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The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence 家庭在儿童和青少年时期种族主义和仇外心理中的作用
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211056320
Tuğçe Aral, Linda P. Juang, Miriam Schwarzenthal, Deborah Rivas‐Drake
Racism and xenophobia are not just the problems of the adult world. As systems of beliefs, practices, and policies, racism and xenophobia influence children’s perceptions and experiences at early ages. Because families can be significant sources of information regarding race and ethnicity, we focus on the family to understand the broader context of racism and xenophobia in childhood and adolescence. In this paper, we first provide an overview of research conducted among BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) and ethnic/religious minority families that has focused on family ethnic–racial socialization to support children and adolescents’ capabilities for resisting racism and xenophobia. We then review research conducted among white and ethnic/religious majority families that has mainly taken an intergroup relations perspective and has examined associations between parents’ and children’s ethnic–racial attitudes, biases, and prejudice. Finally, we discuss the role of family for racism and xenophobia through the lens of family ethnic–racial socialization and intergroup relations perspectives, highlight areas that are currently understudied, and offer recommendations concerning future research directions.
种族主义和仇外心理不仅仅是成人世界的问题。由于信仰、习俗和政策体系,种族主义和仇外心理影响着儿童早期的观念和经历。由于家庭可以成为有关种族和族裔的重要信息来源,我们将重点放在家庭上,以了解儿童和青少年时期种族主义和仇外心理的更广泛背景。在本文中,我们首先概述了在BIPOC(黑人、土著和有色人种)和少数民族/宗教少数群体家庭中进行的研究,这些研究侧重于家庭种族-种族社会化,以支持儿童和青少年抵抗种族主义和仇外心理的能力。然后,我们回顾了在白人和少数民族/宗教占多数的家庭中进行的研究,这些研究主要采取了群体间关系的观点,并研究了父母和孩子的种族态度、偏见和偏见之间的联系。最后,我们从家庭族群-种族社会化和群体间关系的角度讨论了家庭在种族主义和仇外心理中的作用,强调了目前研究不足的领域,并对未来的研究方向提出了建议。
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引用次数: 6
Back to the Source: Moving Upstream in the Curricular Rivers of Coloniality 回到源头:在殖民主义的课程河流中逆流而上
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046509
S. James, Helen Lorenz
This article shares choices made as part of an introductory decoloniality curriculum in a non-clinical community psychology M.A./PhD program where the authors are faculty members. We focus on the basics of decoloniality and decolonial pedagogies in two first-year foundational psychology courses: one course on implications of decoloniality for studying differing psychological paradigms, ontologies, and epistemologies, particularly relational ontologies that might reframe community environments, and another course on implications of decoloniality for post-humanist and indigenous qualitative research methodologies. We present currently emerging forms of theory, content, pedagogy, dialogue, artivism, and methodology in process in our work, as well as responses from students and our own reflections.
这篇文章分享了作为非临床社区心理学硕士/博士项目介绍性非殖民化课程的一部分所做的选择,作者是该项目的教员。我们在一年级的两门基础心理学课程中重点关注去殖民化和去殖民化教学法的基础知识:一门课程是关于去殖民化的含义,用于研究不同的心理学范式、本体论和认识论,特别是可能重构社区环境的关系本体论;另一门课程是关于去殖民化对后人文主义和本土定性研究方法的含义。我们展示了目前在我们的工作过程中的理论、内容、教学法、对话、艺术主义和方法论的新兴形式,以及学生的反应和我们自己的反思。
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引用次数: 2
General Psychology Otherwise: A Decolonial Articulation 普通心理学:一种非殖民化的表达
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211048177
Decolonial Psychology Editorial Collective

Critics have faulted the project of general psychology for conceptions of general truth that (1) emphasize basic processes abstracted from context and (2) rest on a narrow foundation of research among people in enclaves of Eurocentric modernity. Informed by these critiques, we propose decolonial perspectives as a new scholarly imaginary for general psychology Otherwise. Whereas hegemonic articulations of general psychology tend to ignore life in majority-world communities as something peripheral to its knowledge project, decolonial perspectives regard these communities as a privileged site for general understanding. Indeed, the epistemic standpoint of such communities is especially useful for understanding the coloniality inherent in modern individualist lifeways and the fundamental relationality of human existence. Similarly, whereas hegemonic articulations of general psychology tend to impose particular Eurocentric forms masquerading as general laws, the decolonial vision for general psychology Otherwise exchanges the universalized particular for a more pluralistic (or pluriversal) general.

批评人士认为,一般心理学的普遍真理概念(1)强调从语境中抽象出来的基本过程,(2)建立在对欧洲中心现代性飞地中的人们进行研究的狭隘基础上。根据这些批评,我们提出非殖民视角作为普通心理学的一种新的学术想象。然而,普通心理学的霸权表述倾向于忽视多数世界社区的生活,将其视为其知识项目的外围,而非殖民化的观点则将这些社区视为普遍理解的特权场所。事实上,这些社区的认识论立场对于理解现代个人主义生活方式中固有的殖民性和人类存在的基本关系尤其有用。同样,尽管普通心理学的霸权表述倾向于将伪装成一般规律的特定欧洲中心形式强加于人,但普通心理学的非殖民化愿景将普遍化的特殊形式换成了更多元(或多元)的一般。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding Intergroup Relations in Childhood and Adolescence 理解儿童和青少年群体间关系
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211050016
M. Verkuyten
There are various theoretical approaches for understanding intergroup biases among children and adolescents. This article focuses on the social identity approach and argues that existing research will benefit by more fully considering the implications of this approach for examining intergroup relations among youngsters. These implications include (a) the importance of self-categorization, (b) the role of self-stereotyping and group identification, (c) the relevance of shared understandings and developing ingroup consensus, and (d) the importance of coordinated action for positive and negative intergroup relations. These implications of the social identity approach suggest several avenues for investigating children’s and adolescents’ intergroup relations that have not been fully appreciated in the existing literature. However, there are also limitations to the social identity approach for the developmental understanding and some of these are discussed.
理解儿童和青少年群体间偏见有多种理论方法。本文侧重于社会认同方法,并认为现有的研究将通过更充分地考虑这种方法对研究青少年群体间关系的影响而受益。这些影响包括(a)自我分类的重要性,(b)自我定型和群体认同的作用,(c)共同理解和发展群体内部共识的相关性,以及(d)协调行动对积极和消极的群体间关系的重要性。社会认同方法的这些含义为调查儿童和青少年的群体间关系提供了几种途径,而这些途径在现有文献中尚未得到充分认识。然而,发展理解的社会认同方法也有局限性,其中一些也进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 3
How to True Psychology’s Objects 如何真实心理学的对象
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046518
J. Morawski
Psychology’s current crisis attends most visibly to perceived problems with statistical models, methods, publication practices, and career incentives. Rarely is close attention given to the objects of inquiry—to ontological matters—yet the crisis-related literature does features statements about the nature of psychology’s objects. Close analysis of the ontological claims reveals discrepant understandings: some researchers assume objects to be stable and singular while others posit them to be dynamic and complex. Nevertheless, both views presume the objects under scrutiny to be real. The analysis also finds each of these ontological claims to be associated not only with particular method prescriptions but also with distinct notions of the scientific self. Though both take the scientific self to be objective, one figures the scientist as not always a rational actor and, therefore, requiring some behavior regulation, while the other sees the scientist as largely capable of self-governing sustained through painstakingly acquired expertise and self-control. The fate of these prevalent assemblages of object, method, and scientific self remains to be determined, yet as conditions of possibility they portend quite different futures. Following description of the assemblages, the article ventures a futuristic portrayal of the scientific practices they each might engender.
心理学当前的危机最明显地体现在统计模型、方法、出版实践和职业激励方面的问题。很少有人密切关注调查的对象——本体论问题——然而,与危机相关的文献确实以关于心理学对象本质的陈述为特色。对本体论主张的仔细分析揭示了不同的理解:一些研究人员认为对象是稳定的和单一的,而另一些研究人员则认为它们是动态的和复杂的。然而,两种观点都假定被审视的对象是真实的。分析还发现,这些本体论的主张不仅与特定的方法处方有关,而且与科学自我的独特概念有关。虽然两者都认为科学的自我是客观的,但一方认为科学家并不总是理性的行为者,因此需要一些行为规范,而另一方则认为科学家在很大程度上有能力通过艰苦地获得专业知识和自我控制来维持自我管理。这些对象、方法和科学自我的普遍组合的命运仍有待确定,但作为可能性的条件,它们预示着截然不同的未来。在对这些组合的描述之后,文章大胆地描绘了它们各自可能产生的科学实践的未来主义写照。
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引用次数: 5
Coloniality and Psychology: From Silencing to Re-Centering Marginalized Voices in Postcolonial Times 殖民与心理:从沉默到后殖民时代边缘化声音的重新聚焦
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046507
S. Bhatia, K. R. Priya
We adopt a decolonizing framework in this article to examine how legacies of colonialism and coloniality continue to manifest in Euro-American psychology. The population of India is now over 1.2 billion people with over 356 million youth they make up the world’s largest youth population, but their stories remain largely invisible in Euro-American psychology. For this article, we draw on a growing body of research by decolonial theorists and our ethnographic research. We argue that Euro-American psychological science now reworks the old forms of imperialism and domination in neoliberal contexts of globalization. In particular, we analyze (a) how mainstream psychological knowledge of “culture” and “diversity” have reinforced a neoliberal self in postcolonial India; (b) the varied ways in which identities, values, and mental health experiences of marginalized communities have been silenced and ignored through the application of Euro-American psychiatric and colonial psychological knowledge; and (c) how persistent caste-based violence and exploitation in contemporary times reflects the “internal coloniality” of Indian society.
在本文中,我们采用了一个非殖民化的框架来研究殖民主义和殖民主义的遗产如何继续在欧美心理学中表现出来。印度现在有超过12亿的人口,其中有超过3.56亿的年轻人,他们构成了世界上最大的青年人口,但他们的故事在欧美心理学中基本上是看不见的。在这篇文章中,我们借鉴了越来越多的非殖民理论家和我们的民族志研究的研究成果。我们认为,欧美心理科学现在在全球化的新自由主义背景下重新设计了帝国主义和统治的旧形式。特别是,我们分析了(a)关于“文化”和“多样性”的主流心理学知识如何在后殖民时代的印度强化了新自由主义自我;(b)通过应用欧美精神病学和殖民心理学知识,边缘化社区的身份、价值观和心理健康经历以各种方式被压制和忽视;(c)当代持续存在的基于种姓的暴力和剥削如何反映了印度社会的“内部殖民主义”。
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引用次数: 10
Ecological Values Theory: Beyond Conformity, Goal-Seeking, and Rule-Following in Action and Interaction 生态价值理论:超越行动与互动中的从众、目标追求与规则遵循
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211048174
Bert H. Hodges, J. Rączaszek-Leonardi
Values have long been considered important for psychology but are frequently characterized as beliefs, goals, rules, or norms. Ecological values theory locates them, not in people or in objects, but in ecosystem relationships and the demands those relationships place on fields of action within the system. To test the worth of this approach, we consider skilled coordination tasks in social psychology (e.g., negotiating disagreements, synchrony and asynchrony in interactions, and selectivity in social learning) and perception-action (e.g., driving vehicles and carrying a child). Evidence suggests that a diverse array of values (e.g., truth, social solidarity, justice, flexibility, safety, and comfort) work in a cooperative tension to guide actions. Values emerge as critical constraints on action that differ from goals, rules, and natural laws, and yet provide the larger context in which these can function effectively. Prospects and challenges for understanding values and their role in action, including theoretical and methodological issues, are considered.
价值观长期以来被认为对心理学很重要,但通常被描述为信念、目标、规则或规范。生态价值理论不是把它们放在人或物上,而是放在生态系统关系和这些关系对系统内行动领域的要求上。为了测试这种方法的价值,我们考虑了社会心理学中的熟练协调任务(例如,协商分歧,互动中的同步和异步,以及社会学习中的选择性)和感知-行动(例如,驾驶车辆和带孩子)。有证据表明,各种各样的价值观(例如,真理、社会团结、正义、灵活性、安全和舒适)在一种合作的紧张关系中起作用,指导人们的行动。价值观是对行动的关键约束,不同于目标、规则和自然法则,但却提供了更大的背景,使它们能够有效地发挥作用。考虑了理解价值观及其在行动中的作用的前景和挑战,包括理论和方法问题。
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引用次数: 9
Psychology Exceptionalism and the Multiple Discovery of the Replication Crisis 心理学例外论与复制危机的多重发现
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046508
Nicole C. Nelson, Julie Chung, Kelsey Ichikawa, M. Malik
This article outlines what we call the “narrative of psychology exceptionalism” in commentaries on the replication crisis: many thoughtful commentaries link the current crisis to the specificity of psychology’s history, methods, and subject matter, but explorations of the similarities between psychology and other fields are comparatively thin. Historical analyses of the replication crisis in psychology further contribute to this exceptionalism by creating a genealogy of events and personalities that shares little in common with other fields. We aim to rebalance this narrative by examining the emergence and evolution of replication discussions in psychology alongside their emergence and evolution in biomedicine. Through a mixed-methods analysis of commentaries on replication in psychology and the biomedical sciences, we find that these conversations have, from the early years of the crisis, shared a common core that centers on concerns about the effectiveness of traditional peer review, the need for greater transparency in methods and data, and the perverse incentive structure of academia. Drawing on Robert Merton’s framework for analyzing multiple discovery in science, we argue that the nearly simultaneous emergence of this narrative across fields suggests that there are shared historical, cultural, or institutional factors driving disillusionment with established scientific practices.
本文在对复制危机的评论中概述了我们所称的“心理学例外论叙事”:许多深思熟虑的评论将当前的危机与心理学的历史、方法和主题的特殊性联系起来,但对心理学与其他领域之间相似性的探索相对较少。心理学中对复制危机的历史分析通过创建一个与其他领域几乎没有共同点的事件和个性谱系,进一步促进了这种例外论。我们的目标是通过研究心理学中复制讨论的出现和演变以及它们在生物医学中的出现和进化来重新平衡这种叙事。通过对心理学和生物医学中关于复制的评论进行混合方法分析,我们发现,从危机爆发的最初几年起,这些对话就有一个共同的核心,集中在对传统同行评审的有效性、提高方法和数据透明度的必要性以及学术界反常的激励结构的担忧上。根据罗伯特·默顿分析科学中多重发现的框架,我们认为,这种叙事在各个领域几乎同时出现,这表明有共同的历史、文化或制度因素导致人们对既定科学实践的幻灭。
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引用次数: 5
The Tone Debate: Knowledge, Self, and Social Order 音调之争:知识、自我与社会秩序
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211015636
Maarten Derksen, Sarah Field
In the replication crisis in psychology, a “tone debate” has developed. It concerns the question of how to conduct scientific debate effectively and ethically. How should scientists give critique without unnecessarily damaging relations? The increasing use of Facebook and Twitter by researchers has made this issue especially pressing, as these social technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for conversation between academics, but there is little formal control over the debate. In this article, we show that psychologists have tried to solve this issue with various codes of conduct, with an appeal to virtues such as humility, and with practices of self-transformation. We also show that the polemical style of debate, popular in many scientific communities, is itself being questioned by psychologists. Following Shapin and Schaffer’s analysis of the ethics of Robert Boyle’s experimental philosophy in the 17th century, we trace the connections between knowledge, social order, and subjectivity as they are debated and revised by present-day psychologists.
在心理学的复制危机中,出现了一场“语气之争”。它涉及到如何有效地、合乎道德地进行科学辩论的问题。科学家应该如何在不损害关系的前提下提出批评?研究人员越来越多地使用Facebook和Twitter,使得这个问题变得尤为紧迫,因为这些社交技术极大地扩展了学者之间对话的可能性,但对辩论几乎没有正式的控制。在这篇文章中,我们展示了心理学家试图通过各种行为准则来解决这个问题,通过呼吁谦卑等美德,以及自我转化的实践。我们还表明,在许多科学界流行的辩论风格本身也受到了心理学家的质疑。按照Shapin和Schaffer对17世纪Robert Boyle的实验哲学伦理的分析,我们追溯了知识、社会秩序和主观性之间的联系,因为它们被当今的心理学家争论和修正。
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引用次数: 10
Overempowered? Diversity-Focused Research with Gender/Sex and Sexual Majorities 过度授权?以性别/性和性专业为重点的多元化研究
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211034461
Sari M. van Anders, Zach C. Schudson, Will J. Beischel, Emma C. Abed, Aki M. Gormezano, E. Dibble
Diversity-focused research can provide important insights about gender/sex and sexual diversity, including in relation to oppression and privilege. To do so, it needs to critically engage with power and include minoritized and majoritized participants. But, the critical methods guiding this are typically aimed at empowering marginalized groups and may “overempower” majority participants. Here, we discuss three diversity-focused research projects about gender/sex and sexual diversity where our use of critical methods overempowered majority participants in ways that reinforced their privilege. We detail how diversity-focused research approaches thus need to be “majority-situating”: attending to and managing the privilege and power that majority participants carry to research. Yet, we also lay out how diversity-focused research still needs to be “minority-inclusive”: validating, welcoming, and empowering to people from marginalized social locations. We discuss these approaches working synergistically; minority-inclusive methods can also be majority-situating, providing majorities with opportunities for growth, learning, and seeing that they—and not just “others”—are socially situated. We conclude by laying out what a diversity-focused research program might look like that includes both majority-situating and minority-inclusive approaches, to work towards a more just and empirical scholarship that does not lead to majorities who are even more overempowered.
以多样性为重点的研究可以提供关于性别/性和性多样性的重要见解,包括与压迫和特权有关的见解。要做到这一点,它需要批判性地与权力接触,并包括少数和多数参与者。但是,指导这一点的关键方法通常旨在赋予边缘化群体权力,并可能“高估”大多数参与者的权力。在这里,我们讨论了三个以多样性为重点的关于性别/性和性多样性的研究项目,在这些项目中,我们使用的批判性方法以增强大多数参与者的特权的方式过度激励了他们。因此,我们详细介绍了以多样性为重点的研究方法需要如何“多数情境”:关注和管理大多数参与者在研究中享有的特权和权力。然而,我们也阐述了以多样性为重点的研究仍然需要“包容少数群体”:对来自边缘化社会位置的人进行验证、欢迎和赋权。我们讨论了这些协同工作的方法;包容少数群体的方法也可以是基于多数群体的,为多数群体提供成长、学习的机会,并看到他们——而不仅仅是“其他人”——处于社会地位。最后,我们阐述了一个以多样性为重点的研究项目可能是什么样子的,它既包括多数人的处境,也包括少数人的包容性方法,以努力实现一种更公正、更实证的学术,而不会导致多数人的权力更大。
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引用次数: 0
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