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Coloniality and Psychology: From Silencing to Re-Centering Marginalized Voices in Postcolonial Times 殖民与心理:从沉默到后殖民时代边缘化声音的重新聚焦
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046507
S. Bhatia, K. R. Priya
We adopt a decolonizing framework in this article to examine how legacies of colonialism and coloniality continue to manifest in Euro-American psychology. The population of India is now over 1.2 billion people with over 356 million youth they make up the world’s largest youth population, but their stories remain largely invisible in Euro-American psychology. For this article, we draw on a growing body of research by decolonial theorists and our ethnographic research. We argue that Euro-American psychological science now reworks the old forms of imperialism and domination in neoliberal contexts of globalization. In particular, we analyze (a) how mainstream psychological knowledge of “culture” and “diversity” have reinforced a neoliberal self in postcolonial India; (b) the varied ways in which identities, values, and mental health experiences of marginalized communities have been silenced and ignored through the application of Euro-American psychiatric and colonial psychological knowledge; and (c) how persistent caste-based violence and exploitation in contemporary times reflects the “internal coloniality” of Indian society.
在本文中,我们采用了一个非殖民化的框架来研究殖民主义和殖民主义的遗产如何继续在欧美心理学中表现出来。印度现在有超过12亿的人口,其中有超过3.56亿的年轻人,他们构成了世界上最大的青年人口,但他们的故事在欧美心理学中基本上是看不见的。在这篇文章中,我们借鉴了越来越多的非殖民理论家和我们的民族志研究的研究成果。我们认为,欧美心理科学现在在全球化的新自由主义背景下重新设计了帝国主义和统治的旧形式。特别是,我们分析了(a)关于“文化”和“多样性”的主流心理学知识如何在后殖民时代的印度强化了新自由主义自我;(b)通过应用欧美精神病学和殖民心理学知识,边缘化社区的身份、价值观和心理健康经历以各种方式被压制和忽视;(c)当代持续存在的基于种姓的暴力和剥削如何反映了印度社会的“内部殖民主义”。
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引用次数: 10
Ecological Values Theory: Beyond Conformity, Goal-Seeking, and Rule-Following in Action and Interaction 生态价值理论:超越行动与互动中的从众、目标追求与规则遵循
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211048174
Bert H. Hodges, J. Rączaszek-Leonardi
Values have long been considered important for psychology but are frequently characterized as beliefs, goals, rules, or norms. Ecological values theory locates them, not in people or in objects, but in ecosystem relationships and the demands those relationships place on fields of action within the system. To test the worth of this approach, we consider skilled coordination tasks in social psychology (e.g., negotiating disagreements, synchrony and asynchrony in interactions, and selectivity in social learning) and perception-action (e.g., driving vehicles and carrying a child). Evidence suggests that a diverse array of values (e.g., truth, social solidarity, justice, flexibility, safety, and comfort) work in a cooperative tension to guide actions. Values emerge as critical constraints on action that differ from goals, rules, and natural laws, and yet provide the larger context in which these can function effectively. Prospects and challenges for understanding values and their role in action, including theoretical and methodological issues, are considered.
价值观长期以来被认为对心理学很重要,但通常被描述为信念、目标、规则或规范。生态价值理论不是把它们放在人或物上,而是放在生态系统关系和这些关系对系统内行动领域的要求上。为了测试这种方法的价值,我们考虑了社会心理学中的熟练协调任务(例如,协商分歧,互动中的同步和异步,以及社会学习中的选择性)和感知-行动(例如,驾驶车辆和带孩子)。有证据表明,各种各样的价值观(例如,真理、社会团结、正义、灵活性、安全和舒适)在一种合作的紧张关系中起作用,指导人们的行动。价值观是对行动的关键约束,不同于目标、规则和自然法则,但却提供了更大的背景,使它们能够有效地发挥作用。考虑了理解价值观及其在行动中的作用的前景和挑战,包括理论和方法问题。
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引用次数: 9
Psychology Exceptionalism and the Multiple Discovery of the Replication Crisis 心理学例外论与复制危机的多重发现
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046508
Nicole C. Nelson, Julie Chung, Kelsey Ichikawa, M. Malik
This article outlines what we call the “narrative of psychology exceptionalism” in commentaries on the replication crisis: many thoughtful commentaries link the current crisis to the specificity of psychology’s history, methods, and subject matter, but explorations of the similarities between psychology and other fields are comparatively thin. Historical analyses of the replication crisis in psychology further contribute to this exceptionalism by creating a genealogy of events and personalities that shares little in common with other fields. We aim to rebalance this narrative by examining the emergence and evolution of replication discussions in psychology alongside their emergence and evolution in biomedicine. Through a mixed-methods analysis of commentaries on replication in psychology and the biomedical sciences, we find that these conversations have, from the early years of the crisis, shared a common core that centers on concerns about the effectiveness of traditional peer review, the need for greater transparency in methods and data, and the perverse incentive structure of academia. Drawing on Robert Merton’s framework for analyzing multiple discovery in science, we argue that the nearly simultaneous emergence of this narrative across fields suggests that there are shared historical, cultural, or institutional factors driving disillusionment with established scientific practices.
本文在对复制危机的评论中概述了我们所称的“心理学例外论叙事”:许多深思熟虑的评论将当前的危机与心理学的历史、方法和主题的特殊性联系起来,但对心理学与其他领域之间相似性的探索相对较少。心理学中对复制危机的历史分析通过创建一个与其他领域几乎没有共同点的事件和个性谱系,进一步促进了这种例外论。我们的目标是通过研究心理学中复制讨论的出现和演变以及它们在生物医学中的出现和进化来重新平衡这种叙事。通过对心理学和生物医学中关于复制的评论进行混合方法分析,我们发现,从危机爆发的最初几年起,这些对话就有一个共同的核心,集中在对传统同行评审的有效性、提高方法和数据透明度的必要性以及学术界反常的激励结构的担忧上。根据罗伯特·默顿分析科学中多重发现的框架,我们认为,这种叙事在各个领域几乎同时出现,这表明有共同的历史、文化或制度因素导致人们对既定科学实践的幻灭。
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引用次数: 5
The Tone Debate: Knowledge, Self, and Social Order 音调之争:知识、自我与社会秩序
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211015636
Maarten Derksen, Sarah Field
In the replication crisis in psychology, a “tone debate” has developed. It concerns the question of how to conduct scientific debate effectively and ethically. How should scientists give critique without unnecessarily damaging relations? The increasing use of Facebook and Twitter by researchers has made this issue especially pressing, as these social technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for conversation between academics, but there is little formal control over the debate. In this article, we show that psychologists have tried to solve this issue with various codes of conduct, with an appeal to virtues such as humility, and with practices of self-transformation. We also show that the polemical style of debate, popular in many scientific communities, is itself being questioned by psychologists. Following Shapin and Schaffer’s analysis of the ethics of Robert Boyle’s experimental philosophy in the 17th century, we trace the connections between knowledge, social order, and subjectivity as they are debated and revised by present-day psychologists.
在心理学的复制危机中,出现了一场“语气之争”。它涉及到如何有效地、合乎道德地进行科学辩论的问题。科学家应该如何在不损害关系的前提下提出批评?研究人员越来越多地使用Facebook和Twitter,使得这个问题变得尤为紧迫,因为这些社交技术极大地扩展了学者之间对话的可能性,但对辩论几乎没有正式的控制。在这篇文章中,我们展示了心理学家试图通过各种行为准则来解决这个问题,通过呼吁谦卑等美德,以及自我转化的实践。我们还表明,在许多科学界流行的辩论风格本身也受到了心理学家的质疑。按照Shapin和Schaffer对17世纪Robert Boyle的实验哲学伦理的分析,我们追溯了知识、社会秩序和主观性之间的联系,因为它们被当今的心理学家争论和修正。
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引用次数: 10
Overempowered? Diversity-Focused Research with Gender/Sex and Sexual Majorities 过度授权?以性别/性和性专业为重点的多元化研究
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211034461
Sari M. van Anders, Zach C. Schudson, Will J. Beischel, Emma C. Abed, Aki M. Gormezano, E. Dibble
Diversity-focused research can provide important insights about gender/sex and sexual diversity, including in relation to oppression and privilege. To do so, it needs to critically engage with power and include minoritized and majoritized participants. But, the critical methods guiding this are typically aimed at empowering marginalized groups and may “overempower” majority participants. Here, we discuss three diversity-focused research projects about gender/sex and sexual diversity where our use of critical methods overempowered majority participants in ways that reinforced their privilege. We detail how diversity-focused research approaches thus need to be “majority-situating”: attending to and managing the privilege and power that majority participants carry to research. Yet, we also lay out how diversity-focused research still needs to be “minority-inclusive”: validating, welcoming, and empowering to people from marginalized social locations. We discuss these approaches working synergistically; minority-inclusive methods can also be majority-situating, providing majorities with opportunities for growth, learning, and seeing that they—and not just “others”—are socially situated. We conclude by laying out what a diversity-focused research program might look like that includes both majority-situating and minority-inclusive approaches, to work towards a more just and empirical scholarship that does not lead to majorities who are even more overempowered.
以多样性为重点的研究可以提供关于性别/性和性多样性的重要见解,包括与压迫和特权有关的见解。要做到这一点,它需要批判性地与权力接触,并包括少数和多数参与者。但是,指导这一点的关键方法通常旨在赋予边缘化群体权力,并可能“高估”大多数参与者的权力。在这里,我们讨论了三个以多样性为重点的关于性别/性和性多样性的研究项目,在这些项目中,我们使用的批判性方法以增强大多数参与者的特权的方式过度激励了他们。因此,我们详细介绍了以多样性为重点的研究方法需要如何“多数情境”:关注和管理大多数参与者在研究中享有的特权和权力。然而,我们也阐述了以多样性为重点的研究仍然需要“包容少数群体”:对来自边缘化社会位置的人进行验证、欢迎和赋权。我们讨论了这些协同工作的方法;包容少数群体的方法也可以是基于多数群体的,为多数群体提供成长、学习的机会,并看到他们——而不仅仅是“其他人”——处于社会地位。最后,我们阐述了一个以多样性为重点的研究项目可能是什么样子的,它既包括多数人的处境,也包括少数人的包容性方法,以努力实现一种更公正、更实证的学术,而不会导致多数人的权力更大。
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引用次数: 0
Arts and Humanities Interventions for Flourishing in Healthy Adults: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review 艺术和人文干预健康成人的繁荣:一项混合研究系统综述
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211021350
Yerin Shim, Andrew T. Jebb, L. Tay, J. Pawelski
The arts and humanities have enriched human life in various ways throughout history. Yet, an analysis of empirical research into the effects of arts and humanities engagement remains incomplete, calling for a systematic and integrative understanding of the role of arts and humanities in promoting human flourishing. The present study used a mixed studies systematic review approach to integrating recent evidence from 27 intervention studies on the effectiveness of arts and humanities interventions on psychological flourishing of healthy adults. Our final dataset both represented quantitative and qualitative data on real-world interventions that encompassed a range of arts and humanities domains, including music, theater, visual arts, and integrative arts. A separate quantitative and qualitative data synthesis on study characteristics and psychological flourishing outcomes and a meta-integration of both types of evidence were conducted. Overall, arts and humanities interventions were associated with positive changes in a range of psychological flourishing outcomes, with overlapping quantitative and qualitative evidence for emotional, social, and sense of self outcomes. A secondary analysis explored key contextual and implementation features that contributed to effectiveness. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided based on our review.
历史上,艺术和人文学科以各种方式丰富了人类生活。然而,对艺术和人文参与影响的实证研究的分析仍然不完整,需要系统和综合地理解艺术和人文在促进人类繁荣中的作用。本研究采用了混合研究系统综述的方法,整合了27项干预研究的最新证据,这些研究表明艺术和人文干预对健康成年人心理健康的有效性。我们的最终数据集代表了现实世界干预的定量和定性数据,涵盖了一系列艺术和人文领域,包括音乐、戏剧、视觉艺术和综合艺术。对研究特征和心理发展结果进行了单独的定量和定性数据综合,并对这两种类型的证据进行了元整合。总体而言,艺术和人文干预与一系列心理繁荣结果的积极变化有关,情感、社会和自我感觉结果的数量和质量证据重叠。第二次分析探讨了有助于提高效率的关键背景和执行特征。根据我们的综述,为未来的研究和实践提供了建议。
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引用次数: 9
Linking Homeostatically Protected Mood, Mindfulness, and Depression: A Conceptual Synthesis and Model of Moodfulness 连接自我平衡保护的情绪,正念和抑郁:情绪的概念综合和模型
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211017523
Kimina Lyall, A. Mikocka‐Walus, S. Evans, R. Cummins
Mindfulness is an ancient practice, derived from Buddhism and recently adapted for the treatment of depression and other psychological conditions. The mechanism of action is thought to involve the extinction of habitual or conditioned responses to internal cognitive and emotional content. In turn, this relies on mechanisms of attentional control and emotion regulation. The resulting state of consciousness is sometimes described as equanimity. This conceptual review paper explores the process of achieving equanimity within a homeostatic framework. The result is a model of moodfulness, which combines mindfulness with Homeostatically Protected Mood to provide a new theoretical view of recovery from symptoms of depression. This model presents a case for mindfulness restoration of mood homeostasis following homeostatic defeat.
正念是一种古老的练习,起源于佛教,最近被用于治疗抑郁症和其他心理疾病。其作用机制被认为涉及对内在认知和情感内容的习惯性或条件性反应的消失。反过来,这依赖于注意力控制和情绪调节机制。由此产生的意识状态有时被描述为平静。这篇概念性的综述论文探讨了在稳态框架内实现平静的过程。结果是一个情绪模型,它结合了正念和动态保护情绪,为从抑郁症状中恢复提供了一个新的理论观点。这个模型提出了一个内稳态失败后正念恢复情绪内稳态的案例。
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引用次数: 7
Phronesis (Practical Wisdom) as a Type of Contextual Integrative Thinking 实践智慧是一种情境整合思维
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211023063
K. Kristjánsson, B. Fowers, Catherine A. Darnell, David Pollard
Coinciding with the recent psychological attention paid to the broad topic of wisdom, interest in the intellectual virtue of phronesis or practical wisdom has been burgeoning within pockets of psychology, philosophy, professional ethics, and education. However, these discourses are undercut by frequently unrecognized tensions, lacunae, ambivalences, misapplications, and paradoxes. While a recent attempt at conceptualizing the phronesis construct for the purpose of psychological measurement offers promise, little is known about how phronesis develops psychologically, what motivates it, or how it can be cultivated. Many psychologists aspire to make sense of wise thinking without the contextual, affective, and holistic/integrative resources of phronesis. This article explores some such attempts, in particular, a new “common model” of wisdom. We argue for the incremental value of the phronesis construct beyond available wisdom accounts because phronesis explains how mature decision-making is motivated and shaped by substantive moral aspirations and cognitively guided moral emotions. We go on to argue that, in the context of bridging the gap between moral knowledge and action, phronesis carries more motivational potency than wisdom in the “common model.” The phronesis construct, thus, embodies some unique features that psychologists studying wise decision-making ignore at their peril.
随着最近心理学对智慧这一广泛话题的关注,在心理学、哲学、职业道德和教育领域,对实践智慧的智力美德的兴趣也在迅速增长。然而,这些话语往往被未被认识到的紧张、空白、矛盾、误用和悖论所削弱。虽然最近为了心理测量的目的而概念化phronesis结构的尝试提供了希望,但对于phronesis是如何在心理上发展的,是什么激发了它,或者如何培养它,我们知之甚少。许多心理学家渴望在没有语境、情感和整体/综合资源的情况下理解明智的思考。本文探讨了一些这样的尝试,特别是一种新的智慧“共同模式”。我们认为,在现有的智慧解释之外,现实主义结构的增量价值是存在的,因为现实主义解释了成熟的决策是如何被实质性的道德愿望和认知引导的道德情感所激励和塑造的。我们继续认为,在弥合道德知识和行为之间的差距的背景下,实践比“共同模式”中的智慧更具激励效力。因此,现实结构体现了一些研究明智决策的心理学家忽视的独特特征。
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引用次数: 46
Review of Perfectionism Research From 1990 to 2019 Utilizing a Text-Mining Approach 1990 - 2019年基于文本挖掘方法的完美主义研究综述
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211018827
Hanna Suh, Seoyoung Kim, Dong-gwi Lee
Perfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been explored for its implications in mental health; reviews and meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize research findings. This study systemically synthesizes the perfectionism literature using a text-mining approach. Co-word analysis and Dirichlet Multinomial Regression topic modeling were performed on a total of 1,529 perfectionism abstracts published from 1990 to 2019. Analysis revealed that perfectionism research is closely connected with “disorder,” with “symptom” being the most frequently addressed issue. Topic-modeling results found a total of 15 topics represented perfectionism research of the past three decades. Most articles were published in psychology journals, with social and clinical psychology subdisciplines publishing perfectionism articles most frequently. There were overlaps in research topics by journal subdisciplines, while differences were also observed. This study provides a panoramic view of perfectionism literature and highlights frequently and infrequently explored areas that could be considered in future research endeavors.
完美主义是一种人格特征,其在心理健康方面的影响已被探索;对研究结果进行了综述和荟萃分析。本研究采用文本挖掘的方法对完美主义文献进行了系统的综合。对1990年至2019年发表的1529篇完美主义摘要进行了共词分析和Dirichlet多项式回归主题建模。分析显示,完美主义研究与“障碍”密切相关,“症状”是最常被提及的问题。主题建模结果发现,在过去三十年中,共有15个主题代表了完美主义研究。大多数文章发表在心理学期刊上,社会和临床心理学分支学科发表完美主义文章的频率最高。期刊子学科的研究主题存在重叠,但也存在差异。这项研究提供了完美主义文献的全景,并强调了在未来的研究工作中可以考虑的经常和不经常探索的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Replication Crisis – Just Another Instance of the Replication of Crises in Psychology? Historical Retrospections and Theoretical-Psychological Assessments 复制危机——心理学中复制危机的又一个例子?历史回顾与理论心理评价
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211033915
W. Maiers
The current dismay within the mainstream of nomological psychology may result from the fact that the anomaly of non-replicability has a direct bearing on its very own methodological requirements and quality criteria of empirical research. The call for more scientific rigour on the customary avenue in order to secure unambiguous empirical findings gives, however, rise to suspect that the deeper reason for this anomaly is not yet recognised: namely, the misguided regulation of a strictly objective inquiry, distorting what is present and relevant in everyday life and treating the ‘subjective’ of the subject matter as the central root of interfering factors which have to be eliminated or neutralised in the pursuit of experimental hypothesis testing. The problems of replicability would thus be a proof once again that the notorious inversion between matter and method does not really work, due to the uncircumventable characteristics of human inter-/subjectivity. In this sense, the replication crisis replicates the perennial topic of all historical discussions about a crisis in psychology – the failure of a ‘psychology without subject’.
目前在法理学心理学主流内部的沮丧可能源于这样一个事实,即不可复制性的异常与其自身的方法要求和实证研究的质量标准直接相关。然而,为了确保明确的实证研究结果,人们呼吁在常规途径上采取更严格的科学方法,这让人怀疑,这种异常现象的更深层次原因尚未被认识到:也就是说,对严格客观调查的错误规范,扭曲了日常生活中存在的和相关的东西,并将主题的“主观”视为干扰因素的中心根源,这些因素必须在追求实验假设检验时被消除或中和。因此,可复制性的问题将再次证明,由于人类主体性不可避免的特征,物质与方法之间臭名昭著的反转并不真正起作用。从这个意义上说,复制危机复制了所有关于心理学危机的历史讨论的永恒主题——“没有主体的心理学”的失败。
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引用次数: 1
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Review of General Psychology
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