Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101237
Simeng Zhao , Liwei Wang , Chao Li , Zhangxin Hou , Xinping Yang , Hongyan Yang
Fusarium oxysporum-induced Panax ginseng root rot is a devastating disease. The development of effective biocontrol agents is therefore crucial. This study isolated Trichoderma velutinum YW411 from ginseng rhizosphere soil and evaluated its biocontrol efficacy alone and in combination with Penicillium citrinum YW322. Pot experiments demonstrated that single inoculation with T. velutinum significantly inhibited root rot and promoted plant growth. The strain produced siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, and cellulase, but lacked 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and phosphate-solubilizing capacity. Soil pH, total potassium and the activity of the defense-related enzyme lipoxygenase were significantly higher in the T. velutinum-only treatment compared to the co-inoculation treatment. Co-inoculation with P. citrinum altered microbial communities but diminished disease resistance. In vitro assays revealed that T. velutinum growth was inhibited by lipopeptides and other compounds secreted by P. citrinum, thereby reducing the ability of the ginseng rhizosphere biocontrol system with T. velutinum to suppress F. oxysporum spore germination and biomass. These results indicate that T. velutinum YW411 is a promising biocontrol and growth-promoting agent via direct pathogen inhibition, host resistance induction, and rhizosphere environment regulation, but it is incompatible with P. citrinum YW322.
{"title":"A new strain of Trichoderma shows improved biocontrol of Fusarium root rot in ginseng via functional metabolites, defense induction and rhizosphere regulation","authors":"Simeng Zhao , Liwei Wang , Chao Li , Zhangxin Hou , Xinping Yang , Hongyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>-induced <em>Panax ginseng</em> root rot is a devastating disease. The development of effective biocontrol agents is therefore crucial. This study isolated <em>Trichoderma velutinum</em> YW411 from ginseng rhizosphere soil and evaluated its biocontrol efficacy alone and in combination with <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> YW322. Pot experiments demonstrated that single inoculation with <em>T. velutinum</em> significantly inhibited root rot and promoted plant growth. The strain produced siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, and cellulase, but lacked 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and phosphate-solubilizing capacity. Soil pH, total potassium and the activity of the defense-related enzyme lipoxygenase were significantly higher in the <em>T. velutinum</em>-only treatment compared to the co-inoculation treatment. Co-inoculation with <em>P. citrinum</em> altered microbial communities but diminished disease resistance. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed that <em>T. velutinum</em> growth was inhibited by lipopeptides and other compounds secreted by <em>P. citrinum</em>, thereby reducing the ability of the ginseng rhizosphere biocontrol system with <em>T. velutinum</em> to suppress <em>F. oxysporum</em> spore germination and biomass. These results indicate that <em>T. velutinum</em> YW411 is a promising biocontrol and growth-promoting agent via direct pathogen inhibition, host resistance induction, and rhizosphere environment regulation, but it is incompatible with <em>P. citrinum</em> YW322.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101283
AL Fathima , M. Ramkumar , K. Balasubramani , P.D. Roy , Pankaj Kumar , R. Nagarajan , S. Rajveer
Paleosurfaces observed in the Cauvery River Basin (CRB) offer a distinctive archive for understanding the interactions of tectonics, climate and lithology, and reconstructing the evolutionary history of the fluvial landscapes. We have performed field mapping, megascopic, microscopic, mineralogical and radiocarbon geochronological analyses on 31 paleosol/sediment samples from various geomorphic settings to recognise distinct paleosols and their tectono-climatic controls. Geomorphic association and field characteristics, micromorphology, mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, and radiocarbon geochronology identified the occurrences of six distinct paleosol facies types in the CRB: relict, hardpan, rhizolithic, nodular, pisolitic, and vesicular. Radiocarbon ages range from 32,725 ± 136 BP (Upper Pleistocene) to 1293 ± 40 BP (Late Holocene), documenting soil formation under varying hydroclimatic and geomorphic conditions. Paleosols from the Upper Pleistocene have been developed in periods of monsoon weakening and landscape stabilisation, while Early Holocene samples indicate intensified postglacial monsoons and terrace formation. Mid-Holocene paleosols document the 8.2 ka climate event and its aftermath perturbations, and Late Holocene samples demonstrate monsoon weakening associated with the 4.2 ka mega drought event. The stages of the CRB evolution have been identified by micromorphological features such as microcrystalline calcites, ferruginised nodules, root traces, and sparry cementation. These features document six stages of alternating humid and arid pedogenic regimes associated with monsoon variability including, structural inheritance, reversal of drainage and the inception of modern river systems, intensive incision and pedogenesis in the Mio-Pliocene, Quaternary incision and landscape stabilisation, Holocene fluvial progradation, and anthropogenic forcing. The study had also documented the tectonically controlled paleosurfaces/terraces in the middle sub-basins, and predomination of climatological-lithological and other factors in the remaining sub-basins. This study demonstrates that the recognised tectono-climatic controls on pedogenic types and phases, paleosurfaces and their distribution, when linked to climatological oscillations from Dansgaard-Oeschger events to Holocene climate perturbations, along with tectonic and anthropogenic influences, offer a comprehensive framework for correlating the landscape developmental stages of the CRB with regional and other comparable settings.
{"title":"Tectono-climatic controls on episodic paleosurface development in the Cauvery Basin, Southern India: Implications for basin-scale landscape dynamics","authors":"AL Fathima , M. Ramkumar , K. Balasubramani , P.D. Roy , Pankaj Kumar , R. Nagarajan , S. Rajveer","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleosurfaces observed in the Cauvery River Basin (CRB) offer a distinctive archive for understanding the interactions of tectonics, climate and lithology, and reconstructing the evolutionary history of the fluvial landscapes. We have performed field mapping, megascopic, microscopic, mineralogical and radiocarbon geochronological analyses on 31 paleosol/sediment samples from various geomorphic settings to recognise distinct paleosols and their tectono-climatic controls. Geomorphic association and field characteristics, micromorphology, mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, and radiocarbon geochronology identified the occurrences of six distinct paleosol facies types in the CRB: relict, hardpan, rhizolithic, nodular, pisolitic, and vesicular. Radiocarbon ages range from 32,725 ± 136 BP (Upper Pleistocene) to 1293 ± 40 BP (Late Holocene), documenting soil formation under varying hydroclimatic and geomorphic conditions. Paleosols from the Upper Pleistocene have been developed in periods of monsoon weakening and landscape stabilisation, while Early Holocene samples indicate intensified postglacial monsoons and terrace formation. Mid-Holocene paleosols document the 8.2 ka climate event and its aftermath perturbations, and Late Holocene samples demonstrate monsoon weakening associated with the 4.2 ka mega drought event. The stages of the CRB evolution have been identified by micromorphological features such as microcrystalline calcites, ferruginised nodules, root traces, and sparry cementation. These features document six stages of alternating humid and arid pedogenic regimes associated with monsoon variability including, structural inheritance, reversal of drainage and the inception of modern river systems, intensive incision and pedogenesis in the Mio-Pliocene, Quaternary incision and landscape stabilisation, Holocene fluvial progradation, and anthropogenic forcing. The study had also documented the tectonically controlled paleosurfaces/terraces in the middle sub-basins, and predomination of climatological-lithological and other factors in the remaining sub-basins. This study demonstrates that the recognised tectono-climatic controls on pedogenic types and phases, paleosurfaces and their distribution, when linked to climatological oscillations from Dansgaard-Oeschger events to Holocene climate perturbations, along with tectonic and anthropogenic influences, offer a comprehensive framework for correlating the landscape developmental stages of the CRB with regional and other comparable settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils threatens crop safety and ecosystem integrity, driving the need for high-biomass remediation plants. This study investigated the growth responses, physiological adjustments, and Cd accumulation characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red through a 135-day pot experiment under graded Cd stress (0, 1.5, 10, and 25 mg kg−1). The results revealed that P. purpureum cv. Red exhibited a typical “low-promotion and high-inhibition” response pattern and a “root retention–stem buffering” strategy, whereby Cd was primarily immobilized in the root system and further restricted from reaching leaves by enhanced pectin sequestration in stems. Cadmium was predominantly retained in the root system (Translocation factor <0.4). Under high Cd exposure, stem pectin content increased by 77.2%, effectively restricting Cd transfer to photosynthetic tissues. The antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, CAT, POD) was significantly activated, although it provided limited mitigation against high Cd toxicity. Biomass recovery and a “compensatory growth effect” were observed during the later growth stage. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling indicated that internal Cd concentration, rather than the externally applied dose, better explained the physiological and growth responses, highlighting the crucial role of stem cell wall components in Cd sequestration. By day 135, the total Cd accumulation per plant in the high-Cd treatment reached 6.25 mg, demonstrating a balanced combination of moderate Cd accumulation capacity and stable growth.
In summary, P. purpureum cv. Red, with its high biomass production and moderate Cd accumulation capability, shows significant potential for the phytoremediation of moderately Cd-contaminated soils. The coordinated inter-organ defense mechanisms and late-stage compensatory growth offer new insights for the sustainable remediation of agricultural ecosystems in subtropical regions.
{"title":"Physiological adaptations of Pennisetum purpureum cv. red under graded cadmium stress and their ecological implications","authors":"Liuting Zhou , Wei Chu , Xiaoyun Huang , Yafen Wu , Chengran Yu , Deqing Feng , Tao Luo , Xibai Zeng , Xiusheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils threatens crop safety and ecosystem integrity, driving the need for high-biomass remediation plants. This study investigated the growth responses, physiological adjustments, and Cd accumulation characteristics of <em>Pennisetum purpureum</em> cv. Red through a 135-day pot experiment under graded Cd stress (0, 1.5, 10, and 25 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). The results revealed that <em>P</em>. <em>purpureum</em> cv. Red exhibited a typical “low-promotion and high-inhibition” response pattern and a “root retention–stem buffering” strategy, whereby Cd was primarily immobilized in the root system and further restricted from reaching leaves by enhanced pectin sequestration in stems. Cadmium was predominantly retained in the root system (Translocation factor <0.4). Under high Cd exposure, stem pectin content increased by 77.2%, effectively restricting Cd transfer to photosynthetic tissues. The antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, CAT, POD) was significantly activated, although it provided limited mitigation against high Cd toxicity. Biomass recovery and a “compensatory growth effect” were observed during the later growth stage. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling indicated that internal Cd concentration, rather than the externally applied dose, better explained the physiological and growth responses, highlighting the crucial role of stem cell wall components in Cd sequestration. By day 135, the total Cd accumulation per plant in the high-Cd treatment reached 6.25 mg, demonstrating a balanced combination of moderate Cd accumulation capacity and stable growth.</div><div>In summary, <em>P</em>. <em>purpureum</em> cv. Red, with its high biomass production and moderate Cd accumulation capability, shows significant potential for the phytoremediation of moderately Cd-contaminated soils. The coordinated inter-organ defense mechanisms and late-stage compensatory growth offer new insights for the sustainable remediation of agricultural ecosystems in subtropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101229
Ayman Agharabi , Frank Robert Ettensohn , Lhoucine Karrat , Nicolae Har , Lahcen Gourari , Constantin Balica , Cristian Victor Mircescu , Horea Bedelean , Dana Alina Magdas , El Mehdi Jeddi , Ahmed Ntarmouchant
This study investigates calcrete profiles in the Saïs Basin (Fez Plain, Morocco), formed at the top of the Pleistocene fluvial and overbank deposits, with the aim of understanding their origin, formation processes, and paleoclimatic implications. Field observations revealed a vertical succession of carbonate horizons, including chalky, nodular, laminar, and hardpan layers, topped by a pisolithic horizon rich in rhizoliths and brecciated carbonate fragments. X-ray diffraction identified calcite as the dominant mineral, with minor quartz and goethite, indicating detrital input and pedogenic oxidation. Petrographic analysis showed evidence of both diagenetic and pedogenic processes, including calcite recrystallization and iron oxide accumulations near root traces, suggesting alternating dry and wet conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed biogenic structures, including plant tissues and varied calcite morphologies, indicating biological influence on calcite precipitation. Stable isotope signatures for δ13C range from −9.8 to −8.33 ‰VPDB and from −4.8 to −2.52 ‰VPDB for oxygen, suggesting a predominance of C3 plants with small inputs of C4 vegetation and influence of meteoric waters under moderate evaporation. The weak δ13C–δ18O correlation revealed multiple processes involved in calcretes genesis. These calcretes are of pedogenic origin, formed under semi-arid to dry sub-humid climates during Quaternary, offering valuable insights into pedogenic processes and paleoclimatic conditions.
{"title":"Quaternary calcretes in Fez plain, Saïs basin–Morocco: Origin and paleoclimatic implications","authors":"Ayman Agharabi , Frank Robert Ettensohn , Lhoucine Karrat , Nicolae Har , Lahcen Gourari , Constantin Balica , Cristian Victor Mircescu , Horea Bedelean , Dana Alina Magdas , El Mehdi Jeddi , Ahmed Ntarmouchant","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates calcrete profiles in the Saïs Basin (Fez Plain, Morocco), formed at the top of the Pleistocene fluvial and overbank deposits, with the aim of understanding their origin, formation processes, and paleoclimatic implications. Field observations revealed a vertical succession of carbonate horizons, including chalky, nodular, laminar, and hardpan layers, topped by a pisolithic horizon rich in rhizoliths and brecciated carbonate fragments. X-ray diffraction identified calcite as the dominant mineral, with minor quartz and goethite, indicating detrital input and pedogenic oxidation. Petrographic analysis showed evidence of both diagenetic and pedogenic processes, including calcite recrystallization and iron oxide accumulations near root traces, suggesting alternating dry and wet conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed biogenic structures, including plant tissues and varied calcite morphologies, indicating biological influence on calcite precipitation. Stable isotope signatures for δ<sup>13</sup>C range from −9.8 to −8.33 ‰VPDB and from −4.8 to −2.52 ‰VPDB for oxygen, suggesting a predominance of C3 plants with small inputs of C4 vegetation and influence of meteoric waters under moderate evaporation. The weak δ<sup>13</sup>C–δ<sup>18</sup>O correlation revealed multiple processes involved in calcretes genesis. These calcretes are of pedogenic origin, formed under semi-arid to dry sub-humid climates during Quaternary, offering valuable insights into pedogenic processes and paleoclimatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101194
Priti K. Mote , Pratapsingh S. Khapte , Bharati B. Misal , Shruti S. Sarode , Machindra G. Agale , Ganesh S. Shinde , Sushil S. Changan , Vanita N. Salunkhe , K. Sammi Reddy
Flooding, caused by intense rainfall during the rainy season, severely limits tomato productivity. Grafting tomato onto eggplant or wild tomato species can enhance tolerance by combining genetically diverse root systems with high-yielding scion. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrid ‘Aryaman’ was grafted onto thirteen rootstocks from eggplant (S. melongena) and wild tomato species and evaluated under control and ten-day flooding conditions. Significant variation was observed among grafts for growth, physiological, biochemical, fruit quality and yield traits. Eggplant rootstock grafts S.ly/S.me2 and S.ly/S.me3 produced yields two-fold higher under flooding compared to non-grafted tomato, with survival rates of 30 % and 20 %, respectively. In contrast, wild tomato rootstock grafts and non-grafted plants showed complete mortality, resulting in a 90 % yield reduction. The enhanced tolerance of eggplant rootstock grafts is attributed to higher SPAD index, reduced oxidative damage, better plant water status, sustained photosystem II efficiency, and greater root biomass. These results demonstrate that eggplant rootstocks S.me2 and S.me3 mitigate flooding stress through root-mediated mechanisms, enhancing physiological resilience and maintaining tomato yield.
{"title":"Eggplant rootstocks enhance flooding tolerance in grafted tomato compared to wild tomato rootstocks","authors":"Priti K. Mote , Pratapsingh S. Khapte , Bharati B. Misal , Shruti S. Sarode , Machindra G. Agale , Ganesh S. Shinde , Sushil S. Changan , Vanita N. Salunkhe , K. Sammi Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding, caused by intense rainfall during the rainy season, severely limits tomato productivity. Grafting tomato onto eggplant or wild tomato species can enhance tolerance by combining genetically diverse root systems with high-yielding scion. The tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) hybrid ‘Aryaman’ was grafted onto thirteen rootstocks from eggplant (<em>S. melongena</em>) and wild tomato species and evaluated under control and ten-day flooding conditions. Significant variation was observed among grafts for growth, physiological, biochemical, fruit quality and yield traits. Eggplant rootstock grafts <em>S.ly/S.me2</em> and <em>S.ly/S.me3</em> produced yields two-fold higher under flooding compared to non-grafted tomato, with survival rates of 30 % and 20 %, respectively. In contrast, wild tomato rootstock grafts and non-grafted plants showed complete mortality, resulting in a 90 % yield reduction. The enhanced tolerance of eggplant rootstock grafts is attributed to higher SPAD index, reduced oxidative damage, better plant water status, sustained photosystem II efficiency, and greater root biomass. These results demonstrate that eggplant rootstocks <em>S.me2</em> and <em>S.me3</em> mitigate flooding stress through root-mediated mechanisms, enhancing physiological resilience and maintaining tomato yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101196
Shouji Gong , Xiaokui Xie , Riming Wang , Xiujian Li
The structure of soil bacterial communities within mangrove forests has received widespread attention, which can promote the growth of mangroves and material transformation. Despite the recognized significance of mangrove ecosystems, the bacterial composition within artificially restored mangroves remains poorly understood. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of both naturally and artificially restored Kandelia obovata seedlings, utilizing Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technologies. The results revealed that only a small fraction of bacteria were identified in the mangrove rhizosphere soil, with the majority of them remaining uncharacterized. The dominant bacterial taxa identified included Sulfurovum, Actibacter, Woeseia, Desulfatiglans, Halioglobus, Ignavibacterium, Spirochaeta, Sulfurimonas, Prolixibacter, Robiginitalea, and Algoriphagus. Furthermore, marked differences were noted in the abundance of Sulfurovum, Actibacter, Woeseia, Desulfatiglans, Halioglobus, Methanosaeta and Robiginitalea between natural and artificially restored Kandelia obovata seedlings. Spatial network analysis suggested that Sulfurovum, Actibacter, Ignavibacterium, and Desulfatiglans may play important roles in the growth process of Kandelia obovata and are potentially important bacteria for its development. These findlings enhance our understanding of bacterial community structure in mangroves and underscore the potential application of bacteria in mangrove restoration.
{"title":"Key bacterial players in the growth of Kandelia obovata: Insights from rhizosphere soil composition","authors":"Shouji Gong , Xiaokui Xie , Riming Wang , Xiujian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure of soil bacterial communities within mangrove forests has received widespread attention, which can promote the growth of mangroves and material transformation. Despite the recognized significance of mangrove ecosystems, the bacterial composition within artificially restored mangroves remains poorly understood. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of both naturally and artificially restored <em>Kandelia obovata</em> seedlings, utilizing Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technologies. The results revealed that only a small fraction of bacteria were identified in the mangrove rhizosphere soil, with the majority of them remaining uncharacterized. The dominant bacterial taxa identified included <em>Sulfurovum</em>, <em>Actibacter</em>, <em>Woeseia</em>, <em>Desulfatiglans</em>, <em>Halioglobus</em>, <em>Ignavibacterium</em>, <em>Spirochaeta</em>, <em>Sulfurimonas, Prolixibacter</em>, <em>Robiginitalea</em>, and <em>Algoriphagus</em>. Furthermore, marked differences were noted in the abundance of <em>Sulfurovum</em>, <em>Actibacter</em>, <em>Woeseia</em>, <em>Desulfatiglans</em>, <em>Halioglobus</em>, <em>Methanosaeta</em> and <em>Robiginitalea</em> between natural and artificially restored <em>Kandelia obovata</em> seedlings. Spatial network analysis suggested that <em>Sulfurovum</em>, <em>Actibacter</em>, <em>Ignavibacterium</em>, and <em>Desulfatiglans</em> may play important roles in the growth process of <em>Kandelia obovata</em> and are potentially important bacteria for its development. These findlings enhance our understanding of bacterial community structure in mangroves and underscore the potential application of bacteria in mangrove restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101203
Youn Hwa Son , Suejin Park , Chung Ho Ko , Mengmeng Gu , Seung Youn Lee
Amsonia elliptica is valued for its medicinal and ornamental potential. However, it is listed as an endangered species in South Korea due to overharvesting and habitat destruction. This study aimed to develop an efficient protocol for mass vegetative propagation of A. elliptica using stem cuttings. We tested Rootone (0.4 % 1-naphthylacetic acid) and potassium salts of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (K-NAA) applied via basal dip or foliar spray. After six weeks, cuttings treated with 2000 mg L−1 K-NAA showed the best rooting traits, with 93.3 % rooting, 17.5 roots per cutting, and 55.4 mm root length, along with the highest fresh (92.9 mg) and dry root mass (8.8 mg). Dipping cuttings in 2000 mg L−1 K-NAA for 1 min is recommended as the most effective treatment for large-scale propagation of A. elliptica. This optimized propagation method will facilitate the conservation and ornamental use of A. elliptica.
{"title":"Potassium salt of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid promotes rhizogenesis in Amsonia elliptica stem cuttings","authors":"Youn Hwa Son , Suejin Park , Chung Ho Ko , Mengmeng Gu , Seung Youn Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amsonia elliptica</em> is valued for its medicinal and ornamental potential. However, it is listed as an endangered species in South Korea due to overharvesting and habitat destruction. This study aimed to develop an efficient protocol for mass vegetative propagation of <em>A. elliptica</em> using stem cuttings. We tested Rootone (0.4 % 1-naphthylacetic acid) and potassium salts of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (K-NAA) applied via basal dip or foliar spray. After six weeks, cuttings treated with 2000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> K-NAA showed the best rooting traits, with 93.3 % rooting, 17.5 roots per cutting, and 55.4 mm root length, along with the highest fresh (92.9 mg) and dry root mass (8.8 mg). Dipping cuttings in 2000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> K-NAA for 1 min is recommended as the most effective treatment for large-scale propagation of <em>A. elliptica</em>. This optimized propagation method will facilitate the conservation and ornamental use of <em>A. elliptica</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101189
Litao Sun , Jiazhi Shen , Huan Wang , Yujie Song , XiaoJiang Li , Caihong Bi , ShuangShuang Wang , Xiuxiu Xu , Yu Wang , Zhaotang Ding
Plant variety-specific belowground environment shapes rhizosphere microbial communities, yet the mechanisms underlying tea plant (Camellia sinensis) variety-driven microbiome assembly remain unclear. We integrated multispectral phenotyping, soil physicochemical analysis, microbiome sequencing, and root metabolomics, to compare three clonal tea varieties, Zhongcha 108 (ZC), Jinxuan (JX), and Jinmudan (JMD). Results showed that significant differences in canopy phenotypes were observed among tea varieties, as manifested by distinct spectral reflectance and vegetation indices. Microbial community structure differed significantly among all varieties at both phylum and genus levels. ZC enriched photoautotrophic taxa (e.g., Cyanobacteriales, Acetobacteraceae) and saprotrophic fungi. JX favored chemoheterotrophic bacteria (e.g., Oceanobacillus, Brevibacillus) and undefined saprotrophs. JMD enriched bacterial genera like SBR1031 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., Paraglomerales). Soil physicochemical properties were typically at higher levels in JX than that in ZC and JMD, and correlated negatively with bacterial phyla Verrucomicrobiota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, and fungal phylum Glomeromycota. Root metabolites, especially amino acids, sugars, and diterpenoids, were key drivers of microbial assembly. Correlation analysis identified Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes as key bacteria, and Zoopagomycota as key fungus linked to varietal variation of metabolite profiles. Predicted microbial functions revealed that ZC associated with photoautotrophy, JX/JMD with chemoheterotrophy and nutrient cycling. JMD specifically enriched arbuscular mycorrhizal functions. Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed that the drivers of microbial assembly were kingdom-specific. Root metabolites emerged as the dominant factor explaining the variance in bacterial communities. In contrast, the variance in fungal communities was primarily explained by the shared effect of soil properties and root metabolites, indicating a synergistic interaction. Our findings reveal that root metabolites are the dominant factor underlying tea variety-driven assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome, offering microbiome-driven strategies for precision plant breeding and management.
{"title":"Tea varieties modulate rhizosphere microbiome assembly via root metabolite-mediated selection","authors":"Litao Sun , Jiazhi Shen , Huan Wang , Yujie Song , XiaoJiang Li , Caihong Bi , ShuangShuang Wang , Xiuxiu Xu , Yu Wang , Zhaotang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant variety-specific belowground environment shapes rhizosphere microbial communities, yet the mechanisms underlying tea plant (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) variety-driven microbiome assembly remain unclear. We integrated multispectral phenotyping, soil physicochemical analysis, microbiome sequencing, and root metabolomics, to compare three clonal tea varieties, Zhongcha 108 (ZC), Jinxuan (JX), and Jinmudan (JMD). Results showed that significant differences in canopy phenotypes were observed among tea varieties, as manifested by distinct spectral reflectance and vegetation indices. Microbial community structure differed significantly among all varieties at both phylum and genus levels. ZC enriched photoautotrophic taxa (e.g., <em>Cyanobacteriales</em>, <em>Acetobacteraceae</em>) and saprotrophic fungi. JX favored chemoheterotrophic bacteria (e.g., <em>Oceanobacillus</em>, <em>Brevibacillus</em>) and undefined saprotrophs. JMD enriched bacterial genera like <em>SBR1031</em> and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., <em>Paraglomerales</em>). Soil physicochemical properties were typically at higher levels in JX than that in ZC and JMD, and correlated negatively with bacterial phyla Verrucomicrobiota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, and fungal phylum Glomeromycota. Root metabolites, especially amino acids, sugars, and diterpenoids, were key drivers of microbial assembly. Correlation analysis identified Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes as key bacteria, and Zoopagomycota as key fungus linked to varietal variation of metabolite profiles. Predicted microbial functions revealed that ZC associated with photoautotrophy, JX/JMD with chemoheterotrophy and nutrient cycling. JMD specifically enriched arbuscular mycorrhizal functions. Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed that the drivers of microbial assembly were kingdom-specific. Root metabolites emerged as the dominant factor explaining the variance in bacterial communities. In contrast, the variance in fungal communities was primarily explained by the shared effect of soil properties and root metabolites, indicating a synergistic interaction. Our findings reveal that root metabolites are the dominant factor underlying tea variety-driven assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome, offering microbiome-driven strategies for precision plant breeding and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101219
Zhuannan Chu , Mingzhe Cheng , Yuning Sun , Weiwen Li , Dongmei Yin
Drought stress is a key environmental driver that restructures the rhizosphere microbiome, a critical interface for plant-soil-microbe interactions. This study investigates how a gradient of drought stress (control, mild, moderate, severe) alters the assembly and function of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Gongju No. 1’, and how these belowground microbial shifts are linked to aboveground changes in the floral volatile metabolome. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that drought significantly increased microbial richness (Chao1, P < 0.05) and induced a progressive community shift in community composition. The relative abundance of putative plant-beneficial phyla like Actinobacteriota increased, while moisture-sensitive groups like Verrucomicrobiota declined. Concurrently, GC-MS metabolomics revealed a reprogramming of the floral volatile profile, with 25 significantly differential metabolites identified under severe stress. Crucially, correlation analysis uncovered significant associations between specific rhizosphere taxa (e.g., Chryseobacterium, Pseudolabrys) and key volatiles (e.g., (+)-7-epi-sesquiterpene, limonene). Our findings suggest that drought stress triggers a coordinated response where the restructuring of the root-associated microbial community may play a role in modulating the host plant's secondary metabolism, highlighting a potential belowground-aboveground signaling axis. This study suggests that the drought-restructured rhizosphere microbiota, particularly the enrichment of taxa like Chryseobacterium, may play a role in modulating the host plant's secondary metabolism, highlighting a potential microbiome-mediated mechanism for plant adaptation to water deficit.
干旱胁迫是重建根际微生物群的关键环境驱动因素，根际微生物群是植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的关键界面。本研究探讨了干旱胁迫梯度（对照、轻度、中度、重度）如何改变药用植物贡菊1号根际细菌群落的组成和功能，以及这些地下微生物的变化如何与地上植物挥发性代谢组的变化联系在一起。通过16S rRNA基因测序，我们发现干旱显著增加了微生物丰富度（Chao1, P <； 0.05），并导致群落组成的渐进转变。放线菌群等植物有益菌群的相对丰度增加，而Verrucomicrobiota等水分敏感菌群的相对丰度则下降。同时，GC-MS代谢组学揭示了花挥发性谱的重编程，在严重胁迫下鉴定出25种显着差异的代谢物。至关重要的是，相关分析揭示了特定根际分类群（例如，黄杆菌，假细菌）和关键挥发物（例如，(+)-7-表-倍半萜烯，柠檬烯）之间的显著关联。我们的研究结果表明，干旱胁迫引发了一个协调的反应，其中与根相关的微生物群落的重组可能在调节寄主植物的次生代谢中发挥作用，突出了潜在的地下-地上信号轴。该研究表明，干旱重建的根际微生物群，特别是黄杆菌等分类群的富集，可能在调节寄主植物的次生代谢中发挥作用，突出了微生物介导的植物适应水分亏缺的潜在机制。
{"title":"Drought-induced shifts in rhizosphere microbiota correlate with reprogramming of floral volatiles in Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Gongju’","authors":"Zhuannan Chu , Mingzhe Cheng , Yuning Sun , Weiwen Li , Dongmei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is a key environmental driver that restructures the rhizosphere microbiome, a critical interface for plant-soil-microbe interactions. This study investigates how a gradient of drought stress (control, mild, moderate, severe) alters the assembly and function of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant <em>Chrysanthemum morifolium</em> ‘Gongju No. 1’, and how these belowground microbial shifts are linked to aboveground changes in the floral volatile metabolome. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that drought significantly increased microbial richness (Chao1, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and induced a progressive community shift in community composition. The relative abundance of putative plant-beneficial phyla like <em>Actinobacteriota</em> increased, while moisture-sensitive groups like <em>Verrucomicrobiota</em> declined. Concurrently, GC-MS metabolomics revealed a reprogramming of the floral volatile profile, with 25 significantly differential metabolites identified under severe stress. Crucially, correlation analysis uncovered significant associations between specific rhizosphere taxa (e.g., <em>Chryseobacterium</em>, <em>Pseudolabrys</em>) and key volatiles (e.g., (+)-7-epi-sesquiterpene, limonene). Our findings suggest that drought stress triggers a coordinated response where the restructuring of the root-associated microbial community may play a role in modulating the host plant's secondary metabolism, highlighting a potential belowground-aboveground signaling axis. This study suggests that the drought-restructured rhizosphere microbiota, particularly the enrichment of taxa like Chryseobacterium, may play a role in modulating the host plant's secondary metabolism, highlighting a potential microbiome-mediated mechanism for plant adaptation to water deficit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants enhance acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere to adapt to phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, variation in acid phosphatase activity across the first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots in soybean cultivars under low-P conditions remains inadequately explored. We aimed to elucidate the distribution and variation of acid phosphatase activity among these root orders in soybean cultivars with differing tolerance to P deficiency. Four soybean cultivars—two low-P-tolerant (Kuromame and Daizu) and two low-P-sensitive (Natsu and Kumaji)—were grown in Andosol soil under two P treatments: 0 g P kg−1 (−P) and 0.44 g P kg−1 (+P) for 16 and 23 days after transplanting. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots. P deficiency significantly reduced shoot and root dry weight of sensitive cultivars by 52–76 %, whereas tolerant cultivars maintained biomass without significant reduction. Root length of Daizu increased by 40–58 % under −P, while Natsu and Kumaji were 57–69 % shorter compared with +P. Acid phosphatase activity peaked in first-order roots, reaching 3.83 μmol p-NP g−1 soil h−1 in tolerant cultivar. Acid phosphatase activity of tolerant cultivars was strongly induced under −P, increasing 1.6- to 5.7-fold depending on root order. Phosphorus deficiency reduced root P concentration by 48 % and shoot P uptake by 52 % in sensitive cultivars but tolerant cultivars exhibited stable shoot P concentration and uptake. These results demonstrate the importance of root architecture and acid phosphatase activity in improving P acquisition under deficiency stress.
植物通过提高根际酸性磷酸酶活性来适应磷的缺乏。然而，在低磷条件下，大豆品种的一、二、三阶侧根中酸性磷酸酶活性的变化仍未得到充分的研究。本研究旨在阐明不同耐磷性大豆品种酸性磷酸酶活性在这些根目中的分布和变化。4个大豆品种，2个耐低磷品种（黑豆和大祖）和2个低磷敏感品种（那津和熊田），在安土土壤中按0 g P kg - 1 （-P）和0.44 g P kg - 1 （+P）处理，移栽后16和23 d。根际土壤样品采集于一、二、三阶侧根。缺磷使敏感品种的茎、根干重显著降低52 ~ 76%，而耐磷品种的生物量保持不变，但未显著降低。- P处理下，大津的根长增加了40 ~ 58%，而纳津和熊熊地的根长减少了57 ~ 69%。酸性磷酸酶活性在一级根中最高，在耐受性品种中达到3.83 μmol p-NP g−1土壤h−1。酸性磷酸酶活性在−P处理下受到强烈诱导，根据根序的不同，酸性磷酸酶活性提高了1.6 ~ 5.7倍。缺磷使敏感品种的根磷浓度降低48%，地上部磷吸收量降低52%，而耐磷品种的地上部磷浓度和吸收量保持稳定。这些结果表明，根系构型和酸性磷酸酶活性在缺磷胁迫下促进磷获取的重要性。
{"title":"First-order lateral roots drive the highest rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity in soybean under phosphorus deficiency","authors":"Tantriani , Benito Heru Purwanto , Weiguo Cheng , Keitaro Tawaraya","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2025.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants enhance acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere to adapt to phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, variation in acid phosphatase activity across the first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots in soybean cultivars under low-P conditions remains inadequately explored. We aimed to elucidate the distribution and variation of acid phosphatase activity among these root orders in soybean cultivars with differing tolerance to P deficiency. Four soybean cultivars—two low-P-tolerant (Kuromame and Daizu) and two low-P-sensitive (Natsu and Kumaji)—were grown in Andosol soil under two P treatments: 0 g P kg<sup>−1</sup> (−P) and 0.44 g P kg<sup>−1</sup> (+P) for 16 and 23 days after transplanting. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots. P deficiency significantly reduced shoot and root dry weight of sensitive cultivars by 52–76 %, whereas tolerant cultivars maintained biomass without significant reduction. Root length of Daizu increased by 40–58 % under −P, while Natsu and Kumaji were 57–69 % shorter compared with +P. Acid phosphatase activity peaked in first-order roots, reaching 3.83 μmol p-NP g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup> in tolerant cultivar. Acid phosphatase activity of tolerant cultivars was strongly induced under −P, increasing 1.6- to 5.7-fold depending on root order. Phosphorus deficiency reduced root P concentration by 48 % and shoot P uptake by 52 % in sensitive cultivars but tolerant cultivars exhibited stable shoot P concentration and uptake. These results demonstrate the importance of root architecture and acid phosphatase activity in improving P acquisition under deficiency stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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