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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation, 2005.最新文献

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Optimizing data intensive window-based image processing on reconfigurable hardware boards 在可重构硬件板上优化基于窗口的数据密集型图像处理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579918
Haiqian Yu, M. Leeser
Most image processing applications are not only computationally intensive, but also data intensive. Reconfigurable hardware boards provide a convenient and flexible solution to speed up these algorithms. To get a high performance design without going through the time-consuming hardware design process for each different algorithm, we present a simple design flow for window-based image processing applications. By finding the three upper bounds according to area constraints, memory bandwidth constraints and on-chip memory constraints, the block structure of the design which can fully utilized the available resources on the board is determined. A new buffering method is also discussed in this paper to build an efficient memory hierarchy for this type of application.
大多数图像处理应用程序不仅是计算密集型的,而且是数据密集型的。可重构的硬件板为加速这些算法提供了方便和灵活的解决方案。为了获得高性能的设计,而不需要为每个不同的算法进行耗时的硬件设计过程,我们提出了一个基于窗口的图像处理应用程序的简单设计流程。通过根据面积约束、内存带宽约束和片上内存约束找到三个上限,确定设计中能够充分利用板上可用资源的块结构。本文还讨论了一种新的缓冲方法,为这类应用程序建立一个高效的内存层次结构。
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引用次数: 10
Cross-layer energy-throughput evaluation of multi-hop/path communication and link adaptation for IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11a多跳/路径通信和链路自适应的跨层能量吞吐量评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579832
S. Pollin, R. Goyens, W. Cleeren, B. Bougard
Future wireless communication devices are expected to support a wide range of applications, while coping with stringent energy budget requirements. Delivering at each moment in time the required performance with minimal energy consumption is a promising energy management technique to enable pervasive wireless networking. Considering transmission energy only, the use of multiple small hops results in a decrease of the energy consumption. On the other hand, decreasing the transmission rate of a single hop similarly results in a decrease of the energy needed to deliver a bit. In this paper we compare the use of multiple small hops along different paths with a single large hop in the energy-throughput design space. In contrast with earlier work, realistic transceiver models are used, that cover the complete MAC, transmit and receive chain and support different transmission rates. Results show that, compared to single hop link adaptation, the use of multiple hops in indoor environments is only optimal in the energy-throughput space for distances larger than 30 m or when there are obstacles present that can be avoided in alternative paths. For those larger distances, significant gains are possible though. Hence, to achieve energy optimal operation in 802.11a networks, it is important to adapt jointly the physical layer constellation and network layer path selection.
未来的无线通信设备有望支持广泛的应用,同时应对严格的能源预算要求。在每个时刻以最小的能量消耗提供所需的性能是一种很有前途的能量管理技术,可以实现普及的无线网络。只考虑传输能量,使用多个小跳可以减少能量消耗。另一方面,降低单跳的传输速率同样会导致传输比特所需的能量减少。在本文中,我们比较了在能量吞吐量设计空间中沿不同路径使用多个小跳和单个大跳的情况。与以前的工作相比,我们使用了真实的收发器模型,覆盖了完整的MAC、发送和接收链,并支持不同的传输速率。结果表明,与单跳链路适应相比,在室内环境中使用多跳链路只有在能量吞吐量空间中距离大于30米或存在可通过替代路径避免的障碍物时才是最佳的。对于那些距离更远的人来说,可能会有显著的收获。因此,要在802.11a网络中实现能量最优运行,必须同时适应物理层星座和网络层路径选择。
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引用次数: 3
The generalized quadrature modulation structures 广义正交调制结构
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579922
Jie-Cherng Liu
A family of the generalized quadrature modulation (GQM) structures is proposed that includes a prototype FIR or IIR filter within the structure. By choosing a proper filter and setting a single parameter many applications can be exploited, such as tunable band-pass filtering, band-pass Hubert transformation, single-sideband processing, band-inversion processing, etc. In other words, the GQM structures generalize the existing quadrature modulation systems and also have the potential to exploit other applications.
提出了一类广义正交调制(GQM)结构,其中包含FIR或IIR滤波器原型。通过选择合适的滤波器并设置单个参数,可以开发许多应用,如可调谐带通滤波,带通休伯特变换,单边带处理,带反转处理等。换句话说,GQM结构推广了现有的正交调制系统,并具有开发其他应用的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Image transmission in sensor networks 传感器网络中的图像传输
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579960
K. Lui, E. Lam
Wireless sensor networks allow fine-grained monitoring of the environment. However, as sensors have physical limitations in energy, processing power, and memory, etc., techniques have to be developed to efficiently utilize the limited resource available in a sensor network. In this paper, we study the image transmission problem in sensor networks. Cameras are installed in various locations of a wide area to take images of targeted objects. These images have to be sent back to a centralized server, which may be very far away from the cameras. Therefore, the images have to traverse the sensors hop by hop to the server. As images usually contain a large amount of data, if they are sent individually, the communication overheads are huge. To reduce the overheads, we can pre-process the images in the sensors before sending them back to the server, but this preprocessing requires extra energy in the sensors. In this paper, we study how images can be efficiently transmitted through a sensor network. We aim at reducing the energy needed in transmitting the images while maintaining the quality of the combined image.
无线传感器网络允许对环境进行细粒度监测。然而,由于传感器在能量、处理能力和内存等方面存在物理限制,因此必须开发技术来有效利用传感器网络中有限的可用资源。本文主要研究传感器网络中的图像传输问题。摄像机安装在广阔区域的不同位置,以拍摄目标物体的图像。这些图像必须被发送回一个中央服务器,这个服务器可能离摄像头很远。因此,图像必须逐跳地遍历传感器到服务器。由于图像通常包含大量数据,如果单独发送,通信开销是巨大的。为了减少开销,我们可以在将图像发送回服务器之前对传感器中的图像进行预处理,但是这种预处理需要传感器中的额外能量。在本文中,我们研究了如何通过传感器网络有效地传输图像。我们的目标是减少传输图像所需的能量,同时保持合成图像的质量。
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引用次数: 11
A multiprocessor based packet-switch: performance analysis of the communication infrastructure 基于多处理器的分组交换:通信基础设施的性能分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579859
S. Tota, M. Casu, M. Roch, M. Zamboni
The intra-chip communication infrastructures are receiving always more attention since they are becoming a crucial part in the development of current SoCs. Due to the high availability of pre-characterized hard-IP, the complexity of the design is moving toward global interconnections which are introducing always more constraints at each technology node. Power consumption, timing closure, bandwidth requirements, time to market, are some of the factors that are leading to the proposal of new solutions for next generation multi-million SoCs. The need of high programmable systems and the high gate-count availability is moving always more attention on multiprocessors systems (MP-SoC) and so an adequate solution must be found for the communication infrastructure. One of the most promising technologies is the network-on-chip (NoC) architecture, which seems to better fit with the new demanding complexity of such systems. Before starting to develop new solutions, it is crucial to fully understand if and when current bus architectures introduce strong limitations in the development of high speed systems. This article describes a case study of a multiprocessor based ethernet packet-switch application with a shared-bus communication infrastructure. This system aims to depict all the bottlenecks which a shared-bus introduces under heavy load. What emerges from this analysis is that, as expected, a shared-bus is not scalable and it strongly limits whole system performances. These results strengthen the hypothesis that new communication architectures (like the NoC) must be found.
片内通信基础设施越来越受到人们的关注,成为当前soc发展的重要组成部分。由于预表征硬ip的高可用性,设计的复杂性正朝着全局互连的方向发展,这在每个技术节点上引入了更多的约束。功耗、时序关闭、带宽要求、上市时间,是导致下一代数百万级soc提出新解决方案的一些因素。高可编程系统和高门数可用性的需求使人们越来越关注多处理器系统(MP-SoC),因此必须为通信基础设施找到适当的解决方案。最有前途的技术之一是片上网络(NoC)架构,它似乎更适合这种系统对复杂性的新要求。在开始开发新的解决方案之前,至关重要的是要充分了解当前的总线架构是否以及何时在高速系统的开发中引入了强大的限制。本文描述了一个具有共享总线通信基础设施的基于多处理器的以太网分组交换应用程序的案例研究。本系统旨在描述共享总线在高负载情况下引入的所有瓶颈。从这个分析中得出的结论是,正如预期的那样,共享总线是不可扩展的,并且严重限制了整个系统的性能。这些结果加强了必须找到新的通信体系结构(如NoC)的假设。
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引用次数: 4
Flexible hardware architecture for 2-D separable scaling using convolution interpolation 利用卷积插值实现二维可分缩放的灵活硬件结构
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579953
J. Arnabat-Benedicto, F.C. Tormo
There is not a single scaling technique that suites all kind of images. Final image quality (IQ) depends not only on the scale factor but also on the type of image (photo, CAD, text...) the user is willing to print or display. Formally, any scaling operation can be interpreted as a combination of an anti-alias filter and an interpolation by continuous convolution. In this paper we present a hardware architecture based on this formal framework that performs two dimensional (2-D) separable image up- and down-scaling with a high degree of flexibility and a low hardware cost. In particular, in this paper we propose a convolution interpolator with a programmable kernel memory, we develop a design rule for optimizing the kernel coefficient memory size and we report a flexible anti-alias filter. The increased flexibility provided by the combination of the aforementioned elements renders superior IQ since the scaling technique and parameters can be adjusted to each specific type of image.
没有一种单一的缩放技术适用于所有类型的图像。最终的图像质量(IQ)不仅取决于比例因子,还取决于用户愿意打印或显示的图像类型(照片、CAD、文本……)。形式上,任何缩放操作都可以解释为抗混叠滤波器和连续卷积插值的组合。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于该形式化框架的硬件架构,该架构以高度的灵活性和低硬件成本执行二维(2-D)可分离图像的上下缩放。在本文中,我们特别提出了一个具有可编程核存储器的卷积插值器,我们开发了一个优化核系数存储器大小的设计规则,我们报告了一个灵活的抗混叠滤波器。由于缩放技术和参数可以根据每种特定类型的图像进行调整,因此上述元素组合提供的灵活性增加了IQ。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of fetal heart rate using grammatical evolution 胎儿心率的语法演化分类
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579906
D. Gavrilis, I. Tsoulos
There is an ongoing effort to develop advanced methods and computer-based systems to assist obstetricians in the difficult task of feature extraction and classification of the cardiotocogram (CTG), which is the most widely used electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) method worldwide. A novel method for feature construction is presented for efficient classification of CTG based on information extracted from fetal heart rate (FHR) signal. The proposed method is based on grammatical evolution in order to construct new features from existing ones using nonlinear transformations. This method is tested on a data set of intrapartum cases achieving accuracy of 92.5%.
目前正在努力开发先进的方法和基于计算机的系统,以协助产科医生完成心动图(CTG)的特征提取和分类的艰巨任务,这是世界上使用最广泛的电子胎儿监测(EFM)方法。提出了一种基于胎儿心率信号信息的特征构建方法,用于CTG的有效分类。该方法基于语法演化,利用非线性变换从已有特征中构造新特征。该方法在产时病例数据集上进行了测试,准确率为92.5%。
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引用次数: 9
Signature verification based on line directionality 基于线路方向的签名验证
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579890
E. Zois, A. Nassiopoulos, V. Anastassopoulos
A novel technique is presented for off-line signature recognition and verification. The feature extraction procedure employs directional-vectors, similar to those used in chain codes, which provide a global measure of the signature image. The signature trace is transformed into the feature vector by measuring the directional strength of line segments having a chessboard distance equal to two. A probabilistic neural topology is employed for the design of the classifier. In order to obtain comparable results, the method was applied to a database already used in the literature. The verification procedure provides low classification error for authentic signatures while it eliminates the forgers.
提出了一种新的离线签名识别与验证技术。特征提取过程采用方向向量,类似于链码中使用的方向向量,它提供了签名图像的全局度量。通过测量具有棋盘距离等于2的线段的方向强度,将签名轨迹转换为特征向量。分类器的设计采用了概率神经拓扑。为了获得可比较的结果,将该方法应用于文献中已使用的数据库。该验证过程在消除伪造者的同时,为真实签名提供了低分类误差。
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引用次数: 6
Low-power MPEG-4 video encoder design 低功耗MPEG-4视频编码器设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579880
K. Denolf, A. Chirila-Rus, D. Verkest
The improving resolutions of new video appliances continuously increase the throughput requirements of video codecs and complicate the challenges encountered during their cost-efficient design. The energy limitations of mobile appliances create the demand for low-power implementations. We propose a custom high-performance MPEG-4 video encoder. The fully dedicated video pipeline is realized using a systematic design approach and exploits the inherent functional parallelism of the compression algorithm. Memory optimizations and algorithmic optimizations combined at the high-level and their effect on the power-efficiency is demonstrated. The resulting MPEG-4 video encoder contains a tailored memory hierarchy; uses burst oriented accesses to external memory and supports real-time processing of 30 4CIF frames per second while only consuming 71 mW in a 180 nm, 1.62 V UMC technology.
新视频设备的分辨率不断提高,不断提高视频编解码器的吞吐量要求,并使其成本效益设计过程中遇到的挑战复杂化。移动设备的能量限制产生了对低功耗实现的需求。我们提出了一种定制的高性能MPEG-4视频编码器。利用压缩算法固有的功能并行性,采用系统的设计方法实现了全专用视频管道。演示了内存优化和算法优化在高层次上的结合及其对功率效率的影响。生成的MPEG-4视频编码器包含定制的内存层次结构;使用面向突发的外部存储器访问,并支持每秒30 4CIF帧的实时处理,同时在180 nm, 1.62 V UMC技术中仅消耗71 mW。
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引用次数: 7
The high throughput and low memory access design of sub-pixel interpolation for H.264/AVC HDTV decoder H.264/AVC高清电视解码器中亚像素插值的高吞吐量和低内存访问设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SIPS.2005.1579882
Mo Li, Ronggang Wang, Wuchen Wu
In this paper, we proposed a parallel and pipeline architecture for the sub-pixel interpolation filter in H.264/AVC conformed HDTV decoder. To efficiently use the bus bandwidth, we bring forward two memory access optimization strategies to avoid redundant data transfer and improve data bus utilization. To improve the processing throughput, we use parallel and multi-stage pipeline architecture for conducting data transmission and interpolation filtering in parallel. As compared to the traditional designs, our scheme offers 60% reduced memory data transfer. While clocking at 66 MHz, our design can support 1280/spl times/720 at 30 Hz processing throughput. The proposed design is suitable for system-on-chip design.
针对H.264/AVC格式高清电视解码器中的亚像素插值滤波器,提出了一种并行流水线结构。为了有效利用总线带宽,提出了两种内存访问优化策略,以避免冗余数据传输,提高数据总线利用率。为了提高处理吞吐量,我们采用并行和多级管道架构并行进行数据传输和插值滤波。与传统设计相比,我们的方案减少了60%的内存数据传输。当时钟频率为66 MHz时,我们的设计可以在30 Hz处理吞吐量下支持1280/spl次/720。本设计适用于片上系统设计。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation, 2005.
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