Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第8页

Multiscale hybrid surface structure modifications for enhanced pool boiling heat transfer: State-of-the-art review 多尺度混合表面结构改造用于增强池沸腾传热：最新技术回顾

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115018

Qian Wang , Haoshan Ren , Pei Huang , Dian-ce Gao , Yongjun Sun

With substantial heat dissipation capacity and high energy efficiency, pool boiling represents a promising thermal management solution for high-power-density computing technologies. To address the increasing demand for improved heat dissipation, pool boiling heat transfer must be enhanced to attain a lower initial boiling temperature, increased heat transfer coefficient, and improved critical heat flux. Modification of surface structures is effective to achieve these enhancements, and recent studies have focused on multiscale hybrid surface structure modifications for synergistic effects. Compared with single-scale surface structure modifications, multiscale hybrid strategies are more complex in terms of enhancement mechanisms, influencing factors, and numerical modeling. However, timely reviews that explore and summarize these achievements are still lacking. To bridge this gap, this study presents a state-of-the-art review on multiscale hybrid surface structure modifications aimed at enhancing pool boiling heat transfers. First, This research introduces three typical scaled surface structure modifications, including macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale strategies. Subsequently, their hybrid use, enhancement mechanisms, and major influencing factors are systematically explored, reviewed, and summarized. Specifically, this research focus on macro/micro hybrid structures, micro/micro hybrid structures, micro/nano hybrid structures, and nano-amphiphilic structures. For each hybrid structure, different formats and combinations are presented and analyzed. Furthermore, the associated numerical modeling techniques are summarized and comparatively analyzed. Lastly, the major findings are outlined, and recommendations for future studies are highlighted. This review can serve as a timely contribution to advancing our understanding of multiscale hybrid surface structure modifications for enhanced pool boiling and provide guidance for advanced surface structure modification techniques.

池沸腾具有强大的散热能力和较高的能效，是高功率密度计算技术中一种前景广阔的热管理解决方案。为了满足日益增长的改善散热的需求，池沸腾传热必须得到加强，以达到更低的初始沸腾温度、更高的传热系数和更好的临界热通量。表面结构改性是实现这些改进的有效方法，最近的研究侧重于多尺度混合表面结构改性，以获得协同效应。与单尺度表面结构改性相比，多尺度混合策略在增强机制、影响因素和数值建模方面更为复杂。然而，目前仍缺乏对这些成果进行探讨和总结的及时综述。为了弥补这一不足，本研究对旨在增强池沸腾传热的多尺度混合表面结构改性进行了最新综述。首先，本研究介绍了三种典型的尺度表面结构改性，包括宏观尺度、微观尺度和纳米尺度策略。随后，系统地探讨、回顾和总结了它们的混合使用、增强机制和主要影响因素。具体而言，本研究重点关注宏观/微观混合结构、微观/微观混合结构、微观/纳米混合结构和纳米亲水结构。针对每种混合结构，介绍并分析了不同的形式和组合。此外，还总结并比较分析了相关的数值建模技术。最后，概述了主要研究成果，并强调了对未来研究的建议。这篇综述有助于加深我们对多尺度混合表面结构修饰以增强池沸腾的理解，并为先进的表面结构修饰技术提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid control for capacitor-assisted Z-source inverter in grid-connected photovoltaic system 并网光伏系统中电容器辅助 Z 源逆变器的混合控制

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115002

A. Radhika , Kurakula Vimala Kumar , A. Prakash

Renewable energy integration into the power grid is essential for sustainable energy systems, but maintaining efficiency and reliability in such systems remains a key challenge. This study introduces a novel hybrid control topology for a Capacitor-Assisted Extended Boost Z-Source Multilevel Inverter in a grid associated solar photovoltaic (PV) structure. The suggested hybrid technique implies a united implementation of a Gannet Optimization Algorithm and Spiking Deep Residual Network and usually referred as GOA-SDRN technique. Initially, the modelling of the inverter is collected to get the best signal by the proposed controller. The proposed inverter configuration consists of a minimal quantity of diodes, switches, and sources. This configuration also offers advantages like less total harmonic distortion (THD) and reduced electromagnetic interference, making it a favourable choice for PV integration. The GOA is employed to determine the most favourable gain limiting factor based on a variation of power from their regular values. This control method ideally satisfies the load demand while reducing changes in the system limiting factor and external disturbances. The proposed control topology is executed in MATLAB and the concept is contrasted to different techniques. The THD values of existing methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm are 1.36 %,0.89 %, and 1.99 % respectively, while the THD value of the proposedmethod is 0.63 %, demonstrating its optimal performance over existing methods. The proposed GOA-SDRN technique provides an effective solution for enhancing inverter efficiency and reducing distortion in grid-associated PV systems.

将可再生能源并入电网对可持续能源系统至关重要，但保持此类系统的效率和可靠性仍是一项关键挑战。本研究为电网相关太阳能光伏（PV）结构中的电容辅助扩展升压 Z 源多级逆变器引入了一种新型混合控制拓扑。所建议的混合技术意味着将甘尼特优化算法和尖峰深度残差网络联合起来实施，通常称为 GOA-SDRN 技术。首先，收集逆变器的建模，以便通过建议的控制器获得最佳信号。建议的逆变器配置由最少的二极管、开关和源组成。这种配置还具有总谐波失真（THD）小、电磁干扰少等优点，是光伏集成的有利选择。GOA 用于根据功率与常规值的差异确定最有利的增益限制因子。这种控制方法既能理想地满足负载需求，又能减少系统限制因子的变化和外部干扰。在 MATLAB 中执行了所提出的控制拓扑结构，并将这一概念与不同的技术进行了对比。粒子群优化、遗传算法和蚱蜢优化算法等现有方法的总谐波失真（THD）值分别为 1.36 %、0.89 % 和 1.99 %，而提议方法的总谐波失真（THD）值为 0.63 %，表明其性能优于现有方法。所提出的 GOA-SDRN 技术为提高逆变器效率和减少电网相关光伏系统的失真提供了有效的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Recent research advances in wind turbine thermal management technologies 风力涡轮机热管理技术的最新研究进展

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114983

Jun Ji, Chaoxiang Zhang, Xuelai Zhang, Yi Chen

The global environment is deteriorating and the energy demand is increasing rapidly, leading to a growing interest in the development and utilization of new energy sources. Among them, wind energy stands out as a widely distributed and non-polluting renewable option, making wind power generation technology a key focus of scientific research. As the research on wind power generation continues to advance, wind turbines worldwide are evolving towards higher power and larger capacity. However, the progress in the research on cooling methods for wind power generation systems has been slow, resulting in the current cooling technology being unable to completely solve the heat buildup problem of wind turbines. To ensure efficient heat dissipation of high-power and large-capacity wind turbines, there is a need for a stable and effective thermal management system. This study reviews the state of research on cooling technologies for wind power systems and provides an overview of the thermal behavior and temperature field distribution of current wind power system components. In addition, the potential use of the thermal management technology based on phase change materials in wind power thermal management system in the future is also discussed.

全球环境日益恶化，能源需求迅速增长，人们对开发和利用新能源的兴趣与日俱增。其中，风能作为一种分布广泛、无污染的可再生能源脱颖而出，使风力发电技术成为科学研究的重点。随着风力发电研究的不断深入，世界范围内的风力涡轮机正朝着更大功率、更大容量的方向发展。然而，风力发电系统冷却方法的研究进展缓慢，导致目前的冷却技术无法彻底解决风力涡轮机的热量积聚问题。为确保大功率、大容量风力涡轮机的高效散热，需要一种稳定有效的热管理系统。本研究回顾了风力发电系统冷却技术的研究现状，并概述了当前风力发电系统组件的热行为和温度场分布。此外，还讨论了基于相变材料的热管理技术在未来风电热管理系统中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated market scheduling with flexibility options 具有灵活选项的综合市场调度

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115020

Nikolaos E. Koltsaklis, Jaroslav Knápek

This work presents a generic optimization framework using advanced mixed-integer programming techniques to integrate day-ahead and balancing markets with distributed energy resources such as storage, electric vehicles, demand response, and Transmission and Distribution System Operators' coordination schemes. The day-ahead model determines optimal initial energy scheduling, while the balancing model optimizes energy and reserve products for three market designs with varying Transmission and Distribution System Operators’ coordination. The framework is applied to the interconnected Greek-Bulgarian-Romanian power system, considering 2030 installed capacities.

The model outputs illustrate market coupling scenarios among Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece, highlighting clear price signals and distributed energy resources flexibility. Results reveal the significance of a diverse energy mix for energy security and show that Transmission and Distribution System Operators’ coordination significantly influences ancillary service prices, with reductions of up to 80 % in certain scenarios. Net demand values determine electricity flow direction. Flexibility providers like storage can cover up to 100 % of the upward congestion management requirements and 11 % of upward balancing energy, helping smooth energy allocation from intermittent renewables. The impact of electric vehicle penetration on generation scheduling is minimal. The proposed model offers valuable insights for system operators, market participants, and policymakers, enabling them to provide accurate price signals and optimize resource allocation.

The integrated day-ahead and balancing market models support efficient renewable energy integration, emissions reduction, enhanced grid stability, and investment in low-carbon technologies. This aligns with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change goals, contributing to the development of sustainable and resilient energy systems.

这项研究提出了一个通用优化框架，利用先进的混合整数编程技术，将日前市场和平衡市场与分布式能源资源（如储能、电动汽车、需求响应）以及输配电系统运营商协调方案相结合。日前模型确定了最佳初始能源调度，而平衡模型则针对三种市场设计优化了能源和储备产品，并采用了不同的输配电系统运营商协调方案。考虑到 2030 年的装机容量，该框架被应用于互联的希腊-保加利亚-罗马尼亚电力系统。模型输出说明了罗马尼亚、保加利亚和希腊之间的市场耦合情况，突出了清晰的价格信号和分布式能源资源的灵活性。结果揭示了多样化能源组合对能源安全的重要意义，并表明输电和配电系统运营商的协调对辅助服务价格有显著影响，在某些情况下，辅助服务价格的降幅可达 80%。净需求值决定了电力流向。储能等灵活性提供者可满足高达 100% 的上行拥塞管理要求和 11% 的上行平衡能量，帮助平滑间歇性可再生能源的能量分配。电动汽车渗透率对发电调度的影响微乎其微。所提出的模型为系统运营商、市场参与者和政策制定者提供了有价值的见解，使他们能够提供准确的价格信号并优化资源配置。这符合《联合国气候变化框架公约》的目标，有助于发展可持续和有弹性的能源系统。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon footprints of centralized and decentralized food waste utilization pathways 集中式和分散式厨余利用途径的碳足迹

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115040

Lei Zhang , Huan Li , Li Yang , Xinrui Du , Yingjun Zhou , Guofen Sun , Jianguo Liu

Food waste is usually utilized in centralized treatment facilities and is sometimes treated in decentralized facilities; however, the latter has not been evaluated systematically regarding carbon emissions. This study surveyed fifty-nine centralized and decentralized food waste treatment projects in Shenzhen, and incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting, and emerging technologies such as insect bioconversion and organic acid production were applied. Their carbon footprints were analyzed based on real data covering collection and transport, energy and material consumption, secondary pollutant control, and impurity disposal. The results showed that centralized facilities had a lower overall carbon footprint, although carbon emissions from their collection and transportation were higher. Anaerobic digestion performed best with an average carbon emission of −136.63 kg CO₂-eq/t, followed by black soldier fly larvae cultivation (−12.86 kg CO₂-eq/t), incineration (−11.02 kg CO₂-eq/t), and organic acid production (−6.86 kg CO₂-eq/t). All decentralized facilities were operated with net carbon emissions because they consumed a large amount of electricity or thermal heat without the full use of organic matter in the food waste. An optimal route was recommended by combining centralized anaerobic digestion and decentralized squeezing dewatering with adequate oil recovery, and this can make the overall carbon emission decrease from −6.72 kg CO₂-eq/t to −17.75 kg CO₂-eq/t. These results can provide decision-makers with guidance on food waste management to support net zero and sustainable development goal 12 and 13.

餐厨垃圾通常由集中式处理设施处理，有时也由分散式处理设施处理，但后者的碳排放量尚未得到系统评估。本研究调查了深圳市 59 个集中式和分散式餐厨垃圾处理项目，应用了焚烧、厌氧消化、堆肥以及昆虫生物转化和有机酸生产等新兴技术。根据收集和运输、能源和材料消耗、二次污染物控制和杂质处理等方面的真实数据，对它们的碳足迹进行了分析。结果表明，集中式设施的总体碳足迹较低，但其收集和运输过程中的碳排放量较高。厌氧消化的表现最好，平均碳排放量为-136.63 千克二氧化碳当量/吨，其次是黑兵蝇幼虫养殖（-12.86 千克二氧化碳当量/吨）、焚烧（-11.02 千克二氧化碳当量/吨）和有机酸生产（-6.86 千克二氧化碳当量/吨）。所有分散式设施在运行时都有净碳排放，因为它们消耗了大量电力或热能，却没有充分利用厨余垃圾中的有机物。通过将集中式厌氧消化和分散式挤压脱水与充分的油回收相结合，推荐了一条最佳路线，这可使总体碳排放量从-6.72 千克二氧化碳当量/吨降至-17.75 千克二氧化碳当量/吨。这些结果可为决策者提供餐厨垃圾管理方面的指导，以支持净零排放和可持续发展目标 12 和 13。

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引用次数: 0

A detailed survey of recyclable food discards for the production of alternative fuels – Present and future aspects 用于生产替代燃料的可回收食品废弃物详细调查--现状与未来

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115005

Arivalagan Pugazhendhi , Ashutosh Sharma

Food waste residues and discards from vegetables, fruits, bread, meat, and dairy products are often discarded in landfills as waste. However, these wasted food residues can be utilized to produce renewable, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and eliminate greenhouse gases. The conversion of biological food wastes into biofuels can also fulfil the existing demand for fossil fuels in transportation. Food discards are rich in fatty acids, lipids, and carbohydrates suitable for producing biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, and biobutanol. There are some significant problems when it comes to using food waste for biofuels. Some of the considerations include maintaining the policies for the food wastes, methodologies employed for conversion, and availability of the raw material throughout the year. Although gasification of waste food products is widespread, the results are unsatisfactory. However, to find out a better way to use food discards for biofuel production, it is essential to find promising technologies. The present literature survey emphasizes the catalytic routes that have shown promising fuel outputs embedded techniques and methodologies, namely transesterification, cracking, and fermentation. We conclude that bioethanol and biodiesel production by enzymatic method is precise, and catalytic cracking is the promising better technique in prime aspects. This review provides details on the use of different food waste in producing biofuels, the economic impact of using food discards, and the futuristic plan for using food discard in beneficial, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ways.

从蔬菜、水果、面包、肉类和奶制品中产生的食物残渣和废弃物通常被作为垃圾丢弃在垃圾填埋场。然而，这些被浪费的食物残渣可以用来生产可再生的、具有成本效益的、环保的、消除温室气体的燃料。将生物食物废料转化为生物燃料，还可以满足现有运输对化石燃料的需求。食物残渣富含脂肪酸、脂类和碳水化合物，适合生产生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物甲烷、生物氢和生物丁醇。在利用食物垃圾生产生物燃料方面存在一些重大问题。其中的一些考虑因素包括食品废料政策的维护、转化所采用的方法以及全年原料的可用性。虽然对废弃食品进行气化的做法很普遍，但效果并不理想。然而，要找到利用废弃食品生产生物燃料的更好方法，必须找到有前途的技术。本文献调查强调了已显示出有前景的燃料产出嵌入技术和方法的催化路线，即酯交换、裂解和发酵。我们得出的结论是，用酶法生产生物乙醇和生物柴油是精确的，而催化裂化在主要方面是前景更好的技术。本综述详细介绍了利用不同的食物垃圾生产生物燃料、利用食物垃圾的经济影响，以及以有益、经济和生态友好的方式利用食物垃圾的未来计划。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental tradeoff on integrated carbon capture and in-situ methanation technology 碳捕集与原位甲烷化综合技术的环境权衡

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115029

Y. Huang , W. Liu , J.Y. Yong , X.J. Zhang , C. Wu , L. Jiang

Compared to conventional CO₂ removal methods, carbon capture and in-situ conversion using dual function materials avoid compression and transportation of CO₂, which is regarded as a promising technology. Although it brings additional economic benefits, the environmental impacts of CO₂ capture and conversion remain unclear. A life cycle assessment of an integrated CO₂ capture and methanation system using dual function materials is conducted to investigate its feasibility to reduce global warming. Life cycle inventory is obtained through construction, operation, and disposal process of the integrated system. A dynamic model of CO₂ capture and methanation is developed to obtain the operating parameters. Results show that the optimal global warming potential is 0.706 kg CO_2,eq per kilogram captured CO₂, which indicates the advantages of using dual function materials for carbon mitigation. Global warming potential is a minor factor among the overall normalized environmental impacts, only accounting for 0.5 % of the total normalized impact, while the main factor marine aquatic ecotoxicity accounts for around 73 %, and fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity accounts for around 23 %. Global warming potential is the most affected by green hydrogen input, followed by dual function material input. Results reveal that the integrated CO₂ capture and conversion using dual function materials is conducive to carbon mitigation but has significant other environmental impacts, such as marine aquatic ecotoxicity, and the main contributors to the environmental impacts are wind electricity, green hydrogen, refrigerator, and dual function material.

与传统的二氧化碳去除方法相比，利用双功能材料进行碳捕集与就地转化可避免二氧化碳的压缩和运输，被认为是一项前景广阔的技术。虽然它能带来额外的经济效益，但二氧化碳捕获和转化对环境的影响仍不明确。本文对使用双功能材料的二氧化碳捕集和甲烷化综合系统进行了生命周期评估，以研究其减少全球变暖的可行性。通过综合系统的建造、运行和处置过程获得了生命周期清单。建立了二氧化碳捕集与甲烷化动态模型，以获得运行参数。结果表明，最佳全球升温潜能值为每千克二氧化碳捕获 0.706 千克二氧化碳当量，这表明了使用双功能材料进行碳减排的优势。全球升温潜能值是整个归一化环境影响中的次要因素，仅占归一化总影响的 0.5%，而主要因素海洋水生生态毒性约占 73%，淡水水生生态毒性约占 23%。全球升温潜能值受绿色氢输入的影响最大，其次是双功能材料输入。研究结果表明，使用双功能材料进行二氧化碳捕集与转化的综合技术有利于碳减排，但也会对其他环境产生重大影响，如海洋水生生态毒性，而造成环境影响的主要因素是风电、绿色氢气、冰箱和双功能材料。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing shipboard waste heat management with advanced technologies 利用先进技术加强舰船余热管理

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114871

Giovanni Barone , Annamaria Buonomano , Gianluca Del Papa , Robert Maka , Adolfo Palombo

The complexity of the energy systems onboard ships, combined with the different operating/weather conditions and the availability of cutting-edge technologies, makes analyses for improving the energy and environmental performances of ships time consuming and challenging. From this point of view, this article provides new criteria for the sustainable design and management of energy systems of existing or new ships. In particular, the impact of the adoption of organic Rankine cycle units, wet steam volumetric expanders, and single or double effect absorption chillers is here investigated. Two types of ships are examined as suitable case studies, evaluating the impact of each technology and their combinations by varying the shipping cruises. By using a dynamic simulation approach, potential savings and optimal solutions are assessed for different energy system layouts by also comparing their economic, energy and environmental impact performance. Results are reported in specific performance matrices for helping stakeholders in preliminary energy efficiency analyses.

In particular, outcomes show that high cooling demands of ships in the Caribbean Sea enable primary energy savings close to 4.5 %, compared to 3.5 % in the Mediterranean Sea and 3 % in the North Sea. In the latter case, cooling needs can be almost fully balanced through the examined energy recovery technologies. Screw expanders integrate best in all operating conditions with short paybacks, whilst organic Rankine cycles (with electrical efficiency above 8%) are advantageous especially in cold climate routes. Benefits on environmental impact are significant, with avoided CO₂ emissions around 6 kt/y, depending on the selected ship cruise.

船上能源系统的复杂性，加上不同的操作/天气条件和尖端技术的可用性，使得改善船舶能源和环境性能的分析既耗时又具有挑战性。因此，本文为现有或新建船舶能源系统的可持续设计和管理提供了新的标准。特别是，本文研究了采用有机朗肯循环装置、湿蒸汽容积式膨胀机以及单效或双效吸收式冷却器的影响。我们将两类船舶作为合适的案例进行研究，通过改变航程来评估每种技术及其组合的影响。使用动态模拟方法，通过比较不同能源系统布局的经济、能源和环境影响性能，评估了潜在的节约和最佳解决方案。特别是，结果表明，加勒比海船舶的高冷却需求可使一次能源节约率接近 4.5%，而地中海为 3.5%，北海为 3%。在后一种情况下，通过所研究的能量回收技术几乎可以完全满足冷却需求。螺杆膨胀机在所有运行条件下都能实现最佳集成，投资回收期短，而有机朗肯循环（电效率超过 8%）则具有优势，尤其是在寒冷气候条件下。对环境影响的效益非常显著，根据所选船舶的巡航情况，可避免约 6 kt/y 的二氧化碳排放量。

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引用次数: 0

Low-carbon hydrogen production by molten metal–catalyzed methane pyrolysis: Catalysts, reactor design, and process development 熔融金属催化甲烷热解低碳制氢：催化剂、反应器设计和工艺开发

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114999

G.U. Ingale , D.H. Park , C.W. Yang , H.M. Kwon , T.G. Wi , Y.J. Park , S. Kim , Y.B. Kang , Y.I. Lim , S.W. Kim , U.D. Lee

This review focuses on low-carbon H₂ production via the non-oxidative decomposition of CH₄. The plasma-based methane decomposition, water splitting, nuclear thermochemical cycles, and steam methane reforming were compared with those of molten metal (MM)-based CH₄ pyrolysis based on thermodynamic, techno-economic, and environmental aspects. The selection of MM catalysts and reactor materials was described for CH₄ pyrolysis, followed by sustainable heat sources and reactor configurations. An electromagnetic levitation method was presented to elucidate the intrinsic reaction rates based on the bubble surface area, regardless of the reactor type and residence time. Models including the physical properties of the gas and liquid phases, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer of carbon were then discussed for the effective design of MM-based bubble column reactors (MMBCRs). Moreover, a process flow diagram integrating natural gas pre-treatment, CH₄ pyrolysis reaction, H₂ and carbon separations, and H₂ storage was introduced for commercial-scale H₂ production. As carbon byproduct is three times the H₂ weight, the applications of carbon products were investigated to improve the economic feasibility of MM-based CH₄ pyrolysis. Metal impurities in the carbon byproduct should be removed to increase the purity and convert carbon into a high-value-added material. This review culminates with conclusions and future perspectives on low-carbon H₂ production using MMBCRs.

本综述侧重于通过非氧化分解 CH4 来生产低碳 H2。基于热力学、技术经济和环境方面的考虑，对基于等离子体的甲烷分解、水分裂、核热化学循环和蒸汽甲烷重整与基于熔融金属（MM）的甲烷热解进行了比较。介绍了用于 CH4 热解的 MM 催化剂和反应器材料的选择，随后介绍了可持续热源和反应器配置。介绍了一种电磁悬浮方法，以阐明基于气泡表面积的固有反应速率，而与反应器类型和停留时间无关。然后讨论了包括气相和液相的物理性质、反应动力学和碳传质在内的模型，以有效设计基于 MM 的气泡柱反应器（MMBCRs）。此外，针对商业规模的 H2 生产，介绍了集天然气预处理、CH4 高温分解反应、H2 和碳分离以及 H2 储存于一体的工艺流程图。由于碳副产品的重量是 H2 重量的三倍，因此研究了碳产品的应用，以提高基于 MM 的 CH4 热解的经济可行性。应去除碳副产品中的金属杂质以提高纯度，并将碳转化为高附加值材料。本综述最后提出了利用 MMBCR 生产低碳 H2 的结论和未来展望。

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引用次数: 0

From knowledge gaps to technological maturity: A comparative review of pathways to deep emission reduction for energy-intensive industries 从知识差距到技术成熟：能源密集型产业深度减排途径的比较审查

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115023

Philipp Diesing , Gabriel Lopez , Philipp Blechinger , Christian Breyer

Energy intensive industries, such as steel, cement, basic chemicals, aluminium, glass as well as pulp and paper contribute substantial amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, which further accelerate climate change. The emissions from industry are generally considered hard-to-abate and technological solutions are often not yet mature. Additionally, the ideal technologies for each industry sector are not yet clearly researched in a structured and comparative manner, which is the key research gap addressed by this study. To focus on this, an extensive, systemic literature review has been conducted, following a strict protocol. A vast number of studies have been carefully read and information obtained. The comparative approach of the study is expressed in a Likert-type scale-based scoring approach, providing a robust framework to gain insights into favourable pathways, which is the first of its kind. It could be demonstrated that the steel industry is the best researched industry sector while knowledge gaps exist for the cement and glass industry. The results further show that secondary production via recycling serves as a low-risk option for most industry sectors, providing benefits such as high technological maturity, energy efficiency, and low production costs, without compromising sustainability standards. Direct electrification of heat and green electricity-based hydrogen feedstocks are essential to reach zero emissions for primary production. The results indicate that substantial efforts are imperative for achieving significant emission reductions in energy-intensive industries, necessitating robust financial support from governments. Emphasis should be placed on renewable electricity, green hydrogen, and recycling as pivotal components of these efforts.

钢铁、水泥、基础化工、铝、玻璃以及纸浆和造纸等能源密集型工业排放了大量温室气体，进一步加剧了气候变化。工业排放通常被认为难以消减，而技术解决方案往往尚未成熟。此外，对于每个工业部门的理想技术，还没有以结构化和比较的方式进行明确的研究，这也是本研究要解决的主要研究空白。为此，我们按照严格的规程进行了广泛、系统的文献综述。我们仔细阅读了大量研究报告并获取了相关信息。本研究的比较方法采用基于李克特量表的评分方法，为深入了解有利途径提供了一个稳健的框架，这在同类研究中尚属首次。研究结果表明，钢铁行业是研究得最好的行业部门，而水泥和玻璃行业则存在知识空白。研究结果进一步表明，对于大多数行业部门来说，通过回收利用进行二次生产是一种低风险的选择，它具有技术成熟度高、能源效率高、生产成本低等优点，同时又不影响可持续发展标准。热能直接电气化和以绿色电力为基础的氢原料对于实现一次生产零排放至关重要。研究结果表明，要在能源密集型产业中实现大幅减排，必须做出巨大努力，这就需要政府提供强有力的财政支持。重点应放在可再生电力、绿色氢气和循环利用上，将其作为这些努力的关键组成部分。

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引用次数: 0