Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0005
Marcelo Mayorga Zúñiga
espanolHacia fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX, en el contexto de un periodo de expansion por parte de naciones europeas y la naciente republica norteamericana, empieza a desarrollarse la caza comercial de lobos marinos, y en tal sentido, el extremo austral de America, se configuraria como uno de las principales areas de sus incursiones. Este trabajo busca contribuir a conocer mayores antecedentes respecto de la presencia de este grupo de navegantes, en relacion a la interaccion sostenida con los aborigenes australes y las actividades cinegeticas propiamente tales. El estudio se basa en documentos ineditos, especificamente bitacoras (logbooks) de embarcaciones loberas estadounidenses. Se plantea la hipotesis de que esta actividad comercial fue mucho mas que un transitorio deambular dedicado a la obtencion y acopio de pieles para su posterior traslado a mercados lejanos, por el contrario, los cazadores de lobos establecieron una estrecha relacion con los aborigenes que poblaban dichos territorios, ademas de generar un paulatino proceso de familiarizacion con la geografia. EnglishTowards the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century, in the context of a period of expansion on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial hunting of fur seals began to develop, and in this sense, the southern end of America became one of the main areas of their incursions. This work seeks to contribute to know more background regarding the presence of this group of navigators, in relation to the sustained interaction with the austral aborigines, as well as, regarding hunting activities. The study is based on unpublished documents, specifically American sealing ship logs. It is hypothesized that this commercial activity was much more than a transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and collecting skins for distant markets, on the contrary, fur-seal hunters established a close relationship with the aborigines who populated these territories, in addition to generating a gradual process of familiarization with geography.
espanolHacia 18世纪末和19世纪的初期,在安排内的欧洲国家和美国新兴共和国,开始发展海洋商业捕狼,在这方面,美国南部端的configuraria入侵的主要领域之一。在这篇文章中，我们描述了一群航海家的存在，他们与南方土著居民的持续互动，以及电影活动本身。这项研究是基于前所未有的文件，特别是美国loberas船的日志。出现hipotesis这种商业活动是远比一个瞬态都致力于流浪obtencion毛皮和收集遥远的转会市场,相反,猎人与aborigenes狼建立了密切的关系。这些领土的国际文书,此外产生逐渐与geografia familiarizacion进程。EnglishTowards the end of the 18 19世纪and the beginning of the century, in the context of a period of安排on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial狩猎of fur海豹开始编写,and in this sense the southern, end of America), one of the main areas of their incursions。本工作旨在增进对这群航海家的存在、与南方土著居民的持续互动以及狩猎活动的了解。这项研究是基于未发表的文件，特别是美国密封船舶日志。It is hypothesized that this was much more than a commercial activity transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and收集skins for distant markets设立的条约,fur-seal hunters, close a relationship with the aborigines who populated这些领土,in addition to创造逐步process of familiarization with地理。
{"title":"Seal-skinners lobeando en territorio chono, aónikenk y chilote, 1830-1845","authors":"Marcelo Mayorga Zúñiga","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"espanolHacia fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX, en el contexto de un periodo de expansion por parte de naciones europeas y la naciente republica norteamericana, empieza a desarrollarse la caza comercial de lobos marinos, y en tal sentido, el extremo austral de America, se configuraria como uno de las principales areas de sus incursiones. Este trabajo busca contribuir a conocer mayores antecedentes respecto de la presencia de este grupo de navegantes, en relacion a la interaccion sostenida con los aborigenes australes y las actividades cinegeticas propiamente tales. El estudio se basa en documentos ineditos, especificamente bitacoras (logbooks) de embarcaciones loberas estadounidenses. Se plantea la hipotesis de que esta actividad comercial fue mucho mas que un transitorio deambular dedicado a la obtencion y acopio de pieles para su posterior traslado a mercados lejanos, por el contrario, los cazadores de lobos establecieron una estrecha relacion con los aborigenes que poblaban dichos territorios, ademas de generar un paulatino proceso de familiarizacion con la geografia. EnglishTowards the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century, in the context of a period of expansion on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial hunting of fur seals began to develop, and in this sense, the southern end of America became one of the main areas of their incursions. This work seeks to contribute to know more background regarding the presence of this group of navigators, in relation to the sustained interaction with the austral aborigines, as well as, regarding hunting activities. The study is based on unpublished documents, specifically American sealing ship logs. It is hypothesized that this commercial activity was much more than a transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and collecting skins for distant markets, on the contrary, fur-seal hunters established a close relationship with the aborigines who populated these territories, in addition to generating a gradual process of familiarization with geography.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"31 1","pages":"85-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77506913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0004
Judit Vidal Bonavila
Tuna traps are a long history art, being one of the oldest fishing industries of the world. From this object of study we can disaggregate multiple aspects of this activity from different points of view (productive, economical, political and social). This paper focuses on the analysis of tuna traps from the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia and Catalonia) in XVIth and XVIIth centuries. In this chronology, fisheries contributed to the economic and cultural development of the regions that have been studied, but also to the western Mediterranean Sea as a whole. For this reason, it is important to compare these fishing areas with those from the most important fishing regions, especially the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and the south of the Iberian Peninsula. On the other hand, they also have to be related to other regions at an international level, so as to know the impact of these traps in each territory, in addition to the commercial and cultural relations that were designed to take advantage of sea resources. This method is based on the study of primary documentary sources kept in state and private archives of the mentioned regions.
{"title":"El Impacto político, económico y social de la pesca del atún con almadrabas en el levante de la península ibérica","authors":"Judit Vidal Bonavila","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Tuna traps are a long history art, being one of the oldest fishing industries of the world. From this object of study we can disaggregate multiple aspects of this activity from different points of view (productive, economical, political and social). This paper focuses on the analysis of tuna traps from the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia and Catalonia) in XVIth and XVIIth centuries. In this chronology, fisheries contributed to the economic and cultural development of the regions that have been studied, but also to the western Mediterranean Sea as a whole. For this reason, it is important to compare these fishing areas with those from the most important fishing regions, especially the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and the south of the Iberian Peninsula. On the other hand, they also have to be related to other regions at an international level, so as to know the impact of these traps in each territory, in addition to the commercial and cultural relations that were designed to take advantage of sea resources. This method is based on the study of primary documentary sources kept in state and private archives of the mentioned regions.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"69 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87926631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0001
Claudio Aguirre Munizaga, C. Mondaca
espanolLa industria pesquera en Iquique paso por distintos ciclos, de abundancia y escasez, principalmente por los vaivenes del mercado y la naturaleza, los cuales fueron marcando la industria a lo largo de su historia. Dentro de este contexto, se analizan las memorias e imaginarios sociales sobre esta nueva etapa economica de la region, a partir de sus actores principales, los pescadores industriales del puerto de Iquique (conocidos como “tripulantes”), tomando en cuenta el conjunto de practicas, laborales y culturales, de clase y genero. Inferimos que se conforman cuatro imaginarios colectivos de diferenciacion instituidos desde la base de su especificidad laboral, la que va a estar supeditada por la transformacion de la tecnologia de extraccion y del mercado (auge economico), generando nuevos cambios sociales entre los tripulantes y sus practicas culturales heterogeneas. EnglishThe fishing industry in Iquique went through different cycles of abundance and shortage, mainly by the vagaries of the market and the nature, which were marking the industry along its history. Within this context, we are analysing the reports and social imaginary on this new stage of the economic region, from its principal actors, the industrial fishermen from the port of Iquique (known as "crew"), and taking into account the set of practices, labor and cultural, class and gender. We infer that conform four imaginary collectives of differentiation introduced since the basis of its specificity of labor, which is going to be subject to the transformation of the mining technology and market (economic boom), generating new social changes among the crew and their cultural practices heterogeneous.
伊基克的西班牙捕鱼业经历了不同的周期，丰富和稀缺，主要是由于市场和自然的波动，这标志着整个行业的历史。在此背景下,分析了记忆和假想社会关于这个地区的新阶段economica,从它们的主要工业,渔民Iquique港口(称为“船员”),同时考虑到一系列的实践类、劳动、文化和性别问题。我们推断，基于他们的劳动特殊性而建立的四种不同的集体想象，将服从于提取技术和市场(经济繁荣)的转变，在船员和他们的异质性文化实践中产生新的社会变化。伊基克的渔业经历了不同的丰富和短缺的循环，主要是由于市场和自然的变化，这标志着渔业的历史。在此背景下，我们分析了经济区域这一新阶段的报告和社会想象，主要参与者是伊基克港的工业渔民(称为“船员”)，并考虑到实践、劳动和文化、阶级和性别等方面。We infer that conform four imaginary conventions collectives of differentiation根据specificity体制以来的劳工,which is going to be subject to the transformation of the mining技术和社会经济繁荣),创造新市场(changes the practices heterogeneous文化艺人及其中。
{"title":"Memorias e imaginarios del ciclo pesquero entre los tripulantes industriales del puerto de Iquique, norte de Chile (1960-1990)","authors":"Claudio Aguirre Munizaga, C. Mondaca","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa industria pesquera en Iquique paso por distintos ciclos, de abundancia y escasez, principalmente por los vaivenes del mercado y la naturaleza, los cuales fueron marcando la industria a lo largo de su historia. Dentro de este contexto, se analizan las memorias e imaginarios sociales sobre esta nueva etapa economica de la region, a partir de sus actores principales, los pescadores industriales del puerto de Iquique (conocidos como “tripulantes”), tomando en cuenta el conjunto de practicas, laborales y culturales, de clase y genero. Inferimos que se conforman cuatro imaginarios colectivos de diferenciacion instituidos desde la base de su especificidad laboral, la que va a estar supeditada por la transformacion de la tecnologia de extraccion y del mercado (auge economico), generando nuevos cambios sociales entre los tripulantes y sus practicas culturales heterogeneas. EnglishThe fishing industry in Iquique went through different cycles of abundance and shortage, mainly by the vagaries of the market and the nature, which were marking the industry along its history. Within this context, we are analysing the reports and social imaginary on this new stage of the economic region, from its principal actors, the industrial fishermen from the port of Iquique (known as \"crew\"), and taking into account the set of practices, labor and cultural, class and gender. We infer that conform four imaginary collectives of differentiation introduced since the basis of its specificity of labor, which is going to be subject to the transformation of the mining technology and market (economic boom), generating new social changes among the crew and their cultural practices heterogeneous.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"116 1","pages":"7-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0006
Pablo Max Camus Gayan, M. Arias
espanolEste articulo busca evidenciar como el Estado fue delimitando y prohibiendo algunas practicas de pesca artesanal a comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de proteger los recursos marinos bajo principios racionales y de conservacionismo, y en beneficio del erario nacional, cambiando la logica de bienes comunes y libertad de pesca. Asi, este articulo plantea que tras la promulgacion de la Ley de Pesca de 1907 en Chile, se inicio tanto un proceso de apropiacion fiscal y cercamiento de los espacios y bienes comunes litorales y marinos, como tambien un proceso de intervencion del Estado en las practicas de los pescadores artesanales, especialmente en que, como y cuando pescar. Esta intervencion cambio radicalmente las practicas de la pesca artesanal y la relacion del hombre con el mar durante las primeras decadas del siglo XX. EnglishThis article seeks to show how the State was delimiting and prohibiting some artisanal fishing practices in the early twentieth century, in order to protect marine resources under rational principles and conservationism for the benefit of the national treasury, changing the logic of common property and freedom fishing. Thus, this article states that after the enactment of the Fisheries Act of 1907 in Chile, both a process of fiscal appropriation and enclosure of coastal and marine common spaces and goods was initiated, as well as a process of State intervention in practices of artisanal fishers, especially in what, how and when to fish. This intervention radically changed the practices of artisanal fishing and the relationship between man and the sea during the first decades of the 20th century.
espanolEste跟进寻找证据作为国家是已经封锁和禁止某些个体捕捞实践二十世纪初以来,以保护海洋资源的原则下合理和conservacionismo有利于国家财政部改变逻辑共同财产和自由渔船。promulgacion之后,这篇文章提出这智利渔业法1907年,检察官开始害怕apropiacion过程和护板和共同财产海岸线和海洋空间,如诺状态的过程也是一个手工渔民的实践,特别是,当钓鱼。在20世纪的头几十年里，这种干预从根本改变了手工捕鱼的做法和人类与海洋的关系。本文试图说明国家在二十世纪初如何界定和禁止某些手工捕鱼做法，以便根据合理的原则和保护主义保护海洋资源，使国库受益，改变共同财产和自由捕鱼的逻辑。因此,这条渔场states that after the enactment of the Act of both a process of 1907智利检察官appropriation enclosure of沿海地区和海洋common spaces and was公益initiated, as well as a process of State干预in practices of artisanal渔民,尤其是in what, how and when to fish。这种干预从根本上改变了20世纪头几十年手工捕鱼的做法和人与海洋之间的关系。
{"title":"Pescadores artesanales y prácticas pesqueras a inicios del siglo XX. Entre el control estatal y la libertad de pesca","authors":"Pablo Max Camus Gayan, M. Arias","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo busca evidenciar como el Estado fue delimitando y prohibiendo algunas practicas de pesca artesanal a comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de proteger los recursos marinos bajo principios racionales y de conservacionismo, y en beneficio del erario nacional, cambiando la logica de bienes comunes y libertad de pesca. Asi, este articulo plantea que tras la promulgacion de la Ley de Pesca de 1907 en Chile, se inicio tanto un proceso de apropiacion fiscal y cercamiento de los espacios y bienes comunes litorales y marinos, como tambien un proceso de intervencion del Estado en las practicas de los pescadores artesanales, especialmente en que, como y cuando pescar. Esta intervencion cambio radicalmente las practicas de la pesca artesanal y la relacion del hombre con el mar durante las primeras decadas del siglo XX. EnglishThis article seeks to show how the State was delimiting and prohibiting some artisanal fishing practices in the early twentieth century, in order to protect marine resources under rational principles and conservationism for the benefit of the national treasury, changing the logic of common property and freedom fishing. Thus, this article states that after the enactment of the Fisheries Act of 1907 in Chile, both a process of fiscal appropriation and enclosure of coastal and marine common spaces and goods was initiated, as well as a process of State intervention in practices of artisanal fishers, especially in what, how and when to fish. This intervention radically changed the practices of artisanal fishing and the relationship between man and the sea during the first decades of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"30 1","pages":"109-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0025
Bárbara Mazza
espanolLa enfermedad degenerativa articular (EDA) es una de las patologias oseas mas comunes de sociedades pasadas y presentes. Se caracteriza por la destruccion del cartilago que recubre las articulaciones, cuya etiologia esta relacionada con factores intrinsecos y extrinsecos al individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las prevalencias de la EDA en el esqueleto apendicular de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras que habitaron el sur de la cuenca del Plata (Argentina) hacia fines del Holoceno Tardio. A la vez, se propone evaluar la relacion de la EDA con la edad y sexo de los individuos, sus indices de robusticidad diafisiaria, tamano corporal, sitios y unidades arqueologicas. Para esto se registro la presencia de osteofitos marginales y superficiales, porosidad y eburnacion en una muestra de 921 superficies articulares. Los resultados indican que la EDA presenta una prevalencia del 11,29% de la muestra total, y se manifiesta principalmente entre individuos femeninos mayores a los 35 anos, en tamanos corporales pequenos y en elementos oseos con altos indices de robusticidad diafisiaria. Estos resultados sugieren que factores etarios, hormonales, geneticos y mecanicos habrian influido en la presencia de la EDA. EnglishDegenerative joint disease (DJD) is one of the commonest bone pathologies in past and present societies. It is characterized by fragmentation of the synovial joint cartilage, whose etiology is related to individual´s intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The objective of this work is to explore DJD prevalence in the appendicular skeleton of late Holocene hunter-gathers from the southern point of La Plata Basin (Argentina). In addition, this work evaluates the relationship between DJD and the age and sex of the individuals, their midshaft robusticity indices, body size, archaeological sites and units. To this end, the presence of marginal and surface osteophytes, porosity and/or eburnation were registered on 921 articular surfaces. The results show that DJD has a prevalence of 11.29% in the total sample, and it manifests mainly among individuals females above 35 years of age, in small body sizes and in long bones with high midshaft robusticity indices. These results suggest that age, hormones, genetics and mechanical factors might have influenced the presence of DJD.
{"title":"Enfermedad degenerativa articular en el esqueleto apendicular de cazadores-recolectores del sur de la cuenca del Plata","authors":"Bárbara Mazza","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0025","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa enfermedad degenerativa articular (EDA) es una de las patologias oseas mas comunes de sociedades pasadas y presentes. Se caracteriza por la destruccion del cartilago que recubre las articulaciones, cuya etiologia esta relacionada con factores intrinsecos y extrinsecos al individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las prevalencias de la EDA en el esqueleto apendicular de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras que habitaron el sur de la cuenca del Plata (Argentina) hacia fines del Holoceno Tardio. A la vez, se propone evaluar la relacion de la EDA con la edad y sexo de los individuos, sus indices de robusticidad diafisiaria, tamano corporal, sitios y unidades arqueologicas. Para esto se registro la presencia de osteofitos marginales y superficiales, porosidad y eburnacion en una muestra de 921 superficies articulares. Los resultados indican que la EDA presenta una prevalencia del 11,29% de la muestra total, y se manifiesta principalmente entre individuos femeninos mayores a los 35 anos, en tamanos corporales pequenos y en elementos oseos con altos indices de robusticidad diafisiaria. Estos resultados sugieren que factores etarios, hormonales, geneticos y mecanicos habrian influido en la presencia de la EDA. EnglishDegenerative joint disease (DJD) is one of the commonest bone pathologies in past and present societies. It is characterized by fragmentation of the synovial joint cartilage, whose etiology is related to individual´s intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The objective of this work is to explore DJD prevalence in the appendicular skeleton of late Holocene hunter-gathers from the southern point of La Plata Basin (Argentina). In addition, this work evaluates the relationship between DJD and the age and sex of the individuals, their midshaft robusticity indices, body size, archaeological sites and units. To this end, the presence of marginal and surface osteophytes, porosity and/or eburnation were registered on 921 articular surfaces. The results show that DJD has a prevalence of 11.29% in the total sample, and it manifests mainly among individuals females above 35 years of age, in small body sizes and in long bones with high midshaft robusticity indices. These results suggest that age, hormones, genetics and mechanical factors might have influenced the presence of DJD.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"42 1","pages":"171-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0028
L. Wagner
espanolLa existencia de conflictos socioambientales en Argentina ha ganado creciente visibilidad en la opinion publica y en los medios de comunicacion. Aquellos conflictos suscitados por la potencial instalacion de proyectos mineros a gran escala, principalmente metaliferos, se destacan por su cantidad y productividad. Este articulo pretende avanzar en la caracterizacion de estos procesos conflictivos, a partir del analisis de uno de los ultimos conflictos generados en Argentina, en la localidad de Loncopue, provincia de Neuquen, donde una empresa de capitales chinos intento llevar adelante una exploracion minera en territorio mapuche. A traves de un trabajo etnografico con las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto, la investigacion tiene como objetivo central dar cuenta de la heterogenea trama de relaciones que dieron lugar al rechazo al proyecto minero, que se materializo en la realizacion de un referendum (consulta popular). Se busca tambien, en menor proporcion, indagar en las estrategias que las empresas chinas despliegan en el territorio para llevar adelante sus inversiones. La investigacion demuestra que estos conflictos empujan cambios sociales en pequenas comunidades que impactan en la institucionalidad en materia ambiental y de derechos de las comunidades indigenas. EnglishThe existence of socio-environmental conflicts in Argentina has gained increasing visibility in public opinion and in the media. Those conflicts caused by the potential installation of large-scale mining projects, mainly metalliferous, stand out for their quantity and productivity. This paper is expected to advance in the characterization of these conflictive processes, based on the analysis of one of the last conflicts generated in Argentina, in the Loncopue locality, Neuquen province, where a Chinese company tried to carry out a mining exploration in Mapuche’s territory. Through an ethnographic work with the communities affected by the conflict, the research has how central objective to give account of the heterogeneous network of relationships that gave rise to the mining project rejection, which was materialized in the realization of a “referendum” (popular consultation). In less proportion, it also seeks to investigate the strategies that Chinese companies deploy in the territory to carry out their investments. This work shows that these conflicts push social changes in small communities. These changes impact on the environmental institutionality and indigenous communities rights.
{"title":"Propuestas de inversiones chinas en territorio mapuche: Resistencias a la minería metalífera en Loncopué","authors":"L. Wagner","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0028","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa existencia de conflictos socioambientales en Argentina ha ganado creciente visibilidad en la opinion publica y en los medios de comunicacion. Aquellos conflictos suscitados por la potencial instalacion de proyectos mineros a gran escala, principalmente metaliferos, se destacan por su cantidad y productividad. Este articulo pretende avanzar en la caracterizacion de estos procesos conflictivos, a partir del analisis de uno de los ultimos conflictos generados en Argentina, en la localidad de Loncopue, provincia de Neuquen, donde una empresa de capitales chinos intento llevar adelante una exploracion minera en territorio mapuche. A traves de un trabajo etnografico con las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto, la investigacion tiene como objetivo central dar cuenta de la heterogenea trama de relaciones que dieron lugar al rechazo al proyecto minero, que se materializo en la realizacion de un referendum (consulta popular). Se busca tambien, en menor proporcion, indagar en las estrategias que las empresas chinas despliegan en el territorio para llevar adelante sus inversiones. La investigacion demuestra que estos conflictos empujan cambios sociales en pequenas comunidades que impactan en la institucionalidad en materia ambiental y de derechos de las comunidades indigenas. EnglishThe existence of socio-environmental conflicts in Argentina has gained increasing visibility in public opinion and in the media. Those conflicts caused by the potential installation of large-scale mining projects, mainly metalliferous, stand out for their quantity and productivity. This paper is expected to advance in the characterization of these conflictive processes, based on the analysis of one of the last conflicts generated in Argentina, in the Loncopue locality, Neuquen province, where a Chinese company tried to carry out a mining exploration in Mapuche’s territory. Through an ethnographic work with the communities affected by the conflict, the research has how central objective to give account of the heterogeneous network of relationships that gave rise to the mining project rejection, which was materialized in the realization of a “referendum” (popular consultation). In less proportion, it also seeks to investigate the strategies that Chinese companies deploy in the territory to carry out their investments. This work shows that these conflicts push social changes in small communities. These changes impact on the environmental institutionality and indigenous communities rights.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"25 1","pages":"315-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73573439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0029
Carolina Domínguez Guzmán
In the Motupe valley on the north coast of Peru, the cultivation of mango for export is in the hands of smallholders, many of whom cultivate on communal lands without water rights or official approval to grow perennial crops. In this article I present the case of the smallholders, known as excedentes de agua, who only have access to irrigate in time of abundance or excess water. Although these small farmers are considered displaced by modern agro-export, they and their mango plantations have managed to put down roots in a desert climate and adverse market sector. They challenge in this way, not only such conditions for doing agriculture, but also how to write about them and their water realities. It is this last point that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Inspired by actor-network theory, this article presents alternative ways to situate the partial ontologies that emerge from the case study as a point of interference – to converse or interchange with the grand narratives and their holistic aspirations, without having to add to them.
在秘鲁北部海岸的Motupe山谷，用于出口的芒果的种植掌握在小农手中，他们中的许多人在公共土地上耕种，没有水权，也没有官方批准种植多年生作物。在这篇文章中，我介绍了被称为excedentes de agua的小农的情况，他们只有在水丰富或过剩的时候才能获得灌溉。尽管这些小农被认为因现代农业出口而流离失所，但他们和他们的芒果种植园已设法在沙漠气候和不利的市场部门扎根。他们以这种方式挑战的，不仅是从事农业的条件，还有如何写这些条件和他们的水现实。正是这最后一点构成了本书的主要贡献。受行动者网络理论的启发，本文提出了另一种方法，将案例研究中出现的部分本体论定位为一个干扰点——与宏大叙事及其整体愿望进行对话或交换，而不必增加它们。
{"title":"Grandes narrativas, pequeños agricultores: Explorando desbordes académicos en el caso de los excedentes de agua en el valle de Motupe, Perú","authors":"Carolina Domínguez Guzmán","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0029","url":null,"abstract":"In the Motupe valley on the north coast of Peru, the cultivation of mango for export is in the hands of smallholders, many of whom cultivate on communal lands without water rights or official approval to grow perennial crops. In this article I present the case of the smallholders, known as excedentes de agua, who only have access to irrigate in time of abundance or excess water. Although these small farmers are considered displaced by modern agro-export, they and their mango plantations have managed to put down roots in a desert climate and adverse market sector. They challenge in this way, not only such conditions for doing agriculture, but also how to write about them and their water realities. It is this last point that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Inspired by actor-network theory, this article presents alternative ways to situate the partial ontologies that emerge from the case study as a point of interference – to converse or interchange with the grand narratives and their holistic aspirations, without having to add to them.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"21 1","pages":"365-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86285535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0027
Leonardo Piña Cabrera
espanolSobre la base de diversos materiales testimoniales y fotograficos producidos a partir de la entrevista en profundidad y fotografia participativa, este articulo se pregunta por la situacion de calle como una otra forma de habitar la ciudad por parte de un grupo de personas que las usan para vivir en Montevideo y Paysandu, en Uruguay, y Arica y Santiago, en Chile. Parte de una investigacion mayor, propone como posibilidad un modo de habitar relacional, problematizandose acerca del impacto que la perspectivade la desafiliacion y el punto de vista domiciliado tienen en la invisibilizacion de este habitar, si bien material en su manifestacion, fundamentalmente jugado en su significacion. EnglishOn the basis of several testimonial and photographic materials produced by indepth interview and photovoice, this article asks about of the homelessness as another way of inhabiting the city by a group of homeless people who use the streets to live in Montevideo and Paysandu, in Uruguay, and Arica and Santiago, in Chile. Part of a larger research, proposes as a possibility a way to inhabit relational, problematizing about the impact that the perspective of the disaffiliation and the viewpoint of domicile have on the invisibility of this dwelling, although material in its manifestation, fundamentally played in its significance.
espanolSobre各种testimoniales材料和fotograficos基地生产的深入采访和参与性的一张照片,这篇问起情况随便就像是另一种居住城市的一群人用来生活在蒙得维的亚Paysandu,乌拉圭和阿里卡,在智利圣地亚哥。更大的一项调查的一部分,提议为problematizandose生活方式关系可能影响有关perspectivade desafiliacion和居住在有invisibilizacion的观点这生活,尽管在其游行主要是输在significacion材料。EnglishOn根据若干证人和摄影材料生产的by indepth选定and photovoice, this无家可归》asks about as another way of inhabiting the city by a group of切实people who use the街道to live in乌拉圭蒙得维的亚and Paysandu, in, and阿里卡和圣地亚哥,智利。作为一项更大的研究的一部分，提出了一种可能的方式来剥夺关系，质疑分离的观点和居住的观点对这种居住的隐形性所产生的影响，尽管其表现形式中的物质基本上发挥了其意义。
{"title":"‘Así ocupo un lugar’. Situación de calle y las otras formas de habitar la ciudad en Chile y Uruguay","authors":"Leonardo Piña Cabrera","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0027","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSobre la base de diversos materiales testimoniales y fotograficos producidos a partir de la entrevista en profundidad y fotografia participativa, este articulo se pregunta por la situacion de calle como una otra forma de habitar la ciudad por parte de un grupo de personas que las usan para vivir en Montevideo y Paysandu, en Uruguay, y Arica y Santiago, en Chile. Parte de una investigacion mayor, propone como posibilidad un modo de habitar relacional, problematizandose acerca del impacto que la perspectivade la desafiliacion y el punto de vista domiciliado tienen en la invisibilizacion de este habitar, si bien material en su manifestacion, fundamentalmente jugado en su significacion. EnglishOn the basis of several testimonial and photographic materials produced by indepth interview and photovoice, this article asks about of the homelessness as another way of inhabiting the city by a group of homeless people who use the streets to live in Montevideo and Paysandu, in Uruguay, and Arica and Santiago, in Chile. Part of a larger research, proposes as a possibility a way to inhabit relational, problematizing about the impact that the perspective of the disaffiliation and the viewpoint of domicile have on the invisibility of this dwelling, although material in its manifestation, fundamentally played in its significance.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"48 1","pages":"105-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0026
B. Bustos, J. Delano, M. Prieto
This paper uses the case of the installation of the salmon industry in the Los Lagos region, to review the relationship between territorial commoditization and identity. In this work we identify the processes through which the materiality of the salmon could alter or trigger transformations in the local identity. From a review and discussion of the literature on neoliberalism as forms of production of citizenship and subjectivity, with special emphasis on that exploring the Latin American case, but also the literature from political ecology on commoditization of nature, we answer the following question: what strategies have been generated among local actors for facing effect on their identities of the arrival and production of the salmon commodity? We argue from political ecology and related approaches, the thesis that the commoditization of nature and territory not only implies the control or co-production of the environment but is also interwoven with processes of identity and citizenship formation. In other words, certain forms of identities are articulated through the management and control of nature and territory, which in turn influence said management.
{"title":"“Chilote tipo salmón”. Relaciones entre comodificación de la naturaleza y procesos de producción identitaria El caso de la región de Los Lagos y la industria salmonera","authors":"B. Bustos, J. Delano, M. Prieto","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the case of the installation of the salmon industry in the Los Lagos region, to review the relationship between territorial commoditization and identity. In this work we identify the processes through which the materiality of the salmon could alter or trigger transformations in the local identity. From a review and discussion of the literature on neoliberalism as forms of production of citizenship and subjectivity, with special emphasis on that exploring the Latin American case, but also the literature from political ecology on commoditization of nature, we answer the following question: what strategies have been generated among local actors for facing effect on their identities of the arrival and production of the salmon commodity? We argue from political ecology and related approaches, the thesis that the commoditization of nature and territory not only implies the control or co-production of the environment but is also interwoven with processes of identity and citizenship formation. In other words, certain forms of identities are articulated through the management and control of nature and territory, which in turn influence said management.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"27 1","pages":"383-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91188142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0055
Sebastián Ureta, Andrés Contreras
En noviembre de 2013, ocurrió un gran hundimiento de terreno cerca de Tierra Amarilla, una ciudad minera del norte de Chile. Este evento causó alarma inmediata entre la población local, debido a la posibilidad de nuevos hundimientos directamente bajo sus casas. Para abordar esta inquietud, compañías mineras locales establecieron una mesa de trabajo con representantes de la comunidad, autoridades y expertos en minería. Al centro del trabajo de esta mesa estuvo la difícil convivencia entre dos ontologías contrastantes respecto al subsuelo minero de la zona, una asociada con riesgos y ruinas, la otra con transparencia y control. Usando herramientas conceptuales de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología (CTS), en el presente artículo esta mesa de trabajo será analizada como un proceso enfocado en transformar esta primera ontología meramente en una creencia errónea, un “mito” derivado de la ignorancia de la población local. Pese a que esta mesa ha sido celebrada como la aplicación perfecta de los principios de responsabilidad social en el sector minero, este artículo concluye que tal éxito es solamente un ejercicio de equivocación que poco ha hecho por lidiar con las inquietudes iniciales de la población de Tierra Amarilla.
{"title":"“…y nos vamos a ir toditos para abajo”. Ontologías subterráneas en conflicto en Tierra Amarilla","authors":"Sebastián Ureta, Andrés Contreras","doi":"10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2020-0055","url":null,"abstract":"En noviembre de 2013, ocurrió un gran hundimiento de terreno cerca de Tierra Amarilla, una ciudad minera del norte de Chile. Este evento causó alarma inmediata entre la población local, debido a la posibilidad de nuevos hundimientos directamente bajo sus casas. Para abordar esta inquietud, compañías mineras locales establecieron una mesa de trabajo con representantes de la comunidad, autoridades y expertos en minería. Al centro del trabajo de esta mesa estuvo la difícil convivencia entre dos ontologías contrastantes respecto al subsuelo minero de la zona, una asociada con riesgos y ruinas, la otra con transparencia y control. Usando herramientas conceptuales de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología (CTS), en el presente artículo esta mesa de trabajo será analizada como un proceso enfocado en transformar esta primera ontología meramente en una creencia errónea, un “mito” derivado de la ignorancia de la población local. Pese a que esta mesa ha sido celebrada como la aplicación perfecta de los principios de responsabilidad social en el sector minero, este artículo concluye que tal éxito es solamente un ejercicio de equivocación que poco ha hecho por lidiar con las inquietudes iniciales de la población de Tierra Amarilla.","PeriodicalId":45736,"journal":{"name":"Estudios Atacamenos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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