European Research on Management and Business Economics最新文献

Moral hazard in an organization occurs when people make decisions and take a high risk for their own benefit, given that they would not have to bear all the negative ensuing consequences should they occur. This risk transferred to third parties is generally due to the catalysts that foster this risk, namely, information asymmetries, power, trust and temporality. The contribution of our research lies in the inclusion of moral decisions in project management, thus demonstrating the feasibility of a Moral Compliance Model (MCM). This model is a complement to legal compliance and allows a connection to be established between Risk Management, Governance & Compliance. In 2019, experimental action research, combined with a Plan-Do-Check-Action applied to a company, were used to perform the analysis. The findings show that implementing this moral model in organisations is possible. However, what moral hazard is needs to be shown, along with identifying moral hazard situations and planning how to introduce moral hazard into the risk management model in order to reduce its negative effect or, ideally, eliminate it. We provide an overview of risks, including those around moral dilemma decisions; moral hazard situations that will expand compliance to integrated compliance in which not only legal, but also moral aspects are identified and assessed. Incorporating ethical dilemmas in strategic decisions is a robust advance towards responsible businesses.

Innovation plays a vital role in the internationalization process of international new ventures (INVs). However, to date, there are insufficient empirical studies exploring the innovation decisions that enable these firms to grow once the internationalization process has started. In response to this research gap, this paper examines the impacts of the technological pattern adopted at the initial foreign entry and the decisions to improve it afterward. In general, while the original technological patterns contributed to the immediate growth of INVs (that is, 1 year after the market entry), the results of this study reveal that the changes that occurred in the patterns have more significance on the post-entry growth (that is, 4 years after the market entry). Therefore, this study is supported by earlier works that emphasize the role of innovation as a stimulus for internal change as well as resource adaptation as a means of achieving sustainable growth in the international markets.

Several research attempts contributed to the literature related to lifestyle market segmentation mainly aimed to define lifestyle segments on a given product/service market in a positivist perspective. However, there is a lack of research interest on a normative perspective, questioning lifestyle segmentation effectiveness to have a guidance for brands regarding how it impacts brand purchase intention in different product types and consumer groups in comparison to brand perceived value. Therefore, this research purposes to define a formulation understanding the impact of lifestyle segmentation on purchase intention in relation to brand perceived value. After defining lifestyle segments of four different product category consumers using an AIO scale approach; the relationships through lifestyle, brand value perception and purchase intention were analysed empirically by using multiple analysis methods for selected product categories. As a result, the lifestyle segmentation couldn't be defined as the main and direct driver of brand purchase intention while consumer's perceived values which are affected by lifestyle significantly impact the purchase intention and this value mapping varies across product categories.

We analyze whether eco-innovation has a positive or negative influence on the business performance of companies and, through the complementarity approach, whether the joint implementation of R&D subsidy and R&D cooperation increases or decreases the sum of their respective individual impacts on the business performance. If the joint implementation is substitutive, business performance will be lower than potentially possible, so granting R&D subsidies under the condition of establishing R&D cooperation would not be an adequate policy to promote eco-innovation. The analyses were performed using data from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) of 2013 for Spanish manufacturing companies. Our findings indicate that an eco-innovation-oriented strategy positively affects the labor productivity of companies and that receiving public aid as a consequence of establishing R&D cooperation agreements has a lower effect on labor productivity (non-eco-innovative companies), or the same effect (eco-innovative companies), compared to the sum of the individual impacts of R&D cooperation and R&D subsidy. Consequently, in non-eco-innovative companies the use of subsidized R&D cooperation is inadvisable, while their use in eco-innovative companies is neutral.

This study examines how the degree of fit between the brand extension and the parent brand, in the case of heritage sites, affects the extension's brand equity-formation, considering the mediating role of brand attitude and brand credibility and the moderating role of the tourist's level of experience of the parent heritage brand. An experimental design is applied, in which two different levels of fit between the parent heritage brand and the brand extension are controlled between subjects. Suggestions are provided for effective ways of enhancing heritage brand equity and therefore contributing to destination promotion and competitiveness.

Unstable fluctuations in financial markets caused by the 2008 financial crisis and currently by the Covid-19 crisis have generated greater concern among investors regarding their capital protection. In view of this situation, the consideration of alternative investments has taken a relevant position to protect their wealth and obtain profits. Due to the relevance of these investments in these times, this study proposes using artificial intelligence to predict the value of alternative investments, specifically the numismatic asset the Walking Liberty Half Dollar. To achieve this objective, the use of Generalized Regression Neural Networks has been proposed over a sample 25 coins of the Walking Liberty Half Dollar with several qualities valued in the period 2000-2019. Two models were proposed, one for the entire selected sample and the other one for each type of coin depending on its year of minting. Thus, it has been found that the model proposed for the entire sample has a success rate of between 86.12% and 97% while the approach for each type of coin obtained success rates that even reach 100%. The variables that have the greatest influence within the model are the state of conservation of the coin, its age, and its exclusivity. In this way, these results provide fundamental information to investors to understand the behaviour of these assets, and to be able to formulate more profitable investment portfolios, especially in times of great economic instability.

As the world is fighting against the continuous spread of the COVID-Sars-2 virus and the consequences the pandemic has brought about on economic, political and societal levels, the emergence of the vaccination programs seems to be the biggest hope for a quick return to, popularly called, the “new normal”.

As it is not feasible to vaccinate at the same time the whole population, the states, provinces and cities had arranged – though, admittedly, taking into consideration limited numbers of criteria - homogenous groups of citizens, who, labelled as “risk groups”, have been chosen as those who will be receiving the vaccination before others, adding to the already existing feelings of chaos and shortage.

We want to address the issue that despite the access to the expertise and knowledge of intradisciplinary committees, we still do not have a satisfactory answer regarding the further steps for the vaccination programs. We believe it is due to the persistence of the binary way of reasoning, with its tendency to overlook the complexity of the issue and emphasize objectivity while neglecting the subjective factors that cannot be easily quantified.

For that very reason, we propose the application of the theories of uncertainty with the support of the fuzzy subset theory, which will result in the creation of the humanist algorithms of clustering of populations, allotment of different kinds of vaccine for diverse persons in the groups and, finally, ranking for the priority of vaccination. This approach will allow designing a vaccination model to that will allow to maintain, to the highest possible level, the principles of ethics, morale and solidarity, and efficiency and effectiveness.

The COVID-19 outbreak changed dramatically and altered the attitudes, intentions and purchasing patterns of consumers. This global crisis was particularly notable because of globalization—the interconnection of markets and countries—and its unprecedented coverage by traditional and digital media.

This research queried the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on consumers’ motivation and behavior. The present paper was based on the results of mixed methods —qualitative and quantitative analyses—conducted in more than 55 countries and collectively engaging 1,015 participants. The studies were performed by the end of March 2020, at which time the pandemic was at its first peak, allowing data to be collected in real time, recording the actual behaviors of consumers and not simply what they could recall after the fact.

As a result of the COVID-19 crisis, many changes took place in consumer behavior related to products, channels, and motivations. These changes proved to be more related to consumers’ perceptions of the crisis than to its practical effects. Several managerial and theoretical implications are provided, as well as compelling future research avenues.

The emergence of Covid-19 has affected all aspects of human life across the globe. Lockdowns everywhere are having dramatic social and economic consequences. No therapy has yet been approved, and vaccines are a priority potential tool to control the pandemic and its impacts. Multiple vaccines are in the last stage of the development process, but part of the population is not willing to get vaccinated for Covid-19. Several studies have examined the percentage of the population willing to get vaccinated, but few have analyzed the reasons for their decision. In this context, researching the factors influencing individuals’ intention to use a potential Covid-19 vaccine will be important to public health strategies. This paper analyzes these factors with an adapted Cognitive-Affective-Normative (CAN) model. Perceived vaccine efficacy is used as a cognitive variable, fear of the vaccine and fear of Covid-19 are used as affective variables, and social influence is used as the normative variable. The proposed model strongly explains the intention to use the Covid-19 vaccine (R2 = 0.81). The results show that vaccine efficacy will be the most important determinant of Covid-19 vaccine acceptance, followed by social influence. The findings can be very helpful for public health policies aimed at achieving widespread vaccination, a must for vaccine success.

Drawing on the literature on organizational change, technological change, and inertia, this paper explores how the moment that companies choose to initiate a technological change relative to other companies from the same regional and industrial context influences the company's performance. In particular, we test the excess inertia and excess momentum phenomena that refer to timely and untimely technological shifts in companies. A data set comprising about 1000 of the largest Russian companies, affiliated with 19 industries, located in most of the Russian regions, for 10 years starting from 2008, is used. Applying a multi-level approach of hierarchical linear modeling, we estimated the region environment effect and the industry effect on sales and productivity. The use of moderation effects of the correspondent technology adoption with the average lag or lead from the representative company in the industry or region, could help us demonstrate what digital technologies are probably associated with the excess inertia and the excess momentum phenomena on the industry and regional level. The results reveal that the industry effect is a major determinant of firm productivity, whereas sales are mainly influenced by the region effect. Our investigation also found that companies are more likely to exhibit excess inertia rather than excess momentum.