Akiko Sakamoto, Darren van Laar, Joss Moorkens, Félix do Carmo
This article discusses the conceptual and methodological aspects of the Translator WRQoL (Work-related Quality of Life) survey and provides some preliminary results and observations based on the first pilot study. The survey is being developed to measure translators’ work satisfaction and motivation in the context of job digitalisation and automation. Literature suggests that translators’ work satisfaction and their career motivation have been adversely affected. The survey being developed in this study intends to quantitatively measure the causes of the adverse effects using psychometric-strong scales. The ultimate goal is to administer the Translator WRQoL survey on a large scale, and using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling), to identify the causal relationships between the constructs measured by the scale and to determine what kind of translators (regarding worker profiles and attitudes to technology and other factors) have high/low levels of work-related quality of life and are more/less willing to stay in the profession.
{"title":"Measuring translators’ quality of working life and their career motivation","authors":"Akiko Sakamoto, Darren van Laar, Joss Moorkens, Félix do Carmo","doi":"10.1075/ts.23026.sak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23026.sak","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses the conceptual and methodological aspects of the Translator WRQoL (Work-related Quality of\u0000 Life) survey and provides some preliminary results and observations based on the first pilot study. The survey is being developed\u0000 to measure translators’ work satisfaction and motivation in the context of job digitalisation and automation. Literature suggests\u0000 that translators’ work satisfaction and their career motivation have been adversely affected. The survey being developed in this\u0000 study intends to quantitatively measure the causes of the adverse effects using psychometric-strong scales. The ultimate goal is\u0000 to administer the Translator WRQoL survey on a large scale, and using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling), to identify the causal\u0000 relationships between the constructs measured by the scale and to determine what kind of translators (regarding worker profiles\u0000 and attitudes to technology and other factors) have high/low levels of work-related quality of life and are more/less willing to\u0000 stay in the profession.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employs Q methodology to analyze the job satisfaction of healthcare interpreters/translators who serve Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. The unique working conditions imposed by the pandemic are addressed from the various perspectives of the interpreters and translators, who are also migrants. The participants (n = 26) were clustered into different groups based on their shared viewpoints on sources of job satisfaction. The findings confirm that job satisfaction among healthcare interpreters and translators is multifaceted and personal; they derive from interactions with other members of the interpreter’s immediate professional circle, confidence in one’s own inherent values, and an emotional urge to belong to their professional community, which is dominated by the host country’s citizens. This study concludes that recognizing and bolstering the commitments of healthcare interpreters and translators is vital for establishing work-life balance and should be supported by the state, particularly during times of crisis.
{"title":"Unraveling the multifaceted nature of job satisfaction among migrant healthcare interpreters/translators","authors":"Narongdej Phanthaphoommee, Athip Thumvichit","doi":"10.1075/ts.23005.pha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23005.pha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study employs Q methodology to analyze the job satisfaction of healthcare interpreters/translators who serve Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. The unique working conditions imposed by the pandemic are addressed from the various perspectives of the interpreters and translators, who are also migrants. The participants (n = 26) were clustered into different groups based on their shared viewpoints on sources of job satisfaction. The findings confirm that job satisfaction among healthcare interpreters and translators is multifaceted and personal; they derive from interactions with other members of the interpreter’s immediate professional circle, confidence in one’s own inherent values, and an emotional urge to belong to their professional community, which is dominated by the host country’s citizens. This study concludes that recognizing and bolstering the commitments of healthcare interpreters and translators is vital for establishing work-life balance and should be supported by the state, particularly during times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Localization is the process through which products are tailored to the socio-cultural values of the recipient locale. This study seeks to shed light on the practice of video games cultural localization in Iran by focusing on two of the most prominent software localization and publication companies in Iran, namely Parnian and Gerdoo. Furthermore, identifying the types of content considered inappropriate by the Iranian game localization supervisory bodies constitutes another aim of the present study. To this end, six officially localized video games are compared and contrasted with their original English counterparts. As for the results, the modifications were observed at both diegetic and non-diegetic levels. Modifications revolved around the following themes: religious issues, socio-cultural issues, and socio-political references linked to Iran’s legal and religious frameworks. Regarding the strategies, the localized video games were modified by removing the cut scenes, applying graphical changes, and editing out the original soundtrack.
{"title":"The cultural localization of video games in Iran","authors":"Amir Arsalan Zoraqi, Movahedeh Sadat Mousavi","doi":"10.1075/ts.23011.zor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23011.zor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Localization is the process through which products are tailored to the socio-cultural values of the\u0000 recipient locale. This study seeks to shed light on the practice of video games cultural localization in Iran by focusing on two\u0000 of the most prominent software localization and publication companies in Iran, namely Parnian and\u0000 Gerdoo. Furthermore, identifying the types of content considered inappropriate by the Iranian game\u0000 localization supervisory bodies constitutes another aim of the present study. To this end, six officially localized video games\u0000 are compared and contrasted with their original English counterparts. As for the results, the modifications were observed at both\u0000 diegetic and non-diegetic levels. Modifications revolved around the following themes: religious issues, socio-cultural issues, and\u0000 socio-political references linked to Iran’s legal and religious frameworks. Regarding the strategies, the localized video games\u0000 were modified by removing the cut scenes, applying graphical changes, and editing out the original soundtrack.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dubbed speech has often been accused of sounding artificial and somewhat exaggerated, mainly because it features a type of melody that substantially differs from both spontaneous speech and domestic fictional dialogue. This paper explores the most significant vocal patterns that shape a recognisable melody in Castilian-Spanish dubbed dialogue in order to ascertain whether they really contribute to the artificiality of the target version or, on the contrary, help preserve the credibility of the film production and viewers’ cinematic illusion. The discussion reveals that dubbed speech is characterised by certain vocal features specific to this genre that, despite differing from the ones used in spontaneous speech and screen acting, appear to work effectively in dubbing and are generally tolerated by audiences. There seems to be room, however, for naturalising some of these patterns in an effort to achieve an acceptable balance between what conveys the impression of spontaneity and what sounds natural within the context of dubbing.
{"title":"The melody of Spanish dubbed dialogue","authors":"Sofía Sánchez-Mompeán","doi":"10.1075/ts.23007.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23007.san","url":null,"abstract":"Dubbed speech has often been accused of sounding artificial and somewhat exaggerated, mainly because it features a type of melody that substantially differs from both spontaneous speech and domestic fictional dialogue. This paper explores the most significant vocal patterns that shape a recognisable melody in Castilian-Spanish dubbed dialogue in order to ascertain whether they really contribute to the artificiality of the target version or, on the contrary, help preserve the credibility of the film production and viewers’ cinematic illusion. The discussion reveals that dubbed speech is characterised by certain vocal features specific to this genre that, despite differing from the ones used in spontaneous speech and screen acting, appear to work effectively in dubbing and are generally tolerated by audiences. There seems to be room, however, for naturalising some of these patterns in an effort to achieve an acceptable balance between what conveys the impression of spontaneity and what sounds natural within the context of dubbing.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article investigates the role of localization in the representation of different gender and sexuality profiles in video games. Using Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology as a methodological framework, it analyzes the ideological and cultural limitations that restrict the rewriting of minority sexualities and genders when the original versions are transferred to other languages. The article begins by considering the generative capacities of translation as an agent that can discursively construct the subject, before focusing on the implications of localization for the shaping of identities from a phenomenological perspective to describe what conditions may lead to the appearance of translated queer paradigms in video games. The theoretical approach is applied to selected examples and conclusions for the practice of localization and its academic study are drawn.
{"title":"Translating gender in video games","authors":"Antonio Jesús Martínez Pleguezuelos","doi":"10.1075/ts.22032.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22032.mar","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the role of localization in the representation of different gender and sexuality profiles in video games. Using Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology as a methodological framework, it analyzes the ideological and cultural limitations that restrict the rewriting of minority sexualities and genders when the original versions are transferred to other languages. The article begins by considering the generative capacities of translation as an agent that can discursively construct the subject, before focusing on the implications of localization for the shaping of identities from a phenomenological perspective to describe what conditions may lead to the appearance of translated queer paradigms in video games. The theoretical approach is applied to selected examples and conclusions for the practice of localization and its academic study are drawn.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In August 2022, the New York Times published an article entitled Why is this colorful little wheel suddenly everywhere in Japan? ( Dooley and Ueno 2022 ). The little wheel refers to the logo of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a United Nations (UN) initiative at the core of Agenda 2030, an extensive “plan of action for people, planet and prosperity” ( UN General Assembly 2015 ). As illustrated by the Japanese example, the SDGs enjoy increasing public visibility across the globe and are frequently appealed to in education, politics and corporate communication. Despite the importance attached to the goals in both national and international settings, the SDG framework has received little attention in translation studies. This special collection aims to address this gap. The introduction presents the SDGs and highlights the role played in their dissemination by indirect translation, understood as translation of translation. The four articles included in the collection are introduced and further reflections are provided on the position of language as a resource at the interface of economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
2022年8月，《纽约时报》刊登了一篇题为《为什么这个彩色小轮子突然在日本遍地都是?》(Dooley and Ueno 2022)。这个小轮子指的是可持续发展目标(SDGs)的标志，这是联合国(UN)在2030年议程(一项广泛的“人类、地球和繁荣的行动计划”)的核心倡议。正如日本的例子所表明的那样，可持续发展目标在全球范围内的公众知名度越来越高，在教育、政治和企业沟通中经常被呼吁。尽管这些目标在国内和国际上都受到重视，但在翻译研究中，可持续发展目标框架却很少受到关注。这个特别的收藏旨在解决这一差距。引言部分介绍了可持续发展目标，并强调了间接翻译在其传播中所起的作用，即翻译的翻译。本书介绍了收录的四篇文章，并对语言作为经济、社会和环境可持续性的一种资源的地位进行了进一步的思考。
{"title":"Indirect translation and sustainable development","authors":"Jan Buts, Hanna Pięta, Laura Ivaska, James Hadley","doi":"10.1075/ts.00031.but","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00031.but","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In August 2022, the New York Times published an article entitled Why is this colorful little wheel suddenly everywhere in Japan? ( Dooley and Ueno 2022 ). The little wheel refers to the logo of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a United Nations (UN) initiative at the core of Agenda 2030, an extensive “plan of action for people, planet and prosperity” ( UN General Assembly 2015 ). As illustrated by the Japanese example, the SDGs enjoy increasing public visibility across the globe and are frequently appealed to in education, politics and corporate communication. Despite the importance attached to the goals in both national and international settings, the SDG framework has received little attention in translation studies. This special collection aims to address this gap. The introduction presents the SDGs and highlights the role played in their dissemination by indirect translation, understood as translation of translation. The four articles included in the collection are introduced and further reflections are provided on the position of language as a resource at the interface of economic, social, and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although research on the role of emotion in audiovisual translation and audio description has gained some ground in recent years, the emotional reception of subtitles as an AVT mode has been under researched. To address this empirical gap, this paper presents the results of a study on the emotional rating of English and Polish subtitles to a selection of animated films. Expressions from Polish and English subtitled versions of the same films were collected, and 100 participants (native speakers of Polish and English) were asked to rate them in terms of emotional valence and arousal evoked. While the main effect of utterance type (negatively valenced, neutral, positively valenced) was observed, there was no effect of language, suggesting that the subtitle excerpts elicited similar responses in both languages.
{"title":"The emotional value of Polish and English subtitles","authors":"Agata Stanisławska, Paweł Korpal","doi":"10.1075/ts.23001.sta","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23001.sta","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Although research on the role of emotion in audiovisual translation and audio description has gained some ground in recent years, the emotional reception of subtitles as an AVT mode has been under researched. To address this empirical gap, this paper presents the results of a study on the emotional rating of English and Polish subtitles to a selection of animated films. Expressions from Polish and English subtitled versions of the same films were collected, and 100 participants (native speakers of Polish and English) were asked to rate them in terms of emotional valence and arousal evoked. While the main effect of utterance type (negatively valenced, neutral, positively valenced) was observed, there was no effect of language, suggesting that the subtitle excerpts elicited similar responses in both languages.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Torres-Simón, Susana Valdez, Hanna Pięta, Rita Menezes
This article addresses the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers’ point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.
{"title":"Is indirect translation a friend or a foe of sustainable development?","authors":"E. Torres-Simón, Susana Valdez, Hanna Pięta, Rita Menezes","doi":"10.1075/ts.22025.tor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22025.tor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article addresses the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers’ point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite its controversial status, indirect translation remains one of the most prevalent translation methods and efforts have been made to explore the positive effects of this practice. The present article aims to contribute to such endeavours by researching the potential of indirect fansubbing for the promotion of several key areas of the United Nations’ Fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The article reports on a fansubbing community consisting of Chinese to Spanish amateur subtitlers who have mobilised indirect translation to attain linguistic proficiency, translational skills and cultural literacy. Results from fieldwork and qualitative data show that indirect subtitles might enhance Spanish-speaking communities’ appreciation of foreign languages and cultures by providing access to otherwise inaccessible audiovisual products. The present research finds potential for indirect fansubbing as an autodidactic method capable of promoting a culture of lifelong learning, global citizenship, and the appreciation of cultural diversity, factors conducive to the fourth SDG.
{"title":"Fan indirect subtitling of Cdramas by women in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Luis Damián Moreno García","doi":"10.1075/ts.22017.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22017.mor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite its controversial status, indirect translation remains one of the most prevalent translation methods and efforts have been made to explore the positive effects of this practice. The present article aims to contribute to such endeavours by researching the potential of indirect fansubbing for the promotion of several key areas of the United Nations’ Fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The article reports on a fansubbing community consisting of Chinese to Spanish amateur subtitlers who have mobilised indirect translation to attain linguistic proficiency, translational skills and cultural literacy. Results from fieldwork and qualitative data show that indirect subtitles might enhance Spanish-speaking communities’ appreciation of foreign languages and cultures by providing access to otherwise inaccessible audiovisual products. The present research finds potential for indirect fansubbing as an autodidactic method capable of promoting a culture of lifelong learning, global citizenship, and the appreciation of cultural diversity, factors conducive to the fourth SDG.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Term variation occurs when different designations are used to name the same concept. In institutional settings, such as the European Union, term variants multiply, partly as a result of the different languages and directions involved. Indirect translation is a recurrent practice in these multilingual contexts since it limits the number of language combinations, besides reducing costs and the need for translators. This paper describes how indirect translation via English has an influence on Spanish term variation in the European Union. We analyzed the EUR-Lex and Europarl English and Spanish corpora in Sketch Engine. The focus was on concepts related to Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action, which are specifically addressed in these institutional corpora as a result of a long-standing environmental awareness. Our analysis indicates that indirect translation seems to have a subtle effect on term variants, since their proliferation seems to be mitigated when indirect translation is used.
{"title":"Indirect translation and its influence on term variation","authors":"Melania Cabezas-García, P. León-Araúz","doi":"10.1075/ts.22026.cab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22026.cab","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Term variation occurs when different designations are used to name the same concept. In institutional settings,\u0000 such as the European Union, term variants multiply, partly as a result of the different languages and directions involved.\u0000 Indirect translation is a recurrent practice in these multilingual contexts since it limits the number of language combinations,\u0000 besides reducing costs and the need for translators. This paper describes how indirect translation via English has an influence on\u0000 Spanish term variation in the European Union. We analyzed the EUR-Lex and Europarl English and Spanish corpora in Sketch Engine.\u0000 The focus was on concepts related to Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action, which are specifically\u0000 addressed in these institutional corpora as a result of a long-standing environmental awareness. Our analysis indicates that\u0000 indirect translation seems to have a subtle effect on term variants, since their proliferation seems to be mitigated when indirect\u0000 translation is used.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49310673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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