This article analyzes the election slogans of Hong Kong chief executives and the titles of their policy addresses since Hong Kong’s handover to mainland China in 1997, from the point of view of translation methods, cultural implications and reader responses. It finds that literal translation dominates in the translation of election slogans and policy address titles, that translated slogans and titles portray Hong Kong as a collectivist society with low power distance, and that choices between domestication and foreignization are dependent upon individual chief executives (or nominees). The article discusses the growing importance of the role of readers and proposes an inductive framework of interactive responses to represent the reality of political translation in the new era brought about by digitalization.
{"title":"Translation, culture and politics","authors":"Ling Yu Debbie Tsoi, Fung Ming Christy Liu","doi":"10.1075/ts.18009.tso","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.18009.tso","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the election slogans of Hong Kong chief executives and the titles of their policy addresses\u0000 since Hong Kong’s handover to mainland China in 1997, from the point of view of translation methods, cultural implications and\u0000 reader responses. It finds that literal translation dominates in the translation of election slogans and policy address titles,\u0000 that translated slogans and titles portray Hong Kong as a collectivist society with low power distance, and that choices between\u0000 domestication and foreignization are dependent upon individual chief executives (or nominees). The article discusses the growing\u0000 importance of the role of readers and proposes an inductive framework of interactive responses to represent the reality of\u0000 political translation in the new era brought about by digitalization.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43438783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of machine translation (MT) in crisis settings is of increasing interest to humanitarian practitioners. We collaborated with industry and non-profit partners: (1) to develop and test the utility of an MT system trained specifically on crisis-related content in an under-resourced language combination (French-to-Swahili); and (2) to evaluate the extent to which speakers of both French and Swahili without post-editing experience could be mobilized to post-edit the output of this system effectively. Our small study carried out in Kenya found that our system performed well, provided useful output, and was positively evaluated by inexperienced post-editors. We use the study to discuss the feasibility of MT use in crisis settings for low-resource language combinations and make recommendations on data selection and domain consideration for future crisis-related MT development.
{"title":"More than tweets","authors":"Patrick Cadwell, Sharon O’Brien, Eric DeLuca","doi":"10.1075/ts.19018.cad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.19018.cad","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The application of machine translation (MT) in crisis settings is of increasing interest to humanitarian\u0000 practitioners. We collaborated with industry and non-profit partners: (1) to develop and test the utility of an MT system trained\u0000 specifically on crisis-related content in an under-resourced language combination (French-to-Swahili); and (2) to evaluate the\u0000 extent to which speakers of both French and Swahili without post-editing experience could be mobilized to post-edit the output of\u0000 this system effectively. Our small study carried out in Kenya found that our system performed well, provided useful output, and\u0000 was positively evaluated by inexperienced post-editors. We use the study to discuss the feasibility of MT use in crisis settings\u0000 for low-resource language combinations and make recommendations on data selection and domain consideration for future\u0000 crisis-related MT development.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45922870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corpus-Based Research in Legal and Institutional Translation","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/ts.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42554761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-17DOI: 10.1215/9781478002444-006
J. Buts
This article argues that researchers in Translation Studies may proactively aim to understand the consequences of an envisaged merger between targeted advertising and automated translation. Functional translation software is widely available online, and several platforms now perform instant translation, sometimes without asking the user whether this is required. Indeed, the user’s main language is known to various applications, which keep track of this information along with other settings and preferences. Data tracking is commonly used to produce targeted advertising: people receive commercial information about products they are likely to be interested in. If text can instantly be altered according to a user’s linguistic preferences, it can also be altered according to aesthetic, commercial, or political preferences. The article discusses theoretical and ideological aspects of the sociotechnical evolution towards the production and consumption of personalised content, highlighting the role translation may come to play.
{"title":"Targeted individuals","authors":"J. Buts","doi":"10.1215/9781478002444-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478002444-006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues that researchers in Translation Studies may proactively aim to understand the consequences of\u0000 an envisaged merger between targeted advertising and automated translation. Functional translation software is widely available\u0000 online, and several platforms now perform instant translation, sometimes without asking the user whether this is required. Indeed,\u0000 the user’s main language is known to various applications, which keep track of this information along with other settings and\u0000 preferences. Data tracking is commonly used to produce targeted advertising: people receive commercial information about products\u0000 they are likely to be interested in. If text can instantly be altered according to a user’s linguistic preferences, it can also be\u0000 altered according to aesthetic, commercial, or political preferences. The article discusses theoretical and ideological aspects of\u0000 the sociotechnical evolution towards the production and consumption of personalised content, highlighting the role translation may\u0000 come to play.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an attempt to appreciate the contribution that social network analysis (SNA) might offer to translation historiography, two main approaches are presented and discussed in this study: explanatory SNA and exploratory SNA. The former is more concerned with SNA measures while the latter deals with three potential narratives of social networks. The aim is to employ SNA in diachronic and synchronic dimensions of literary translation publishing historiography in Iran from 1991 to 2010, a micro-macro framework that seamlessly integrates agents’ relationships, visualization and network analysis techniques to explore the impact of ideological-political shifts on the quantity as well as quality of major agents’ relations. Furthermore, the study attempts to explore how the synergy between Giddens’ Structuration Theory (GST) and SNA can support a deeper and more empirically grounded understanding of translation historiography. The goal of the study is both methodological and scientific. The results of SNA graphical outputs suggest that there is a significant relationship between the structure of relationships in fiction publishing field and the dominant political discourse in Iran.
{"title":"Towards a new methodological approach to social historiography of translation","authors":"Nasrin Ashrafi, M. Hashemi, Hossein Akbari","doi":"10.1075/ts.19003.ash","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.19003.ash","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In an attempt to appreciate the contribution that social network analysis (SNA) might offer to translation\u0000 historiography, two main approaches are presented and discussed in this study: explanatory SNA and exploratory SNA. The former is\u0000 more concerned with SNA measures while the latter deals with three potential narratives of social networks. The aim is to employ\u0000 SNA in diachronic and synchronic dimensions of literary translation publishing historiography in Iran from 1991 to 2010, a\u0000 micro-macro framework that seamlessly integrates agents’ relationships, visualization and network analysis techniques to explore\u0000 the impact of ideological-political shifts on the quantity as well as quality of major agents’ relations. Furthermore, the study\u0000 attempts to explore how the synergy between Giddens’ Structuration Theory (GST) and SNA can support a deeper and more empirically\u0000 grounded understanding of translation historiography. The goal of the study is both methodological and scientific. The results of\u0000 SNA graphical outputs suggest that there is a significant relationship between the structure of relationships in fiction\u0000 publishing field and the dominant political discourse in Iran.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses adjectival descriptions used to frame and promote physical space in tourism texts in English and in Greek, and how any differences are negotiated in translation. A comparison is drawn across three categories of space (human-made, natural, and abstract) to investigate how each locality affects and is affected by linguistic choices. Methodologically, a corpus triangulation approach is employed, combining corpora created from three types of tourism websites: original or non-translated Greek websites; their translations into English; and non-translated websites in English. Results reveal that, while important differences are observed between English and Greek non-translated texts, translations tend to stay very close to their source texts, with small differences observed across the three categories of space. This study contributes to both tourism and translation studies by offering insight into how space is framed across languages, which can inform, and ultimately, transform, translation practice.
{"title":"“A pretty village is a welcome sight”","authors":"Sofia Malamatidou","doi":"10.1075/TS.18019.MAL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TS.18019.MAL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper analyses adjectival descriptions used to frame and promote physical space in tourism texts in English and in Greek, and\u0000 how any differences are negotiated in translation. A comparison is drawn across three categories of space (human-made, natural,\u0000 and abstract) to investigate how each locality affects and is affected by linguistic choices. Methodologically, a corpus\u0000 triangulation approach is employed, combining corpora created from three types of tourism websites: original or non-translated\u0000 Greek websites; their translations into English; and non-translated websites in English. Results reveal that, while important\u0000 differences are observed between English and Greek non-translated texts, translations tend to stay very close to their source\u0000 texts, with small differences observed across the three categories of space. This study contributes to both tourism and\u0000 translation studies by offering insight into how space is framed across languages, which can inform, and ultimately, transform,\u0000 translation practice.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors, effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical sectors are comparable to damages in safety-critical sectors in general and conclude that near-misses management methods can also be applied to translations. Further examination of damages caused by translation errors is necessary to broaden the empirical base.
{"title":"Of ostriches, pyramids, and Swiss cheese","authors":"C. Canfora, Angelika Ottmann","doi":"10.1075/TS.18002.CAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TS.18002.CAN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have\u0000 grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors,\u0000 effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most\u0000 effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the\u0000 structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical\u0000 sectors are comparable to damages in safety-critical sectors in general and conclude that near-misses management methods can also\u0000 be applied to translations. Further examination of damages caused by translation errors is necessary to broaden the empirical\u0000 base.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46675859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joss Moorkens, Antonio Toral, Sheila Castilho, Andy Way
In the context of recent improvements in the quality of machine translation (MT) output and new use cases being found for that output, this article reports on an experiment using statistical and neural MT systems to translate literature. Six professional translators with experience of literary translation produced English-to-Catalan translations under three conditions: translation from scratch, neural MT post-editing, and statistical MT post-editing. They provided feedback before and after the translation via questionnaires and interviews. While all participants prefer to translate from scratch, mostly due to the freedom to be creative without the constraints of segment-level segmentation, those with less experience find the MT suggestions useful.
{"title":"Translators’ perceptions of literary post-editing using statistical and neural machine translation","authors":"Joss Moorkens, Antonio Toral, Sheila Castilho, Andy Way","doi":"10.1075/TS.18014.MOO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TS.18014.MOO","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the context of recent improvements in the quality of machine translation (MT) output and new use cases being found for that\u0000 output, this article reports on an experiment using statistical and neural MT systems to translate literature. Six professional\u0000 translators with experience of literary translation produced English-to-Catalan translations under three conditions: translation\u0000 from scratch, neural MT post-editing, and statistical MT post-editing. They provided feedback before and after the translation via\u0000 questionnaires and interviews. While all participants prefer to translate from scratch, mostly due to the freedom to be creative\u0000 without the constraints of segment-level segmentation, those with less experience find the MT suggestions useful.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses adjectival descriptions used to frame and promote physical space in tourism texts in English and in Greek, and how any differences are negotiated in translation. A comparison is drawn across three categories of space (human-made, natural, and abstract) to investigate how each locality affects and is affected by linguistic choices. Methodologically, a corpus triangulation approach is employed, combining corpora created from three types of tourism websites: original or non-translated Greek websites; their translations into English; and non-translated websites in English. Results reveal that, while important differences are observed between English and Greek non-translated texts, translations tend to stay very close to their source texts, with small differences observed across the three categories of space. This study contributes to both tourism and translation studies by offering insight into how space is framed across languages, which can inform, and ultimately, transform, translation practice.
{"title":"“ A Pretty Village is a Welcome Sight ” : A Contrastive Study of the Promotion of Physical Space in Official Tourism Websites","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/ts.7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses adjectival descriptions used to frame and promote physical space in tourism texts in English and in Greek, and how any differences are negotiated in translation. A comparison is drawn across three categories of space (human-made, natural, and abstract) to investigate how each locality affects and is affected by linguistic choices. Methodologically, a corpus triangulation approach is employed, combining corpora created from three types of tourism websites: original or non-translated Greek websites; their translations into English; and non-translated websites in English. Results reveal that, while important differences are observed between English and Greek non-translated texts, translations tend to stay very close to their source texts, with small differences observed across the three categories of space. This study contributes to both tourism and translation studies by offering insight into how space is framed across languages, which can inform, and ultimately, transform, translation practice.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to examine Yeldeğirmeni, a historically multilingual and multicultural neighborhood in Istanbul, as a translation zone. The language landscape of Yeldeğirmeni, along with its social and cultural texture, has been transformed by both social and political changes in Turkey, and as a result of urban interventions by institutional and individual actors. We discuss the Yeldeğirmeni Revitalization Project and Mural Istanbul Festival as urban interventions that transform the social and cultural texture of the city in translation zones, owing to the significant role played by cultural mediators. Yeldeğirmeni is analyzed as a discourse in the context of cultural translation, and urban intervention is viewed as a medium of translation.
{"title":"Understanding urban intervention as a translational activity","authors":"A. Ayhan, Emine Bogenç Demirel","doi":"10.1075/TS.18004.AYH","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TS.18004.AYH","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine Yeldeğirmeni, a historically multilingual and multicultural neighborhood in Istanbul, as a translation zone. The language landscape of Yeldeğirmeni, along with its social and cultural texture, has been transformed by both social and political changes in Turkey, and as a result of urban interventions by institutional and individual actors. We discuss the Yeldeğirmeni Revitalization Project and Mural Istanbul Festival as urban interventions that transform the social and cultural texture of the city in translation zones, owing to the significant role played by cultural mediators. Yeldeğirmeni is analyzed as a discourse in the context of cultural translation, and urban intervention is viewed as a medium of translation.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49098729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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