Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第8页

The importance of importance revisited: A special issue in honour of former Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry Editor-in-Chief, Adam S. Radomsky 重新审视重要性的重要性：前《行为治疗杂志》和《实验精神病学》主编Adam S.Radomsky的特刊

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101828

Andrea R. Ashbaugh, Allison J. Ouimet

引用次数: 1

A retrospective study of negative and positive post-event processing following stressful and pleasant social interactions 压力和愉快的社交互动后消极和积极的事件后处理的回顾性研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101795

Leanne Kane, Olivia Simioni, Andrea R. Ashbaugh

Background and objectives

Negative post-event processing (PEP) is a key maintenance factor of social anxiety, but little is known about the role positive PEP, particularly in relation to situations that are not perceived as stressful. The objective was to examine negative and positive PEP following stressful and pleasant social interactions. We were also interested in how participants remembered and described the interactions.

Methods

Young adults (n = 411) recalled a recent pleasant or stressful social interaction and indicated how much negative and positive PEP they engaged in since the interaction. They also completed questionnaires measuring social anxiety and the memory's phenomenological qualities and wrote a description of the interaction.

Results

Higher social anxiety was linked with more negative and less positive PEP, regardless of whether the interaction was perceived as stressful or pleasant. Participants reporting more negative PEP used more negative words in describing the interaction and their memory was more negative and emotionally intense. Those reporting more positive PEP used more positive and less negative words in their descriptions. For stressful interactions, positive PEP was related to a more positive memory; for pleasant ones, it was related to increased emotional intensity.

Limitations

Limitations included the sample type (restricted age range, non-clinical) and the retrospective, cross-sectional nature of the study.

Conclusions

Results provide insight into PEP following stressful and pleasant social interactions. We also found preliminary evidence that positive PEP may be helpful and protective. Future studies may benefit from longitudinal and mixed methods designs.

背景和目的负面事件后处理（PEP）是社交焦虑的一个关键维持因素，但人们对正面事件后处理的作用知之甚少，尤其是在不被认为有压力的情况下。目的是检查在压力和愉快的社交互动之后的消极和积极的政治公众人物。我们还对参与者如何记忆和描述互动感兴趣。方法411名年轻人回忆起最近一次愉快或紧张的社交互动，并指出自互动以来他们参与了多少消极和积极的政治公众人物。他们还完成了测量社交焦虑和记忆现象学品质的问卷调查，并对这种互动进行了描述。结果无论互动是紧张还是愉快，较高的社交焦虑与较多的消极和较少的积极政治公众人物有关。报告更多负面政治公众人物的参与者在描述互动时使用了更多负面词汇，他们的记忆更负面，情绪更强烈。那些报告政治公众人物更积极的人在描述中使用了更多积极而更少消极的词语。对于压力互动，积极的政治公众人物与更积极的记忆有关；对于愉快的人来说，这与情绪强度的增加有关。局限性局限性包括样本类型（受限制的年龄范围，非临床）和研究的回顾性、横断面性质。结论这些结果提供了对压力和愉快的社交互动后的政治公众人物的深入了解。我们还发现初步证据表明，阳性PEP可能有帮助和保护作用。未来的研究可能受益于纵向和混合方法设计。

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引用次数: 1

The relevance of dysfunctional reasoning to OCD and its treatment: Further evidence for inferential confusion utilizing a new task-based measure 功能失调推理与强迫症的相关性及其治疗：利用一种新的基于任务的测量方法进行推理困惑的进一步证据

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101728

Louis-Philippe Baraby , Lysandre Bourguignon , Frederick Aardema

Background and objectives

Previous research has highlighted the role of dysfunctional reasoning processes (i.e. “inferential confusion”) in the development and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Inferential confusion has previously been found to be a unique predictor of OC symptoms and has shown specificity for OCD. However, these findings have primarily relied on a single self-report questionnaire, and only a limited number of experimentations have been conducted to establish the specificity of inferential confusion to OCD with alternate measures. The current paper demonstrates the relationship of inferential confusion with OCD symptoms in clinical samples by using a task-based measure of inferential confusion.

Methods

Sixty-four OCD participants, as well as thirty anxious and thirty-four healthy controls completed the recently developed Dysfunctional Reasoning Processes Task (DRPT) and related measures. Thirty-five OCD participants then completed sixteen sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and completed the same measures post-treatment.

Results

As predicted, dysfunctional reasoning was significantly more elevated for those with OCD relative to control groups. Reduced levels of dysfunctional reasoning during CBT were significantly associated with successful treatment outcome.

Limitations

Clinical implications should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small sample size.

Conclusions

Our findings support the notion that inferential confusion is an important cognitive factor particularly relevant to OCD that needs to be directly addressed as a mechanism of change in CBT.

背景和目的以往的研究强调了功能失调的推理过程（即“推理混乱”）在强迫症（OCD）的发展和维持中的作用。推断性混淆先前被发现是强迫症症状的独特预测因素，并显示出强迫症的特异性。然而，这些发现主要依赖于单一的自我报告问卷，并且只有有限数量的实验通过替代措施来确定强迫症的推理困惑的特异性。目前的论文通过使用基于任务的推理困惑测量来证明临床样本中推理困惑与强迫症症状的关系。方法64名强迫症参与者、30名焦虑者和34名健康对照者完成了最近开发的功能障碍推理过程任务（DRPT）和相关措施。35名强迫症参与者随后完成了16次认知行为治疗（CBT），并在治疗后完成了相同的测量。结果正如预测的那样，与对照组相比，强迫症患者的功能失调推理明显更高。CBT期间功能失调推理水平的降低与成功的治疗结果显著相关。限制由于样本量相对较小，应谨慎解释临床影响。结论我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即推理混淆是一个重要的认知因素，与强迫症特别相关，需要直接作为CBT的一种变化机制来解决。

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引用次数: 2

A Dedication by Dr. Stanley Jack Rachman Stanley Jack Rachman博士的奉献

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101829

引用次数: 0

Let's play pretend: Towards effective modelling in experimental psycho(patho)logy 让我们假装：在实验心理学（病理学）中建立有效的模型

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101809

Yannick Boddez , Sara Scheveneels , Pieter Van Dessel

Background and objectives

Models are omnipresent in science. We introduce a novel framework to achieve more effective modelling practices in general psychology and experimental psychopathology.

Method

We analyze three types of models that are common in psychology: laboratory models, computational models, and cognitive models. We then evaluate two common ways to assess the translational value of models (phenomenological similarity and deep similarity) as well as an arguably underappreciated way (functional similarity). Functional similarity is based on an assessment of whether variables (e.g., the administration of a pharmacological substance) have a similar effect (a) in the model (e.g., in a fear conditioning procedure) and (b) on the real-life target phenomenon (e.g., on real-life anxiety complaints).

Conclusions

We argue that the assessment of functional similarity is a powerful tool to assess the translational value of models in the field of experimental psychopathology and beyond.

背景和目的模型在科学中无处不在。我们介绍了一个新的框架，以实现在普通心理学和实验精神病理学中更有效的建模实践。方法分析心理学中常见的三种模型：实验室模型、计算模型和认知模型。然后，我们评估了两种评估模型翻译价值的常用方法（现象学相似性和深度相似性），以及一种可能被低估的方法（功能相似性）。功能相似性是基于对变量（例如，给药药物）是否具有相似效果的评估（a）在模型中（例如，在恐惧条件反射过程中）和（b）在现实生活中的目标现象（例如，对现实生活中焦虑抱怨）。结论我们认为，功能相似性评估是评估模型在实验精神病理学及其他领域的转化价值。

引用次数: 0

Examining social reinforcement learning in social anxiety 社会焦虑中的社会强化学习研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101810

Miranda L. Beltzer , Katharine E. Daniel , Alexander R. Daros , Bethany A. Teachman

Background and objectives

Reinforcement learning biases have been empirically linked to anhedonia in depression and theoretically linked to social anhedonia in social anxiety disorder, but little work has directly assessed how socially anxious individuals learn from social reward and punishment.

Methods

N = 157 individuals high and low in social anxiety symptoms completed a social probabilistic selection task that involved selecting between pairs of neutral faces with varying probabilities of changing to a happy or angry face. Computational modeling was performed to estimate learning rates. Accuracy in choosing the more rewarding face was also analyzed.

Results

No significant group differences were found for learning rates. Contrary to hypotheses, participants high in social anxiety showed impaired punishment learning accuracy; they were more accurate at choosing the most rewarding face than they were at avoiding the most punishing face, and their punishment learning accuracy was lower than that of participants low in social anxiety. Secondary analyses found that high (vs. low) social anxiety participants were less accurate at selecting the more rewarding face on more (vs. less) punishing face pairs.

Limitations

Stimuli were static, White, facial images, which lack important social cues (e.g., movement, sound) and diversity, and participants were largely non-Hispanic, White undergraduates, whose social reinforcement learning may differ from individuals at different developmental stages and those holding more marginalized identities.

Conclusions

Socially anxious individuals may be less accurate at learning to avoid social punishment, which may maintain negative beliefs through an interpersonal stress generation process.

背景和目的强化学习偏见在经验上与抑郁症的快感缺乏有关，在理论上与社交焦虑症的社交快感缺乏有关。但很少有研究直接评估社交焦虑个体如何从社会奖惩中学习。方法N=157名社交焦虑症状高和低的个体完成了一项社会概率选择任务，该任务涉及在不同概率的中性面孔之间进行选择，这些面孔会变成快乐或愤怒的面孔。进行计算建模以估计学习率。还分析了选择更有回报的面孔的准确性。结果学习率组间无显著性差异。与假设相反，高社交焦虑的参与者表现出惩罚学习准确性受损；他们在选择最有回报的面孔方面比在避免最惩罚的面孔方面更准确，并且他们的惩罚学习准确率低于社交焦虑低的参与者。二次分析发现，高（与低）社交焦虑的参与者在选择惩罚较多（与较少）的人脸对上奖励较多的人脸时不太准确。限制刺激是静态的白人面部图像，缺乏重要的社会线索（如运动、声音）和多样性，参与者大多是非西班牙裔白人本科生，他们的社会强化学习可能与处于不同发展阶段的个人和持有更边缘化身份的人不同。结论社会焦虑个体在学习避免社会惩罚方面可能不太准确，这可能通过人际压力的产生过程保持负面信念。

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引用次数: 2

Examining reciprocal relations between disgust proneness and OCD symptoms: A four-wave longitudinal study 研究厌恶倾向和强迫症症状之间的相互关系:一项四波纵向研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101907

Bunmi O. Olatunji , Jingu Kim

Background and objectives

Although disgust proneness has been implicated in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), available studies have largely employed cross-sectional designs and the prospective and potentially reciprocal association between disgust proneness and OCD symptoms remains unclear. The present study employs cross lagged panel analysis to examine the prospective and reciprocal association between disgust proneness and OCD symptoms.

Method

A community sample of adults (N = 307) completed symptom measures of disgust proneness and OCD symptoms at four time points with 1 month intervals.

Results

The results showed that the cross-lagged paths from disgust proneness to OCD symptoms were significant (average β = 0.07, p's < 0.001) when controlling for depression. However, the paths from total OCD symptoms to disgust proneness were not significant. In contrast, the cross-lagged paths from disgust proneness to washing OCD symptoms were not significant. However, the paths from washing OCD symptoms to disgust proneness were significant (average β = 0.05, p's < 0.01) when controlling for depression.

Limitations

The study is limited is limited by exclusive reliance on self-report in a nonclinical sample.

Conclusions

The findings offer preliminary evidence suggesting that disgust proneness may be a cause and consequence of OCD depending on the nature of the symptoms. Thus, the longitudinal relation between disgust proneness and OCD may be transactional where one influences the effect of the other.

背景和目的虽然厌恶倾向与强迫症(OCD)的发展有关，但现有的研究大多采用横断面设计，厌恶倾向与强迫症症状之间的前瞻性和潜在的相互关联尚不清楚。本研究采用交叉滞后面板分析来检验厌恶倾向与强迫症症状之间的前瞻性和反向关联。方法社区抽样成人307例，分别在4个时间点完成厌恶倾向和强迫症症状测量，时间间隔为1个月。结果厌恶倾向到强迫症症状的交叉滞后路径显著(平均β = 0.07, p's <0.001)。然而，从完全的强迫症症状到厌恶倾向的路径并不显著。相反，从厌恶倾向到洗涤强迫症症状的交叉滞后路径不显著。然而，从洗涤强迫症症状到厌恶倾向的路径是显著的(平均β = 0.05, p's <0.01)。局限性:本研究的局限性在于完全依赖于非临床样本的自我报告。这些发现提供了初步证据，表明厌恶倾向可能是强迫症的原因和结果，这取决于症状的性质。因此，厌恶倾向和强迫症之间的纵向关系可能是事务性的，其中一个影响另一个的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy, psychodrama, and their integration for treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial 认知行为团体疗法、心理剧及其整合治疗社交焦虑症的有效性:一项随机对照试验

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101908

Hanieh Abeditehrani , Corine Dijk , Mohsen Dehghani Neyshabouri , Arnoud Arntz

Background and objectives

Although cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder, many socially anxious patients are still symptomatic after treatment. A possible improvement for CBGT could come from the more experiential group psychotherapy, psychodrama (PD). The integration of CBGT and PD (labeled CBPT) might offer an even more effective treatment than CBGT or PD alone. With the present study, we investigated first whether three kinds of group therapy (CBGT, PD, and CBPT) are superior to a waitlist (WL). Second, we investigated whether CBPT is more effective than CBGT or PD alone.

Methods

One hundred and forty-four social anxiety patients were randomly assigned to three active conditions or a WL. After wait, WL-participants were randomized over the active treatment conditions.

Results

The results of a multilevel analysis showed that all treatments were superior to WL in reducing social anxiety complaints. Only CBGT and CBPT differed significantly from WL in reducing fear of negative evaluations. There were no significant differences between active conditions in any of the variables after treatment and after six-month follow up, neither were there significant differences in treatment dropout.

Limitations

First there is the lack of a long-term follow-up. Second, because of loss of participants, we did not reach the planned numbers in the active treatment groups in comparison to WL. Moreover, this study was not designed as a non-inferiority or equivalence trial.

Conclusions

Although the integrative CBPT showed good results, it was not more effective than the other treatments.

背景与目的虽然认知行为团体治疗(CBGT)是治疗社交焦虑障碍的有效方法，但许多社交焦虑患者在治疗后仍有症状。对CBGT的一种可能的改善可能来自更有经验的群体心理治疗，心理剧(PD)。CBGT和PD的结合(标记为CBPT)可能比单独CBGT或PD提供更有效的治疗。在本研究中，我们首先调查了三种团体治疗(CBGT, PD和CBPT)是否优于等候名单(WL)。其次，我们调查了CBPT是否比CBGT或单独PD更有效。方法144例社交焦虑患者随机分为三种活动状态或一种活动状态。等待后，wl参与者在积极治疗条件下随机分组。结果多水平分析结果显示，所有治疗方法在减少社交焦虑主诉方面均优于WL。只有CBGT和CBPT在减少负面评价恐惧方面与WL有显著差异。治疗后和6个月随访后，活跃状态在任何变量上没有显著差异，治疗退出也没有显著差异。局限性首先是缺乏长期的随访。其次，由于参与者的流失，与WL相比，我们没有达到积极治疗组的计划人数。此外，本研究并非设计为非劣效性或等效性试验。结论综合cbt治疗效果良好，但并不比其他治疗更有效。

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引用次数: 0

A neuropsychological study of misophonia 恐音症的神经心理学研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101897

Amitai Abramovitch, Tanya A. Herrera , Joseph L. Etherton

Background and objectives

Misophonia is a recently identified condition characterized by negative emotional responsivity to certain types of sounds. Although progress has been made in understanding of neuronal, psychophysiological, and psychopathological mechanisms, important gaps in research remain, particularly insight into cognitive function. Accordingly, we conducted the first neuropsychological examination of misophonia, including clinical, diagnostic, and functional correlates.

Methods

A misophonia group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 64) were screened for comorbidities using a formal semi-structured interview and completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and self-report measures of depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity, and functional impairment.

Results

The misophonia group significantly underperformed the control group on only 2 neuropsychological outcomes involving verbal memory retrieval. Subscales of the Misophonia Questionaaire (MQ) were inversely correlated only with measures of attention. The misophonia group reported significantly higher anxiety symptoms, behavioral impulsivity, and functional impairments, and had numerically higher rates of ADHD and OCD.

Limitations

To facilitate comparability, in lieu of a formal diagnostic algorithm for misophonia, we used a commonly used empirical definition for group allocation that has been utilized in numerous previous studies.

Conclusions

Misophonia was associated with a reduction in performance on a minority of cognitive tasks and a modest increase in some psychological symptoms and comorbid conditions. Correlational data suggest that difficulties with attention regulation and impulsivity may play a role in misophonia, albeit attention functions were intact. Results should be interpreted with caution given the variability in diagnostic definitions, and more research is needed to understand cognitive functioning under ‘cold’ conditions in misophonia.

背景和目的恐音症是最近发现的一种症状，其特征是对某些类型的声音产生消极的情绪反应。尽管在神经、心理生理和精神病理机制的理解方面取得了进展，但在研究方面仍然存在重要的空白，特别是对认知功能的了解。因此，我们对恐音症进行了首次神经心理学检查，包括临床、诊断和功能相关。方法采用正式的半结构化访谈对恐音症组(n = 32)和对照组(n = 64)进行合并症筛查，并完成抑郁、焦虑、压力、冲动和功能障碍的综合神经心理测试和自我报告。结果恐音症组仅在言语记忆提取的2项神经心理指标上显著低于对照组。恐音症问卷(MQ)的分量表仅与注意力测量呈负相关。恐音症组报告了明显更高的焦虑症状、行为冲动和功能障碍，并且有更高的注意力缺陷多动障碍和强迫症发生率。为了便于比较，我们没有使用恐音症的正式诊断算法，而是使用了一种常用的经验定义来进行分组分配，该定义已在许多先前的研究中使用。结论恐音症与少数认知任务的表现下降和一些心理症状和合并症的适度增加有关。相关数据表明，尽管注意力功能完好，但注意力调节和冲动方面的困难可能在恐音症中起作用。考虑到诊断定义的可变性，对结果的解释应谨慎，需要更多的研究来了解恐音症患者在“冷”条件下的认知功能。

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引用次数: 0

Does gaze anxiety predict actual gaze avoidance and is it more informative than social anxiety? 凝视焦虑能预测实际的凝视回避吗？它比社交焦虑更能提供信息吗？

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101896

Jiemiao Chen, Esther van den Bos, P. Michiel Westenberg

Background and Objectives

In recent years eye-tracking studies have provided converging evidence that socially anxious individuals avoid looking at other people's faces in social situations. In addition to these objective measures, the Gaze Anxiety Rating Scale (GARS) has increasingly been used as a self-report measure of gaze avoidance. However, extant results concerning its predictive validity were inconsistent. Moreover, no study has considered social anxiety and gaze anxiety together to examine their relative contributions to actual gaze behavior.

Methods

To address these two questions, eye-tracking data collected from 81 female students during the initial 6 min of a face-to-face conversation with a female confederate were analyzed. Gaze anxiety and social anxiety were measured via the GARS and the Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale.

Results

The results revealed that gaze anxiety was associated with reduced face gaze while speaking. Social anxiety was not only associated with decreased face gaze during speaking, but also across the initial conversation. Moreover, there was no evidence that gaze anxiety made an additional contribution to social anxiety in predicting face gaze behavior.

Limitations

This study examined face gaze instead of eye gaze. Additionally, the self-report data were not collected on the same day as the eye-tracking data.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that, in a community sample, gaze anxiety does predict actual gaze behavior during a face-to-face initial encounter, but social anxiety is a stronger predictor.

背景和目的：近年来，眼动追踪研究提供了一致的证据，证明社交焦虑的人在社交场合避免看别人的脸。除了这些客观测量外，凝视焦虑评定量表（GARS）越来越多地被用作凝视回避的自我报告测量。然而，关于其预测有效性的现有结果并不一致。此外，没有研究将社交焦虑和凝视焦虑放在一起考察它们对实际凝视行为的相对贡献。方法：为了解决这两个问题，分析了81名女学生在与一名女同学面对面交谈的最初6分钟内收集的眼动追踪数据。凝视焦虑和社交焦虑通过GARS和Leibowitz社交焦虑量表进行测量。结果：研究结果表明，凝视焦虑与说话时面部凝视减少有关。社交焦虑不仅与说话时面部凝视减少有关，而且与最初的谈话有关。此外，没有证据表明凝视焦虑在预测面部凝视行为时对社交焦虑有额外的贡献。局限性：这项研究检查了面部凝视而不是眼睛凝视。此外，自我报告数据并没有与眼动追踪数据在同一天收集。结论：研究结果表明，在社区样本中，凝视焦虑确实可以预测面对面初次见面时的实际凝视行为，但社交焦虑是一个更强的预测因素。

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引用次数: 0