Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.5.130-141
S. Loose, S. Nelgen
{"title":"State of the German and International Wine Markets","authors":"S. Loose, S. Nelgen","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.5.130-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.5.130-141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.5.67-92
Claudia Hunecke, G. Busch, A. Spiller, Bernhard Brümmer
Das vergangene Jahr wurde von den Vereinten Nationen als Internationales Jahr der Genossenschaften ausgerufen, um auf die Bedeutung dieser Institution für die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung aufmerksam zu machen (DGRV, 2012). In der deutschen und europäischen Milchwirtschaft haben sich Genossenschaften eine dominierende Position erarbeitet (48 verarbeitende Unternehmen in Deutschland (DRV, 2012: 32)). Beispiele für große europäische Molkereigenossenschaften sind das Deutsche Milchkontor (DMK) (D), Arla Foods (DK/SE) oder FrieslandCampina (NL). Aber auch weltweit existieren große Molkereigenossenschaften, wie z. B. Fonterra (NZ) oder die Dairy Farmers of America (USA). Während die deutschen genossenschaftlichen Molkereien vornehmlich auf dem nationalen Markt agieren oder Exportstrategien forcieren, zeigen FrieslandCampina und Arla Foods ein hohes Ausmaß an Direktinvestitionen im Ausland. Deutsche Genossenschaftsmolkereien konzentrieren sich regelmäßig auf die Produktion von Standardprodukten sowie Handelsmarken und streben eine Kostenführerschaft an. Der Innovationserfolg genossenschaftlicher Molkereien ist entsprechend gering (THIELE und MEYN, 2013). Ein prominentes Beispiel für die angesprochene Kostenführerschaftsstrategie stellte in der Vergangenheit die Milchunion Hocheifel (MUH) dar. Der MUH gelang es durch die Konzentration auf das H-Milchsegment und Handelsmarken besonders günstige Kostenstrukturen aufzubauen und ihren landwirtschaftlichen Anteilseignern – im Verhältnis zur Konkurrenz – über Jahre gute Milchpreise auszuzahlen. Seit 2009 ist die bis dato erfolgreiche Strategie der MUH unter Druck geraten. Die Erzeugerpreise gingen im Vergleich zum Wettbewerb zurück (Abbildung 1). Ansteigende Milchmengen konnten nicht mehr zu Preisen vermarktet werden, die ein überdurchschnittliches Auszahlungspreisniveau ermöglichten. Die verarbeitete Milchmenge nahm im Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2010 um 72,2 % zu (MUH, 2012; eigene Berechnung). Da gleichzeitig andere Wettbewerber in das stagnierende H-Milchsegment investierten, zeigten sich Elemente eines Preiskrieges, der das Rentabilitätsniveau bei einem hochspezialisierten Unternehmen wie der MUH gefährdete. Im Ergebnis fusionierte die MUH zum 01. Oktober 2012 mit Arla Foods (LZNET, 2012a). Zusammen verfügen beide Unternehmen über relativ komplementäre Produktionsprogramme, ein breites Portfolio von Marken und Handelsmarkenkontrakten sowie eine starke Position in Skandinavien, Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und Deutschland, sodass eine größere Risikostreuung bei Schwankungen in der Rentabilität verschiedener Verwertungsrichtungen gewährleistet ist. Letztlich zeigt das Beispiel der MUH die strategischen Schwächen vieler deutscher genossenschaftlichen Molkereien, die – nicht zuletzt aufgrund von Bedenken ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Anteilseigner (HELLBERG-BAHR et al., 2012a) – bisher nicht hinreichend internationalisiert und diversifiziert sind. Die ökonomische Forschung zu den Schwächen der genossens
{"title":"Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse im Jahr 2019","authors":"Claudia Hunecke, G. Busch, A. Spiller, Bernhard Brümmer","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.5.67-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.5.67-92","url":null,"abstract":"Das vergangene Jahr wurde von den Vereinten Nationen als Internationales Jahr der Genossenschaften ausgerufen, um auf die Bedeutung dieser Institution für die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung aufmerksam zu machen (DGRV, 2012). In der deutschen und europäischen Milchwirtschaft haben sich Genossenschaften eine dominierende Position erarbeitet (48 verarbeitende Unternehmen in Deutschland (DRV, 2012: 32)). Beispiele für große europäische Molkereigenossenschaften sind das Deutsche Milchkontor (DMK) (D), Arla Foods (DK/SE) oder FrieslandCampina (NL). Aber auch weltweit existieren große Molkereigenossenschaften, wie z. B. Fonterra (NZ) oder die Dairy Farmers of America (USA). Während die deutschen genossenschaftlichen Molkereien vornehmlich auf dem nationalen Markt agieren oder Exportstrategien forcieren, zeigen FrieslandCampina und Arla Foods ein hohes Ausmaß an Direktinvestitionen im Ausland. Deutsche Genossenschaftsmolkereien konzentrieren sich regelmäßig auf die Produktion von Standardprodukten sowie Handelsmarken und streben eine Kostenführerschaft an. Der Innovationserfolg genossenschaftlicher Molkereien ist entsprechend gering (THIELE und MEYN, 2013). Ein prominentes Beispiel für die angesprochene Kostenführerschaftsstrategie stellte in der Vergangenheit die Milchunion Hocheifel (MUH) dar. Der MUH gelang es durch die Konzentration auf das H-Milchsegment und Handelsmarken besonders günstige Kostenstrukturen aufzubauen und ihren landwirtschaftlichen Anteilseignern – im Verhältnis zur Konkurrenz – über Jahre gute Milchpreise auszuzahlen. Seit 2009 ist die bis dato erfolgreiche Strategie der MUH unter Druck geraten. Die Erzeugerpreise gingen im Vergleich zum Wettbewerb zurück (Abbildung 1). Ansteigende Milchmengen konnten nicht mehr zu Preisen vermarktet werden, die ein überdurchschnittliches Auszahlungspreisniveau ermöglichten. Die verarbeitete Milchmenge nahm im Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2010 um 72,2 % zu (MUH, 2012; eigene Berechnung). Da gleichzeitig andere Wettbewerber in das stagnierende H-Milchsegment investierten, zeigten sich Elemente eines Preiskrieges, der das Rentabilitätsniveau bei einem hochspezialisierten Unternehmen wie der MUH gefährdete. Im Ergebnis fusionierte die MUH zum 01. Oktober 2012 mit Arla Foods (LZNET, 2012a). Zusammen verfügen beide Unternehmen über relativ komplementäre Produktionsprogramme, ein breites Portfolio von Marken und Handelsmarkenkontrakten sowie eine starke Position in Skandinavien, Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und Deutschland, sodass eine größere Risikostreuung bei Schwankungen in der Rentabilität verschiedener Verwertungsrichtungen gewährleistet ist. Letztlich zeigt das Beispiel der MUH die strategischen Schwächen vieler deutscher genossenschaftlichen Molkereien, die – nicht zuletzt aufgrund von Bedenken ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Anteilseigner (HELLBERG-BAHR et al., 2012a) – bisher nicht hinreichend internationalisiert und diversifiziert sind. Die ökonomische Forschung zu den Schwächen der genossens","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"67-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83495265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.1.19-30
Julia Höhler, S. Mohr, Annelotte Piper
The choice of location is a complex decision-making problem. Particularly in the food industry, other factors, such as the public perception of the sector, are playing an increasingly important role in addition to the known location factors. As part of an expert survey, 70 experts from four areas of the food industry were asked to assess various location factors. The survey results were used in a structural equation model to determine the relevance of the various influencing factors for the perceived attractiveness of the location. The perception of (or in) the public proves to be a particularly important determinant.
{"title":"Determinanten der Standortattraktivität Deutschlands für die Ernährungswirtschaft – Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung","authors":"Julia Höhler, S. Mohr, Annelotte Piper","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.1.19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.1.19-30","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of location is a complex decision-making problem. Particularly in the food industry, other factors, such as the public perception of the sector, are playing an increasingly important role in addition to the known location factors. As part of an expert survey, 70 experts from four areas of the food industry were asked to assess various location factors. The survey results were used in a structural equation model to determine the relevance of the various influencing factors for the perceived attractiveness of the location. The perception of (or in) the public proves to be a particularly important determinant.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82770206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.1.64-79
Annelotte Piper
Befragungsergebnisse können aufgrund einer Vielzahl von Effekten systematisch verzerrt sein. Gleichzeitig spielen sie häufig eine entscheidende Rolle in der politischen Entscheidungsfindung. Hieraus ergibt sich kein Problem, solange bei der Durchführung und Interpretation von Befragungen effektive Verzerrungsvermeidungsstrategien Anwendung finden. Im Falle der sozialen Erwünschtheit ist dies in der Regel nicht zu erkennen. Werden auf Basis sozial erwünscht verzerrter Befragungsergebnisse Politikentscheidungen getroffen, kommt es zu Fehlallokationen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt anhand von Kontrollskalen für das Beispiel des Nutztierwohls, dass die „Citizen-Consumer-Gap“ auf Soziale Erwünschtheit in bisherigen Verbraucherstudien zurückgeführt werden kann. Deren Ergebnisse sollten demnach nicht vorbehaltlos als Grundlage für unternehmerische und politische Investitionsentscheidungen dienen. Ergänzend werden weitere Ursachen für die nutztierwohlbezogene Citizen-Consumer-Gap analysiert.
{"title":"Verzerrte Studienergebnisse als Grundlage für politische Entscheidungen? Eine Analyse am Beispiel des Nutztierwohls","authors":"Annelotte Piper","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.1.64-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.1.64-79","url":null,"abstract":"Befragungsergebnisse können aufgrund einer Vielzahl von Effekten systematisch verzerrt sein. Gleichzeitig spielen sie häufig eine entscheidende Rolle in der politischen Entscheidungsfindung. Hieraus ergibt sich kein Problem, solange bei der Durchführung und Interpretation von Befragungen effektive Verzerrungsvermeidungsstrategien Anwendung finden. Im Falle der sozialen Erwünschtheit ist dies in der Regel nicht zu erkennen. Werden auf Basis sozial erwünscht verzerrter Befragungsergebnisse Politikentscheidungen getroffen, kommt es zu Fehlallokationen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt anhand von Kontrollskalen für das Beispiel des Nutztierwohls, dass die „Citizen-Consumer-Gap“ auf Soziale Erwünschtheit in bisherigen Verbraucherstudien zurückgeführt werden kann. Deren Ergebnisse sollten demnach nicht vorbehaltlos als Grundlage für unternehmerische und politische Investitionsentscheidungen dienen. Ergänzend werden weitere Ursachen für die nutztierwohlbezogene Citizen-Consumer-Gap analysiert.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"64-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82767070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.1.49-63
T. Vollmer
Futures contracts are extensively used by commer-cial market participants to hedge commodities against the risk of adverse price fluctuations. But although farmers have faced increased volatility in commodity prices in recent years, only very few of them actively use hedging as a risk management instrument. In this article we analyze the hedging potential of the Euronext milling wheat futures market for German farmers based on the estimation of optimal static as well as optimal dynamic hedge ratios. We find that both hedging approximately one year and half a year before harvesting leads to a reduction in the variance of returns compared with unhedged portfolios. But this risk minimization is achieved at the cost of lower returns on average. In addition we find that margin calls might be one of the reasons why so few farmers hedge since they cause liquidity problems especially in marketing years with unanticipated price shocks.
{"title":"The Optimal Wheat Futures Hedge at the Euronext Paris from a Farmer’s Perspective","authors":"T. Vollmer","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.1.49-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.1.49-63","url":null,"abstract":"Futures contracts are extensively used by commer-cial market participants to hedge commodities against the risk of adverse price fluctuations. But although farmers have faced increased volatility in commodity prices in recent years, only very few of them actively use hedging as a risk management instrument. In this article we analyze the hedging potential of the Euronext milling wheat futures market for German farmers based on the estimation of optimal static as well as optimal dynamic hedge ratios. We find that both hedging approximately one year and half a year before harvesting leads to a reduction in the variance of returns compared with unhedged portfolios. But this risk minimization is achieved at the cost of lower returns on average. In addition we find that margin calls might be one of the reasons why so few farmers hedge since they cause liquidity problems especially in marketing years with unanticipated price shocks.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"44 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88383159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.1.31-48
P. Richartz, Lukas Kornher, A. Abdulai
In this article, we apply a choice experiment meth-od to examine consumers’ preferences for online food product attributes, using survey data for German consumers for meat products. We use both mixed logit and latent class models to analyze preference heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity, as well as endogenous attribute attendance models to account for consumers’ attribute processing strategies. The empirical results reveal significant heterogeneity in preferences for online meat attributes among consumers. We also find that consumers’ willingness to pay estimates are highly influenced by their attribute processing strategies.
{"title":"Attribute Non-Attendance and Consumer Preferences for Online Food Products in Germany","authors":"P. Richartz, Lukas Kornher, A. Abdulai","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.1.31-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.1.31-48","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we apply a choice experiment meth-od to examine consumers’ preferences for online food product attributes, using survey data for German consumers for meat products. We use both mixed logit and latent class models to analyze preference heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity, as well as endogenous attribute attendance models to account for consumers’ attribute processing strategies. The empirical results reveal significant heterogeneity in preferences for online meat attributes among consumers. We also find that consumers’ willingness to pay estimates are highly influenced by their attribute processing strategies.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"31-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88107680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.30430/69.2020.2.143-168
Y. Jafari, W. Britz, Hasan Dudu, R. Roson, M. Sartori
In recent years, reducing food waste and loss has become a policy priority in the European Union, but little is known about impacts of related measures in the EU and beyond. This study informs the debate on food waste reduction through a quantitative analysis. It considers adjustment costs for reducing food waste in food processing industries and impacts on food availability, pressure on land and water and other environmental consequences. The results suggest that the leakage effects of global trade may offset almost all benefits of food waste reduction in the EU. We thus conclude that costly efforts to reduce food waste in the EU cannot be motivated by larger contributions to global food availability and environmental benefits. This highlights the need for global coordination of such policies and/or more targeted actions in the EU which focus on specific production chains, where losses can be reduced and environmental gains obtained at a relatively low cost.
{"title":"Can Food Waste Reduction in Europe Help to Increase Food Availability and Reduce Pressure on Natural Resources Globally?","authors":"Y. Jafari, W. Britz, Hasan Dudu, R. Roson, M. Sartori","doi":"10.30430/69.2020.2.143-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30430/69.2020.2.143-168","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, reducing food waste and loss has become a policy priority in the European Union, but little is known about impacts of related measures in the EU and beyond. This study informs the debate on food waste reduction through a quantitative analysis. It considers adjustment costs for reducing food waste in food processing industries and impacts on food availability, pressure on land and water and other environmental consequences. The results suggest that the leakage effects of global trade may offset almost all benefits of food waste reduction in the EU. We thus conclude that costly efforts to reduce food waste in the EU cannot be motivated by larger contributions to global food availability and environmental benefits. This highlights the need for global coordination of such policies and/or more targeted actions in the EU which focus on specific production chains, where losses can be reduced and environmental gains obtained at a relatively low cost.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75441040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The price increases on agricultural land markets over the last decade have triggered a debate about land as an attractive investment opportunity for agricultural and non-agricultural investors. In a static environment, the rent-price ratio provides a first indicator of the profitability of an investment in land. In this paper, we apply the dynamic Gordon growth model to Western Germany and decompose the rent-price ratio into the expected present values of rental growth rates, real interest rates, and a land premium, i.e., the excess return on investment. This analysis reveals that the recent price surge on agricultural land markets was not unprecedented; that the land market rent-price ratio is rather low and varies considerably among federal states; and that (expected) premia for land are mostly negative. Finally, we find that changing expected present values of returns on land investments are the major driver for land price volatility.
{"title":"What Moves the German Land Market? A Decomposition of the Land Rent-Price Ratio","authors":"Jana Plogmann, O. Musshoff, M. Odening, M. Ritter","doi":"10.18452/19486.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18452/19486.2","url":null,"abstract":"The price increases on agricultural land markets over the last decade have triggered a debate about land as an attractive investment opportunity for agricultural and non-agricultural investors. In a static environment, the rent-price ratio provides a first indicator of the profitability of an investment in land. In this paper, we apply the dynamic Gordon growth model to Western Germany and decompose the rent-price ratio into the expected present values of rental growth rates, real interest rates, and a land premium, i.e., the excess return on investment. This analysis reveals that the recent price surge on agricultural land markets was not unprecedented; that the land market rent-price ratio is rather low and varies considerably among federal states; and that (expected) premia for land are mostly negative. Finally, we find that changing expected present values of returns on land investments are the major driver for land price volatility.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food demand elasticities are crucial parameters in the calibration of simulation models used to assess the impacts of political reforms or to analyse long-term projections, notably in agricultural sectors. Numerous estimates of these parameters are now available in the economic literature. The main objectives of this work are twofold: we seek first to identify general patterns characterizing the demand elasticities of food products and second to identify the main sources of heterogeneity between the elasticity estimates available in the literature. To achieve these objectives, we conduct a broad literature review of food demand elasticity estimates and perform a meta-regression analysis. Our results reveal the important impacts of income levels on income and price elasticities both at the country (gross domestic product-GDP) and household levels: the higher the income is, the lower the level of elasticities. Food demand responses to changes in income and prices appear to follow different patterns depending on the global regions involved apart from any income level consideration. From a methodological viewpoint, the functional forms used to represent food demand are found to significantly affect elasticity estimates. This result sheds light on the importance of the specification of demand functions, and particularly of their flexibility, in simulation models.
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Price and Income Elasticities of Food Demand","authors":"F. Féménia","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.287544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.287544","url":null,"abstract":"Food demand elasticities are crucial parameters in the calibration of simulation models used to assess the impacts of political reforms or to analyse long-term projections, notably in agricultural sectors. Numerous estimates of these parameters are now available in the economic literature. The main objectives of this work are twofold: we seek first to identify general patterns characterizing the demand elasticities of food products and second to identify the main sources of heterogeneity between the elasticity estimates available in the literature. To achieve these objectives, we conduct a broad literature review of food demand elasticity estimates and perform a meta-regression analysis. Our results reveal the important impacts of income levels on income and price elasticities both at the country (gross domestic product-GDP) and household levels: the higher the income is, the lower the level of elasticities. Food demand responses to changes in income and prices appear to follow different patterns depending on the global regions involved apart from any income level consideration. From a methodological viewpoint, the functional forms used to represent food demand are found to significantly affect elasticity estimates. This result sheds light on the importance of the specification of demand functions, and particularly of their flexibility, in simulation models.","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"117 1","pages":"77-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical coordination in the meat supply chain-The effects of (Unlabeled) private standards for animal welfare","authors":"J. Höhler, R. Kühl","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.303545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.303545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48919,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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