首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship最新文献

英文 中文
Validating two shortened versions of the fitness switching cost scale 验证健身转换成本标度的两个缩短版本
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0114
Kyungyeol Kim, Senyung Lee

Purpose

Although the fitness switching costs scale (FSCS) was shown to have sound psychometric properties, the length of the 54-item may impose burdens on survey participants and present methodological and analytic challenges for researchers and practitioners. Therefore, the present study shortened and validated two versions of the FSCS, namely the 33-item FSCS (FSCS-33) and the 11-item FSCS (FSCS-11).

Design/methodology/approach

In Study 1 (n = 411), the most useful items from the FSCS for the FSCS-33 and FSCS-11 were identified using item response theory (IRT). Study 2 (n = 391) and Study 3 (n = 400) assessed the psychometric properties of the FSCS-33 and FSCS-11, respectively, using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The FSCS-33 and FSCS-11 demonstrated strong reliability and validity in assessing switching costs in fitness centers.

Originality/value

The psychometrically sound short-form scales provide researchers and practitioners with convenient and accurate means of measuring switching costs in fitness centers.

目的 虽然健身转换成本量表(FSCS)已被证明具有良好的心理测量特性,但 54 个项目的长度可能会给调查参与者造成负担,并给研究人员和从业人员带来方法学和分析方面的挑战。因此,本研究缩短并验证了两个版本的 FSCS,即 33 个项目的 FSCS(FSCS-33)和 11 个项目的 FSCS(FSCS-11)。在研究 1(n = 411)中,使用项目反应理论(IRT)确定了 FSCS-33 和 FSCS-11 中最有用的项目。研究 2(n = 391)和研究 3(n = 400)使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型分别评估了 FSCS-33 和 FSCS-11 的心理测量特性。原创性/价值心理测量学上可靠的短式量表为研究人员和从业人员提供了测量健身中心转换成本的便捷而准确的方法。
{"title":"Validating two shortened versions of the fitness switching cost scale","authors":"Kyungyeol Kim, Senyung Lee","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0114","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Although the fitness switching costs scale (FSCS) was shown to have sound psychometric properties, the length of the 54-item may impose burdens on survey participants and present methodological and analytic challenges for researchers and practitioners. Therefore, the present study shortened and validated two versions of the FSCS, namely the 33-item FSCS (FSCS-33) and the 11-item FSCS (FSCS-11).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>In Study 1 (<em>n</em> = 411), the most useful items from the FSCS for the FSCS-33 and FSCS-11 were identified using item response theory (IRT). Study 2 (<em>n</em> = 391) and Study 3 (<em>n</em> = 400) assessed the psychometric properties of the FSCS-33 and FSCS-11, respectively, using partial least squares structural equation modeling.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The FSCS-33 and FSCS-11 demonstrated strong reliability and validity in assessing switching costs in fitness centers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The psychometrically sound short-form scales provide researchers and practitioners with convenient and accurate means of measuring switching costs in fitness centers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fan conflict or complement? Exploring the intersection of sports betting and team loyalty 球迷冲突还是互补?探索体育博彩与球队忠诚度的交叉点
Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-07-2023-0138
Brendan Dwyer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was (1) to examine the underexplored intersection of sports betting and favorite team loyalty, and (2) to assess differences in gambling behavior among sport bettors by varying levels of team loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 1,555 National Football League (NFL) bettors and non-betting NFL fans were surveyed to assess media consumption across a mix of team loyalty attitudes and betting behaviors.

Findings

Statistically significant differences were found between four types of NFL fans (casual, team loyalty-dominant, betting-dominant and hybrid) as it relates to media consumption in various forms. Most notably, the results suggested symbiosis between the activities.

Research limitations/implications

The symbiosis finding, though preliminary, suggests the activity provides an additional platform for consumers to connect with spectator sport. Furthermore, the act of betting, like participation in fantasy sports, appears to spur consumption of the NFL product generally. The study, however, was limited to NFL fans, did not specify the method for sports betting, nor the intensity of gambling.

Practical implications

Teams should not worry that betting detracts from fan engagement with the team product. Also, leagues and media providers should continue to highlight betting content as participants consume at higher rates than non-participating sports fans.

Social implications

Team fandom may potentially moderate problem behavior among bettors. The betting results indicate being a loyal team fan lowers one’s gambling spend per month and largest bet compared to non-loyal bettors. However, the hybrid fan showed significantly higher media consumption levels.

Originality/value

Sports fans have more opportunities to interact and engage with their favorite games than ever before. However, consumers have limited amounts of time and money, and this study is one of the first to examine differences in fan interests and behaviors related to sport betting and team loyalty and the resulting viewership and consumption behavior.

本文的目的是:(1) 研究体育博彩与最喜爱球队忠诚度之间尚未得到充分探索的交叉点;(2) 评估不同球队忠诚度的体育博彩者在博彩行为上的差异。调查结果显示,四种类型的 NFL 球迷(临时球迷、球队忠诚主导型球迷、博彩主导型球迷和混合型球迷)在各种形式的媒体消费方面存在显著差异。最值得注意的是,研究结果表明这些活动之间存在共生关系。研究局限性/影响共生关系的发现虽然是初步的,但表明该活动为消费者提供了一个额外的平台来与体育观众建立联系。此外,投注行为与参与梦幻体育一样,似乎普遍刺激了对 NFL 产品的消费。然而,这项研究仅限于 NFL 球迷,没有明确说明体育博彩的方式和赌博的强度。此外,联赛和媒体提供商应继续突出投注内容,因为参与者的消费率高于非参与者。社会意义球队的忠诚度可能会缓和投注者的问题行为。博彩结果表明,与非忠实博彩者相比,忠实的球队球迷会降低每月的博彩支出和最大投注额。原创性/价值体育迷比以往任何时候都有更多机会与他们喜爱的游戏互动和接触。然而,消费者的时间和金钱都是有限的,本研究是首次研究球迷在体育博彩和球队忠诚度方面的兴趣和行为差异,以及由此产生的观看和消费行为的研究之一。
{"title":"Fan conflict or complement? Exploring the intersection of sports betting and team loyalty","authors":"Brendan Dwyer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-07-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-07-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The purpose of this paper was (1) to examine the underexplored intersection of sports betting and favorite team loyalty, and (2) to assess differences in gambling behavior among sport bettors by varying levels of team loyalty.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A total of 1,555 National Football League (NFL) bettors and non-betting NFL fans were surveyed to assess media consumption across a mix of team loyalty attitudes and betting behaviors.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Statistically significant differences were found between four types of NFL fans (casual, team loyalty-dominant, betting-dominant and hybrid) as it relates to media consumption in various forms. Most notably, the results suggested symbiosis between the activities.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The symbiosis finding, though preliminary, suggests the activity provides an additional platform for consumers to connect with spectator sport. Furthermore, the act of betting, like participation in fantasy sports, appears to spur consumption of the NFL product generally. The study, however, was limited to NFL fans, did not specify the method for sports betting, nor the intensity of gambling.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Teams should not worry that betting detracts from fan engagement with the team product. Also, leagues and media providers should continue to highlight betting content as participants consume at higher rates than non-participating sports fans.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Social implications</h3>\u0000<p>Team fandom may potentially moderate problem behavior among bettors. The betting results indicate being a loyal team fan lowers one’s gambling spend per month and largest bet compared to non-loyal bettors. However, the hybrid fan showed significantly higher media consumption levels.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Sports fans have more opportunities to interact and engage with their favorite games than ever before. However, consumers have limited amounts of time and money, and this study is one of the first to examine differences in fan interests and behaviors related to sport betting and team loyalty and the resulting viewership and consumption behavior.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine learning prediction of factors affecting Major League Baseball (MLB) game attendance: algorithm comparisons and macroeconomic factor of unemployment 影响美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)比赛上座率因素的机器学习预测:算法比较和宏观经济失业因素
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129
Juho Park, Junghwan Cho, Alex C. Gang, Hyun-Woo Lee, Paul M. Pedersen
PurposeThis study aims to identify an automated machine learning algorithm with high accuracy that sport practitioners can use to identify the specific factors for predicting Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance. Furthermore, by predicting spectators for each league (American League and National League) and division in MLB, the authors will identify the specific factors that increase accuracy, discuss them and provide implications for marketing strategies for academics and practitioners in sport.Design/methodology/approachThis study used six years of daily MLB game data (2014–2019). All data were collected as predictors, such as game performance, weather and unemployment rate. Also, the attendance rate was obtained as an observation variable. The Random Forest, Lasso regression models and XGBoost were used to build the prediction model, and the analysis was conducted using Python 3.7.FindingsThe RMSE value was 0.14, and the R2 was 0.62 as a consequence of fine-tuning the tuning parameters of the XGBoost model, which had the best performance in forecasting the attendance rate. The most influential variables in the model are “Rank” of 0.247 and “Day of the week”, “Home team” and “Day/Night game” were shown as influential variables in order. The result was shown that the “Unemployment rate”, as a macroeconomic factor, has a value of 0.06 and weather factors were a total value of 0.147.Originality/valueThis research highlights unemployment rate as a determinant affecting MLB game attendance rates. Beyond contextual elements such as climate, the findings of this study underscore the significance of economic factors, particularly unemployment rates, necessitating further investigation into these factors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of game attendance.
目的 本研究旨在找出一种准确率较高的自动机器学习算法,供体育从业人员用来确定预测美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)观众人数的具体因素。此外,通过预测 MLB 各联盟(美国联盟和国家联盟)和分区的观众人数,作者将确定提高准确性的具体因素,并对其进行讨论,为体育界的学者和从业人员提供营销策略方面的启示。设计/方法/途径本研究使用了六年的 MLB 每日比赛数据(2014-2019 年)。所有数据均作为预测因子收集,如比赛表现、天气和失业率。此外,还获得了上座率作为观测变量。结果由于微调了 XGBoost 模型的调整参数,RMSE 值为 0.14,R2 为 0.62,该模型在预测上座率方面表现最佳。模型中影响最大的变量是 "排名",为 0.247,影响最大的变量依次是 "星期"、"主队 "和 "日/夜场"。结果显示,作为宏观经济因素的 "失业率 "的影响值为 0.06,天气因素的总影响值为 0.147。除了气候等环境因素外,本研究的结果还强调了经济因素(尤其是失业率)的重要性,因此有必要对这些因素进行进一步调查,以便更全面地了解比赛上座率。
{"title":"Machine learning prediction of factors affecting Major League Baseball (MLB) game attendance: algorithm comparisons and macroeconomic factor of unemployment","authors":"Juho Park, Junghwan Cho, Alex C. Gang, Hyun-Woo Lee, Paul M. Pedersen","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to identify an automated machine learning algorithm with high accuracy that sport practitioners can use to identify the specific factors for predicting Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance. Furthermore, by predicting spectators for each league (American League and National League) and division in MLB, the authors will identify the specific factors that increase accuracy, discuss them and provide implications for marketing strategies for academics and practitioners in sport.Design/methodology/approachThis study used six years of daily MLB game data (2014–2019). All data were collected as predictors, such as game performance, weather and unemployment rate. Also, the attendance rate was obtained as an observation variable. The Random Forest, Lasso regression models and XGBoost were used to build the prediction model, and the analysis was conducted using Python 3.7.FindingsThe RMSE value was 0.14, and the R2 was 0.62 as a consequence of fine-tuning the tuning parameters of the XGBoost model, which had the best performance in forecasting the attendance rate. The most influential variables in the model are “Rank” of 0.247 and “Day of the week”, “Home team” and “Day/Night game” were shown as influential variables in order. The result was shown that the “Unemployment rate”, as a macroeconomic factor, has a value of 0.06 and weather factors were a total value of 0.147.Originality/valueThis research highlights unemployment rate as a determinant affecting MLB game attendance rates. Beyond contextual elements such as climate, the findings of this study underscore the significance of economic factors, particularly unemployment rates, necessitating further investigation into these factors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of game attendance.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine learning prediction of factors affecting Major League Baseball (MLB) game attendance: algorithm comparisons and macroeconomic factor of unemployment 影响美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)比赛上座率因素的机器学习预测:算法比较和宏观经济失业因素
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129
Juho Park, Junghwan Cho, Alex C. Gang, Hyun-Woo Lee, Paul M. Pedersen
PurposeThis study aims to identify an automated machine learning algorithm with high accuracy that sport practitioners can use to identify the specific factors for predicting Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance. Furthermore, by predicting spectators for each league (American League and National League) and division in MLB, the authors will identify the specific factors that increase accuracy, discuss them and provide implications for marketing strategies for academics and practitioners in sport.Design/methodology/approachThis study used six years of daily MLB game data (2014–2019). All data were collected as predictors, such as game performance, weather and unemployment rate. Also, the attendance rate was obtained as an observation variable. The Random Forest, Lasso regression models and XGBoost were used to build the prediction model, and the analysis was conducted using Python 3.7.FindingsThe RMSE value was 0.14, and the R2 was 0.62 as a consequence of fine-tuning the tuning parameters of the XGBoost model, which had the best performance in forecasting the attendance rate. The most influential variables in the model are “Rank” of 0.247 and “Day of the week”, “Home team” and “Day/Night game” were shown as influential variables in order. The result was shown that the “Unemployment rate”, as a macroeconomic factor, has a value of 0.06 and weather factors were a total value of 0.147.Originality/valueThis research highlights unemployment rate as a determinant affecting MLB game attendance rates. Beyond contextual elements such as climate, the findings of this study underscore the significance of economic factors, particularly unemployment rates, necessitating further investigation into these factors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of game attendance.
目的 本研究旨在找出一种准确率较高的自动机器学习算法,供体育从业人员用来确定预测美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)观众人数的具体因素。此外,通过预测 MLB 各联盟(美国联盟和国家联盟)和分区的观众人数,作者将确定提高准确性的具体因素,并对其进行讨论,为体育界的学者和从业人员提供营销策略方面的启示。设计/方法/途径本研究使用了六年的 MLB 每日比赛数据(2014-2019 年)。所有数据均作为预测因子收集,如比赛表现、天气和失业率。此外,还获得了上座率作为观测变量。结果由于微调了 XGBoost 模型的调整参数,RMSE 值为 0.14,R2 为 0.62,该模型在预测上座率方面表现最佳。模型中影响最大的变量是 "排名",为 0.247,影响最大的变量依次是 "星期"、"主队 "和 "日/夜场"。结果显示,作为宏观经济因素的 "失业率 "的影响值为 0.06,天气因素的总影响值为 0.147。除了气候等环境因素外,本研究的结果还强调了经济因素(尤其是失业率)的重要性,因此有必要对这些因素进行进一步调查,以便更全面地了解比赛上座率。
{"title":"Machine learning prediction of factors affecting Major League Baseball (MLB) game attendance: algorithm comparisons and macroeconomic factor of unemployment","authors":"Juho Park, Junghwan Cho, Alex C. Gang, Hyun-Woo Lee, Paul M. Pedersen","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0129","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to identify an automated machine learning algorithm with high accuracy that sport practitioners can use to identify the specific factors for predicting Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance. Furthermore, by predicting spectators for each league (American League and National League) and division in MLB, the authors will identify the specific factors that increase accuracy, discuss them and provide implications for marketing strategies for academics and practitioners in sport.Design/methodology/approachThis study used six years of daily MLB game data (2014–2019). All data were collected as predictors, such as game performance, weather and unemployment rate. Also, the attendance rate was obtained as an observation variable. The Random Forest, Lasso regression models and XGBoost were used to build the prediction model, and the analysis was conducted using Python 3.7.FindingsThe RMSE value was 0.14, and the R2 was 0.62 as a consequence of fine-tuning the tuning parameters of the XGBoost model, which had the best performance in forecasting the attendance rate. The most influential variables in the model are “Rank” of 0.247 and “Day of the week”, “Home team” and “Day/Night game” were shown as influential variables in order. The result was shown that the “Unemployment rate”, as a macroeconomic factor, has a value of 0.06 and weather factors were a total value of 0.147.Originality/valueThis research highlights unemployment rate as a determinant affecting MLB game attendance rates. Beyond contextual elements such as climate, the findings of this study underscore the significance of economic factors, particularly unemployment rates, necessitating further investigation into these factors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of game attendance.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Categorizing behavioral and formed concepts in sports marketing research 体育营销研究中的行为和形成概念分类
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188
Tobias Müller, Florian Schuberth, Jörg Henseler
PurposeSports marketing and sponsorship research is located at the intersection of behavioral and design research, which means that it analyzes the current world and shapes a future world. This dual focus poses challenges for formulating and testing theories of sports marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis article develops criteria for categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed as different ways of expressing ideas of sports marketing research. It emphasizes the need for clear concept categorization for proper operationalization and applies these criteria to selected theoretical concepts of sports marketing and sponsorship research.FindingsThe study defines three criteria to categorize theoretical concepts, namely (1) the guiding idea of research, (2) the role of observed variables, and (3) the relationship among observed variables. Applying these criteria to concepts of sports marketing research manifests the relevance of categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed to operationalize concepts correctly.Originality/valueThis study is the first in sports marketing to clearly categorize theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed, and to formulate guidelines on how to differentiate behavioral concepts from formed concepts.
目的体育营销和赞助研究位于行为研究和设计研究的交叉点,这意味着它既分析当前世界,又塑造未来世界。设计/方法学/方法本文制定了将理论概念分为行为概念和形成概念的标准,作为表达体育营销研究观点的不同方式。研究结果本研究定义了三个理论概念分类标准,即(1)研究的指导思想;(2)观察变量的作用;(3)观察变量之间的关系。将这些标准应用于体育营销研究的概念,体现了将理论概念划分为行为概念或形成概念以正确操作概念的相关性。原创性/价值本研究首次在体育营销领域将理论概念明确划分为行为概念或形成概念,并就如何区分行为概念和形成概念制定了指导原则。
{"title":"Categorizing behavioral and formed concepts in sports marketing research","authors":"Tobias Müller, Florian Schuberth, Jörg Henseler","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeSports marketing and sponsorship research is located at the intersection of behavioral and design research, which means that it analyzes the current world and shapes a future world. This dual focus poses challenges for formulating and testing theories of sports marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis article develops criteria for categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed as different ways of expressing ideas of sports marketing research. It emphasizes the need for clear concept categorization for proper operationalization and applies these criteria to selected theoretical concepts of sports marketing and sponsorship research.FindingsThe study defines three criteria to categorize theoretical concepts, namely (1) the guiding idea of research, (2) the role of observed variables, and (3) the relationship among observed variables. Applying these criteria to concepts of sports marketing research manifests the relevance of categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed to operationalize concepts correctly.Originality/valueThis study is the first in sports marketing to clearly categorize theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed, and to formulate guidelines on how to differentiate behavioral concepts from formed concepts.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"294 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elite versus grassroots sports events sponsorship in China: an exploration of sponsors’ motives and objectives 中国精英体育赛事赞助与草根体育赛事赞助:赞助商动机与目标探讨
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065
Qian Wang, Stéphan Fuchs, Guillaume Bodet
PurposeThis study explores the motives and objectives of sports sponsorship in China, taking into account the sports, social and cultural contexts. It also adopts a comparative approach to examine the sponsorship of elite and grassroots sports events in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine companies sponsoring elite and/or grassroots sports events in Western China. The data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsIn China, sponsors are frequently driven to sponsor elite sport events by a sense of obligation and responsibility to the country, whereas their motives to sponsor grassroots sport events is primarily influenced by sincerity and goodwill. Chinese companies consider brand awareness, exposure and the relationship with the government and authorities as key factors for sponsorship, and use sponsorship to achieve market-related objectives.Originality/valueCompanies’ sponsorship motives and objectives have received significant attention in the literature, but mainly in Western countries. In the context of China, this study identifies how sponsors utilize social networks to shape their motives and objectives. It also reveals certain patterns common with the current literature, as well as specificities such as how the roles of the government and authorities are linked to the contingent economic and social context of the country. Furthermore, the differences between elite and grassroots sports events sponsorship are explained.
目的 本研究结合体育、社会和文化背景,探讨中国体育赞助的动机和目标。本研究采用定性研究方法,对赞助中国西部精英和/或草根体育赛事的九家公司的代表进行了半结构化访谈。研究结果在中国,赞助商赞助精英体育赛事往往是出于对国家的义务和责任感,而赞助草根体育赛事的动机则主要受到诚意和善意的影响。中国企业将品牌知名度、曝光率以及与政府和主管部门的关系视为赞助的关键因素,并通过赞助来实现与市场相关的目标。在中国,本研究明确了赞助商如何利用社交网络来塑造其动机和目标。本研究还揭示了与当前文献相同的某些模式,以及一些特殊性,如政府和当局的角色如何与国家的经济和社会背景相联系。此外,还解释了精英体育赛事赞助与草根体育赛事赞助之间的差异。
{"title":"Elite versus grassroots sports events sponsorship in China: an exploration of sponsors’ motives and objectives","authors":"Qian Wang, Stéphan Fuchs, Guillaume Bodet","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study explores the motives and objectives of sports sponsorship in China, taking into account the sports, social and cultural contexts. It also adopts a comparative approach to examine the sponsorship of elite and grassroots sports events in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine companies sponsoring elite and/or grassroots sports events in Western China. The data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsIn China, sponsors are frequently driven to sponsor elite sport events by a sense of obligation and responsibility to the country, whereas their motives to sponsor grassroots sport events is primarily influenced by sincerity and goodwill. Chinese companies consider brand awareness, exposure and the relationship with the government and authorities as key factors for sponsorship, and use sponsorship to achieve market-related objectives.Originality/valueCompanies’ sponsorship motives and objectives have received significant attention in the literature, but mainly in Western countries. In the context of China, this study identifies how sponsors utilize social networks to shape their motives and objectives. It also reveals certain patterns common with the current literature, as well as specificities such as how the roles of the government and authorities are linked to the contingent economic and social context of the country. Furthermore, the differences between elite and grassroots sports events sponsorship are explained.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elite versus grassroots sports events sponsorship in China: an exploration of sponsors’ motives and objectives 中国精英体育赛事赞助与草根体育赛事赞助:赞助商动机与目标探讨
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065
Qian Wang, Stéphan Fuchs, Guillaume Bodet
PurposeThis study explores the motives and objectives of sports sponsorship in China, taking into account the sports, social and cultural contexts. It also adopts a comparative approach to examine the sponsorship of elite and grassroots sports events in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine companies sponsoring elite and/or grassroots sports events in Western China. The data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsIn China, sponsors are frequently driven to sponsor elite sport events by a sense of obligation and responsibility to the country, whereas their motives to sponsor grassroots sport events is primarily influenced by sincerity and goodwill. Chinese companies consider brand awareness, exposure and the relationship with the government and authorities as key factors for sponsorship, and use sponsorship to achieve market-related objectives.Originality/valueCompanies’ sponsorship motives and objectives have received significant attention in the literature, but mainly in Western countries. In the context of China, this study identifies how sponsors utilize social networks to shape their motives and objectives. It also reveals certain patterns common with the current literature, as well as specificities such as how the roles of the government and authorities are linked to the contingent economic and social context of the country. Furthermore, the differences between elite and grassroots sports events sponsorship are explained.
目的 本研究结合体育、社会和文化背景,探讨中国体育赞助的动机和目标。本研究采用定性研究方法,对赞助中国西部精英和/或草根体育赛事的九家公司的代表进行了半结构化访谈。研究结果在中国,赞助商赞助精英体育赛事往往是出于对国家的义务和责任感,而赞助草根体育赛事的动机则主要受到诚意和善意的影响。中国企业将品牌知名度、曝光率以及与政府和主管部门的关系视为赞助的关键因素,并通过赞助来实现与市场相关的目标。在中国,本研究明确了赞助商如何利用社交网络来塑造其动机和目标。本研究还揭示了与当前文献相同的某些模式,以及一些特殊性,如政府和当局的角色如何与国家的经济和社会背景相联系。此外,还解释了精英体育赛事赞助与草根体育赛事赞助之间的差异。
{"title":"Elite versus grassroots sports events sponsorship in China: an exploration of sponsors’ motives and objectives","authors":"Qian Wang, Stéphan Fuchs, Guillaume Bodet","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-04-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study explores the motives and objectives of sports sponsorship in China, taking into account the sports, social and cultural contexts. It also adopts a comparative approach to examine the sponsorship of elite and grassroots sports events in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine companies sponsoring elite and/or grassroots sports events in Western China. The data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsIn China, sponsors are frequently driven to sponsor elite sport events by a sense of obligation and responsibility to the country, whereas their motives to sponsor grassroots sport events is primarily influenced by sincerity and goodwill. Chinese companies consider brand awareness, exposure and the relationship with the government and authorities as key factors for sponsorship, and use sponsorship to achieve market-related objectives.Originality/valueCompanies’ sponsorship motives and objectives have received significant attention in the literature, but mainly in Western countries. In the context of China, this study identifies how sponsors utilize social networks to shape their motives and objectives. It also reveals certain patterns common with the current literature, as well as specificities such as how the roles of the government and authorities are linked to the contingent economic and social context of the country. Furthermore, the differences between elite and grassroots sports events sponsorship are explained.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"142 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Categorizing behavioral and formed concepts in sports marketing research 体育营销研究中的行为和形成概念分类
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188
Tobias Müller, Florian Schuberth, Jörg Henseler
PurposeSports marketing and sponsorship research is located at the intersection of behavioral and design research, which means that it analyzes the current world and shapes a future world. This dual focus poses challenges for formulating and testing theories of sports marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis article develops criteria for categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed as different ways of expressing ideas of sports marketing research. It emphasizes the need for clear concept categorization for proper operationalization and applies these criteria to selected theoretical concepts of sports marketing and sponsorship research.FindingsThe study defines three criteria to categorize theoretical concepts, namely (1) the guiding idea of research, (2) the role of observed variables, and (3) the relationship among observed variables. Applying these criteria to concepts of sports marketing research manifests the relevance of categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed to operationalize concepts correctly.Originality/valueThis study is the first in sports marketing to clearly categorize theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed, and to formulate guidelines on how to differentiate behavioral concepts from formed concepts.
目的体育营销和赞助研究位于行为研究和设计研究的交叉点,这意味着它既分析当前世界,又塑造未来世界。设计/方法学/方法本文制定了将理论概念分为行为概念和形成概念的标准,作为表达体育营销研究观点的不同方式。研究结果本研究定义了三个理论概念分类标准,即(1)研究的指导思想;(2)观察变量的作用;(3)观察变量之间的关系。将这些标准应用于体育营销研究的概念,体现了将理论概念划分为行为概念或形成概念以正确操作概念的相关性。原创性/价值本研究首次在体育营销领域将理论概念明确划分为行为概念或形成概念,并就如何区分行为概念和形成概念制定了指导原则。
{"title":"Categorizing behavioral and formed concepts in sports marketing research","authors":"Tobias Müller, Florian Schuberth, Jörg Henseler","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-10-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeSports marketing and sponsorship research is located at the intersection of behavioral and design research, which means that it analyzes the current world and shapes a future world. This dual focus poses challenges for formulating and testing theories of sports marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis article develops criteria for categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed as different ways of expressing ideas of sports marketing research. It emphasizes the need for clear concept categorization for proper operationalization and applies these criteria to selected theoretical concepts of sports marketing and sponsorship research.FindingsThe study defines three criteria to categorize theoretical concepts, namely (1) the guiding idea of research, (2) the role of observed variables, and (3) the relationship among observed variables. Applying these criteria to concepts of sports marketing research manifests the relevance of categorizing theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed to operationalize concepts correctly.Originality/valueThis study is the first in sports marketing to clearly categorize theoretical concepts as either behavioral or formed, and to formulate guidelines on how to differentiate behavioral concepts from formed concepts.","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transforming sport consumption: exploring motivated sport fans innovativeness in the context of AR live sport streaming 改变体育消费:探索 AR 体育直播背景下体育迷的创新动力
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-09-2023-0180
Sungkyung Kim, Argyro Elisavet Manoli

Purpose

This study delves into the psychological processes underlying sport fans' post-purchase innovativeness behaviour. This exploratory research aims to establish a theoretical framework that elucidates the formation of sport fans' word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviours, particularly emphasising the structural relationship between motivated consumer innovativeness and satisfaction in using AR live-streaming services.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilising an online survey and convenience sampling, the study garnered a total of 243 usable responses from three online baseball fan communities in South Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the psychometric properties of the constructs. Subsequently, a structural equation model was used to probe the influence of motivated consumer innovativeness on WOM, with a particular focus on the mediating role of satisfaction.

Findings

Three dimensions of motivated sport fans innovativeness – functional, hedonic and cognitive – showed a positive association with WOM, partly mediated by satisfaction. In contrast, socially motivated sport fans innovativeness did not directly lead to WOM but influenced it solely through satisfaction. The full mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between socially motivated fans innovativeness and WOM was found.

Originality/value

This research stands out as one of the scant studies exploring motivated sport fans innovativeness in the context of AR live sport streaming. The findings not only corroborate but also augment the extant literature by empirically confirming that three dimensions of motivated fans innovativeness, coupled with satisfaction, are pivotal antecedents to WOM intention.

目的 本研究探讨了体育迷购买后创新行为的心理过程。本探索性研究旨在建立一个理论框架,以阐明体育迷口碑(WOM)行为的形成,尤其是强调消费者创新动机与使用 AR 直播服务的满意度之间的结构关系。设计/方法/途径本研究采用在线调查和便利抽样的方法,从韩国的三个在线棒球迷社区共获得 243 份可用回复。研究采用了确认性因子分析来评估构念的心理测量特性。研究结果体育迷创新动机的三个维度--功能性、享乐性和认知性--与 WOM 呈正相关,部分受满意度的影响。与此相反,社会动机型体育迷的创新性并不直接导致 WOM,而是完全通过满意度对其产生影响。满意度在社会动机型体育迷的创新性与 WOM 之间的关系中起着完全的中介作用。原创性/价值这项研究是探索 AR 体育直播背景下体育迷创新性的少数研究之一。研究结果通过实证证实,体育迷创新动机的三个维度以及满意度是 WOM 意向的关键前因,这不仅印证了现有文献,而且也是对现有文献的扩充。
{"title":"Transforming sport consumption: exploring motivated sport fans innovativeness in the context of AR live sport streaming","authors":"Sungkyung Kim, Argyro Elisavet Manoli","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-09-2023-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-09-2023-0180","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study delves into the psychological processes underlying sport fans' post-purchase innovativeness behaviour. This exploratory research aims to establish a theoretical framework that elucidates the formation of sport fans' word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviours, particularly emphasising the structural relationship between motivated consumer innovativeness and satisfaction in using AR live-streaming services.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Utilising an online survey and convenience sampling, the study garnered a total of 243 usable responses from three online baseball fan communities in South Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the psychometric properties of the constructs. Subsequently, a structural equation model was used to probe the influence of motivated consumer innovativeness on WOM, with a particular focus on the mediating role of satisfaction.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Three dimensions of motivated sport fans innovativeness – functional, hedonic and cognitive – showed a positive association with WOM, partly mediated by satisfaction. In contrast, socially motivated sport fans innovativeness did not directly lead to WOM but influenced it solely through satisfaction. The full mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between socially motivated fans innovativeness and WOM was found.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This research stands out as one of the scant studies exploring motivated sport fans innovativeness in the context of AR live sport streaming. The findings not only corroborate but also augment the extant literature by empirically confirming that three dimensions of motivated fans innovativeness, coupled with satisfaction, are pivotal antecedents to WOM intention.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dimensions and outcomes of experiential quality in the fitness industry: the case of Turkey 健身行业体验质量的维度和结果:土耳其案例
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0130
Ali Sevilmiş, Mehmet Doğan, Pablo Gálvez-Ruiz, Jerónimo García-Fernández

Purpose

The user experience during the use of activities and services is a fundamental aspect for sports managers and can provide a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of experiential quality and the relationship of this construct with customer trust and customer satisfaction in achieving behavioral intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 322 gym users in Turkey participated. A two-step approach was used to test both the model and the research hypotheses [confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM)].

Findings

The interaction quality, physical environmental quality, outcome quality and enjoyment quality were positively related to experiential quality. Similarly, the experimental quality was positively related to customer satisfaction and customer trust. Finally, customer satisfaction was related to behavioral intentions.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence about the importance of experiential quality to gain a competitive advantage in the context of fitness centers.

目的 用户在使用活动和服务过程中的体验是体育管理者的一个基本方面,可以提供竞争优势。本研究旨在确定体验质量的维度,以及该维度与客户信任度和客户满意度在实现行为意向方面的关系。研究结果互动质量、物理环境质量、结果质量和享受质量与体验质量呈正相关。同样,实验质量与顾客满意度和顾客信任度呈正相关。原创性/价值本研究提供了经验证据,证明了体验质量对于健身中心获得竞争优势的重要性。
{"title":"Dimensions and outcomes of experiential quality in the fitness industry: the case of Turkey","authors":"Ali Sevilmiş, Mehmet Doğan, Pablo Gálvez-Ruiz, Jerónimo García-Fernández","doi":"10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-2023-0130","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The user experience during the use of activities and services is a fundamental aspect for sports managers and can provide a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of experiential quality and the relationship of this construct with customer trust and customer satisfaction in achieving behavioral intention.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 322 gym users in Turkey participated. A two-step approach was used to test both the model and the research hypotheses [confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM)].</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The interaction quality, physical environmental quality, outcome quality and enjoyment quality were positively related to experiential quality. Similarly, the experimental quality was positively related to customer satisfaction and customer trust. Finally, customer satisfaction was related to behavioral intentions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study provides empirical evidence about the importance of experiential quality to gain a competitive advantage in the context of fitness centers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":501000,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1