Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.103-145
Paulo Chagas de Souza
Resumo : À semelhança do que fez Cantoni (2013) para o sistema de acento do português como um todo, proponho neste trabalho uma explicação diacrônica para o fato de os verbos terem acento móvel e os não verbos terem acento fixo em português. Adoto uma perspectiva diacrônica, considerando, como proposto nas abordagens de sistemas dinâmicos, que o conhecimento do estado inicial de um sistema nos ajuda a entender seu estado atual. Nesse sentido, examino os paradigmas flexionais de substantivos latinos e as mudanças que ocorreram desde o latim até o português com o intuito de verificar em que medida essas mudanças morfológicas acabaram determinando características do sistema acentual do português. Em sua grande maioria, os substantivos apresentavam deslocamento do acento em seu paradigma em latim. Como é demonstrado neste trabalho, no entanto, o acusativo era o único caso em que praticamente não havia deslocamento de acento em latim do singular para o plural. O fato de o acusativo ter sido o caso lexicogênico do português, isto é, o caso cujas formas deram origem aos substantivos e adjetivos correspondentes do português, acabou tendo como resultado a imobilidade do acento nos não verbos. Ele era o caso de realização mais frequente e, como seria de se esperar numa perspectiva baseada no uso, foi o único caso que sobreviveu. A seção final do texto discute ainda o fato de que as mesmas mudanças diacrônicas fizeram com que as vogais temáticas nominais e adjetivais nunca sejam acentuadas em português. Palavras-Chave: acento; português; diacronia. Abstract : As did Cantoni (2013) for the Portuguese stress system as a whole, I propose in the present paper a diachronic explanation for a difference between verbs and non-verbs in Portuguese: the fact that verbs have mobile stress, whereas non-verbs do not. I adopt a diachronic perspective, considering, as proposed in dynamic systems approaches, that the knowledge of the initial state of a system helps us understand its current state. Based on that, I examine inflectional paradigms of Latin nouns and the changes that have taken place from Latin to Portuguese with the purpose of assessing to what extent those morphological changes have determined characteristics of the Portuguese stress system. The vast majority of nouns showed a stress shift in their paradigms in Latin. As is shown in the present paper, however, the accusative was the only case in which there was practically no change in stress between singular and plural. The fact that the accusative was the lexicogenic case in Portuguese, i.e., the fact that nouns and adjectives in Portuguese have their forms derived from the accusative of corresponding Latin words eventually produced fixed stress in Portuguese non-verbs. The accusative was the most frequent case in Latin and, as would be expected from a usage-based perspective, it was the only surviving case. The final section of the paper additionally discusses the fact that the same diachronic changes have
{"title":"Imobilidade do acento em não verbos em português: uma abordagem diacrônica baseada no uso / Non-mobile stress in non-verbs in portuguese: a usage-based diachronic approach","authors":"Paulo Chagas de Souza","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.103-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.103-145","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo : À semelhança do que fez Cantoni (2013) para o sistema de acento do português como um todo, proponho neste trabalho uma explicação diacrônica para o fato de os verbos terem acento móvel e os não verbos terem acento fixo em português. Adoto uma perspectiva diacrônica, considerando, como proposto nas abordagens de sistemas dinâmicos, que o conhecimento do estado inicial de um sistema nos ajuda a entender seu estado atual. Nesse sentido, examino os paradigmas flexionais de substantivos latinos e as mudanças que ocorreram desde o latim até o português com o intuito de verificar em que medida essas mudanças morfológicas acabaram determinando características do sistema acentual do português. Em sua grande maioria, os substantivos apresentavam deslocamento do acento em seu paradigma em latim. Como é demonstrado neste trabalho, no entanto, o acusativo era o único caso em que praticamente não havia deslocamento de acento em latim do singular para o plural. O fato de o acusativo ter sido o caso lexicogênico do português, isto é, o caso cujas formas deram origem aos substantivos e adjetivos correspondentes do português, acabou tendo como resultado a imobilidade do acento nos não verbos. Ele era o caso de realização mais frequente e, como seria de se esperar numa perspectiva baseada no uso, foi o único caso que sobreviveu. A seção final do texto discute ainda o fato de que as mesmas mudanças diacrônicas fizeram com que as vogais temáticas nominais e adjetivais nunca sejam acentuadas em português. Palavras-Chave: acento; português; diacronia. Abstract : As did Cantoni (2013) for the Portuguese stress system as a whole, I propose in the present paper a diachronic explanation for a difference between verbs and non-verbs in Portuguese: the fact that verbs have mobile stress, whereas non-verbs do not. I adopt a diachronic perspective, considering, as proposed in dynamic systems approaches, that the knowledge of the initial state of a system helps us understand its current state. Based on that, I examine inflectional paradigms of Latin nouns and the changes that have taken place from Latin to Portuguese with the purpose of assessing to what extent those morphological changes have determined characteristics of the Portuguese stress system. The vast majority of nouns showed a stress shift in their paradigms in Latin. As is shown in the present paper, however, the accusative was the only case in which there was practically no change in stress between singular and plural. The fact that the accusative was the lexicogenic case in Portuguese, i.e., the fact that nouns and adjectives in Portuguese have their forms derived from the accusative of corresponding Latin words eventually produced fixed stress in Portuguese non-verbs. The accusative was the most frequent case in Latin and, as would be expected from a usage-based perspective, it was the only surviving case. The final section of the paper additionally discusses the fact that the same diachronic changes have","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.250-277
Etyelle Pinheiro de Araújo
: Rio de Janeiro is the state with the highest number of homicides due to police brutality (largely Black people). Faced with this situation and seeking justice, the victims’ mothers engage in social movements such as the Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. This paper focuses on what I will refer to as the narratives of engagement of these family members, especially mothers. It aims to understand how important narratives are for these women in the process of transforming grief into political action. The methodology encompasses a qualitative-interpretative research approach with participant observation. The data was generated in the protests organized by the Rede . The analysis was guided by the notion of narrative as a discursive and interactional practice which organizes human experience. Such practice also serves as a tool for social movements to make demands of the state. The analysis suggests the existence of a pattern that organizes the narratives of engagement; it further identifies two discursive mechanisms that interact with each other: i) the rationalization of events leading to the death of their children by using coherence systems; ii) a spiral movement that relates microsocial and macrosocial events in the narrative. The article concludes by highlighting narratives of engagement as a tool for this social movement to raise its demands in the public sphere, as well as a way of resisting structural racism.
{"title":"Do sofrimento individual à luta coletiva: as narrativas de engajamento de mães em movimentos sociais / From Individual Suffering to Collective Struggle: Narratives of Engagement of Mothers in Social Movements","authors":"Etyelle Pinheiro de Araújo","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.250-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.250-277","url":null,"abstract":": Rio de Janeiro is the state with the highest number of homicides due to police brutality (largely Black people). Faced with this situation and seeking justice, the victims’ mothers engage in social movements such as the Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. This paper focuses on what I will refer to as the narratives of engagement of these family members, especially mothers. It aims to understand how important narratives are for these women in the process of transforming grief into political action. The methodology encompasses a qualitative-interpretative research approach with participant observation. The data was generated in the protests organized by the Rede . The analysis was guided by the notion of narrative as a discursive and interactional practice which organizes human experience. Such practice also serves as a tool for social movements to make demands of the state. The analysis suggests the existence of a pattern that organizes the narratives of engagement; it further identifies two discursive mechanisms that interact with each other: i) the rationalization of events leading to the death of their children by using coherence systems; ii) a spiral movement that relates microsocial and macrosocial events in the narrative. The article concludes by highlighting narratives of engagement as a tool for this social movement to raise its demands in the public sphere, as well as a way of resisting structural racism.","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.220-249
Karen Pereira Fernandes de Souza, Lúcia Helena Martins Gouvêa
: This study aims to verify the different projected emotions through the images created by Michel Temer (ethos) and through the feelings aroused in the reader (pathos), in the other words, two argumentative categories used to influence their interlocutors (Deputies, Senators and Brazilian people). In this way, the study based on the theoretical
{"title":"Emoções projetadas em carta de Michel Temer / Emotions projected in Michel Temer’s letter","authors":"Karen Pereira Fernandes de Souza, Lúcia Helena Martins Gouvêa","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.220-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.220-249","url":null,"abstract":": This study aims to verify the different projected emotions through the images created by Michel Temer (ethos) and through the feelings aroused in the reader (pathos), in the other words, two argumentative categories used to influence their interlocutors (Deputies, Senators and Brazilian people). In this way, the study based on the theoretical","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.305-343
Priscila Costa Machado, Carmen Lúcia Barreto Matzenauer
Resumo: O foco deste estudo piloto foi verificar se brasileiros aprendizes de espanhol como segunda língua (L2) são capazes de perceber a diferença na entoação de interrogativas totais e parciais na língua espanhola, além de examinar se o tempo de aquisição/exposição à língua alvo pode influenciar nesta percepção. Os enunciados interrogativos totais e parciais, na língua espanhola, apresentam como principal propriedade prosódica o movimento na inflexão final, sendo majoritariamente ascendente nas interrogativas totais e descendente nas interrogativas parciais. O corpus foi obtido pela aplicação de cinco testes de percepção a três participantes, estudantes do curso de Letras – Português/Espanhol, sendo dois estudantes do sétimo semestre e um do terceiro. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes apresentaram maior êxito na discriminação da entoação de interrogativas parciais em relação às interrogativas totais, o que se atribui à influência da L1 no processo de aquisição da L2, já que nas interrogativas parciais o padrão entoacional se aproxima nas duas línguas. Quanto ao tempo de exposição à língua alvo, verificou-se que a estudante do terceiro semestre apresenta um processamento mais lento frente aos estímulos da L2. Em trabalhos futuros, irá ampliar-se o número de participantes com diferentes níveis de aquisição da língua espanhola, a fim de observar-se com maior acurácia se, de fato, o tempo de processamento linguístico é maior por estudantes dos semestres iniciais e se, de fato, o nível de compreensão influencia na percepção de aspectos prosódicos da língua espanhola como L2. Palavras-chave: percepção; entoação; interrogativas totais; interrogativas parciais; espanhol como segunda língua. Abstract : This pilot study aimed to verify whether Brazilian learners of Spanish as a second language (L2) are able to perceive the difference in the intonation of total and partial interrogatives in Spanish and to examine whether acquisition/exposure time to the target language can influence their perception. Total and partial interrogative utterances in Spanish exhibit movement in the final inflection as their main prosodic property, i. e., it mostly rises in total interrogatives and falls in partial ones. The corpus was collected in five perception tests which were applied to three undergraduate students in Languages (teaching degree in Portuguese/Spanish) who attend the seventh semester and to one who attends the third. Results showed that participants were more successful in discriminating intonation of partial interrogatives from total interrogatives, a fact that is attributed to the influence of L1 on the L2 acquisition process since, in partial interrogatives, the intonation pattern is similar in both languages. As for exposure time to the target language, the student who attends the third semester was found to present slower processing when facing L2 stimuli. In further studies, the number of participants with different levels of Spanish languag
这个试验研究摘要:重点是确保巴西人再次的西班牙语作为第二语言(L2)可以知道不同的说话语调interrogativas全部和部分在西班牙语,除了检查采购如果时间/接触目标会影响语言的认知。全部和部分列出的代词,在西班牙语,作为主要财产prosódica运动是因为决赛,其中主要在局部interrogativas总interrogativas走用升调。语料库是通过对三名参与者进行五次感知测试获得的，他们是葡萄牙语/西班牙语课程的学生，其中两名是第七学期的学生，一名是第三学期的学生。结果表明,与会者提交成功在歧视部分interrogativas语调的影响总interrogativas,掀起的L1的L2的收购过程中,部分interrogativas entoacional标准方法的两种语言。在接触目标语言的时间方面，我们发现第三学期的学生对第二语言刺激的处理速度较慢。号码以后的工作,会努力的参与者与不同程度的收购西班牙语,以便观察到和最大的准确性,事实上,语言处理的时间是多的学生最初的那个如果,事实上,理解水平的影响在感知方面prosódicos L2的西班牙语。关键词:认知;语调;interrogativas总;interrogativas部分;西班牙语作为第二语言。文摘:这个试验研究aimed做whether -巴西的学习者的第二语言(L2)是能够感知的差异intonation完全和部分interrogatives在西班牙和检查whether收购/曝光时间的目标语言可以影响他们的经验。完全和部分interrogative utterances西班牙展示运动的最后inflection的他们主要prosodic属性,即它主要是增加在总interrogatives部分和瀑布前。语料库是在五项知觉测试中收集的，这些知觉测试适用于三名正在攻读第七学期的语言(葡萄牙语/西班牙语教学学位)本科生和一名正在攻读第三学期的本科生。结果表明，参与者在区分部分疑问句的语调方面比完全疑问句更成功，这一事实归因于L1对L2习得过程的影响，因为在部分疑问句中，两种语言的语调模式是相似的。的曝光时间的目标语言,学生attends想来semester被发现礼品slower处理当面临L2多个。在进一步的研究中,participants的数量与不同水平的西班牙语言收购将在以观察increased more accurately whether,事实上,语言处理时间是长在学生attending第一semesters水平的理解的课程,whether influences prosodic方面的经验为西班牙语言。关键词:经验;intonation;interrogatives总量;部分interrogatives;西班牙的第二语言。
{"title":"Espanhol como segunda língua: um estudo preliminar sobre a percepção do contorno entoacional de enunciados interrogativos totais e parciais por aprendizes brasileiros / Spanish as a Second Language: a Preliminary Study of Brazilian Learners’ Perception of Intonational Contour on Wh- and Yes/ No Questions","authors":"Priscila Costa Machado, Carmen Lúcia Barreto Matzenauer","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.305-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.305-343","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo: O foco deste estudo piloto foi verificar se brasileiros aprendizes de espanhol como segunda língua (L2) são capazes de perceber a diferença na entoação de interrogativas totais e parciais na língua espanhola, além de examinar se o tempo de aquisição/exposição à língua alvo pode influenciar nesta percepção. Os enunciados interrogativos totais e parciais, na língua espanhola, apresentam como principal propriedade prosódica o movimento na inflexão final, sendo majoritariamente ascendente nas interrogativas totais e descendente nas interrogativas parciais. O corpus foi obtido pela aplicação de cinco testes de percepção a três participantes, estudantes do curso de Letras – Português/Espanhol, sendo dois estudantes do sétimo semestre e um do terceiro. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes apresentaram maior êxito na discriminação da entoação de interrogativas parciais em relação às interrogativas totais, o que se atribui à influência da L1 no processo de aquisição da L2, já que nas interrogativas parciais o padrão entoacional se aproxima nas duas línguas. Quanto ao tempo de exposição à língua alvo, verificou-se que a estudante do terceiro semestre apresenta um processamento mais lento frente aos estímulos da L2. Em trabalhos futuros, irá ampliar-se o número de participantes com diferentes níveis de aquisição da língua espanhola, a fim de observar-se com maior acurácia se, de fato, o tempo de processamento linguístico é maior por estudantes dos semestres iniciais e se, de fato, o nível de compreensão influencia na percepção de aspectos prosódicos da língua espanhola como L2. Palavras-chave: percepção; entoação; interrogativas totais; interrogativas parciais; espanhol como segunda língua. Abstract : This pilot study aimed to verify whether Brazilian learners of Spanish as a second language (L2) are able to perceive the difference in the intonation of total and partial interrogatives in Spanish and to examine whether acquisition/exposure time to the target language can influence their perception. Total and partial interrogative utterances in Spanish exhibit movement in the final inflection as their main prosodic property, i. e., it mostly rises in total interrogatives and falls in partial ones. The corpus was collected in five perception tests which were applied to three undergraduate students in Languages (teaching degree in Portuguese/Spanish) who attend the seventh semester and to one who attends the third. Results showed that participants were more successful in discriminating intonation of partial interrogatives from total interrogatives, a fact that is attributed to the influence of L1 on the L2 acquisition process since, in partial interrogatives, the intonation pattern is similar in both languages. As for exposure time to the target language, the student who attends the third semester was found to present slower processing when facing L2 stimuli. In further studies, the number of participants with different levels of Spanish languag","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.176-219
A. Balduino, G. A. Araújo
This paper describes three processes of external vowel sandhi — degemination (DG), elision (EL), and diphthongization (DT) — in São Tomé Vernacular Portuguese (PST). All three processes are found in PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Working with six Santomean informants, we analyzed a corpus of 113 sentences with vowel encounters in word boundaries (V#V). Then, we measured the duration of vowel encounters or the single resulting vowel when the encounter was undone. Factors such as the nature of the prosodic boundaries (phonological word, phonological phrase, and intonational phrase), prosodic stress (lexical and phonological word), and vowel quality are crucial to implementing sandhi processes. However, they occur in different prosodic settings: diphthongization occurs between intonation phrases (IP+IP) as long as their boundary is not limited by a pause. In contrast, elision and degemination occur in phonological word boundaries (ω + ω) and phonological phrase boundaries (ϕ + ϕ). The prominence of the phonological phrase was the preponderant factor in preventing all processes, blocking degemination whenever phonological phrase stress matches with a stressed second vowel. For elision and diphthongization, sandhi was blocked when two stressed vowels co-occurred with the stress of a phonological phrase.
{"title":"Sândi Vocálico Externo no Português Vernacular Santomense / External Vocalic Sandhi in Santomean Popular Portuguese","authors":"A. Balduino, G. A. Araújo","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.176-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.176-219","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes three processes of external vowel sandhi — degemination (DG), elision (EL), and diphthongization (DT) — in São Tomé Vernacular Portuguese (PST). All three processes are found in PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Working with six Santomean informants, we analyzed a corpus of 113 sentences with vowel encounters in word boundaries (V#V). Then, we measured the duration of vowel encounters or the single resulting vowel when the encounter was undone. Factors such as the nature of the prosodic boundaries (phonological word, phonological phrase, and intonational phrase), prosodic stress (lexical and phonological word), and vowel quality are crucial to implementing sandhi processes. However, they occur in different prosodic settings: diphthongization occurs between intonation phrases (IP+IP) as long as their boundary is not limited by a pause. In contrast, elision and degemination occur in phonological word boundaries (ω + ω) and phonological phrase boundaries (ϕ + ϕ). The prominence of the phonological phrase was the preponderant factor in preventing all processes, blocking degemination whenever phonological phrase stress matches with a stressed second vowel. For elision and diphthongization, sandhi was blocked when two stressed vowels co-occurred with the stress of a phonological phrase.","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.10-50
Macarena Sol Quiroga, Celia Renata Rosemberg, Florencia Alam
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la composición léxica del vocabulario productivo infantil y su relación con el input lingüístico al que los niños de cuatro años de distintos grupos sociales están expuestos. A partir de un corpus de habla espontánea, se seleccionaron las transcripciones de 19 niños de dos grupos sociales distintos (n= 38), correspondientes a 456 horas de grabación, y se analizó la cantidad total y los tipos distintos de sustantivos, adjetivos y verbos, tanto en la producción infantil comoen el input lingüístico. El análisis de la varianza mostró que en ambos casos hubo una mayor cantidad de tipos distintos de sustantivos respecto a las demás palabras, pero una mayor cantidad total de verbos. Las regresiones beta con el vocabulario infantil como variable dependiente indicaron que la pertenencia al grupo socioeconómico fue un predictor de tipos distintos de todas las clases de palabras y de cantidad solo de adjetivos; la presencia de cada clase de palabra en el input fue predictor de la cantidad de las tres clases de palabras, y de mayor cantidad de tipos distintos de adjetivos y verbos. Estos resultados muestran la complejidad de las experiencias tempranas infantiles y la relevancia de atender a los distintos contextos en los que los niños adquieren el lenguaje.Palabras clave: vocabulario; composición léxica; producción infantil; entorno lingüístico.Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the lexical composition of child expressive vocabulary and its relationship with linguistic input of four-year-old children from different social backgrounds. From a spontaneous speech corpus, we analyzed the transcriptions of 19 children from two different social backgrounds (n = 38), corresponding to 456 hours of recordings, and we analyzed the lexical diversity and quantity of nouns, adjectives, and verbs, both in child vocabulary and input they wereexposed to. The analysis of variance showed that in both cases there was a greater noun type quantity compared to the other word classes, but a greater token quantity of verbs. Beta regressions with child vocabulary as a dependent variable showed that belonging to a socioeconomic group was a predictor of the three lexical classes’ types, but only of the adjective’s tokens; the presence of each word class in the linguistic input was apredictor of all three word classes, and only of adjective and verb types. These results manifest the complexity of early childhood experiences and the need to pay attention to the various contexts where children acquire language.Keywords: vocabulary; lexical composition; child production; linguistic input.
摘要:本研究的目的是分析四岁儿童生产词汇的词汇组成及其与语言输入的关系。自发起总结以确定了19名儿童的两个不同的社会群体(n = 38), 456个小时的录音,并分析了总量和不同类型的动词、形容词和名词,无论是在生产儿童comoen input lingüístico。方差分析表明，在这两种情况下，不同类型的名词比其他单词有更多的种类，但动词的总数更多。以儿童词汇为因变量的beta回归表明，社会经济群体成员身份是所有单词类别的不同类型和仅形容词数量的预测因子;输入中每一类单词的存在可以预测三种单词的数量，以及不同类型形容词和动词的数量。这些结果表明，儿童早期经历的复杂性和关注儿童语言习得的不同环境的相关性。关键词:词汇;léxica组成;儿童生产;lingüístico环境。摘要:本研究的目的是分析儿童表达性词汇的词汇构成及其与不同社会背景的四岁儿童语言输入的关系。从一个自发语料库中，我们分析了来自两个不同社会背景的19名儿童(n = 38)的转录本，对应456小时的录音，并分析了儿童词汇中名词、形容词和动词的词汇多样性和数量以及他们可能接触到的输入。The analysis of variance显示in both cases there was a greater noun type quantity算不上to The other word聚会,but a greater quantity of verbs令牌。以儿童词汇为因变量的Beta回归显示，属于一个社会经济群体是三种词汇类类型的预测因子，但仅是形容词的标记;在场每一个word class was in the linguistic input apredictor of all三word聚会,and only of adjective and verb类型。这些结果显示了儿童早期经历的复杂性，需要注意儿童学习语言的各种环境。Keywords: implications;lexical种;child生产;linguistic input。
{"title":"La composición léxica del vocabulario infantil en niños de cuatro años de distintos grupos sociales y su relación con el entorno lingüístico / Lexical composition of the vocabulary of four-year-old children from different social groups and its relationship to the linguistic environment","authors":"Macarena Sol Quiroga, Celia Renata Rosemberg, Florencia Alam","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.10-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.10-50","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la composición léxica del vocabulario productivo infantil y su relación con el input lingüístico al que los niños de cuatro años de distintos grupos sociales están expuestos. A partir de un corpus de habla espontánea, se seleccionaron las transcripciones de 19 niños de dos grupos sociales distintos (n= 38), correspondientes a 456 horas de grabación, y se analizó la cantidad total y los tipos distintos de sustantivos, adjetivos y verbos, tanto en la producción infantil comoen el input lingüístico. El análisis de la varianza mostró que en ambos casos hubo una mayor cantidad de tipos distintos de sustantivos respecto a las demás palabras, pero una mayor cantidad total de verbos. Las regresiones beta con el vocabulario infantil como variable dependiente indicaron que la pertenencia al grupo socioeconómico fue un predictor de tipos distintos de todas las clases de palabras y de cantidad solo de adjetivos; la presencia de cada clase de palabra en el input fue predictor de la cantidad de las tres clases de palabras, y de mayor cantidad de tipos distintos de adjetivos y verbos. Estos resultados muestran la complejidad de las experiencias tempranas infantiles y la relevancia de atender a los distintos contextos en los que los niños adquieren el lenguaje.Palabras clave: vocabulario; composición léxica; producción infantil; entorno lingüístico.Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the lexical composition of child expressive vocabulary and its relationship with linguistic input of four-year-old children from different social backgrounds. From a spontaneous speech corpus, we analyzed the transcriptions of 19 children from two different social backgrounds (n = 38), corresponding to 456 hours of recordings, and we analyzed the lexical diversity and quantity of nouns, adjectives, and verbs, both in child vocabulary and input they wereexposed to. The analysis of variance showed that in both cases there was a greater noun type quantity compared to the other word classes, but a greater token quantity of verbs. Beta regressions with child vocabulary as a dependent variable showed that belonging to a socioeconomic group was a predictor of the three lexical classes’ types, but only of the adjective’s tokens; the presence of each word class in the linguistic input was apredictor of all three word classes, and only of adjective and verb types. These results manifest the complexity of early childhood experiences and the need to pay attention to the various contexts where children acquire language.Keywords: vocabulary; lexical composition; child production; linguistic input.","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.344-386
René Venegas, Eleine Castro-Cano, Pablo Carrasco Del Carpio, Erika Choque-Vilca
: An evaluative writing genre that presents difficulties for university students is the argumentative essay (AE). This article aims to relate the quality of the introductions to the quality of the AEs, considering their lexical-grammar features. To achieve this, we selected 96 AEs, produced in two phases during one academic term. Then, we compared both phases of the evaluation of the AEs and their introductions (IEA), as well as their lexical-grammar features. Subsequently, we correlated the AE data with their AEIs. Finally, we performed a clustering analysis, according to lexical-grammar patterns. The findings indicate a) significant differences between AEs and AEIs of both phases, b) distinctive lexical-grammar patterns between both phases, c) a high correlation between AE and AEI quality, and d) a continuum of quality between introductions. Between the phases, we observed an improvement in the quality of the AEIs not only from the argumentative point of view but also according to the characteristics of the discursive genre. Furthermore, the importance of this macro-move as a predictor of content quality is proven. These results are useful for the early detection of difficulties in academic writing.
{"title":"Hacia la determinación de la calidad de los ensayos argumentativos a partir del análisis léxico-gramatical de sus introducciones / Towards the Determination of the Quality of Argumentative Essays From the Lexical-Grammatical Analysis of Their Introductions","authors":"René Venegas, Eleine Castro-Cano, Pablo Carrasco Del Carpio, Erika Choque-Vilca","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.344-386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.344-386","url":null,"abstract":": An evaluative writing genre that presents difficulties for university students is the argumentative essay (AE). This article aims to relate the quality of the introductions to the quality of the AEs, considering their lexical-grammar features. To achieve this, we selected 96 AEs, produced in two phases during one academic term. Then, we compared both phases of the evaluation of the AEs and their introductions (IEA), as well as their lexical-grammar features. Subsequently, we correlated the AE data with their AEIs. Finally, we performed a clustering analysis, according to lexical-grammar patterns. The findings indicate a) significant differences between AEs and AEIs of both phases, b) distinctive lexical-grammar patterns between both phases, c) a high correlation between AE and AEI quality, and d) a continuum of quality between introductions. Between the phases, we observed an improvement in the quality of the AEIs not only from the argumentative point of view but also according to the characteristics of the discursive genre. Furthermore, the importance of this macro-move as a predictor of content quality is proven. These results are useful for the early detection of difficulties in academic writing.","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48786990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.278-304
Laiza Rodrigues Oliveira
: In the present work there is a concise study in Lexicon Sciences, in which the concept of lexicon is defined according to the lexicologist Maria Tereza Biderman and how the lexicon is dictionarized according to the linguist Maria da Graça Krieger. Subsequently, a brief history of lexicographical production is approached and, soon after, the assumptions of Pedagogical Lexicography with the support of the National Textbook Program - Dictionaries (2012) and the National Common Curricular Base (2017). This movement aims to show that, in addition to the contributions regarding the expansion of vocabulary and linguistic knowledge, school dictionaries also collaborate
当前《词汇科学》对词汇的概念进行了简明的研究，根据词汇学家Maria Tereza Biderman对词汇的概念进行了定义，根据语言学家Maria da gra a Krieger对词汇如何进行词典化进行了研究。随后，介绍了词典编纂的简史，并在国家教科书计划-词典(2012年)和国家共同课程基地(2017年)的支持下，对教学词典编纂的假设进行了探讨。这一运动旨在表明，除了对词汇和语言知识的扩展做出贡献外，学校词典也在合作
{"title":"Dicionários escolares como instrumento para a formação cidadã do estudante / School dictionaries as an instrument for the citizen formation of the student","authors":"Laiza Rodrigues Oliveira","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.278-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.278-304","url":null,"abstract":": In the present work there is a concise study in Lexicon Sciences, in which the concept of lexicon is defined according to the lexicologist Maria Tereza Biderman and how the lexicon is dictionarized according to the linguist Maria da Graça Krieger. Subsequently, a brief history of lexicographical production is approached and, soon after, the assumptions of Pedagogical Lexicography with the support of the National Textbook Program - Dictionaries (2012) and the National Common Curricular Base (2017). This movement aims to show that, in addition to the contributions regarding the expansion of vocabulary and linguistic knowledge, school dictionaries also collaborate","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49035949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.51-76
Marilze Tavares, Renato Rodrigues Pereira
Resumo: Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a toponímia indígena de acidentes físicos de nove municípios da Região Geográfica Intermediária de Rio Verde (GO). Ao orientar-se por princípios teóricos e metodológicos da Toponímia, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) verificar a etimologia e os significados dos itens lexicais que passaram a exercer a função de topônimos, como forma de buscar a motivação semântica dessas unidades e classificá-las conforme o modelo taxionômico de Dick (1990a); ii)descrever os dados em termos de produtividade no universo estudado e a estrutura morfológica; iii) comparar os nomes indígenas da região goiana com os do sul de Mato Grosso do Sul, com a intenção de averiguar se a influência de línguas indígenas é a mesma em regiões onde há comunidades autóctones atualmente. A análise demonstrou que os topônimos são, em sua maioria, motivados por elementos da vegetação e da fauna regional. O cotejamento dos dados evidenciou que topônimos de origem Tupi estão nasduas áreas comparadas. Em Mato Grosso do Sul, entretanto, a atual presença de povos indígenas confere à toponímia local características distintas, ou seja, as línguas ainda faladas por essa população interferem diretamente na toponímia da região.Palavras-chave: Toponímia indígena; Acidentes físicos; Região GeográficaIntermediária de Rio Verde/GO.Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the indigenous toponymy of physical accidents in nine municipalities in the Intermediate Geographical Region of Rio Verde (GO). By being guided by theoretical and methodological principles of Toponymy, the following specific objectives were established: (i) to verify the etymology and the meanings of the lexical items that came to exercise the function of toponyms, as a way to seek the semantic motivation of these units and classify them according to Dick’s taxonomic model (1990a); (ii) to describe the data in terms of productivity in the studied universe and the morphological structure; (iii) to compare the indigenous names of the Goiásregion with those of the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, with the intention of ascertaining whether the influence of indigenous languages is the same in regions where there are indigenous communities today. The analysis showed that the toponyms are mostly motivated by elements of the vegetation and the regional fauna. The comparison of the data showed that toponyms of Tupi origin are found in both compared areas. In Mato Grosso do Sul, however, the current presence of indigenous people gives the localtoponymy distinct characteristics, i.e., the languages still spoken by this population interfere directly in the region’s toponymy.Keywords: Indigenous toponymy; Physical accidents; Intermediate Geographic Region of Rio Verde/GO.
摘要本研究旨在分析里约热内卢Verde (GO)中间地理区域9个城市的土著物理事故地名。地名的理论和方法指导为原则,建立了以下目标:(1)检查的词源和具体意义的词项的运动功能的地名,拿动机的形式语义单位,其分类模型taxionômico迪克(1990);ii)从研究宇宙的生产力和形态结构方面描述数据;iii)将goias地区的土著名称与南马托格罗索州南部的土著名称进行比较，以确定土著语言的影响在目前有土著社区的地区是否相同。分析表明，地名的动机主要是植被和区域动物群的元素。数据整理表明，图皮地名在两个比较区域都有。然而，在南马托格罗索州，目前土著人民的存在赋予了当地地名独特的特征，也就是说，这些人仍然使用的语言直接干扰了该地区的地名。关键词:土著地名;身体的事故;里约热内卢Verde/GO的中间地理区域。摘要:本研究的目的是分析里约热内卢Verde (GO)中间地理区域九个城市物理事故的土著地名。圣城被Toponymy理论和方法论原则的引导下,以下具体目标是建立:(i)做etymology and the meanings词汇的情况,来锻炼toponyms的函数的语义动机的途径寻求这些单位和classify他们根据迪克’s系统模型(1990);(二)从所研究宇宙的生产力和形态结构的角度描述数据;(iii)将goias地区的土著名称与南马托格罗索州南部的土著名称进行比较，以确定在今天有土著社区的地区，土著语言的影响是否相同。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。数据的比较表明，在两个比较区域都可以找到图皮起源的地名。然而，在南马托格罗索州，目前土著人民的存在赋予了当地地名独特的特征，即这些人仍然使用的语言直接干扰了该地区的地名。关键词:土著地名;物理事故;里约热内卢Verde/GO的中间地理区域。
{"title":"A toponímia de origem tupi na Região Geográfica Intermediária de Rio Verde (GO) / The toponymy of Tupi origin in the Intermediate Geographical Region of Rio Verde (GO)","authors":"Marilze Tavares, Renato Rodrigues Pereira","doi":"10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.51-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.51-76","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo: Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a toponímia indígena de acidentes físicos de nove municípios da Região Geográfica Intermediária de Rio Verde (GO). Ao orientar-se por princípios teóricos e metodológicos da Toponímia, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) verificar a etimologia e os significados dos itens lexicais que passaram a exercer a função de topônimos, como forma de buscar a motivação semântica dessas unidades e classificá-las conforme o modelo taxionômico de Dick (1990a); ii)descrever os dados em termos de produtividade no universo estudado e a estrutura morfológica; iii) comparar os nomes indígenas da região goiana com os do sul de Mato Grosso do Sul, com a intenção de averiguar se a influência de línguas indígenas é a mesma em regiões onde há comunidades autóctones atualmente. A análise demonstrou que os topônimos são, em sua maioria, motivados por elementos da vegetação e da fauna regional. O cotejamento dos dados evidenciou que topônimos de origem Tupi estão nasduas áreas comparadas. Em Mato Grosso do Sul, entretanto, a atual presença de povos indígenas confere à toponímia local características distintas, ou seja, as línguas ainda faladas por essa população interferem diretamente na toponímia da região.Palavras-chave: Toponímia indígena; Acidentes físicos; Região GeográficaIntermediária de Rio Verde/GO.Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the indigenous toponymy of physical accidents in nine municipalities in the Intermediate Geographical Region of Rio Verde (GO). By being guided by theoretical and methodological principles of Toponymy, the following specific objectives were established: (i) to verify the etymology and the meanings of the lexical items that came to exercise the function of toponyms, as a way to seek the semantic motivation of these units and classify them according to Dick’s taxonomic model (1990a); (ii) to describe the data in terms of productivity in the studied universe and the morphological structure; (iii) to compare the indigenous names of the Goiásregion with those of the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, with the intention of ascertaining whether the influence of indigenous languages is the same in regions where there are indigenous communities today. The analysis showed that the toponyms are mostly motivated by elements of the vegetation and the regional fauna. The comparison of the data showed that toponyms of Tupi origin are found in both compared areas. In Mato Grosso do Sul, however, the current presence of indigenous people gives the localtoponymy distinct characteristics, i.e., the languages still spoken by this population interfere directly in the region’s toponymy.Keywords: Indigenous toponymy; Physical accidents; Intermediate Geographic Region of Rio Verde/GO.","PeriodicalId":42188,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudos da Linguagem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.31.1.146-175
Fábio Alexandre Silva Bezerra, A. A. D. Souza
Abstract: Global media have reported widely on the (in)actions of the Brazilian federal government, particularly of president Jair Bolsonaro, in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to describe media representations in terms of their transitivity choices (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and to discuss how emerged language patterns may be indicative of particular ways life and death have been controlled in terms of a coupled conceptualization between biopolitics (FOUCAULT, 2008) and necropolitics (MBEMBE, 2019) which we call necrobiopolitics. Overall results indicate how the death of babies and mothers, the collapse of hospital and health service, the spike in hunger, the dismissal of the severity of the pandemic, and the purposeful delay in purchasing vaccines are instrumental in the way president Jair Bolsonaro has implemented a political agenda that defines whose lives are worthy and whose deaths are tolerated.Keywords: global media; COVID-19; Brazil; transitivity; necrobiopolitics.Resumo: A mídia global tem noticiado amplamente as (in)ações do governo federal brasileiro, em particular do presidente Jair Bolsonaro, no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19. Este artigo objetiva descrever representações midiáticas em termos de suas escolhas de transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e discutir como os padrões de linguagem emergentes podem ser indicativos de maneiras particulares de como a vida e a morte foram controladas em termos de uma conceituação combinada entre biopolítica (FOUCAULT, 2008) e necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2019) que chamamos de necrobiopolítica. Os resultados gerais indicam como a morte de bebês e de mães, o colapso da rede de hospitais e do serviço de saúde, o aumento da fome, a negação da gravidade da pandemia e o atraso proposital na compra de vacinas são fundamentais na forma como o presidente Jair Bolsonaro implementou uma agenda política que define quais vidas têm valor e quais mortes são toleradas.Palavras-chave: mídia global; COVID-19; Brasil; transitividade; necrobiopolítica.
摘要:全球媒体广泛报道了巴西联邦政府，特别是总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)在应对COVID-19大流行方面的行动。本文旨在从及物性选择的角度来描述媒介表征(HALLIDAY;MATTHIESSEN, 2004)，并讨论出现的语言模式如何表明生命和死亡被控制的特定方式，即生命政治(FOUCAULT, 2008)和死亡政治(MBEMBE, 2019)之间的耦合概念，我们称之为死亡生物政治。总体结果表明，婴儿和母亲的死亡、医院和卫生服务的崩溃、饥饿人数的激增、对大流行严重性的忽视以及有意推迟购买疫苗，对雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)总统实施政治议程的方式起到了重要作用，该议程确定了谁的生命值得拥有，谁的死亡可以容忍。关键词:全球媒体;COVID-19;巴西;传递性;necrobiopolitics。简历:ações巴西联邦政府，特别是巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)发布了一份全球项目公告，表示不应对2019冠状病毒病大流行。estee artitiva descrever representações midiáticas em termos de suas escolhas de transitividade (HALLIDAY;MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e discutir como os padrões de linguagem emerges podem ser指示性de maneiras特殊性de como and vida more forforam controlas em termos de uma conceitu o combinada entre biopolítica (FOUCAULT, 2008) e necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2019) que chamamos de necrobiopolítica。结果是，我们的医疗保健和医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的疫苗工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利，我们的医疗保健工作进展顺利。palavras - have: mídia global;COVID-19;巴西;transitividade;necrobiopolitica。
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