Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第8页

A comprehensive review of green hydrogen production via electrolysis and thermolysis, and the prediction of potential natural hydrogen (aka gold hydrogen) presence using machine learning 全面回顾了通过电解和热分解生产绿色氢，以及使用机器学习预测潜在的天然氢（又名金氢）存在

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116685

Sara Kawrani , Ossama Abi Almona , Mira Ibrahim , Moustafa Ibrahim , Emil Obeid

The global push toward net-zero carbon emissions has heightened interest in hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. This review explores the challenge of establishing sustainable hydrogen production pathways by focusing on two pivotal forms: green hydrogen, produced from renewable sources through water splitting, and gold hydrogen, a naturally occurring resource found in subsurface environments. For green hydrogen, production methods based on electrolysis and thermochemical water-splitting cycles are reviewed, with emphasis on catalyst-driven technological advances and solar-powered electrolysis and thermolysis. To evaluate the potential for solar-powered water splitting, a comparative analysis of 30 countries, selected for data reliability and diversity in solar resource availability, indicates that 60 % are well-positioned for green hydrogen deployment, whereas 40 % encounter substantial resource-related limitations. In these constrained regions, gold hydrogen emerges as a promising alternative. This review identifies the key geological factors influencing the potential for its presence and examines the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict its spatial distribution. The analysis reveals that specific machine learning models can successfully identify patterns within geological data, aiding in the preliminary strategic selection of sites for future gold hydrogen exploration. Among the 11 regression algorithms evaluated, the Decision Tree Regressor exhibited the best performance, indicating the presence of pronounced hierarchical structures. Similarly, the Gradient Boosting Regressor provided additional reliability through its ensemble-based approach. These algorithms provide preliminary predictions of potential gold hydrogen occurrences in resource-scarce regions, making this ML-based approach both novel and highly applicable to industrial and research contexts.

全球对净零碳排放的推动提高了人们对氢作为清洁能源载体的兴趣。这篇综述探讨了建立可持续制氢途径的挑战，重点关注两种关键形式：绿色氢，通过水分解从可再生能源中产生，金氢，一种在地下环境中发现的自然存在的资源。对于绿色氢，综述了基于电解和热化学水分解循环的生产方法，重点介绍了催化剂驱动的技术进步和太阳能电解和热分解。为了评估太阳能水分解的潜力，根据太阳能资源可用性的数据可靠性和多样性，对30个国家进行了比较分析，结果表明，60%的国家在绿色氢部署方面处于有利地位，而40%的国家则遇到了与资源相关的重大限制。在这些受限制的地区，金氢作为一种有希望的替代品出现了。本文确定了影响其存在潜力的关键地质因素，并研究了机器学习（ML）技术在预测其空间分布方面的应用。分析表明，特定的机器学习模型可以成功识别地质数据中的模式，有助于未来金氢勘探的初步战略选择。在评估的11种回归算法中，决策树回归算法表现出最好的性能，表明存在明显的层次结构。同样，梯度增强回归器通过其基于集合的方法提供了额外的可靠性。这些算法提供了资源稀缺地区潜在金氢赋存的初步预测，使这种基于ml的方法既新颖又高度适用于工业和研究环境。

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引用次数: 0

Critical evaluation of factors influencing the specific energy consumption of electrically driven membrane separation technologies 影响电驱动膜分离技术比能耗因素的关键评价

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116653

Selvaraj Chinnathambi, Vasileios Kyriakou

Electrodialysis (ED) and capacitive deionization (CDI) are electrically driven separation technologies with strong potential to advance renewable and sustainable goals, as they can be powered by renewable electricity, while enabling water purification and recovery of valuable chemicals. Thus, minimizing energy consumption greatly enhances the sustainable operation of these devices. In this review, we systematically analyze various sources of energy losses in ED and CDI and evaluate how advances in ion exchange membranes, and electrodes affect these losses. We have characterized the energy losses based on the minimum voltage required to overcome interfacial barriers at the electrode–electrolyte and membrane–solution interfaces. We further examine how membrane modification strategies influence the area-specific resistance and specific energy consumption (SEC) in ED, while the membrane coated electrode thickness governs SEC in CDI. Our comparative analysis reveals that ohmic losses have a greater impact in CDI due to surface-limited salt adsorption, whereas ED performance is strongly dictated by the membrane resistance. Additionally, we highlight the integration of paired electrochemical reactions, such as CO₂ reduction to formic acid (∼0.2–0.5 V vs. SHE), as sustainable alternatives to water splitting (∼1.23 V), enabling simultaneous separation and value-added chemical synthesis in a single device. Collectively, this review provides a framework for identifying material-level strategies to minimize energy losses, reduce SEC and enhance the sustainability of next-generation ED and CDI systems. These insights highlight pathways towards renewable powered, low energy separation processes that support global clean water and sustainable chemical production goals.

电渗析（ED）和电容去离子（CDI）是电力驱动的分离技术，具有推进可再生能源和可持续发展目标的强大潜力，因为它们可以由可再生电力供电，同时实现水的净化和有价值的化学物质的回收。因此，最大限度地减少能源消耗大大提高了这些设备的可持续运行。在这篇综述中，我们系统地分析了ED和CDI的各种能量损失来源，并评估了离子交换膜和电极的进步如何影响这些损失。我们基于克服电极-电解质和膜-溶液界面障碍所需的最小电压来表征能量损失。我们进一步研究了膜修饰策略如何影响ED中的面积比电阻和比能量消耗（SEC），而膜涂覆电极厚度如何影响CDI中的SEC。我们的比较分析表明，由于表面限制的盐吸附，欧姆损失对CDI的影响更大，而ED的性能在很大程度上取决于膜阻力。此外，我们强调了成对电化学反应的集成，例如CO2还原为甲酸（~ 0.2-0.5 V vs. SHE），作为水分解（~ 1.23 V）的可持续替代品，可以在单个设备中同时分离和增值化学合成。总的来说，本综述为确定材料级策略提供了一个框架，以最大限度地减少能量损失，减少SEC，并提高下一代ED和CDI系统的可持续性。这些见解强调了实现可再生能源、低能耗分离工艺的途径，这些工艺支持全球清洁水和可持续化工生产目标。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic horizons in rechargeable lithium–CO2 batteries: Progress, challenges, and future directions in cathode materials and catalysts 可充电锂-二氧化碳电池的催化前景：正极材料和催化剂的进展、挑战和未来方向

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116690

M. Masoudi, Q. Cai, R.C.T. Slade, D. Commandeur, S. Gadkari

The growing demand for sustainable energy and CO₂ mitigation has spurred significant interest in lithium–CO₂ (Li–CO₂) electrochemistry. This innovative technology offers a compelling combination of high-energy-density storage and efficient CO₂ utilization. However, their practical application is limited by poor reversibility, short cycle life and low capacity, primarily due to the sluggish kinetics of CO₂ reduction/evolution reactions during the battery's discharge-charge process. To address these challenges, extensive research has focused on the development of highly efficient cathode materials and electrocatalysts capable of accelerating reaction kinetics and improving overall battery performance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in cathodic materials, including carbon-based catalysts, noble and transition metal catalysts, perovskite oxides, and porous organic frameworks, highlighting their design principles, structural features, and impact on electrochemical performance. Finally, current challenges, unresolved issues, and future research directions are discussed to guide the development of practical, high-performance rechargeable Li–CO₂ batteries.

对可持续能源和二氧化碳减排日益增长的需求激发了人们对锂-二氧化碳（Li-CO2）电化学的极大兴趣。这项创新技术提供了高能量密度存储和高效二氧化碳利用的令人信服的组合。然而，由于电池充放电过程中CO2还原/释放反应动力学缓慢，其可逆性差、循环寿命短、容量低，限制了其实际应用。为了应对这些挑战，大量的研究集中在高效阴极材料和电催化剂的开发上，这些材料和电催化剂能够加速反应动力学并提高电池的整体性能。本文综述了阴极材料的最新进展，包括碳基催化剂、贵金属和过渡金属催化剂、钙钛矿氧化物和多孔有机框架，重点介绍了它们的设计原理、结构特点和对电化学性能的影响。最后，讨论了当前面临的挑战、尚未解决的问题和未来的研究方向，以指导实用、高性能的锂-二氧化碳可充电电池的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing low-Pt catalyst layer design from multi-scale to cross-scale synergy optimization for high-performance and durable proton exchange membrane fuel cell 推进低铂催化剂层设计，从多尺度到跨尺度协同优化，实现高性能耐用质子交换膜燃料电池

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116681

Wei-Wei Yang, Zhao Liu, Li-Dong Song, Yi-Wan Lin, Jian-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Guo Qu

Addressing renewable energy challenges through hydrogen requires the advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for efficient hydrogen utilization and large-scale deployment. As the core of a PEMFC, the catalyst layer (CL) faces significant performance degradation challenges, particularly under low platinum (Pt) loading conditions. Therefore, advancing low-Pt CL designs through multi-scale to cross-scale optimization is crucial for improving both output performance and durability. This review systematically examines CL development from the perspective of multiscale design: molecular-scale manipulation of triple-phase interfaces, pore-scale optimization of water-gas transport in agglomerate structures, and macro-scale performance evaluation coupled with multi-physics fields. The chemical and mechanical degradation mechanisms of CL under dynamic operating and freeze-thaw cycles conditions are additionally reviewed. Importantly, this review highlights the applications of artificial intelligence for cross-scale bridging and synergistic reinforcement in durable low-Pt CL design, and prospect hybrid physics-informed and data-driven framework for degradation prediction. The aim of this review is to provide a novel perspective for the advancement of low-Pt PEMFC CL design, which can also offer guidance for other electrochemical renewable energy conversion technologies.

通过氢解决可再生能源挑战需要质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的进步，以实现高效的氢利用和大规模部署。作为PEMFC的核心，催化剂层（CL）面临着显著的性能下降挑战，特别是在低铂（Pt）负载条件下。因此，通过多尺度或跨尺度优化来推进低铂CL设计对于提高输出性能和耐用性至关重要。本文从多尺度设计的角度系统地考察了CL的发展：三元界面的分子尺度操作，团聚体结构中水气输运的孔隙尺度优化，以及与多物理场耦合的宏观尺度性能评价。此外，还综述了动态操作和冻融循环条件下CL的化学和机械降解机理。重要的是，这篇综述强调了人工智能在持久低铂CL设计中的跨尺度桥接和协同强化应用，并展望了基于物理和数据驱动的混合降解预测框架。本文综述的目的是为低铂含量PEMFC CL设计的推进提供一个新的视角，并为其他电化学可再生能源转换技术提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics, design, and optimization of earth-air heat exchangers: A review 土-空气换热器的特点、设计与优化综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116677

Amir Imanloozadeh, William David Lubitz

The Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE), also known as a Ground Source Heat Exchanger (GSHE) or Ground-Air Heat Exchanger (GAHE), is used to condition air in buildings and store thermal energy in a soil volume. Heat transfer within an EAHE system consists primarily of convection between air within buried pipes and conduction within adjacent soil volumes. EAHEs are most commonly employed for cooling in warm areas, with horizontal configurations being more common than vertical ones; however, they are also used for heating and in other configurations. Parameters affecting EAHE performance and cost include pipe diameter, length, and air velocity, as well as pipe material and soil type. The impact of these variables on heat transfer performance is explored. The metrics used to quantify thermal performance are reviewed. The most common are the coefficient of performance (COP) and thermal efficiency. The thermal performance of EAHE systems has been modeled at various levels of complexity. Instances of one-, two-, and three-dimensional modeling approaches, as well as transient and steady-state simulations, are reviewed. Simulation tools such as ANSYS Fluent, COMSOL, and TRNSYS are frequently used, while some studies implement model equations directly in various programming languages. A range of optimization strategies for EAHE design and operation is reviewed. Experimental and numerical studies in the literature are reviewed, highlighting key examples and those that present relevant data suitable for validating future modeling studies. Finally, current research gaps are identified, and focus areas for future EAHE research are presented.

地球-空气热交换器（EAHE），也称为地源热交换器（GSHE）或地-空气热交换器（GAHE），用于调节建筑物中的空气并将热能储存在土壤体积中。EAHE系统内的传热主要由埋地管道内空气之间的对流和邻近土壤体积内的传导组成。eahs最常用于温暖地区的制冷，水平配置比垂直配置更常见；然而，它们也用于加热和其他配置。影响EAHE性能和成本的参数包括管径、管长、风速以及管材和土壤类型。探讨了这些变量对传热性能的影响。回顾了用于量化热性能的指标。最常见的是性能系数（COP）和热效率。EAHE系统的热性能已经在不同的复杂程度上进行了建模。回顾了一维、二维和三维建模方法的实例，以及瞬态和稳态模拟。经常使用ANSYS Fluent、COMSOL、TRNSYS等仿真工具，也有研究直接用各种编程语言实现模型方程。综述了各种优化策略，并对其设计和运行进行了评述。回顾了文献中的实验和数值研究，突出了关键的例子和那些提出适合验证未来建模研究的相关数据的例子。最后，指出了当前的研究差距，并提出了未来EAHE研究的重点领域。

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引用次数: 0

The Africa-Europe energy interconnection: Assessing green hydrogen suppliers for France 非洲-欧洲能源互联：评估法国的绿色氢供应商

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116629

Paul Gerard , Ahmad Rafiee , Mario Montalvan , Osamh Mahdi , Havvanur Feyza Kaya , Kaveh Khalilpour

Green hydrogen (GH₂) is a promising renewable energy vector with the potential to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels significantly. Although its production is technically feasible worldwide, the availability of natural resources and the suitability of local conditions impose substantial geographic constraints. In this context, the Africa–Europe green energy interconnection presents a strategic opportunity to facilitate cross-continental collaboration in the energy transition. By leveraging Africa's vast renewable energy potential, particularly solar and wind, this partnership can accelerate Europe's decarbonization goals while enhancing regional energy security. Beyond environmental benefits, such cooperation also stimulates economic development on both continents, offering a scalable model for global green energy alliances that integrate sustainability, resilience, and shared prosperity.

This study explores the strategic role of Africa as a future green hydrogen supplier for France, addressing a critical dimension of the global energy transition. The research introduces a multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate nine African countries as potential green hydrogen suppliers, considering twelve multidimensional criteria across four key categories: financial viability, reliability, environmental impact, and resource availability. We employ a comparative approach using TOPSIS and VIKOR to provide a robust assessment of supplier rankings. The findings highlight Morocco as the most promising green hydrogen supplier for France, followed by Algeria, with a comprehensive sensitivity analysis revealing how decision-maker preferences influence ranking outcome.

绿色氢（GH2）是一种很有前途的可再生能源，有可能显著减少全球对化石燃料的依赖。虽然它的生产在全世界技术上是可行的，但自然资源的可得性和当地条件的适宜性造成了很大的地理限制。在此背景下，非洲-欧洲绿色能源互联为促进能源转型中的跨大陆合作提供了战略机遇。通过利用非洲巨大的可再生能源潜力，特别是太阳能和风能，这一伙伴关系可以加速欧洲的脱碳目标，同时加强区域能源安全。除了环境效益之外，这种合作还刺激了两大洲的经济发展，为集可持续性、弹性和共同繁荣于一体的全球绿色能源联盟提供了一个可扩展的模式。本研究探讨了非洲作为法国未来绿色氢供应商的战略作用，解决了全球能源转型的一个关键方面。该研究引入了一个多标准决策框架，以评估9个非洲国家作为潜在的绿色氢供应国，考虑了四个关键类别的12个多维标准：财务可行性、可靠性、环境影响和资源可用性。我们采用TOPSIS和VIKOR的比较方法来提供对供应商排名的可靠评估。调查结果强调，摩洛哥是法国最有希望的绿色氢供应国，其次是阿尔及利亚，并进行了全面的敏感性分析，揭示了决策者的偏好如何影响排名结果。

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引用次数: 0

Application of deep learning in wind, solar, and ocean energy: An analysis of prediction, optimization, and operation & maintenance 深度学习在风能、太阳能和海洋能中的应用：预测、优化和运维分析

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116663

Zhiwei Song , Yajing Gu , Hongwei Liu , Tian Zou , Yonggang Lin , Kenan Ye

This study conducts a systematic review and coding analysis of deep learning (DL) applications in renewable energy systems (wind, solar, and ocean) from 2012 to 2024, addressing global sustainable development needs. We develop a comparative framework structured as “energy type (wind/solar/ocean) × task type (prediction/optimization/operations and maintenance),” with model families (LSTM, CNN, Transformer) as the third dimension, to systematically assess differences and similarities in data requirements, generalization ability, and computational overhead. Key findings indicate explosive growth of DL in solar and wind energy, with mature applications in short-term prediction and operational optimization; ocean energy advances slowly, with marked deficiencies in operations and maintenance (O&M) research. Model suitability shows that LSTM and CNN exhibit robustness in short-term time-series forecasting and fault detection; Transformers perform well in high-dimensional, multivariate, long-sequence scenarios but falter under data scarcity or domain shifts. The contributions of this work are: (1) a unified cross-energy, cross-task, cross-model comparative framework; (2) identification of systemic O&M gaps in ocean energy; (3) extraction of reusable model–task matching principles and constraints; and (4) a proposed ocean energy research roadmap emphasizing multisource sensor fusion, transfer/self-supervised learning, and physics-informed data-driven integration to improve real-time capability and intelligence. This framework offers structured evidence and methodological guidance for integrated modeling, scheduling, and O&M in multi-energy systems.

本研究对2012年至2024年深度学习在可再生能源系统（风能、太阳能和海洋）中的应用进行了系统回顾和编码分析，以解决全球可持续发展需求。我们开发了一个结构为“能源类型（风能/太阳能/海洋）×任务类型（预测/优化/操作和维护）”的比较框架，以模型族（LSTM， CNN, Transformer）为第三维度，系统地评估数据需求，泛化能力和计算开销的差异和相似性。主要研究结果表明，太阳能和风能的DL呈爆炸式增长，在短期预测和运营优化方面具有成熟的应用；海洋能源发展缓慢，在运行和维护（O&；M）研究方面存在明显不足。模型适用性表明，LSTM和CNN在短时时间序列预测和故障检测方面具有鲁棒性；变压器在高维、多变量、长序列场景下表现良好，但在数据稀缺或领域转移下表现不佳。本工作的贡献在于：(1)建立了统一的跨能量、跨任务、跨模式的比较框架；(2)识别海洋能源系统的o&&m缺口；(3)可重用模型任务匹配原则和约束的提取；(4)提出了海洋能源研究路线图，强调多源传感器融合、迁移/自监督学习和物理信息数据驱动集成，以提高实时能力和智能。该框架为多能系统的集成建模、调度和运营管理提供了结构化的证据和方法论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Solar interfacial evaporators: from regulatory mechanisms to emerging applications 太阳能界面蒸发器：从监管机制到新兴应用

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116670

Yanlin Zhao , Junzhuo Teng , Zhixin Wang , Zitong Ren , Wei Xu , Shuangshuang Wu , Jingyao Zhao , Likun Gao , Stavros Avramidis , Xiang Chi

Under the context of the “Dual-carbon” strategy, solar interfacial evaporation technology, with its unique localized thermal management mechanism, zero-carbon emission characteristics, and cost advantages, is considered a highly promising green and sustainable method for freshwater acquisition. This paper systematically deconstructs the energy-matter transfer pathways of the evaporation process, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of four key dimensions (energy input, thermal localization, channel structure, and material regulation) and their impact on evaporation rates. In addition, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of various strategies developed to address salt accumulation issues, including Janus structures, the Marangoni effect, fixed-position deposition, salt backflow, Donnan equilibrium, and the Hofmeister effect. It is worth noting that the functional applications of solar interfacial evaporators are expanding beyond conventional seawater desalination to a broader range of scenarios, demonstrating significant potential in electricity generation, mineral resource recovery, clean energy production, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, and synergistic atmospheric water harvesting. Moreover, solar interfacial evaporation technology shows promising application prospects in fields such as agricultural production, environmental remediation, aquaculture, and healthcare. Finally, this paper highlights the current challenges associated with the technology, proposes corresponding improvement strategies, and offers insights into its future development.

在“双碳”战略背景下，太阳能界面蒸发技术以其独特的局部热管理机制、零碳排放特性和成本优势，被认为是一种极具发展前景的绿色可持续淡水采集方法。本文系统地解构了蒸发过程中的能量-物质传递途径，重点研究了能量输入、热局部化、通道结构和物质调节四个关键维度的调节机制及其对蒸发速率的影响。此外，本文还全面概述了用于解决盐积累问题的各种策略，包括Janus结构、Marangoni效应、固定位置沉积、盐回流、Donnan平衡和Hofmeister效应。值得注意的是，太阳能界面蒸发器的功能应用正在从传统的海水淡化扩展到更广泛的场景，在发电、矿产资源回收、清洁能源生产、污染物光催化降解和协同大气集水方面显示出巨大的潜力。此外，太阳能界面蒸发技术在农业生产、环境修复、水产养殖、医疗保健等领域具有广阔的应用前景。最后，本文强调了该技术目前面临的挑战，提出了相应的改进策略，并对其未来的发展提出了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Light-driven microbial factories for CO2 conversion to valuables: Recent advancements in photo-microbial electrosynthesis through integrated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 二氧化碳转化为贵重物品的光驱动微生物工厂：利用集成石墨化碳氮（g-C3N4）进行光微生物电合成的最新进展

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116674

Swati Das , Narnepati Krishna Chaitanya , Md Tabish Noori , Klaus Hellgardt , Booki Min

In response to accelerating global climate change and the urgent demand for sustainable energy, research efforts are increasingly concentrated on developing photo-microbial electrosynthesis (PMES) technologies that convert CO₂ into valuable products, such as acetate, butyrate, and ethanol. However, many conventional semiconductor materials remain inadequate for real-world implementation due to their low specific surface area and insufficient CO₂ adsorption capability, both of which are essential for efficient conversion. To overcome these limitations and boost the overall performance of PMES, researchers have explored the feasibility of using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), a two-dimensional polymeric semiconductor material, as a photocatalyst due to its exceptional chemical and physical stability, environmental friendliness, and pollution-free benefits. Therefore, this comprehensive review addresses the research gap by examining various PMES configurations with enhanced photocatalytic reactions using g-C₃N₄ and its metal-based composites to improve the bioelectrochemical conversion of CO₂ to volatile fatty acids, which have not been critically reviewed. The review also elucidates the catalytic performance of g-C₃N₄ as anode and cathode in terms of efficiency and stability, recent advancements and potential optimization strategies influencing CO₂ reduction in PMES. Finally, emerging operational techniques using g-C₃N₄ in PMES are thoroughly discussed, with strategies to promote CO₂ bioconversion for field-scale applications.

为了应对全球气候变化的加速和对可持续能源的迫切需求，研究工作越来越集中在开发光微生物电合成（PMES）技术上，该技术将二氧化碳转化为有价值的产品，如醋酸盐、丁酸盐和乙醇。然而，许多传统的半导体材料由于其低比表面积和二氧化碳吸附能力不足，仍然不适合实际应用，这两者对于有效转换都是必不可少的。为了克服这些限制并提高PMES的整体性能，研究人员已经探索了使用石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）作为光催化剂的可行性，这是一种二维聚合物半导体材料，由于其具有优异的化学和物理稳定性，环境友好性和无污染的优点。因此，本文通过研究各种PMES构型，利用g-C3N4及其金属基复合材料增强光催化反应，以改善二氧化碳到挥发性脂肪酸的生物电化学转化，从而弥补了研究空白，这一研究尚未得到严格的审查。综述了g-C3N4作为阳极和阴极的效率和稳定性，以及影响PMES中CO2减排的最新进展和潜在的优化策略。最后，深入讨论了在PMES中使用g-C3N4的新兴操作技术，并提出了促进二氧化碳生物转化用于现场规模应用的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Green hydrogen: A key energy carrier replacing fossil fuels across multiple sectors 绿色氢：在多个领域取代化石燃料的关键能源载体

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116683

Mohamed G. Gado

This review article provides a comprehensive assessment of hydrogen production pathways and their economic viability, storage/transportation, and magnetic liquefaction. It also explores hydrogen deployment in cross-sectoral applications, including hard-to-abate industries (e.g., steel, fertilizers and refineries, cement, glass, and ceramics), mobility, power generation/grid stability, and building heating. It further discusses key limitations and future perspectives for large-scale hydrogen deployment. It is established that hydropower, geothermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy generally yield lower levelized costs of hydrogen than concentrated solar power systems, though methodological inconsistencies hinder cross-study comparability. Hydrogen storage continues to pose technical and economic challenges: compressed hydrogen is suitable for short-term use, whereas liquid hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) offer distinct trade-offs in terms of energy density, efficiency, and infrastructure compatibility. Notably, pipeline-based compressed hydrogen transport is favored when accounting for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. Emerging magnetic refrigeration technologies show strong potential as next-generation hydrogen liquefaction methods, offering up to twice the efficiency of conventional cryogenic systems. Besides, ammonia leads as the most viable hydrogen carrier for long-haul transport, while LOHCs suit stationary applications. Overall, hydrogen plays a crucial role in decarbonizing key sectors, including heavy industry, transport, power, and heating, enabling a low-carbon and resilient global energy system.

本文综述了氢的生产途径及其经济可行性、储存/运输和磁液化的综合评估。它还探讨了氢在跨部门应用中的部署，包括难以减少的行业（如钢铁、化肥和炼油厂、水泥、玻璃和陶瓷）、交通、发电/电网稳定性和建筑供暖。它进一步讨论了大规模氢部署的关键限制和未来前景。虽然方法上的不一致性阻碍了交叉研究的可比性，但水力、地热、光伏和风能产生的氢的平均成本通常低于集中的太阳能发电系统。氢储存仍然面临着技术和经济上的挑战：压缩氢适合短期使用，而液氢、氨、甲醇和液态有机氢载体（lohc）在能量密度、效率和基础设施兼容性方面提供了不同的权衡。值得注意的是，当考虑到生命周期温室气体排放时，基于管道的压缩氢运输更受青睐。新兴的磁制冷技术作为下一代氢液化方法显示出强大的潜力，其效率是传统低温系统的两倍。此外，氨是长途运输中最可行的氢载体，而lohc适合固定应用。总体而言，氢在重工业、交通运输、电力和供暖等关键部门的脱碳中发挥着至关重要的作用，从而实现低碳和有弹性的全球能源系统。

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