本文不是将LFMs重新定义为固定的市场设计，而是将其视为由制度、市场、监管、数字和社会动态共同演变形成的多维转型过程。利用五维转型框架，我们对英国、荷兰、德国、法国、澳大利亚和韩国等六种制度进行了跨国比较分析，以确定不同的治理逻辑和政策序列如何影响LFM演进的成熟度和方向。结果表明，仅靠技术准备是不够的：可持续的规模取决于制度开放性、监管适应性、数字互操作性和社会合法性。该研究区分了两种主要的过渡途径——制度锚定和监管者驱动——并强调了在分布式能源环境中出现的混合实验方法。研究发现，不同维度之间的不一致往往比技术或经济约束更能有效地解释经济停滞。最终，lfm代表了将脱碳目标与本地化操作需求集成在一起的自适应治理基础设施。它们的长期成功将取决于治理层之间的持续协调，将灵活性从政策实验转变为具有弹性、分散的能源系统的稳定、合法的市场功能。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress on the formation characteristics and enhanced storage mechanism of methane hydrate with containing porous framework system: Current progress, challenges and perspectives 含孔骨架体系甲烷水合物的形成特征及增强储集机制研究进展：现状、挑战与展望

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116656

Xuemin Zhang , Wenxin Dong , Yuyan Guo , Lulu Li , Jinping Li , Hongbin Song , Qingbai Wu , Peng Zhang

The hydrate-based method for gas storage technology is considered to be a very promising energy storage strategy. Methane hydrates have the advantages of high gas storage density, low safety risk and environmental friendliness and have attracted worldwide attention as an emerging storage and transportation solution. However, there have become major challenges and obstacles for this technology due to the prolonged induction time and slow formation rate. The rapid formation and enhanced storage of methane hydrate have become the key issues and challenges in this field. This paper systematically reviews the cross-scale enhancement effects of porous framework systems in methane hydrate storage and transport. Porous framework materials are categorized into inorganic, carbon-based, organic and metal-based frameworks. Key parameters such as pore size, particle size, stacking arrangement and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity are thoroughly analyzed for their influence on methane hydrate formation mechanisms. Building on this foundation, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the enhanced methane hydrate storage characteristics and mechanisms of porous framework systems, covering thermodynamics, quantitative comparisons of storage performance and storage behavior. Finally, the challenges of development prospects of porous framework systems for methane storage based hydrate technology are discussed and the future directions are pointed out.

基于水合物的储气技术被认为是一种非常有前途的储能策略。甲烷水合物具有储气密度高、安全风险低、环境友好等优点，作为一种新兴的储运解决方案受到了世界各国的广泛关注。然而，由于诱导时间长，地层速率慢，该技术面临着主要的挑战和障碍。甲烷水合物的快速形成和强化储存已成为该领域的关键问题和挑战。本文系统综述了多孔骨架体系在甲烷水合物储运中的跨尺度增强作用。多孔框架材料分为无机、碳基、有机和金属基框架。深入分析了孔径、粒径、堆积排列、亲疏水性等关键参数对甲烷水合物形成机理的影响。在此基础上，从热力学、储气性能和储气行为的定量比较等方面对多孔骨架体系的甲烷水合物强化储气特性和机理进行了全面分析。最后，讨论了多孔框架体系甲烷水合物技术发展前景面临的挑战，并指出了未来的发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Seawater as a sustainable feedstock for hydrogen production: Problems, solutions, and potential insights 海水作为氢生产的可持续原料：问题、解决方案和潜在的见解

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116619

Norulsamani Abdullah , Md Abu Zaed , Tan Kim Han , R. Saidur

Seawater electrolysis offers a sustainable and scalable approach for green hydrogen production by utilizing the Earth's most abundant water resource. However, unlike freshwater electrolysis, it is hindered by the complex chemistry of seawater. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the fundamental electrochemical principles, key challenges, recent technological advances, and future directions for seawater electrolysis. Major barriers include chloride-induced parasitic chlorine evolution reactions, electrode corrosion, pH-driven scaling from divalent ions, and membrane degradation caused by mass transfer limitations and fouling. Recent breakthroughs have focused on developing Cl⁻-resistant electrocatalysts, advanced membranes with improved ion selectivity, and innovative electrolyzer architectures. Complementary strategies in electrolyte engineering and interfacial environment optimization have further enhanced system performance and stability. The review also highlights the broader potential of seawater electrolysis in the hydrogen economy, emphasizing emerging trends, innovation opportunities and remaining research gaps. With continued interdisciplinary collaboration, seawater electrolysis has the potential to become a key technology for large-scale, carbon neutral hydrogen production, supporting global decarbonization and long-term energy security.

通过利用地球上最丰富的水资源，海水电解为绿色制氢提供了一种可持续和可扩展的方法。然而，与淡水电解不同的是，它受到海水复杂化学性质的阻碍。本文综述了海水电解的基本原理、主要挑战、最新技术进展和未来发展方向。主要障碍包括氯化物诱导的寄生氯析出反应、电极腐蚀、由二价离子引起的ph驱动结垢以及由传质限制和污垢引起的膜降解。最近的突破集中在开发抗Cl−电催化剂，具有改进离子选择性的先进膜和创新的电解槽结构。电解质工程和界面环境优化的互补策略进一步提高了系统的性能和稳定性。该综述还强调了海水电解在氢经济中的更广泛潜力，强调了新兴趋势、创新机会和仍然存在的研究差距。通过持续的跨学科合作，海水电解有可能成为大规模碳中性制氢的关键技术，支持全球脱碳和长期能源安全。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in heliostat control and optimization for CSP plants: A critical review 人工智能在光热电站定日镜控制与优化中的应用综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116637

P. Balakrishnan

This review evaluates how artificial intelligence (AI) enhances heliostat control and optimization in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, a critical need as global emissions reached 41.6 billion metric tons in 2024. The paper systematically evaluates AI and optimization techniques across four critical domains including heliostat field layout optimization, tracking accuracy enhancement, aiming and alignment optimization, and heat flux prediction and control. Results demonstrate significant performance improvements, with genetic algorithms increasing optical efficiency by 14.62 % in heliostat layouts. Notably, layout optimization techniques have successfully reduced the required number of heliostats from 864 to 541. Deep learning models reduce computation time from 600 s to 1 s (≈99.8 % reduction) and achieve 99.7 % recognition accuracy for heliostat detection. Neural network-based adaptive control systems reduce tracking errors to within 0.1 mrad, while StyleGAN architectures achieve 90 % flux prediction accuracy. The integration of machine learning with differentiable ray tracing delivers higher irradiance predictions using only 6000 rays versus traditional methods requiring 1,500,000 rays, achieving a lower L1 loss of 0.4 compared to 0.59. These technical advancements translate into substantial economic benefits, including a 3–4 % reduction in the levelized cost of electricity and annual operational savings of up to $30,000 per MW. Furthermore, the AI-optimized system can avoid approximately 57,624 tons of CO₂ emissions annually, strengthening their environmental value. The review highlights challenges such as data quality limitations, computational complexity, and practical deployment barriers. Future work should focus on developing robust, scalable control approaches that enhance the economic viability and long-term sustainability of CSP technologies.

本综述评估了人工智能（AI）如何增强聚光太阳能（CSP）系统的定日镜控制和优化，这是2024年全球排放量达到416亿吨的关键需求。本文系统评价了定日镜场布局优化、跟踪精度增强、瞄准对准优化、热流预测与控制等四个关键领域的人工智能与优化技术。结果表明，遗传算法在定日镜布局中的光学效率提高了14.62%。值得注意的是，布局优化技术已经成功地将定日镜所需的数量从864个减少到541个。深度学习模型将定日镜检测的计算时间从600秒减少到1秒（减少约99.8%），识别准确率达到99.7%。基于神经网络的自适应控制系统将跟踪误差降低到0.1 mrad以内，而StyleGAN架构的通量预测精度达到90%。机器学习与可微分光线追踪的集成仅使用6000条光线，而传统方法需要1,500,000条光线，实现更高的辐照度预测，L1损耗为0.4，而传统方法需要0.59。这些技术进步转化为巨大的经济效益，包括电力成本降低3 - 4%，每兆瓦每年可节省高达30,000美元的运营成本。此外，人工智能优化系统每年可避免约57,624吨二氧化碳排放，增强其环境价值。该综述强调了数据质量限制、计算复杂性和实际部署障碍等挑战。未来的工作应侧重于开发强大的、可扩展的控制方法，以提高CSP技术的经济可行性和长期可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical controls on fracture and fault responses to fluid injection in Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Current understanding and future directions 强化地热系统中流体注入对裂缝和断层响应的热-水-机械-化学控制：目前的认识和未来的方向

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116665

Dehao Meng , Yinlin Ji , Honghu Zhu , Supeng Zhang , Zetian Zhang , Hannes Hofmann , Arno Zang

The large-scale deployment of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is hindered by induced seismicity, as well as by limited and unsustained reservoir permeability enhancement. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the way fracture/fault stability and permeability evolve together, based on laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and field observations. While frameworks such as rate-and-state friction and displacement- and velocity-dependent aperture models have improved our understanding, significant gaps remain, particularly in capturing the coupled evolution of friction and permeability in geological discontinuities (fractures and faults) under realistic geothermal conditions. In this context, we have reviewed recent advances and outlined future endeavors in key factors influencing discontinuity behavior, including proppant use, mineral infill effects, thermal effects, fracture branching effects, normal constraint effects, and stick-split (i.e., episodic hydro-fracturing). We also highlighted the need for improved cross-scale analysis linking laboratory-, mine-, and field-data. Emerging technologies, such as distributed fiber-optic sensing and machine learning, offer new pathways to monitor, process, and interpret complex datasets, enabling better prediction and management of fracture and fault behavior under in-situ conditions. By proposing future research directions and emphasizing the integration of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupling and cross-scale approaches, this review aims to support the development of safer and more effective geothermal energy systems.

增强型地热系统（EGS）的大规模部署受到诱发地震活动以及有限和不可持续的储层渗透率提高的阻碍。本文综合了基于实验室实验、数值模拟和现场观测的裂缝/断层稳定性和渗透率共同演变方式的最新进展。尽管速率和状态摩擦、位移和速度相关的孔径模型等框架已经提高了我们的理解，但仍然存在显著的差距，特别是在捕捉实际地热条件下地质不连续（裂缝和断层）中摩擦和渗透率的耦合演化方面。在此背景下，我们回顾了最近的进展，并概述了未来影响不连续行为的关键因素，包括支撑剂的使用、矿物填充效应、热效应、裂缝分支效应、正常约束效应和粘裂（即间歇性水力压裂）。我们还强调需要改进连接实验室、矿山和现场数据的跨尺度分析。分布式光纤传感和机器学习等新兴技术为监测、处理和解释复杂数据集提供了新的途径，从而能够更好地预测和管理现场条件下的裂缝和断层行为。本文提出了未来的研究方向，强调热-水-机械-化学（THMC）耦合和跨尺度方法的整合，旨在为开发更安全、更有效的地热能系统提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring demand side flexibility through aggregation of individual devices 通过单个设备的聚合探索需求侧灵活性

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116655

Chenyu Su , Reza Fachrizal , Jakub Jurasz , Anders Avelin , Hailong Li

As the penetration of variable renewable energy sources increases, maintaining balance between supply and demand becomes challenging, which necessitates increased flexibility in operations across both sides of the energy system. While substantial research has focused on supply-side flexibility, this work shifts attention to demand-side management and reviews the flexibility potential achieved through the aggregation of diverse loads, including non-controllable loads, shiftable loads, interruptible loads, thermostatically controlled loads and home battery energy storage systems. Additionally, the participation of aggregated loads in various markets, particularly in day-ahead and balancing markets, is investigated showing substantial cost saving potentials: aggregation demonstrates 1 %–44 % operational cost reduction in the day-ahead market, while 6.7 %–43.8 % in balancing market through ferquency reserve services. Multi-market participation strategies combining different load types can achieve up to 50 % overall cost reductions, with larger aggregations showing higher optimization potential through advanced clustering methods. By addressing both technical and economic aspects, this review aims to guide aggregators and policymakers in optimizing demand-side resources to improve grid resilience, enhance renewable energy integration, and maximize user participation in flexibility markets.

随着可变可再生能源的渗透增加，维持供需平衡变得具有挑战性，这就需要在能源系统双方的操作中增加灵活性。虽然大量的研究集中在供应侧的灵活性上，但这项工作将注意力转移到需求侧管理上，并回顾了通过各种负载的聚合实现的灵活性潜力，包括不可控制负载、可移动负载、可中断负载、恒温控制负载和家用电池储能系统。此外，在各种市场中，特别是在日前和平衡市场中，对聚合负载的参与进行了调查，显示出巨大的成本节约潜力：通过频率储备服务，聚合负载在日前市场中降低了1% - 44%的运营成本，而在平衡市场中降低了6.7% - 43.8%的运营成本。结合不同负载类型的多市场参与策略可以实现高达50%的总成本降低，通过先进的聚类方法，更大的聚合显示出更高的优化潜力。通过解决技术和经济两个方面的问题，本综述旨在指导聚合商和政策制定者优化需求侧资源，以提高电网弹性，加强可再生能源整合，并最大限度地提高用户在灵活性市场中的参与度。

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引用次数: 0

Evolving safety challenges of power batteries in service: Insights and strategies 在役动力电池不断演变的安全挑战：见解和策略

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116621

Xunli Zhou , Sirui Wang , Zhenyu Hu , Shijie Wang , Xianchen Liu , Zhaosheng Zhang , Peng Liu , Yongchao Yu , Lei Li

Safety concerns have emerged as the central challenge constraining the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). During service life of EVs, power batteries undergo dynamic evolution in safety performance that fundamentally governs system reliability. This review concludes the main failure triggers from manufacturing to end-of-life, critically shape battery safety and can ultimately trigger thermal runaway (TR). We identify three dominant pathways of degradation. First, manufacturing defects induce localized current imbalances, internal short circuits (ISCs), and interfacial side reactions. Second, external abuse can directly initiate TR through structural damage. Third, long-term cycling leads to irreversible loss of active material and lithium inventory, progressively undermining thermal stability. The research further delineates two distinct patterns of safety evolution. One pathway involves defect- or abuse-induced ISCs that trigger TR, producing observable temperature spikes within seconds to hours. The other results from cumulative degradation under poor thermal or electrical management, manifesting as measurable capacity decline and resistance increase over days to years. To tackle these challenges, we propose a digital twin–based, multi-level safety perception framework that integrates high-precision sensing, mechanistic modeling, and artificial intelligence algorithms, thereby strengthening safety management. This approach offers insights into safeguarding power batteries across their service life and supports the sustainable and safe utilization of EVs.

安全问题已成为制约电动汽车广泛采用的核心挑战。在电动汽车的使用寿命期间，动力电池的安全性能会发生动态变化，从根本上决定着系统的可靠性。本文总结了从制造到寿命结束的主要故障触发因素，这些因素对电池的安全性至关重要，并可能最终引发热失控（TR）。我们确定了三种主要的降解途径。首先，制造缺陷会引起局部电流不平衡、内部短路（ISCs）和界面副反应。其次，外部滥用可以通过结构损伤直接引发TR。第三，长期循环导致活性物质和锂库存的不可逆损失，逐渐破坏热稳定性。该研究进一步描绘了两种不同的安全演化模式。一种途径涉及缺陷或滥用诱导的ISCs，它触发TR，在几秒到几小时内产生可观察到的温度峰值。另一种是由于热或电管理不良导致的累积退化，表现为可测量的容量下降和电阻增加，持续数天至数年。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一个基于数字孪生的多层次安全感知框架，该框架集成了高精度传感、机械建模和人工智能算法，从而加强了安全管理。这种方法为保护动力电池的整个使用寿命提供了见解，并支持电动汽车的可持续和安全利用。

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引用次数: 0

Thermochemical energy storage: bridging the gap between solar energy and long-term energy storage 热化学储能：弥合太阳能和长期储能之间的差距

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116658

Hui Kong , Xiangnan Tang , Tengyu Ma , Yongpeng Guo , Zhiqin Yang , Hongsheng Wang

The intermittent nature of solar energy significantly hampers its broader use. In response, thermal energy storage emerges as a prime solution, leveraging its cost efficiency and low corrosivity to efficiently harness solar power. Among the various strategies available, thermochemical energy storage is particularly notable for its superior energy density and minimal loss of energy, allowing for long-term and large-scale energy storage with high energy density. This document thoroughly reviews potential thermochemical energy storage reactions, with a special focus on those operating at temperatures below 2000 °C. It explores the foundational advancements of each reaction system, evaluates ongoing research efforts and obstacles, and outlines potential directions for future advancements. The insights offered are designed to inform and direct the development and selection of thermochemical energy storage systems, paving the way for their future implementation.

太阳能的间歇性极大地阻碍了它的广泛使用。因此，热能储存成为主要解决方案，利用其成本效益和低腐蚀性来有效利用太阳能。在各种可用的策略中，热化学储能以其优越的能量密度和最小的能量损失而特别值得注意，允许长期和大规模的高能量密度储能。本文全面回顾了潜在的热化学储能反应，特别关注那些在低于2000°C的温度下运行的反应。它探讨了每个反应系统的基础进展，评估了正在进行的研究工作和障碍，并概述了未来发展的潜在方向。提供的见解旨在为热化学储能系统的开发和选择提供信息和指导，为其未来的实施铺平道路。

引用次数: 0

Maintenance scheduling optimization in renewable and conventional power systems: A review 可再生能源和传统电力系统的维修计划优化：综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116613

Omid Sadeghian , Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani , Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

Periodic maintenance services are important for power system components to minimize potential failures and repair costs, improving system reliability, and postpone the need for constructing new generating units and transmission lines. The maintenance scheduling (MS) program is designed to optimally determine the planned outage periods of related units and lines for maintenance services. This work presents a critical review of generation and transmission MS strategies in both renewable and conventional power systems. It highlights key factors influencing optimal MS, such as the dynamics in electricity market, load demand, and reserve requirements. The concept of integrated MS (i.e., coordinated generation and transmission MS) is also discussed. The review covers MS frameworks for various renewable sources including hydropower, wind turbines, and photovoltaic systems, alongside conventional units such as thermal plants, gas turbines, and cogeneration systems. The review also deals with uncertainties, objective functions, and coordination of MS with broader power system problems, such as fuel limits, congestion, and carbon emissions. Moreover, the work emphasizes real-world MS programs implemented across different countries with giving key findings and research gaps. This study is beneficial for researchers seeking to advance the field in future studies and power utilities aiming to implement effective and efficient MS programs.

定期维护服务对于电力系统组件非常重要，可以最大限度地减少潜在故障和维修成本，提高系统可靠性，并推迟建设新发电机组和输电线路的需要。维护计划（MS）程序的设计是为了最佳地确定相关单元和线路的维护服务计划停机时间。本文对可再生能源和传统电力系统中的发电和输电MS策略进行了综述。重点分析了电力市场动态、负荷需求和备用需求等影响最优调度的关键因素。本文还讨论了集成质谱的概念（即协调发电和传输质谱）。该综述涵盖了各种可再生能源的MS框架，包括水力发电、风力涡轮机和光伏系统，以及传统装置，如热电厂、燃气轮机和热电联产系统。该报告还讨论了不确定性、目标函数以及MS与更广泛的电力系统问题（如燃料限制、拥堵和碳排放）的协调。此外，这项工作强调了在不同国家实施的现实世界的MS项目，并给出了关键发现和研究差距。本研究对寻求在未来研究中推进该领域的研究人员和旨在实施有效和高效的MS计划的电力公司有益。

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引用次数: 0

Accelerating widespread adoption of direct air capture based on system perspective: Thermodynamic limits, geographical deployment, and clean energy integration 基于系统视角加速直接空气捕获的广泛采用：热力学限制、地理部署和清洁能源整合

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116702

Chunfeng Li , Shuai Deng , Xiangkun Elvis Cao , Shuangjun Li

Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a critical negative emission technology essential to achieve the global climate targets. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by a multitude of technical, economic, deployment, and sustainability challenges. The purpose of this review is to bridge this critical gap by deconstructing the challenges and opportunities for DAC through a novel, three-tiered analytical framework. Basically, the fundamental challenge of DAC lies in the high energy consumption and low exergy efficiency associated with CO₂ enrichment from its low atmospheric concentration. Analysis suggests that the thermodynamic limits of different DAC pathways, which dictate their theoretical energy consumption, are the primary determinants of their technological maturity and potential for large-scale development. From the perspective of geographical deployment, the idealized notion of placing DAC facilities anywhere is unfeasible due to practical, location-specific constraints. Combining large-scale centralized hubs with agile distributed units is a critical enabler for achieving diversified and efficient deployment. Furthermore, as the environmental benefits of DAC are critically dependent on the availability of clean energy, effective integration with the energy system is paramount. The argument of this review is that DAC, when combined with CO₂ utilization and storage and powered by clean energy, may hold distinct advantages over Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in terms of theoretical removal potential and resource sustainability, presenting a fundamental opportunity for DAC to become a true negative carbon solution. By providing such a holistic synthesis, our work establishes a strategic roadmap for prioritizing research, investment, and policy, transforming the discourse from isolated technical problems to a cohesive system-engineering challenge.

直接空气捕获（DAC）是实现全球气候目标的关键负排放技术。然而，它的广泛采用受到众多技术、经济、部署和可持续性挑战的阻碍。本综述的目的是通过一个新颖的三层分析框架解构DAC的挑战和机遇，弥合这一关键差距。基本上，DAC的根本挑战在于其高能耗和低能效，与低大气浓度的CO2富集有关。分析表明，不同DAC途径的热力学极限决定了其理论能量消耗，是其技术成熟度和大规模发展潜力的主要决定因素。从地理部署的角度来看，由于实际的、特定地点的限制，将DAC设施放置在任何地方的理想概念是不可行的。将大规模集中式集线器与敏捷分布式单元相结合是实现多样化和高效部署的关键因素。此外，由于DAC的环境效益严重依赖于清洁能源的可用性，因此与能源系统的有效整合至关重要。这篇综述的论点是，当与二氧化碳利用和储存相结合并由清洁能源提供动力时，在理论去除潜力和资源可持续性方面，DAC可能比具有碳捕获和储存（BECCS）的生物能源具有明显的优势，为DAC成为真正的负碳解决方案提供了一个基本的机会。通过提供这样一个整体的综合，我们的工作为研究、投资和政策的优先排序建立了一个战略路线图，将话语从孤立的技术问题转变为一个有凝聚力的系统工程挑战。

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引用次数: 0