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Organizational scandal on social media: Workers whistleblowing on YouTube and Facebook 社交媒体上的组织丑闻:员工在YouTube和Facebook上的举报
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2022.100390
Tamar Lazar

The paper explores the emergence of organizational scandals on social media, and how the communicative dynamics of such scandals evolve as a social drama. I propose that when whistleblowers utilize information technologies to expose evidence of organizational misconduct, they, and their audiences, engage in meta- organizational discourse: The reflexive – immediate and durational – interactions through which organizational stakeholders instigate organizational scandals on social media, negotiate the normative boundaries of whistleblowing, and (de)legitimize the act of disclosing managerial transgressions online. I examine an organizational scandal embedded in the recent wave of workers’ unionization struggles in Israel in which whistleblowers performed the role of investigative journalists by posting a video on YouTube exposing a senior manager trying to dissuade workers from joining the union. Following that, on workers’ unionization Facebook pages, union supporters and opponents vigorously deliberated the intentions and consequences of publicly shaming their manager and damaging the reputation of their company. Analyzing workers’ discourse suggests that participants from both sides experienced the scandal as something that affected all company employees. They acknowledged the high visibility of their social drama and recognized the potential impact of whistleblowing online across organizational spatial and temporal boundaries.

本文探讨了社交媒体上组织丑闻的出现,以及这些丑闻的传播动态如何演变为社会戏剧。我建议,当举报人利用信息技术揭露组织不当行为的证据时,他们和他们的受众参与了元组织话语:组织利益相关者通过这种反身性——即时和持续的——互动,在社交媒体上煽动组织丑闻,协商举报的规范界限,并使在线披露管理违规行为合法化。我研究了最近以色列工人工会化斗争浪潮中的一个组织丑闻,在这个丑闻中,举报人扮演了调查记者的角色,在YouTube上发布了一段视频,揭露了一名高级经理试图劝阻工人加入工会。随后,在工人工会的Facebook页面上,工会的支持者和反对者都在积极讨论公开羞辱经理和损害公司声誉的意图和后果。分析工人的话语表明,双方的参与者都将丑闻视为影响到所有公司员工的事情。他们承认他们的社会戏剧的高度可见性,并认识到在线举报跨越组织空间和时间界限的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 3
Figuring out IT markets: How and why industry analysts launch, adjust and abandon categories 计算IT市场:行业分析师如何以及为什么推出、调整和放弃类别
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2022.100389
Neil Pollock, Robin Williams, Luciana D'Adderio

Despite being a source of significant change, there has been little focus on how and why industry analysts constantly launch, adjust and abandon market-defining categories. To address this issue, we investigate the Big Three industry analyst firms and find that they promote categories clients find valuable and adjust or abandon those no longer attracting attention. Bringing together insights from information systems research and category scholarship, we show that industry analysts ensure their expertise is seen as relevant to clients through material and visual processes theorised as category-work, figuring-work, and client-mapping, which together create client-induced categories’. This novel theorisation throws light on the processes market intermediaries use to align categories with client concerns and how incorporating categories in graphical figurations can intensify the cycle of category creation and abandonment. It also enhances understanding of the dynamics surrounding transitory terminologies and opens up new research opportunities for studying IT markets.

尽管这是重大变革的源泉,但很少有人关注行业分析师如何以及为何不断推出、调整和放弃定义市场的类别。为了解决这个问题,我们调查了三大行业分析公司,发现他们推广客户认为有价值的类别,并调整或放弃那些不再吸引客户注意的类别。汇集了信息系统研究和类别研究的见解,我们表明,行业分析师确保他们的专业知识通过材料和视觉过程被视为与客户相关,这些过程被理论化为类别工作、图形工作和客户映射,这些过程共同创建了客户诱导的类别。这一新颖的理论揭示了市场中介机构用来使类别与客户关注的问题保持一致的过程,以及如何将类别纳入图形图形可以加强类别创建和放弃的循环。它还增强了对围绕临时术语的动态的理解,并为研究It市场开辟了新的研究机会。
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引用次数: 0
Crowdworkers, social affirmation and work identity: Rethinking dominant assumptions of crowdwork1 众工、社会肯定与工作认同:对众工主流假设的再思考
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100335
Ayomikun Idowu , Amany Elbanna

Crowdwork is becoming increasingly popular as evidenced by its rapid growth. It is a new way of working that is conducted through global digital platforms where money is exchanged for services provided online. As it is digitally grounded, it has been assumed to be context-free, uniform and consisting of a simple exchange of tasks/labour from a global workforce for direct monetary pay. In this study, we examine these dominant, largely Western assumptions from crowdworkers' perspective and turn to a non-Western context to destabilise them. We adopt an inductive research approach using multiple sources of qualitative data including interviews, participant observations, documents review, observation of social media chat rooms and online forums. The study reveals that as they lack organisational, occupational and professional context and referent, crowdworkers rely on social affirmation in the construction of their work identity. They construct a work identity of who they are that cuts across the boundaries between themselves, the digital work they do and their social environment. This constructed work identity then frames how they do crowdwork and their relationships with digital platforms and employers. This study advances theories about crowdwork contesting the dominant assumptions and showing that it is not context free, neither it is a simple exchange of labour. Further, it shows that the construction of a crowdwork identity in context plays a significant role in shaping the way this digitally-grounded work is conducted and managed.

众筹正变得越来越受欢迎,这可以从它的快速增长中得到证明。这是一种新的工作方式,通过全球数字平台进行,在那里金钱可以交换在线提供的服务。由于它是以数字为基础的,它被认为是与环境无关的、统一的,由来自全球劳动力的任务/劳动力的简单交换组成,以获得直接的货币报酬。在本研究中,我们从众包工作者的角度审视这些占主导地位的、主要是西方的假设,并转向非西方背景来动摇它们。我们采用归纳研究方法,使用多种来源的定性数据,包括访谈、参与者观察、文件审查、社交媒体聊天室和在线论坛的观察。研究发现,由于缺乏组织、职业和专业背景和参照,众包工作者在构建工作身份时依赖于社会的肯定。他们构建了一种工作身份,这种身份跨越了他们自己、他们所做的数字工作和他们的社会环境之间的界限。然后,这种构建的工作身份框架了他们如何进行众筹,以及他们与数字平台和雇主的关系。这项研究提出了关于众包的理论,对主流假设提出了质疑,并表明它不是与环境无关的,也不是简单的劳动交换。此外,它还表明,在环境中构建众包身份在塑造这种以数字为基础的工作的开展和管理方式方面发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 10
Distributed seeing: Algorithms and the reconfiguration of the workplace, a case of 'automated' trading 分布式观察:算法和工作场所的重新配置,一个“自动化”交易的案例
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100376
Thijs Willems , Ella Hafermalz

Contemporary organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies structuring how work gets done. Algorithms in particular are fundamental for such technologies. Management literature on digital transformation has studied how algorithms either automate or augment work. In doing so, this literature treats algorithms as largely independent from existing work practices. This paper, on the contrary, theorizes and empirically illustrates how algorithms transform the workplace in a spatiotemporal sense by introducing a new epistemic vantage point through which work is understood. We do so by drawing on previous work on reconfiguration and ‘Ways of Seeing’, and through a qualitative case study on sports trading. Our analysis shows that traders and algorithms each perceive and see the market in specific, though incomplete ways. Since this market is partly virtual and constituted via a range of heterogeneous actors, ‘seeing’ the market entails knowing its distributed nature and pulling spatiotemporal distant elements together. Our paper contributes to the literature on the effects of algorithms on work by putting forward the conceptual lens of ‘distributed seeing’. This highlights that digital transformation is more than an instrumental optimization process by automating or augmenting tasks with technology but that it actively reconfigures the work to be done. We show that digital transformation 1) is reciprocal and thus irreversible; 2) patchworked and thus requires mending work; 3) introduces new organizational vulnerabilities.

当代组织越来越依赖数字技术来构建工作完成方式。算法是这些技术的基础。关于数字化转型的管理文献研究了算法如何使工作自动化或增强工作。在这样做的过程中,这篇文献将算法视为在很大程度上独立于现有的工作实践。相反,本文通过引入一种新的认知优势点来理解工作,从理论上和经验上说明了算法如何在时空意义上改变工作场所。我们通过借鉴先前关于重构和“观察方式”的工作,并通过对体育交易的定性案例研究来做到这一点。我们的分析表明,交易者和算法都以特定的、尽管不完整的方式感知和观察市场。由于这个市场部分是虚拟的,由一系列不同的参与者组成,“看到”市场需要了解其分布性质,并将时空遥远的元素拉到一起。我们的论文通过提出“分布式视觉”的概念透镜,为算法对工作的影响的文献做出了贡献。这突出表明,数字化转型不仅仅是通过技术自动化或增加任务的工具性优化过程,而是积极地重新配置要完成的工作。我们表明数字转换1)是相互的,因此是不可逆的;2)被修补过,需要修补的;3)引入新的组织漏洞。
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引用次数: 2
The re-regulation of working communities and relationships in the context of flexwork: A spacing identity approach 弹性工作制背景下工作社区和关系的再调节:间隔身份方法
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100364
Michel Ajzen, Laurent Taskin

Existing studies on flexwork stress its individualizing inclination by showing how it gives autonomy to employees, boosts individual productivity, or supports personal well-being at the expense of group cohesiveness, social ties and other characteristics of the “collective” in organizations. Obviously, flexwork both continues and contributes to an individualization process of working activities and relationships. But, how exactly does flexwork re-regulate working relationships and communities? Is the “collective” irremediably damaged and doomed to disappear? Building on a case study conducted in an insurance company having implemented flexwork, we observe invisibilized employees working from diverse premises (e.g., home, office, etc.) initiating alternative ways of staying united and close. This article shows the re-regulation of these working relationships and communities' through a collective identity process involving de/re-spacing identity; i.e., the spatial and material aspects of flexible work in relation to identity.

现有的关于弹性工作制的研究强调了它的个性化倾向,展示了弹性工作制如何赋予员工自主权,提高个人生产力,或者以牺牲团体凝聚力、社会关系和组织中“集体”的其他特征为代价来支持个人福祉。显然,弹性工作制既延续了工作活动和人际关系的个性化过程,也有助于实现这一过程。但是,弹性工作制究竟是如何重新规范工作关系和社区的呢?“集体”是否受到不可挽回的破坏,注定要消失?基于在一家实施弹性工作制的保险公司进行的案例研究,我们观察到隐形员工在不同的场所(例如,家庭,办公室等)工作,采取不同的方式保持团结和亲密。本文通过涉及de/re-spacing身份的集体认同过程,展示了这些工作关系和社区的再调节;即弹性工作的空间和物质方面与身份的关系。
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引用次数: 12
New ways of working (NWW): Workplace transformation in the digital age 新工作方式(NWW):数字化时代的工作场所转型
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100378
Jeremy Aroles , Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic , Karen Dale , Sytze F. Kingma , Nathalie Mitev

In the introductory paper of this special issue on new ways of working (NWW) the editors first reflect on the meaning of the ‘new’, finding inspiration in Hannes Meyer's essay “The New World” (1926). The ‘new’ is always relative, of course, closely associated with technological innovation, in our case digitalization, and integrates spatiotemporal, technological and socio-cultural dimensions of life and organizing. This SI seeks to offer a reflection on and contribution to deeper understanding of ongoing flexibilization, virtualization and mediation of work practices. The authors go on to contextualize and discuss the contributions of the papers included in this special issue, focussing on significant technological, spatiotemporal, organizational and individual developments associated with new ways of working. Finally, they reflect on the possible relevance of the recent Covid-19 pandemic for the future of work, arguing that this pandemic accelerated NWW in many ways and – given the many paradoxical NWW dynamics and developments – that there could very well be unexpected and adverse consequences, including a turn away from formal ways of working.

在这期关于新工作方式(NWW)的特刊的导论中,编辑们首先反思了“新”的含义,从汉内斯·迈耶的文章“新世界”(1926)中找到了灵感。当然,“新”总是相对的,与技术创新密切相关,在我们的案例中是数字化,并整合了生活和组织的时空、技术和社会文化维度。本SI旨在提供对正在进行的工作实践的灵活性、虚拟化和中介的更深层次理解的反思和贡献。作者们继续对本期特刊中所包含的论文的贡献进行了背景化和讨论,重点关注与新工作方式相关的重大技术、时空、组织和个人发展。最后,他们思考了最近的2019冠状病毒病大流行与未来工作的可能相关性,认为这场大流行在许多方面加速了NWW的发展,鉴于NWW的许多矛盾动态和发展,很可能会产生意想不到的不利后果,包括偏离正式的工作方式。
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引用次数: 12
The (re-)configuration of digital work in the wake of profound technological innovation: Constellations and hidden work 深度技术创新后的数字工作(重新)配置:星座和隐藏工作
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100377
Stefan Klein , Mary Beth Watson-Manheim

This paper explores the technology-induced transformation of work by examining two fields, robotic surgery and teaching from home via Zoom. We begin by examining the perspectives of individual surgeons and lecturers and the relational, organizational, and institutional settings in which they are embedded. Recognizing and emphasizing the idiosyncrasies of these cases, we develop theoretical lenses that allow us to identify the dynamics of the transformation and patterns in reconfiguration work.

To investigate these illustrative cases of digital work and their implications, we employ two conceptual frames, 1) configuration work (Suchman, 2012), specifically emergent configurations of digital-human work, and 2) orders of change (Bartunek & Moch, 1987), emphasizing the role and development of frameworks in making sense of organizational change.

We thus combine multi-faceted accounts of individuals' experiences of “figuring out” how to make digital work feasible with reflections on how the transformation of work affects the identities of individuals, organizations, and institutions. We propose that this transformation affects the ways in which we think about ourselves, our colleagues and employers, and the institutions that shape our work.

本文通过对机器人手术和Zoom在家教学两个领域的考察,探讨了技术引发的工作转型。我们首先检查个体外科医生和讲师的观点,以及他们所处的关系、组织和机构设置。认识到并强调这些案例的特殊性,我们开发了理论镜头,使我们能够识别转型的动态和重构工作中的模式。为了研究这些数字工作的说明性案例及其含义,我们采用了两个概念框架,1)配置工作(Suchman, 2012),特别是数字人类工作的紧急配置,以及2)变化顺序(Bartunek &Moch, 1987),强调框架在理解组织变革中的作用和发展。因此,我们将个人“弄清楚”如何使数字化工作可行的经验的多方面描述与对工作转型如何影响个人、组织和机构身份的思考结合起来。我们认为,这种转变会影响我们看待自己、同事和雇主以及塑造我们工作的机构的方式。
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引用次数: 8
From sites to vibes: Technology and the spatial production of coworking spaces 从场地到共鸣:技术和共同工作空间的空间生产
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100353
Nada Endrissat , Aurélie Leclercq-Vandelannoitte

Mobile and network technologies enable new ways of working (NWW) that disrupt spatial relations and move work to spaces outside formal organizational boundaries. This article addresses this shift by examining the spatial consequences of everyday practices of technology in the context of coworking spaces (CWS) as a pronounced example of where NWW take place. Conceptually, this article links research on technology as a sociomaterial practice with literature on organizational space. Empirically, it draws from a qualitative study of 25 CWS and offers a theorization of the co-constitutive processes with relevant insights for both technology and organization studies. First, this article adds to research on the relational and dialectic nature of technology by documenting its implications in the constitution of CWS as site, contestation, and atmosphere. Second, it contributes to existing knowledge on space by shifting the focus from physical sites to spatial atmospheres and vibes that are produced through technology use and the copresence of others. It problematizes engagement with NWW by highlighting how the flexibility to work anytime, anywhere is tied to new responsibilities, including spacing work and spatial self-management, as workers are required to coproduce and aptly navigate the sites and vibes of NWW to achieve personal productivity and affective sociality.

移动和网络技术使新的工作方式(NWW)打破了空间关系,并将工作转移到正式组织边界之外的空间。本文通过研究共同工作空间(CWS)背景下日常技术实践的空间后果来解决这一转变,作为NWW发生的一个明显例子。在概念上,本文将技术作为一种社会物质实践的研究与组织空间的文献联系起来。在经验上,它借鉴了25个CWS的定性研究,并为技术和组织研究提供了一个具有相关见解的共构过程的理论化。首先,本文通过记录技术在CWS构成中的影响,如场地、争论和气氛,增加了对技术的关系和辩证性质的研究。其次,它通过将重点从物理地点转移到通过技术使用和其他人的存在产生的空间气氛和共鸣,从而有助于对空间的现有知识。它强调了随时随地工作的灵活性如何与新的责任联系在一起,包括间隔工作和空间自我管理,因为工人需要共同生产并适当地导航NWW的地点和氛围,以实现个人生产力和情感社交,从而使与NWW的接触成为问题。
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引用次数: 7
Engaging with uncertainty: Information practices in the context of disease surveillance in Burkina Faso 应对不确定性:布基纳法索疾病监测背景下的信息实践
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100366
Stine Loft Rasmussen, Sundeep Sahay

Uncertainty is inherent to outbreaks of infectious diseases; a topic of global concern. Addressing global outbreaks requires – among other things – well-functioning systems to produce information. The aim of the paper is to understand uncertainty in the context of information systems (IS) and to analyze the role of formal and informal information practices in identifying and responding to communicable diseases in the context of developing countries. Our empirical focus is on a dengue outbreak in 2016 in Burkina Faso- Dengue was then unknown in the context and formal “techne” based information systems were inadequate in dealing with it. Drawing on work defining uncertainty as a resource, we extend our practice-based theoretical lens with the concepts of “general and specific metis” to describe practices neither established formally or informally, but which evolve as the disease unfolds. While general metis represents practices based on the broader understanding of the context which the health staff have, specific metis relates to the particular practices they construct to acquire, share, and react on information as the disease unfolds. Our paper contributes primarily in foregrounding the role of uncertainty in information systems research and how this relates to formal, informal and emerging information practices.

传染病爆发所固有的不确定性;一个全球关注的话题。应对全球疫情,除其他外,需要运转良好的信息系统。这篇论文的目的是理解信息系统背景下的不确定性,并分析在发展中国家背景下正式和非正式的信息实践在识别和应对传染病方面的作用。我们的经验重点是2016年在布基纳法索爆发的登革热疫情——当时人们对登革热一无所知,基于“技术”的正式信息系统不足以应对登革热。根据将不确定性定义为一种资源的工作,我们将基于实践的理论视角扩展为“一般和特定metis”的概念,以描述既不是正式建立的也不是非正式建立的,而是随着疾病的发展而发展的实践。虽然一般梅蒂斯代表的是基于对卫生工作人员所拥有的背景的更广泛理解的做法,但具体梅蒂斯涉及他们在疾病发展时为获取、分享和对信息作出反应而构建的特定做法。我们的论文主要有助于在信息系统研究中的不确定性的作用,以及它如何与正式的,非正式的和新兴的信息实践。
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引用次数: 2
Overcoming resource challenges in peer-production communities through bricolage: The case of HomeNets 通过拼凑克服同侪生产社区的资源挑战:HomeNets的案例
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100365
Aljona Zorina

Peer-production communities can create great value and foster innovation for their members, even in situations where resources are extremely scarce. How these communities create or acquire necessary resources in such settings is an important theoretical and practical question. In this paper, I investigate how a peer-production community overcame substantial resource challenges, using the analytic lens of bricolage theory, in a longitudinal study of HomeNets, communities of residents that developed residential Internet infrastructures and services for a million users in Minsk, Belarus, without funds, material resources, knowledge, or formal legal status. The findings illustrate that communities develop their missing resources by engaging in multiple coexisting bricolage forms and processes, which help them to successfully incorporate the individual and collective resource building efforts of their participants and address the challenges specific to the continuously evolving community. Based on the findings, I propose a model of community resource development with bricolage, discuss theoretical and practical implications for studies on communities and bricolage, and suggest areas for further research.

对等生产社区可以为其成员创造巨大价值并促进创新,即使在资源极其稀缺的情况下也是如此。这些社区如何在这样的环境中创造或获得必要的资源是一个重要的理论和实践问题。在本文中,我研究了一个对等生产社区如何克服实质性的资源挑战,使用拼凑理论的分析视角,在HomeNets的纵向研究中,在没有资金,物质资源,知识或正式法律地位的情况下,为白俄罗斯明斯克的一百万用户开发住宅互联网基础设施和服务的居民社区。研究结果表明,社区通过参与多种共存的拼凑形式和过程来开发其缺失的资源,这有助于他们成功地将参与者的个人和集体资源建设努力结合起来,并解决不断发展的社区所面临的具体挑战。在此基础上,本文提出了一种具有拼凑性的社区资源开发模型,讨论了社区和拼凑性研究的理论和实践意义,并提出了进一步研究的领域。
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引用次数: 4
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