Emotion最新文献

Attachment security has the potential to be a protective factor against intrusive symptoms. However, its impact on intrusive symptoms across different types of trauma is not well understood. To address this, we explored how priming interpersonal and place attachment security affects intrusive symptoms in the context of man-made and natural traumatic events. One hundred sixty-five adult participants were randomly assigned to interpersonal or place attachment security priming or a control condition and subsequently watched man-made war or natural disaster films in a lab setting. For the following 7 days, they completed an intrusion diary each day. The results showed that although neither type of attachment security priming immediately alleviated distress following traumatic stimuli, both exerted mitigating effects during the subsequent week: Interpersonal attachment security reduced daily intrusion counts, and place attachment security decreased both intrusion counts and vividness. However, the interaction between man-made trauma and place attachment security priming was associated with worsened daily intrusion-related distress. Under natural disaster conditions, postpriming state attachment security and posttrauma reappraisal mediated the effects of attachment priming on intrusive and traumatic symptoms. This study reveals the varying effects of interpersonal or place attachment priming on intrusive memories in man-made war and natural disaster, demonstrating the impact of attachment security priming in the immediate and short term after viewing trauma films. These findings offer the potential for developing attachment-based interventions tailored to specific trauma types. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emerging evidence suggests inflammation may enhance social approach toward close others. Yet, little is known about how inflammation relates to positive affective experiences with different social targets. To address this, we examined associations between inflammation and perceptions of anticipated and experienced shared, kind-hearted positive affect (i.e., perceived positivity resonance) with close versus non-close others. Participants (N = 55; 67% female; 43% White; M_age = 20.06) provided blood samples on two consecutive days, once before and once after receiving the annual influenza vaccine, which were assayed for levels of the inflammatory marker interleukin-6. They also completed an in-lab writing task about anticipated positivity resonance in social interactions and completed eight momentary assessments of experienced positivity resonance. A divergence emerged between anticipated and experienced positivity resonance, specifically with non-close others: Higher interleukin-6 levels were associated with greater anticipated, but lower experienced, positivity resonance during interactions with non-close others. However, these effects did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and are considered preliminary. Additionally, higher levels of interleukin-6 were related to significantly greater ease imagining interacting with a close other, and a larger quantity of interactions with different close others. These findings provide preliminary evidence that associations between inflammation and positive emotions during social interactions vary as a function of anticipated versus experienced interactions, and as a function of target (close vs. non-close others). Future work is needed to test whether results replicate and generalize to older adults and those with chronically elevated inflammation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Violence exposure has deleterious effects on emotional well-being, including higher rates of future mental illness. Adolescence is an important period of neural development within brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex) that support emotional processes. The relationship between brain activity and emotion may vary with violence exposure. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between violence exposure, stress-elicited brain activity, and emotion in young people. Violence exposure was measured four times from 11 to 19 years of age. Participants (n = 301) returned 1 year later (age = 20) to complete mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress) questionnaires and the Montreal Imaging Stress Task during behavioral (e.g., skin conductance response and cortisol) and neuroimaging data collection. Data were collected from 2004 to 2018. Violence exposure was positively associated with mental health symptoms. Further, violence exposure moderated the relationship between stress-elicited dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and depression, cortisol, and skin conductance response. These findings suggest that violence exposure moderates the relationship between stress-elicited brain function and emotion-related behavior in young people. These findings provide novel insight into neural processes that may underlie the relationship between prior violence exposure and emotional function, which may have important implications for mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

In a pattern known as the positivity effect, older adults tend to prioritize positive over negative information in attention and memory compared to younger adults. Traditional theories attribute this effect to age-related shifts toward positive emotions, and it is typically operationalized as a two-by-two interaction between age (younger vs. older) and valence (negative vs. positive). Alternative accounts, however, suggest that discrete emotions within valence categories may differentially drive the effect. To test this, from June to July 2023, younger adults (n = 101) and older adults (n = 108) completed an emotion-induced blindness task online. In each task trial, an emotional distractor image appeared shortly before a task-relevant target in a rapid stream of images. Emotional distractors depicted scenes of fear, disgust, excitement, contentment, or were emotionally neutral. We measured distraction from the emotional images and found minimal age-related differences between trials with different discrete emotion categories, but the positivity effect was evident when we compared across negative and positive valence categories. These findings suggest that valence, rather than discrete emotions, drives the positivity effect in attention. We discuss insights gained, limitations of our approach, and generalizability of our results to understand age-related changes in emotional prioritization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique context to explore prosociality during times of distress. Indicative of social proficiency and adaptive functioning, prosociality refers to dispositions to allocate one's attention and energy to the needs of others. Emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, may have affected how individuals responded to their distress during the pandemic through varying forms of prosociality. In two samples, we examined how pandemic distress was associated with altruistic (i.e., goals of increasing another's welfare) and egoistic (i.e., goals of increasing one's welfare) prosociality, and whether emotion regulation strategies moderated these associations. Study 1 included 326 adults (M_age = 38.66 years, SD = 14.29; 72.91% White) who responded to an online survey in the first month of the pandemic and showed that pandemic distress was positively associated with egoistic prosociality, and cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with both egoistic and altruistic prosociality. Study 2 included 1,489 undergraduate students (M_age = 19.92 years, SD = 2.28; 53.6% Asian, 33.7% White, 2.0% Native/Indigenous American, 1.8% Black, 5.7% multiracial) who completed the same measures 5-12 months after the start of the pandemic. In addition to direct associations of both pandemic distress and regulation with prosociality, moderation analyses demonstrated that individuals who used more cognitive reappraisal were more likely to engage in egoistic prosociality when experiencing greater pandemic distress. These results demonstrate that pandemic distress is associated with certain forms of prosociality, depending on which emotion regulation strategies are employed during these times of distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotional awareness, consisting of two facets-attention to emotion and emotional clarity-plays a crucial role in psychological distress. This meta-analysis examined the distinct relationships between the two facets of emotional awareness and distress across 307 studies involving 100,612 participants. Results showed that attention to emotion was not significantly associated with distress; however, the association became significant and positive after controlling for emotional clarity. Emotional clarity showed a moderate negative correlation with distress, which remained consistent even after accounting for attention to emotion. These findings suggest that emotional clarity may be essential in reducing psychological distress, while excessive attention to emotion, when not accompanied by emotional clarity, may exacerbate psychological distress. These findings underscore the importance of fostering emotional clarity in interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress by enhancing emotional awareness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Repeated assessments in everyday life allow for ecologically valid data on dynamic, within-person stress processes. However, typical designs offer little information on the immediate shape of affective responses following daily stressors, including the influence of situational and person-level variables. In a combined clinical and community sample (N = 248; recruited between 2016 and 2018), we employed a high-density intensive-longitudinal protocol (observations N = 1,442) to capture the temporal dynamics of affect in response to daily stressful events using a microburst design. Specifically, we implemented an adaptive signal-contingent schedule, where an initial stressor report triggered an intense burst of prompts in 15-min increments over the course of 1 hr inquiring about momentary affect. To model affective microtrajectories, we used multilevel structural equation modeling. A piecewise linear growth model consistently showed the best fit across all indices for both negative and positive affect. Affective responses to momentarily experienced stressors were best captured by a model that allowed for changes in affect trajectories over time (an initial steep decline/increase followed by gradual change), with more stressful situations amplifying these trajectories. Moreover, extraversion significantly influenced the initial rise in positive affect, leading to more pronounced early changes in those with higher levels of extraversion. In contrast, neuroticism had an opposite effect on positive affect, dampening these early changes. Results offer a detailed understanding of daily stress dynamics by providing insights into the immediate and evolving nature of affective responses to stress, with implications for personalized stress management strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Caregiving for a person with dementia is a highly emotional experience and can evoke numerous negative and positive affects. Not surprisingly, dementia caregivers are vulnerable to mood and anxiety disorders. In this study, 95 caregiver-person with dementia dyads had a 10-min, unrehearsed conversation about a relationship conflict in the laboratory between 2013 and 2019. After the conversation, caregivers reported the extent to which they experienced six negative and five positive affects during the conversation. Caregivers also completed self-report measures of their depression and anxiety symptoms. Analyses of caregivers' affect during the conversation revealed that greater sadness was correlated with higher depression, greater fear was correlated with higher anxiety, and greater anger and lower calm were each correlated with both higher depression and anxiety. In two multiple regressions that included the specific affect variables that were significantly correlated with caregiver depression or anxiety, respectively, we found that greater sadness and lower calm (but not anger) remained significantly associated with higher depression and lower calm (but not anger or fear) remained significantly associated with higher anxiety. Finally, when accounting for relevant caregiver demographic factors and person with dementia clinical characteristics, greater sadness and lower calm remained significantly associated with higher depression and lower calm remained significantly associated with higher anxiety. None of the associations between specific affects and depression or anxiety were moderated by caregiver sex or age. The specific affects found to be associated with psychopathology may help identify caregivers at heightened risk for mental health problems and inform selection of potential intervention targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Autobiographical memories, the memories we have of our personal past, change over time as content is forgotten or added to the original memory trace. While decades of research has demonstrated the augmenting effect emotion can have on memory, even memories for very negative experiences seem to be susceptible to change. However, it is unclear whether or not negative emotion in day-to-day life might protect everyday memories from distortion. Here, we examined whether the consistency with which everyday experiences are recalled differs as a function of the emotionality of the event. Participants (N = 513) recalled negative and neutral events from their past at two time points, 8 weeks apart. Using human scoring and large language modeling approaches to quantify the consistency of narrative recalls, we found that, although both negative and neutral memories showed moderate consistency between recalls, memories for negative events were more consistent than memories for neutral events. While emotional memories are not perfect records of the past, this work suggests that emotion reduces a memory's vulnerability to changing over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of social-emotional reorganization involving changes in affect. Most research has examined developmental changes in between-person affect. Few studies have investigated developmental changes in associations between individual emotions and the structure of affective experience in youth across developmental age. This study used exploratory graph analysis to assess developmental changes in emotional complexity using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule administered at three time points from 2007 to 2013 in a three-cohort, accelerated longitudinal design spanning Grades 3 through 12 (N = 682): late childhood, M_age = 9.39, SD = 0.53; early adolescence, M_age = 11.80, SD = 0.67; and middle adolescence, M_age = 14.60, SD = 0.60. Decreases in edge density and entropy and increases in R² were identified across development. In contrast, nonlinear shifts were found for the number of negative edges between affective dimensions and mean absolute error and possible shifts in dimensionality. Results suggest that global network metrics support decreases in emotional complexity from childhood through adolescence, though other indices suggest distinct patterns of change. Implications for research and study limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).