Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00084-7
Dino Carpentras
Analysis of different operationalizations shows that many scientific results may be an artifact of the operationalization process. A culture of multi-operationalization may be needed for psychological research to develop valid knowledge. Analysis of different operationalizations shows that many scientific results may be an artifact of the operationalization process. A culture of multi-operationalization may be needed for psychological research to develop valid knowledge.
{"title":"We urgently need a culture of multi-operationalization in psychological research","authors":"Dino Carpentras","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00084-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00084-7","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of different operationalizations shows that many scientific results may be an artifact of the operationalization process. A culture of multi-operationalization may be needed for psychological research to develop valid knowledge. Analysis of different operationalizations shows that many scientific results may be an artifact of the operationalization process. A culture of multi-operationalization may be needed for psychological research to develop valid knowledge.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00084-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00074-9
Juliane Nagel, David Philip Morgan, Necati Çağatay Gürsoy, Samuel Sander, Simon Kern, Gordon Benedikt Feld
Rewards paid out for successful retrieval motivate the formation of long-term memory. However, it has been argued that the Motivated Learning Task does not measure reward effects on memory strength but decision-making during retrieval. We report three large-scale online experiments in healthy participants (N = 200, N = 205, N = 187) that inform this debate. In experiment 1, we found that explicit stimulus-reward associations formed during encoding influence response strategies at retrieval. In experiment 2, reward affected memory strength and decision-making strategies. In experiment 3, reward affected decision-making strategies only. These data support a theoretical framework that assumes that promised rewards not only increase memory strength, but additionally lead to the formation of stimulus-reward associations that influence decisions at retrieval. Across three preregistered experiments, stimulus-level reward affects response and decision strategies in an episodic memory task.
{"title":"Memory for rewards guides retrieval","authors":"Juliane Nagel, David Philip Morgan, Necati Çağatay Gürsoy, Samuel Sander, Simon Kern, Gordon Benedikt Feld","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00074-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00074-9","url":null,"abstract":"Rewards paid out for successful retrieval motivate the formation of long-term memory. However, it has been argued that the Motivated Learning Task does not measure reward effects on memory strength but decision-making during retrieval. We report three large-scale online experiments in healthy participants (N = 200, N = 205, N = 187) that inform this debate. In experiment 1, we found that explicit stimulus-reward associations formed during encoding influence response strategies at retrieval. In experiment 2, reward affected memory strength and decision-making strategies. In experiment 3, reward affected decision-making strategies only. These data support a theoretical framework that assumes that promised rewards not only increase memory strength, but additionally lead to the formation of stimulus-reward associations that influence decisions at retrieval. Across three preregistered experiments, stimulus-level reward affects response and decision strategies in an episodic memory task.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00074-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9
Anke Van Roy, Geneviève Albouy, Ryan D. Burns, Bradley R. King
Changes in specific behaviors across the lifespan are frequently reported as an inverted-U trajectory. That is, young adults exhibit optimal performance, children are conceptualized as developing systems progressing towards this ideal state, and older adulthood is characterized by performance decrements. However, not all behaviors follow this trajectory, as there are instances in which children outperform young adults. Here, we acquired data from 7–35 and >55 year-old participants and assessed potential developmental advantages in motor sequence learning and memory consolidation. Results revealed no credible evidence for differences in initial learning dynamics among age groups, but 7- to 12-year-old children exhibited smaller sequence-specific learning relative to adolescents, young adults and older adults. Interestingly, children demonstrated the greatest performance gains across the 5 h and 24 h offline periods, reflecting enhanced motor memory consolidation. These results suggest that children exhibit an advantage in the offline processing of recently learned motor sequences. Seven to 12 year-old children showed greater performance gains on a motor sequence task across post-learning resting periods than adolescents, young adults and older adults, suggesting a developmental advantage in offline motor memory consolidation.
{"title":"Children exhibit a developmental advantage in the offline processing of a learned motor sequence","authors":"Anke Van Roy, Geneviève Albouy, Ryan D. Burns, Bradley R. King","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in specific behaviors across the lifespan are frequently reported as an inverted-U trajectory. That is, young adults exhibit optimal performance, children are conceptualized as developing systems progressing towards this ideal state, and older adulthood is characterized by performance decrements. However, not all behaviors follow this trajectory, as there are instances in which children outperform young adults. Here, we acquired data from 7–35 and >55 year-old participants and assessed potential developmental advantages in motor sequence learning and memory consolidation. Results revealed no credible evidence for differences in initial learning dynamics among age groups, but 7- to 12-year-old children exhibited smaller sequence-specific learning relative to adolescents, young adults and older adults. Interestingly, children demonstrated the greatest performance gains across the 5 h and 24 h offline periods, reflecting enhanced motor memory consolidation. These results suggest that children exhibit an advantage in the offline processing of recently learned motor sequences. Seven to 12 year-old children showed greater performance gains on a motor sequence task across post-learning resting periods than adolescents, young adults and older adults, suggesting a developmental advantage in offline motor memory consolidation.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00082-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00077-6
François Quesque, Ian Apperly, Renée Baillargeon, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cristina Becchio, Harold Bekkering, Daniel Bernstein, Maxime Bertoux, Geoffrey Bird, Henryk Bukowski, Pascal Burgmer, Peter Carruthers, Caroline Catmur, Isabel Dziobek, Nicholas Epley, Thorsten Michael Erle, Chris Frith, Uta Frith, Carl Michael Galang, Vittorio Gallese, Delphine Grynberg, Francesca Happé, Masahiro Hirai, Sara D. Hodges, Philipp Kanske, Mariska Kret, Claus Lamm, Jean Louis Nandrino, Sukhvinder Obhi, Sally Olderbak, Josef Perner, Yves Rossetti, Dana Schneider, Matthias Schurz, Tobias Schuwerk, Natalie Sebanz, Simone Shamay-Tsoory, Giorgia Silani, Shannon Spaulding, Andrew R. Todd, Evan Westra, Dan Zahavi, Marcel Brass
The terminology used in discussions on mental state attribution is extensive and lacks consistency. In the current paper, experts from various disciplines collaborate to introduce a shared set of concepts and make recommendations regarding future use.
{"title":"Defining key concepts for mental state attribution","authors":"François Quesque, Ian Apperly, Renée Baillargeon, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cristina Becchio, Harold Bekkering, Daniel Bernstein, Maxime Bertoux, Geoffrey Bird, Henryk Bukowski, Pascal Burgmer, Peter Carruthers, Caroline Catmur, Isabel Dziobek, Nicholas Epley, Thorsten Michael Erle, Chris Frith, Uta Frith, Carl Michael Galang, Vittorio Gallese, Delphine Grynberg, Francesca Happé, Masahiro Hirai, Sara D. Hodges, Philipp Kanske, Mariska Kret, Claus Lamm, Jean Louis Nandrino, Sukhvinder Obhi, Sally Olderbak, Josef Perner, Yves Rossetti, Dana Schneider, Matthias Schurz, Tobias Schuwerk, Natalie Sebanz, Simone Shamay-Tsoory, Giorgia Silani, Shannon Spaulding, Andrew R. Todd, Evan Westra, Dan Zahavi, Marcel Brass","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00077-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00077-6","url":null,"abstract":"The terminology used in discussions on mental state attribution is extensive and lacks consistency. In the current paper, experts from various disciplines collaborate to introduce a shared set of concepts and make recommendations regarding future use.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00077-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4
Andre O. Beukers, Silvy H. P. Collin, Ross P. Kempner, Nicholas T. Franklin, Samuel J. Gershman, Kenneth A. Norman
We all possess a mental library of schemas that specify how different types of events unfold. How are these schemas acquired? A key challenge is that learning a new schema can catastrophically interfere with old knowledge. One solution to this dilemma is to use interleaved training to learn a single representation that accommodates all schemas. However, another class of models posits that catastrophic interference can be avoided by splitting off new representations when large prediction errors occur. A key differentiating prediction is that, according to splitting models, catastrophic interference can be prevented even under blocked training curricula. We conducted a series of semi-naturalistic experiments and simulations with Bayesian and neural network models to compare the predictions made by the “splitting” versus “non-splitting” hypotheses of schema learning. We found better performance in blocked compared to interleaved curricula, and explain these results using a Bayesian model that incorporates representational splitting in response to large prediction errors. In a follow-up experiment, we validated the model prediction that inserting blocked training early in learning leads to better learning performance than inserting blocked training later in learning. Our results suggest that different learning environments (i.e., curricula) play an important role in shaping schema composition. A Bayesian model incorporating representational splitting explains better memory performance in blocked compared to interleaved learning contexts.
{"title":"Blocked training facilitates learning of multiple schemas","authors":"Andre O. Beukers, Silvy H. P. Collin, Ross P. Kempner, Nicholas T. Franklin, Samuel J. Gershman, Kenneth A. Norman","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4","url":null,"abstract":"We all possess a mental library of schemas that specify how different types of events unfold. How are these schemas acquired? A key challenge is that learning a new schema can catastrophically interfere with old knowledge. One solution to this dilemma is to use interleaved training to learn a single representation that accommodates all schemas. However, another class of models posits that catastrophic interference can be avoided by splitting off new representations when large prediction errors occur. A key differentiating prediction is that, according to splitting models, catastrophic interference can be prevented even under blocked training curricula. We conducted a series of semi-naturalistic experiments and simulations with Bayesian and neural network models to compare the predictions made by the “splitting” versus “non-splitting” hypotheses of schema learning. We found better performance in blocked compared to interleaved curricula, and explain these results using a Bayesian model that incorporates representational splitting in response to large prediction errors. In a follow-up experiment, we validated the model prediction that inserting blocked training early in learning leads to better learning performance than inserting blocked training later in learning. Our results suggest that different learning environments (i.e., curricula) play an important role in shaping schema composition. A Bayesian model incorporating representational splitting explains better memory performance in blocked compared to interleaved learning contexts.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00079-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7
Caoimhe O’Reilly, Shane Mannion, Paul J. Maher, Elaine M. Smith, Pádraig MacCarron, Michael Quayle
We assess the strategic alignment of attitudes and the active construction of attitude-based identity across two studies. Study one assessed the twitter response (hashtags in English) to the war in Ukraine for five months after Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine 2022 (N = 8149). Results demonstrated that individuals publicly expressed hashtags similar to others close to them in the followership network, showing their support for Ukraine and condemnation of the Russian invasion in qualitatively different ways. Study two was a preregistered Prolific experiment with geographical European participants ran in September, 2022 (N = 1368). Results demonstrated that attitude interaction with ingroup members motivated interactants towards attitude alignment, and attitude alignment strengthened the identification that motivated the alignment in the first place. Results suggest that attitude expression is performative and constrained by one’s group relationship with one’s audience and the definition of social identity can be constrained by opinion-based identity performance. People align their attitudes with their network’s in an online context. Further, attitude expressors are active agents in the construction of identity, expressing attitudes performatively to construct and consolidate identities.
{"title":"Strategic attitude expressions as identity performance and identity creation in interaction","authors":"Caoimhe O’Reilly, Shane Mannion, Paul J. Maher, Elaine M. Smith, Pádraig MacCarron, Michael Quayle","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the strategic alignment of attitudes and the active construction of attitude-based identity across two studies. Study one assessed the twitter response (hashtags in English) to the war in Ukraine for five months after Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine 2022 (N = 8149). Results demonstrated that individuals publicly expressed hashtags similar to others close to them in the followership network, showing their support for Ukraine and condemnation of the Russian invasion in qualitatively different ways. Study two was a preregistered Prolific experiment with geographical European participants ran in September, 2022 (N = 1368). Results demonstrated that attitude interaction with ingroup members motivated interactants towards attitude alignment, and attitude alignment strengthened the identification that motivated the alignment in the first place. Results suggest that attitude expression is performative and constrained by one’s group relationship with one’s audience and the definition of social identity can be constrained by opinion-based identity performance. People align their attitudes with their network’s in an online context. Further, attitude expressors are active agents in the construction of identity, expressing attitudes performatively to construct and consolidate identities.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00076-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140538074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00078-5
Bing Xu, Lorenza Dall’Aglio, John Flournoy, Gerda Bortsova, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Paul Collins, Marleen de Bruijne, Monica Luciana, Andre Marquand, Hao Wang, Henning Tiemeier, Ryan L. Muetzel
{"title":"Author Correction: Limited generalizability of multivariate brain-based dimensions of child psychiatric symptoms","authors":"Bing Xu, Lorenza Dall’Aglio, John Flournoy, Gerda Bortsova, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Paul Collins, Marleen de Bruijne, Monica Luciana, Andre Marquand, Hao Wang, Henning Tiemeier, Ryan L. Muetzel","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00078-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00078-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00078-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w
John F. Magnotti, Anastasia Lado, Yue Zhang, Arnt Maasø, Audrey Nath, Michael S. Beauchamp
In the McGurk effect, presentation of incongruent auditory and visual speech evokes a fusion percept different than either component modality. We show that repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect for 14 days induces a change in auditory-only speech perception: the auditory component of the McGurk stimulus begins to evoke the fusion percept, even when presented on its own without accompanying visual speech. This perceptual change, termed fusion-induced recalibration (FIR), was talker-specific and syllable-specific and persisted for a year or more in some participants without any additional McGurk exposure. Participants who did not experience the McGurk effect did not experience FIR, showing that recalibration was driven by multisensory prediction error. A causal inference model of speech perception incorporating multisensory cue conflict accurately predicted individual differences in FIR. Just as the McGurk effect demonstrates that visual speech can alter the perception of auditory speech, FIR shows that these alterations can persist for months or years. The ability to induce seemingly permanent changes in auditory speech perception will be useful for studying plasticity in brain networks for language and may provide new strategies for improving language learning. In the McGurk effect, seeing the talker’s face changes perception of auditory speech. Repeatedly experiencing the effect produces long-lasting changes in auditory perception, so that the McGurk fusion percept is evoked even without seeing the face.
在麦格克效应中，呈现不一致的听觉和视觉语言会唤起不同于任何一种模式的融合感知。我们的研究表明，连续 14 天反复体验麦格克效应会诱发纯听觉言语感知的变化：麦格克刺激的听觉成分开始唤起融合感知，即使是在没有视觉言语伴随的情况下单独呈现时也是如此。这种感知变化被称为融合诱导的重新校准（FIR），针对特定的说话者和特定的音节，在一些参与者身上持续一年或更长时间，而无需额外的麦格克暴露。没有经历过麦格克效应的参与者也没有经历过 FIR，这表明重新校准是由多感官预测错误驱动的。包含多感官线索冲突的语音感知因果推理模型可以准确预测 FIR 的个体差异。正如麦格克效应表明视觉语言可以改变听觉语言的感知一样，FIR 表明这些改变可以持续数月或数年。诱导听觉言语感知发生看似永久性变化的能力将有助于研究大脑语言网络的可塑性，并可能为改善语言学习提供新的策略。在麦格克效应中，看到说话者的脸会改变对听觉语言的感知。反复体验这种效应会使听觉知觉产生持久的变化，因此即使没有看到说话者的脸，也会唤起麦格克融合知觉。
{"title":"Repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect induces long-lasting changes in auditory speech perception","authors":"John F. Magnotti, Anastasia Lado, Yue Zhang, Arnt Maasø, Audrey Nath, Michael S. Beauchamp","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the McGurk effect, presentation of incongruent auditory and visual speech evokes a fusion percept different than either component modality. We show that repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect for 14 days induces a change in auditory-only speech perception: the auditory component of the McGurk stimulus begins to evoke the fusion percept, even when presented on its own without accompanying visual speech. This perceptual change, termed fusion-induced recalibration (FIR), was talker-specific and syllable-specific and persisted for a year or more in some participants without any additional McGurk exposure. Participants who did not experience the McGurk effect did not experience FIR, showing that recalibration was driven by multisensory prediction error. A causal inference model of speech perception incorporating multisensory cue conflict accurately predicted individual differences in FIR. Just as the McGurk effect demonstrates that visual speech can alter the perception of auditory speech, FIR shows that these alterations can persist for months or years. The ability to induce seemingly permanent changes in auditory speech perception will be useful for studying plasticity in brain networks for language and may provide new strategies for improving language learning. In the McGurk effect, seeing the talker’s face changes perception of auditory speech. Repeatedly experiencing the effect produces long-lasting changes in auditory perception, so that the McGurk fusion percept is evoked even without seeing the face.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00073-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00072-x
Maria Langlois, Pierre Chandon
Experiencing nature has been linked to a host of benefits for health and well-being. Here, we examine if exposure to nature influences the food choices that may contribute to nature’s benefits. Five between-subject experiments (n = 39, n = 698, n = 885, n = 1191, and n = 913) show that individuals exposed to the natural environment choose healthier foods when compared to those exposed to urban environments or a control condition. Nature’s effects are observed for various foods and beverages, across samples from three countries, and in varied contexts, such as taking a walk in a park (vs. a city street) and looking at photos of nature (vs. urban or control) scenes. These findings provide insights into the relationship between proximity to nature and health. Across five studies of 3,726 participants, walking in nature (study 1) and viewing images of nature (studies 2-5) led to significantly more healthy food choices and fewer unhealthy food choices compared to urban settings.
{"title":"Experiencing nature leads to healthier food choices","authors":"Maria Langlois, Pierre Chandon","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00072-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00072-x","url":null,"abstract":"Experiencing nature has been linked to a host of benefits for health and well-being. Here, we examine if exposure to nature influences the food choices that may contribute to nature’s benefits. Five between-subject experiments (n = 39, n = 698, n = 885, n = 1191, and n = 913) show that individuals exposed to the natural environment choose healthier foods when compared to those exposed to urban environments or a control condition. Nature’s effects are observed for various foods and beverages, across samples from three countries, and in varied contexts, such as taking a walk in a park (vs. a city street) and looking at photos of nature (vs. urban or control) scenes. These findings provide insights into the relationship between proximity to nature and health. Across five studies of 3,726 participants, walking in nature (study 1) and viewing images of nature (studies 2-5) led to significantly more healthy food choices and fewer unhealthy food choices compared to urban settings.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00072-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00071-y
Juliette Bénon, Douglas Lee, William Hopper, Morgan Verdeil, Mathias Pessiglione, Fabien Vinckier, Sebastien Bouret, Marion Rouault, Raphael Lebouc, Giovanni Pezzulo, Christiane Schreiweis, Eric Burguière, Jean Daunizeau
Difficult decisions typically involve mental effort, which scales with the deployment of cognitive (e.g., mnesic, attentional) resources engaged in processing decision-relevant information. But how does the brain regulate mental effort? A possibility is that the brain optimizes a resource allocation problem, whereby the amount of invested resources balances its expected cost (i.e. effort) and benefit. Our working assumption is that subjective decision confidence serves as the benefit term of the resource allocation problem, hence the “metacognitive” nature of decision control. Here, we present a computational model for the online metacognitive control of decisions or oMCD. Formally, oMCD is a Markov Decision Process that optimally solves the ensuing resource allocation problem under agnostic assumptions about the inner workings of the underlying decision system. We demonstrate how this makes oMCD a quasi-optimal control policy for a broad class of decision processes, including -but not limited to- progressive attribute integration. We disclose oMCD’s main properties (in terms of choice, confidence and response time), and show that they reproduce most established empirical results in the field of value-based decision making. Finally, we discuss the possible connections between oMCD and most prominent neurocognitive theories about decision control and mental effort regulation. How should the mind allocate resources to make good decisions? In the online metacognitive control of decisions model, subjective decision confidence is used as the benefit term of the resource allocation problem to optimize the processing of decision-relevant information.
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