Myles Robinson, Bailey Taube-Adams, Samantha Kang, Andy Dong
Abstract Models of long-term product innovation depict the trajectory of products through an evolutionary selection metaphor in which product designs converge toward a dominant design. The product innovation literature favors trajectory descriptions based on the physical architecture of products while neglecting to account for the functional architecture. This paper offers a new way to explain the life cycle of product innovation by identifying motifs that describe a product's functions. Functional motifs are recurrent function blocks across multiple generations of designs for a product. A collection of functional motifs defines the functional architecture of the product. Using some key examples from innovations in sewing machines, the paper illustrates the occurrence of motifs as the basis for detecting the emergence of a dominant design. Patents related to the sewing machine over 177 years are analyzed to identify functional motifs characterizing the evolution and convergence toward a dominant design. Results show that motifs do not change over long periods once a dominant design emerges, even though components continue to change. This observation confirms a view of dominant designs as a technological frame but refutes the notion that design no longer matters in the era of incremental change. These motifs refine our understanding of how designs evolve along a particular path over the course of product innovation.
{"title":"A Functional Perspective on the Emergence of Dominant Designs","authors":"Myles Robinson, Bailey Taube-Adams, Samantha Kang, Andy Dong","doi":"10.1115/1.4064043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Models of long-term product innovation depict the trajectory of products through an evolutionary selection metaphor in which product designs converge toward a dominant design. The product innovation literature favors trajectory descriptions based on the physical architecture of products while neglecting to account for the functional architecture. This paper offers a new way to explain the life cycle of product innovation by identifying motifs that describe a product's functions. Functional motifs are recurrent function blocks across multiple generations of designs for a product. A collection of functional motifs defines the functional architecture of the product. Using some key examples from innovations in sewing machines, the paper illustrates the occurrence of motifs as the basis for detecting the emergence of a dominant design. Patents related to the sewing machine over 177 years are analyzed to identify functional motifs characterizing the evolution and convergence toward a dominant design. Results show that motifs do not change over long periods once a dominant design emerges, even though components continue to change. This observation confirms a view of dominant designs as a technological frame but refutes the notion that design no longer matters in the era of incremental change. These motifs refine our understanding of how designs evolve along a particular path over the course of product innovation.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"96 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Mabey, Tevin J. Dickerson, John Salmon, Christopher Mattson
Abstract There is a growing demand for sustainable products and systems. Sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and economic aspects, often referred to as the three pillars of sustainability. To make more sustainable design decisions, engineers need tools to predict the environmental, social, and economic impacts of products and characterize potential sustainability trade-offs. To predict the total impact of a product, the quantity of functional units of the product in society and impact of each product needs to be estimated. This article uses agent-based modeling (ABM), combined with tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA), to predict impacts across all three pillars of sustainability. Using the product impact results the multidimensional sustainability tradespace can be characterized. The approach described in this article is based on three main components for the predictive modeling of product impacts and the characterization of the sustainability trade space, i) ABM of product adoption, ii) the assessment of product impacts, and iii) an approach for the characterization of product sustainability trade-offs at the population level. The tradespace characterization uses a Pareto-based method presented visually to find the non-dominated solutions in the product impact space. To illustrate and describe how to use the method, a case study is presented that predicts the impact of residential solar panels in a region of the United States under various scenarios. The findings of the case study can help policy makers understand suitable implementation strategies for residential solar panels while considering the impact trade-offs involved.
{"title":"An Approach for Predicting Social, Environmental, and Economic Product Impacts and Characterizing the Associated Sustainability Tradespace in Engineering Design","authors":"Christopher Mabey, Tevin J. Dickerson, John Salmon, Christopher Mattson","doi":"10.1115/1.4064041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a growing demand for sustainable products and systems. Sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and economic aspects, often referred to as the three pillars of sustainability. To make more sustainable design decisions, engineers need tools to predict the environmental, social, and economic impacts of products and characterize potential sustainability trade-offs. To predict the total impact of a product, the quantity of functional units of the product in society and impact of each product needs to be estimated. This article uses agent-based modeling (ABM), combined with tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA), to predict impacts across all three pillars of sustainability. Using the product impact results the multidimensional sustainability tradespace can be characterized. The approach described in this article is based on three main components for the predictive modeling of product impacts and the characterization of the sustainability trade space, i) ABM of product adoption, ii) the assessment of product impacts, and iii) an approach for the characterization of product sustainability trade-offs at the population level. The tradespace characterization uses a Pareto-based method presented visually to find the non-dominated solutions in the product impact space. To illustrate and describe how to use the method, a case study is presented that predicts the impact of residential solar panels in a region of the United States under various scenarios. The findings of the case study can help policy makers understand suitable implementation strategies for residential solar panels while considering the impact trade-offs involved.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"95 12s4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive study that focuses on the techno-economic analysis of co-located wind and hydrogen energy integration within an Integrated Energy System (IES). The research investigates four distinct cases, each exploring various configurations of wind farms, electrolyzers, batteries, hydrogen storage tanks, and fuel cells. To obtain optimal results, the study employs a sophisticated mathematical optimization model formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. This model helps determine the most suitable component sizes and hourly energy scheduling patterns. The research utilizes historical meteorological data and wholesale market prices from diverse regions as inputs, enhancing the study's applicability and relevance across different geographical locations. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are conducted to assess the impact of hydrogen prices, regional wind profiles, and potential future fluctuations in component prices. These analyses provide valuable insights into the robustness and flexibility of the proposed IES configurations under varying market conditions and uncertainties. The findings reveal cost-effective system configurations, strategic component selections, and implications of future energy scenarios. Specifically comparing to configurations that only have wind and battery combinations, we find that incorporating an electrolyzer results in a 7% reduction in the total cost of the IES, and utilizing hydrogen as the storage medium for fuel cells leads to a 26% cost reduction. Additionally, the IES with hybrid hydrogen and battery energy storage achieves even higher and stable power output. This research facilitates decision-making, risk mitigation, and optimized investment strategies, fostering sustainable planning for a resilient and environmentally friendly energy future.
{"title":"Towards Sustainable Integration: Techno-Economic Analysis and Future Perspectives of Co-located Wind and Hydrogen Energy Systems","authors":"Honglin Li, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063971","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive study that focuses on the techno-economic analysis of co-located wind and hydrogen energy integration within an Integrated Energy System (IES). The research investigates four distinct cases, each exploring various configurations of wind farms, electrolyzers, batteries, hydrogen storage tanks, and fuel cells. To obtain optimal results, the study employs a sophisticated mathematical optimization model formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. This model helps determine the most suitable component sizes and hourly energy scheduling patterns. The research utilizes historical meteorological data and wholesale market prices from diverse regions as inputs, enhancing the study's applicability and relevance across different geographical locations. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are conducted to assess the impact of hydrogen prices, regional wind profiles, and potential future fluctuations in component prices. These analyses provide valuable insights into the robustness and flexibility of the proposed IES configurations under varying market conditions and uncertainties. The findings reveal cost-effective system configurations, strategic component selections, and implications of future energy scenarios. Specifically comparing to configurations that only have wind and battery combinations, we find that incorporating an electrolyzer results in a 7% reduction in the total cost of the IES, and utilizing hydrogen as the storage medium for fuel cells leads to a 26% cost reduction. Additionally, the IES with hybrid hydrogen and battery energy storage achieves even higher and stable power output. This research facilitates decision-making, risk mitigation, and optimized investment strategies, fostering sustainable planning for a resilient and environmentally friendly energy future.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anurag Bhattacharyya, Jinyoung Kim, Lee R Alacoque, Kai James
Abstract Smart materials provide a means with which we can create engineered mechanisms that artificially mimic the adaptability, flexibility and responsiveness found in biological systems. Previous studies have developed material-based actuators that could produce targeted shape changes. Here we extend this capability by introducing a novel computational and experimental method for design and synthesis of a material-based mechanism capable of achieving complex pre-programmed motion. By combining active and passive materials, the algorithm can encode the desired movement into the material distribution of the mechanism. We use multimaterial, multiphysics topology optimization to design a set of kinematic elements that exhibit basic bending and torsional deflection modes. We then use a genetic algorithm to optimally arrange these elements into a sequence that produces the desired motion. We also use experimental measurements to accurately characterize the angular deflection of the 3D printed kinematic elements in response to thermomechanical loading. We demonstrate this new capability by de novo design of a 3D printed self-tying knot. This method advances a new paradigm in mechanism design that could enable a new generation of material-driven machines that are lightweight, adaptable, robust to damage, and easily manufacturable by 3D printing.
{"title":"Design Synthesis of a 4D-Printed Self-Tying Knot with Programmable Morphology","authors":"Anurag Bhattacharyya, Jinyoung Kim, Lee R Alacoque, Kai James","doi":"10.1115/1.4063970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063970","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smart materials provide a means with which we can create engineered mechanisms that artificially mimic the adaptability, flexibility and responsiveness found in biological systems. Previous studies have developed material-based actuators that could produce targeted shape changes. Here we extend this capability by introducing a novel computational and experimental method for design and synthesis of a material-based mechanism capable of achieving complex pre-programmed motion. By combining active and passive materials, the algorithm can encode the desired movement into the material distribution of the mechanism. We use multimaterial, multiphysics topology optimization to design a set of kinematic elements that exhibit basic bending and torsional deflection modes. We then use a genetic algorithm to optimally arrange these elements into a sequence that produces the desired motion. We also use experimental measurements to accurately characterize the angular deflection of the 3D printed kinematic elements in response to thermomechanical loading. We demonstrate this new capability by de novo design of a 3D printed self-tying knot. This method advances a new paradigm in mechanism design that could enable a new generation of material-driven machines that are lightweight, adaptable, robust to damage, and easily manufacturable by 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"6 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Serpentine flexures offer several advantages for use in linear motion mechanisms, including distributed compliance to reduce stress and increase range of motion. In this work, we develop an analytical model for predicting the moment, vertical deflection, and maximum stress experienced in serpentine flexures in response to an input vertical force. Two classes of serpentines are introduced and modeled with linear motion boundary conditions enforced. Finite element analysis demonstrates a mean model error of 0.86% for these metrics across many flexure topologies. Experimental testing is performed to validate the force-deflection response of three steel serpentine compliant mechanisms. The model is able to predict the experimental stiffness data with a mean error at yield of 5.3%, compared to 6.5% with finite element analysis. Large displacement simulations show the model could remain below 10% error for deflections 3-7 times beyond the mechanisms' deflection at yield. Finally, the model's utility is demonstrated in the design of a novel single-piece compliant fracture fixation plate that leverages serpentine flexures to deliver controlled axial motion for long bone secondary healing. Model-derived stress-equivalent flexures are compared in their transverse and torsional rigidity. The proposed model and specific findings can be leveraged to design linear motion mechanisms that incorporate serpentine flexures across a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Modeling Stiffness and Stress in Serpentine Flexures for Use in a Compliant Bone Plate","authors":"Connor Huxman, Jared Butler","doi":"10.1115/1.4063967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Serpentine flexures offer several advantages for use in linear motion mechanisms, including distributed compliance to reduce stress and increase range of motion. In this work, we develop an analytical model for predicting the moment, vertical deflection, and maximum stress experienced in serpentine flexures in response to an input vertical force. Two classes of serpentines are introduced and modeled with linear motion boundary conditions enforced. Finite element analysis demonstrates a mean model error of 0.86% for these metrics across many flexure topologies. Experimental testing is performed to validate the force-deflection response of three steel serpentine compliant mechanisms. The model is able to predict the experimental stiffness data with a mean error at yield of 5.3%, compared to 6.5% with finite element analysis. Large displacement simulations show the model could remain below 10% error for deflections 3-7 times beyond the mechanisms' deflection at yield. Finally, the model's utility is demonstrated in the design of a novel single-piece compliant fracture fixation plate that leverages serpentine flexures to deliver controlled axial motion for long bone secondary healing. Model-derived stress-equivalent flexures are compared in their transverse and torsional rigidity. The proposed model and specific findings can be leveraged to design linear motion mechanisms that incorporate serpentine flexures across a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Understanding design processes and behaviors is important for building more effective design outcomes. During design tasks, teams exhibit sequences of actions that form strategies. This paper investigates patterns of design actions in a paired parameter design experiment to discover design strategies that influence outcomes. The analysis uses secondary data from a design experiment in which each pair completes a series of simplified cooperative parameter design tasks to minimize completion time. Analysis of 192 task observations uses exploratory factor analysis to identify design strategies and regression analysis to evaluate their impacts on performance outcomes. The paper finds large actions and high action size variability significantly increase completion times, leading to poor performance outcomes. Whereas results show that frequently changing input controllers within and among designers significantly reduces completion times, leading to higher performance outcomes. Discussion states that larger actions can introduce unexpected errors, while smaller and consistent actions enhance designers' understanding of the effects of each action, aiding in better planning for subsequent steps. Frequent controller switching reflects effective communication and understanding within design teams, which is crucial for cooperative tasks.
{"title":"Identification of Design Strategies and Their Effects on Performance Outcomes in Pair Parameter Design Tasks","authors":"Alkim Avsar, Paul Grogan","doi":"10.1115/1.4063972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063972","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding design processes and behaviors is important for building more effective design outcomes. During design tasks, teams exhibit sequences of actions that form strategies. This paper investigates patterns of design actions in a paired parameter design experiment to discover design strategies that influence outcomes. The analysis uses secondary data from a design experiment in which each pair completes a series of simplified cooperative parameter design tasks to minimize completion time. Analysis of 192 task observations uses exploratory factor analysis to identify design strategies and regression analysis to evaluate their impacts on performance outcomes. The paper finds large actions and high action size variability significantly increase completion times, leading to poor performance outcomes. Whereas results show that frequently changing input controllers within and among designers significantly reduces completion times, leading to higher performance outcomes. Discussion states that larger actions can introduce unexpected errors, while smaller and consistent actions enhance designers' understanding of the effects of each action, aiding in better planning for subsequent steps. Frequent controller switching reflects effective communication and understanding within design teams, which is crucial for cooperative tasks.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalil Al Handawi, Arindam Brahma, David C. Wynn, Michael Kokkolaras, Ola Isaksson
Abstract Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aero-engine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.
{"title":"Design space exploration and evaluation using margin-based trade-offs","authors":"Khalil Al Handawi, Arindam Brahma, David C. Wynn, Michael Kokkolaras, Ola Isaksson","doi":"10.1115/1.4063966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aero-engine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"254 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruijie Tang, Qizhi Meng, Fugui Xie, Xin-Jun Liu, Jinsong Wang
Abstract Deployable polyhedral grippers have attracted increasing attention for their priority in noncontact capturing missions. Enrichment of these grippers may benefit the conduction of various capturing tasks. In this paper, novel deployable polyhedral grippers are designed. A design flow is proposed for the structural designs of diverse grippers. The core problem during the construction is reducible to the structural designs and combination of multiple synchronously deployable modules. Each module, containing three faces connected by two revolute joints, can realize one-degree-of-freedom deployment. Type synthesis of synchronously deployable modules adopting different layouts of revolute joints is conducted. The mobility and kinematics of these modules are analyzed to verify the achieved motion. As examples, four deployable polyhedral grippers based on different polyhedrons and deployment diagrams are presented. The deployment performance of the prototype proves the validity of the proposed design method, and exhibits the potential of these deployable polyhedral grippers for diverse capturing missions.
{"title":"Structural Designs of Novel Deployable Polyhedral Grippers for Noncontact Capturing Missions","authors":"Ruijie Tang, Qizhi Meng, Fugui Xie, Xin-Jun Liu, Jinsong Wang","doi":"10.1115/1.4063968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063968","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deployable polyhedral grippers have attracted increasing attention for their priority in noncontact capturing missions. Enrichment of these grippers may benefit the conduction of various capturing tasks. In this paper, novel deployable polyhedral grippers are designed. A design flow is proposed for the structural designs of diverse grippers. The core problem during the construction is reducible to the structural designs and combination of multiple synchronously deployable modules. Each module, containing three faces connected by two revolute joints, can realize one-degree-of-freedom deployment. Type synthesis of synchronously deployable modules adopting different layouts of revolute joints is conducted. The mobility and kinematics of these modules are analyzed to verify the achieved motion. As examples, four deployable polyhedral grippers based on different polyhedrons and deployment diagrams are presented. The deployment performance of the prototype proves the validity of the proposed design method, and exhibits the potential of these deployable polyhedral grippers for diverse capturing missions.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Athul Sundarrajan, Yong Hoon Lee, James T. Allison, Daniel Zalkind, Daniel R. Herber
Abstract [11:02 AM] Sundarrajan, Athul Krishna This paper discusses a framework to design elements of the plant and control systems for floating offshore wind turbines in an integrated manner using linear parameter-varying models. Multiple linearized models derived from aeroelastic simulation software in different operating regions characterized by the incoming wind speed are combined to construct an approximate low-fidelity model of the system. The combined model is then used to generate open-loop, optimal control trajectories as part of a nested control co-design strategy that explores the system's power production and stability using the platform pitch tilt as a proxy in the context of crucial plant and control design decisions. The radial distance between the central and outer columns and the diameter of the outer columns of the semisubmersible platform are the plant design variables. The platform stability and power production are studied for different plant design decisions. The effect of plant decisions on subsequent power production and stability response of the floating wind turbine is quantified in terms of the levelized cost of energy. The results show that the inner-loop constraints and the plant design decisions affect the turbine's power and, subsequently, the cost of the system.
{"title":"OPEN-LOOP CONTROL CO-DESIGN OF SEMISUBMERSIBLE FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES USING LINEAR PARAMETER-VARYING MODELS","authors":"Athul Sundarrajan, Yong Hoon Lee, James T. Allison, Daniel Zalkind, Daniel R. Herber","doi":"10.1115/1.4063969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063969","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract [11:02 AM] Sundarrajan, Athul Krishna This paper discusses a framework to design elements of the plant and control systems for floating offshore wind turbines in an integrated manner using linear parameter-varying models. Multiple linearized models derived from aeroelastic simulation software in different operating regions characterized by the incoming wind speed are combined to construct an approximate low-fidelity model of the system. The combined model is then used to generate open-loop, optimal control trajectories as part of a nested control co-design strategy that explores the system's power production and stability using the platform pitch tilt as a proxy in the context of crucial plant and control design decisions. The radial distance between the central and outer columns and the diameter of the outer columns of the semisubmersible platform are the plant design variables. The platform stability and power production are studied for different plant design decisions. The effect of plant decisions on subsequent power production and stability response of the floating wind turbine is quantified in terms of the levelized cost of energy. The results show that the inner-loop constraints and the plant design decisions affect the turbine's power and, subsequently, the cost of the system.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"44 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As additive manufacturing (AM) usage increases, designers who wish to maximize AM’s potential must reconsider the traditional manufacturing (TM) axioms they may be more familiar with. While research has previously investigated the potential influences that can affect the designs produced in concept generation, little research has been done explicitly targeting the manufacturability of early-stage concepts and how previous experience and the presenting of priming content in manufacturing affect these concepts. The research in this paper addresses this gap in knowledge, specifically targeting differences in concept generation due to designer experience and presenting design for traditional manufacturing (DFTM) and design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) axioms. To understand how designers approach design creation early in the design process and investigate potential influential factors, participants in this study were asked to complete a design challenge centered on concept generation. Before this design challenge, a randomized subset of these participants received priming content on DFTM and DFAM considerations. These participants’ final designs were evaluated for both traditional manufacturability and additive manufacturability and compared against the final designs produced by participants who did not receive the priming content. Results show that students with low manufacturing experience levels create designs that are more naturally suited for TM. Additionally, as designers’ manufacturing experience levels increase, there is an increase in the number of designs more naturally suited for AM. This correlates with a higher self-reported use of DFAM axioms in the evaluation of these designs. These results suggest that students with high manufacturing experience levels rely on their previous experience when it comes to creating a design for either manufacturing process. Lastly, while the manufacturing priming content significantly influenced the traditional manufacturability of the designs, the priming content did not increase the number of self-reported design for manufacturing (DFM) axioms in the designs.
{"title":"Assessing the Manufacturability of Students' Early-Stage Designs Based on Previous Experience with Traditional Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Seth Pearl, Nicholas Meisel","doi":"10.1115/1.4063564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063564","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As additive manufacturing (AM) usage increases, designers who wish to maximize AM’s potential must reconsider the traditional manufacturing (TM) axioms they may be more familiar with. While research has previously investigated the potential influences that can affect the designs produced in concept generation, little research has been done explicitly targeting the manufacturability of early-stage concepts and how previous experience and the presenting of priming content in manufacturing affect these concepts. The research in this paper addresses this gap in knowledge, specifically targeting differences in concept generation due to designer experience and presenting design for traditional manufacturing (DFTM) and design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) axioms. To understand how designers approach design creation early in the design process and investigate potential influential factors, participants in this study were asked to complete a design challenge centered on concept generation. Before this design challenge, a randomized subset of these participants received priming content on DFTM and DFAM considerations. These participants’ final designs were evaluated for both traditional manufacturability and additive manufacturability and compared against the final designs produced by participants who did not receive the priming content. Results show that students with low manufacturing experience levels create designs that are more naturally suited for TM. Additionally, as designers’ manufacturing experience levels increase, there is an increase in the number of designs more naturally suited for AM. This correlates with a higher self-reported use of DFAM axioms in the evaluation of these designs. These results suggest that students with high manufacturing experience levels rely on their previous experience when it comes to creating a design for either manufacturing process. Lastly, while the manufacturing priming content significantly influenced the traditional manufacturability of the designs, the priming content did not increase the number of self-reported design for manufacturing (DFM) axioms in the designs.","PeriodicalId":50137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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