Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04046
M. Guarrera, G. Petringa, G. Milluzzo, R. Catalano, V. Kantarelou, C. Siragusa, F. Midili, M. La Cognata, L. Guardo, D. Lattuada, D. Passarello, G. Angemi, S. Arjmand, G. Cantone, E. Caruso, G. Cuttone, F. Farokhi, S. Fattori, O. Giampiccolo, L. Giuffrida, A. Kurmanova, D. Margarone, D. Oliva, A. Pappalardo, A. Pizzino, F. Schillaci, A. Sciuto, J. Suarez, G. Cirrone
The reaction occurring between protons and 11B isotope (p+11B → 3α+8.7 MeV) has recently attracted attention as a possible candidate to overcome the generation of high-energy neutrons via the more studied Deuterium-Tritium fusion reaction. Since the early 2000s, several experiments have been carried out to investigate the viability of triggering this aneutronic reaction in laser-target interaction schemes. During these experiments, the total number of escaping α particles is measured to infer fusion reaction efficiency. However, the accurate detection of α particles in such experiments poses a real challenge. In this scenario, RadioChromic Films (RCFs) arranged in a stack configuration can be used for the fluence and energy spectra reconstruction of generated protons, being this mandatory information in both “pitcher-catcher” and “in plasma” p-11B irradiation schemes. Nevertheless, RCF response exhibits a dependence on Linear Energy Transfer (LET), which leads to an underestimation of the response in high-LET conditions. This can result in dosimetric errors if not properly taken into account. In this work, an analytical procedure able to reconstruct the incident energy spectra in an RCF stack was developed and validated thanks to a calibration procedure that was established for high and low proton energy (4–60 MeV) beams to properly reconstruct the incident spectra in the “pitcher-catcher” irradiation scheme.
{"title":"Proton spectroscopy for 11B(p,α)2α fusion reaction with RCF films: calibration and unfolding procedure","authors":"M. Guarrera, G. Petringa, G. Milluzzo, R. Catalano, V. Kantarelou, C. Siragusa, F. Midili, M. La Cognata, L. Guardo, D. Lattuada, D. Passarello, G. Angemi, S. Arjmand, G. Cantone, E. Caruso, G. Cuttone, F. Farokhi, S. Fattori, O. Giampiccolo, L. Giuffrida, A. Kurmanova, D. Margarone, D. Oliva, A. Pappalardo, A. Pizzino, F. Schillaci, A. Sciuto, J. Suarez, G. Cirrone","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The reaction occurring between protons and 11B isotope (p+11B → 3α+8.7 MeV) has recently attracted attention as a possible candidate to overcome the generation of high-energy neutrons via the more studied Deuterium-Tritium fusion reaction. Since the early 2000s, several experiments have been carried out to investigate the viability of triggering this aneutronic reaction in laser-target interaction schemes. During these experiments, the total number of escaping α particles is measured to infer fusion reaction efficiency. However, the accurate detection of α particles in such experiments poses a real challenge.\u0000\u0000In this scenario, \u0000RadioChromic Films\u0000(RCFs) arranged in a stack configuration can be used for the fluence and energy spectra reconstruction of generated protons, being this mandatory information in both “pitcher-catcher” and “in plasma” p-11B irradiation schemes. Nevertheless, RCF response exhibits a dependence on Linear Energy Transfer (LET), which leads to an underestimation of the response in high-LET conditions. This can result in dosimetric errors if not properly taken into account.\u0000In this work, an analytical procedure able to reconstruct the incident energy spectra in an RCF stack was developed and validated thanks to a calibration procedure that was established for high and low proton energy (4–60 MeV) beams to properly reconstruct the incident spectra in the “pitcher-catcher” irradiation scheme.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04011
S. Yamamoto, Masao Yoshino, K. Nakanishi, Kei Kamada, Akira Yoshikawa, J. Kataoka
It is known that scintillators exhibit non-proportional behavior between light output and the energy of gamma photons or beta particles. However, the non-proportionality between light output in scintillators and the energy of alpha particles has not been extensively measured, likely due to the challenges associated with preparing alpha particles with varying energies. To address this issue, we propose a novel method to modulate the energy of alpha particles using an americium-241 (Am-241) source covered with different numbers of Mylar films. By irradiating various scintillators, including GAGG, GGAG, YAP(Ce), and plastic scintillator, with alpha particles of different energies, we measured and evaluated the non-proportional response of these scintillators. We then compared the measured response as a function of incident energy to a simulation, which assumes a proportional response to evaluate the non-proportionality. For all the scintillators tested, non-proportionality was observed; the light output per MeV at 1.8 MeV ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 of the values observed at 5.2 MeV. The non-proportional response was largest for plastic scintillator (0.60) and smallest for GAGG (0.81). We conclude that the proposed method could be an efficient means of measuring the non-proportionality of scintillators between light output and alpha particle energies
{"title":"A novel method for efficiently measuring the non-proportionality of scintillators between light output and alpha particle energies from 1.8 MeV to 5.2 MeV","authors":"S. Yamamoto, Masao Yoshino, K. Nakanishi, Kei Kamada, Akira Yoshikawa, J. Kataoka","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is known that scintillators exhibit non-proportional\u0000 behavior between light output and the energy of gamma photons or\u0000 beta particles. However, the non-proportionality between light\u0000 output in scintillators and the energy of alpha particles has not\u0000 been extensively measured, likely due to the challenges associated\u0000 with preparing alpha particles with varying energies. To address\u0000 this issue, we propose a novel method to modulate the energy of\u0000 alpha particles using an americium-241 (Am-241) source covered with\u0000 different numbers of Mylar films. By irradiating various\u0000 scintillators, including GAGG, GGAG, YAP(Ce), and plastic\u0000 scintillator, with alpha particles of different energies, we\u0000 measured and evaluated the non-proportional response of these\u0000 scintillators. We then compared the measured response as a function\u0000 of incident energy to a simulation, which assumes a proportional\u0000 response to evaluate the non-proportionality. For all the\u0000 scintillators tested, non-proportionality was observed; the light\u0000 output per MeV at 1.8 MeV ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 of the values\u0000 observed at 5.2 MeV. The non-proportional response was largest\u0000 for plastic scintillator (0.60) and smallest for GAGG (0.81). We\u0000 conclude that the proposed method could be an efficient means of\u0000 measuring the non-proportionality of scintillators between light\u0000 output and alpha particle energies","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04037
A.Zh. Khachatrian
The description of the superposition field of a system of point sources with a random and, on average, periodic structure is considered. The description is given in the far field and the point sources are considered as centers of secondary sphere waves generated by an external plane wave. In contrast to the traditional approach, where description of the diffraction pattern is given on the base of wave field averaging, here the intensity is averaged. In the framework of the suggested approach the analytic formula of dependence of the average intensity on the direction observation is found. The influence of disorder on the values of intensity of main maximums of a periodic structure is investigated. It is shown that this influence depends on the ordinal numbers of the maximum and in the case of central main maximum this influence vanishes. The question of applicability of the Debye-Weller factor for describing of the statistic of diffracted field is discussed.
{"title":"The far-field diffraction of a plane wave on a system of randomly and in average periodically located point scatterers: the Debye-Waller factor","authors":"A.Zh. Khachatrian","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The description of the superposition field of a system of point sources with a random and, on average, periodic structure is considered. The description is given in the far field and the point sources are considered as centers of secondary sphere waves generated by an external plane wave. In contrast to the traditional approach, where description of the diffraction pattern is given on the base of wave field averaging, here the intensity is averaged.\u0000\u0000In the framework of the suggested approach the analytic formula of dependence of the average intensity on the direction observation is found. The influence of disorder on the values of intensity of main maximums of a periodic structure is investigated. It is shown that this influence depends on the ordinal numbers of the maximum and in the case of central main maximum this influence vanishes. The question of applicability of the Debye-Weller factor for describing of the statistic of diffracted field is discussed.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04006
R. Zarrella, A. Manna, S. Amaducci, M. Bacak, A. Casanovas, S. Colombi, C. D'Orazio, F. García-Infantes, N. Malekinezhad, M. Marafini, C. Massimi, A. Mengoni, A. Musumarra, N. Patronis, J. Pavón-Rodriguez, M. Pellegriti, R. Spighi, E. Stamati, M. Villa
FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) is an applied nuclear physics experiment with the aim of performing high precision cross section measurements for fragmentation reactions of interest in hadrontherapy and radiation protection in space. The physics program of the experiment foresees a set of measurements with light ion beams, such as C and O, in the energy range of 100–800 MeV/u interacting with tissue-like and shielding material targets. The setup was initially conceived for the detection of charged fragments and, in 2021, the Collaboration started the study of possible solutions for neutron detection. Two detection systems have been proposed: one based on BC-501A liquid scintillators with neutron/γ discrimination capabilities and a system based on BGO crystals operated in phoswich mode. In 2022, a dedicated data acquisition campaign was carried out at the n_TOF facility at CERN to evaluate the capabilities of the two systems. First, the neutron/γ discrimination efficiency of the BC-501A system was studied using radioactive sources. Then, the two systems were placed in the n_TOF experimental area to study their neutron detection efficiency under a well characterized neutron beam. In this work, the first preliminary results concerning the characterization of the two possible neutron detectors of FOOT are presented.
{"title":"Characterization of the FOOT neutron detectors for nuclear fragmentation measurements at the n_TOF facility","authors":"R. Zarrella, A. Manna, S. Amaducci, M. Bacak, A. Casanovas, S. Colombi, C. D'Orazio, F. García-Infantes, N. Malekinezhad, M. Marafini, C. Massimi, A. Mengoni, A. Musumarra, N. Patronis, J. Pavón-Rodriguez, M. Pellegriti, R. Spighi, E. Stamati, M. Villa","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) is an applied nuclear physics experiment with the aim of performing high precision cross section measurements for fragmentation reactions of interest in hadrontherapy and radiation protection in space. The physics program of the experiment foresees a set of measurements with light ion beams, such as C and O, in the energy range of 100–800 MeV/u interacting with tissue-like and shielding material targets. The setup was initially conceived for the detection of charged fragments and, in 2021, the Collaboration started the study of possible solutions for neutron detection. Two detection systems have been proposed: one based on BC-501A liquid scintillators with neutron/γ discrimination capabilities and a system based on BGO crystals operated in phoswich mode. In 2022, a dedicated data acquisition campaign was carried out at the n_TOF facility at CERN to evaluate the capabilities of the two systems. First, the neutron/γ discrimination efficiency of the BC-501A system was studied using radioactive sources. Then, the two systems were placed in the n_TOF experimental area to study their neutron detection efficiency under a well characterized neutron beam. In this work, the first preliminary results concerning the characterization of the two possible neutron detectors of FOOT are presented.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140756029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04045
S. Scherl, N. Striebig, K. Hennessy, I. Perić, E. Vilella
MightyPix is a high voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (HV-CMOS) active pixel sensor, currently being developed for the Mighty Tracker, an upgrade proposed for LHCb in anticipation of the High Luminosity LHC. To ensure that MightyPix will be able to handle the particle hit rates at the Mighty Tracker, which are expected to reach 17 MHz/cm2, simulations of the chip's digital readout mechanism were performed. Using simulated particle hits the chip's performance within the LHCb environment is characterised. For this, a behavioural model of the first prototype, MightyPix1, representing the analogue pixel matrix, together with the synthesised digital logic is used. Simulation results show the MightyPix1 readout mechanism having an efficiency over 99 % up to 20 MHz/cm2. The bottleneck was found to be the speed at which the hits are read out. This yielded new design ideas to improve the readout for MightyPix2, leading to an efficiency of over 99 % up to 30 MHz/cm2.
{"title":"MightyPix at the LHCb Mighty Tracker — verification\u0000of an HV-CMOS pixel chip's digital readout","authors":"S. Scherl, N. Striebig, K. Hennessy, I. Perić, E. Vilella","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 MightyPix is a high voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (HV-CMOS) active pixel\u0000 sensor, currently being developed for the Mighty Tracker, an upgrade proposed for LHCb in\u0000 anticipation of the High Luminosity LHC. To ensure that MightyPix will be able to handle the\u0000 particle hit rates at the Mighty Tracker, which are expected to reach\u0000 17 MHz/cm2, simulations of the chip's digital readout mechanism were\u0000 performed. Using simulated particle hits the chip's performance within the LHCb environment is\u0000 characterised. For this, a behavioural model of the first prototype, MightyPix1, representing the\u0000 analogue pixel matrix, together with the synthesised digital logic is used. Simulation results\u0000 show the MightyPix1 readout mechanism having an efficiency over 99 % up to\u0000 20 MHz/cm2. The bottleneck was found to be the speed at which the hits are read\u0000 out. This yielded new design ideas to improve the readout for MightyPix2, leading to an efficiency\u0000 of over 99 % up to 30 MHz/cm2.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140756433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04030
Machiel Kolstein, Mokhtar Chmeissani, Divya Saini, Juan Carlos Martín Miramón
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mental deterioration that severely impacts memory, disrupts brain functionality and induces physical changes to the brain. It is at present an incurable disease but a timely diagnosis of AD can help to slow down its progression. Invasive methods to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly being used for the diagnosis of AD. Alternatively, because of the growing effort in trying to detect the early markers of AD, nowadays there are many neuroimaging projects developing non-invasive dedicated brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanners with a helmet shape. In this work, a helmet shaped brain PET is proposed with high spatial and energy resolutions, which could play a vital role in the early diagnosis of AD. It consists of highly 3D segmented detector modules with a density of more than 350 channels/cm3 and a seamless geometry based on trapezoidal-shaped modules equipped with semiconductor CdTe detectors. The proposed helmet brain PET scanner has an axial field-of-view (FOV) of 154 mm, and inner and outer radii of 133 mm and 206 mm respectively. Its performance has been evaluated via simulations based on NEMA protocols and compared to other brain PET scanners. Additionally, brain PET/CT images in DICOM format were used for a more realistic and stringent test of the imaging quality of the proposed PET scanner and the reconstruction of regional FDG uptakes. Results are presented that show that the proposed PET scanner can detect deviations in uptake of 2% or larger from a reference image.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种严重影响记忆力、破坏大脑功能并诱发大脑物理变化的精神衰退疾病，目前是一种无法治愈的疾病，但及时诊断阿尔茨海默病有助于延缓其进展。另外，由于越来越多的人努力尝试检测 AD 的早期标记物，如今有许多神经影像项目正在开发头盔形状的无创专用脑正电子发射断层扫描（PET）扫描仪。它由密度超过 350 个通道/立方厘米的高度三维分割探测器模块和基于梯形模块的无缝几何结构组成，梯形模块配备半导体碲化镉探测器。此外，还使用 DICOM 格式的脑 PET/CT 图像对拟议的 PET 扫描仪的成像质量和区域 FDG 摄取量的重建进行了更真实、更严格的测试。
{"title":"Simulation of a semiconductor voxelized helmet brain PET scanner","authors":"Machiel Kolstein, Mokhtar Chmeissani, Divya Saini, Juan Carlos Martín Miramón","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mental deterioration that severely impacts memory, disrupts brain functionality and induces physical changes to the brain.\u0000It is at present an incurable disease but a timely diagnosis of AD can help to slow down its progression.\u0000Invasive methods to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly being used for the diagnosis of AD.\u0000Alternatively, because of the growing effort in trying to detect the early markers of AD,\u0000 nowadays there are many neuroimaging projects developing\u0000 non-invasive dedicated brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanners with a helmet shape.\u0000In this work, a helmet shaped brain PET is proposed with high spatial and energy resolutions, which could play a vital role in the early diagnosis of AD.\u0000It consists of highly 3D segmented detector modules with a density of more than 350 channels/cm3 and a seamless geometry based on trapezoidal-shaped modules equipped with semiconductor CdTe detectors.\u0000The proposed helmet brain PET scanner has an axial field-of-view (FOV) of 154 mm, and inner and outer radii of 133 mm and 206 mm respectively.\u0000Its performance has been evaluated via simulations based on NEMA protocols and compared to other brain PET scanners.\u0000Additionally, brain PET/CT images in DICOM format were used for a more realistic and stringent test of the imaging quality of the proposed PET scanner and the reconstruction of regional FDG uptakes.\u0000Results are presented that show that the proposed PET scanner\u0000 can detect deviations in uptake of 2% or larger from a reference image.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04018
R.P. Sukiasyan, A. Danghyan, R.A. Apreyan, N.S. Gharibyan, A.K. Atanesyan
The synthesis, IR spectroscopy, thermal and UV-Vis transmittance of the new lithium iodate crystal: (H3O)Li2(IO3)3, were studied. The crystal structure of (H3O)+·2(Li)+· 3(IO3)- was determined by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis at 100(2) K. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/n) with the parameters: a = 8.3266(12) Å, b = 10.9893(17) Å, c = 11.2472(17) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 111.360(4)° and Z(Z') = 4(1). The structure contains a hydronium cation (H3O)+, three crystallographic independent trigonal pyramidal IO3 anions, and two independent cations (Li)+ coordinated each by four oxygen atoms 3(IO3)- at the apices of strongly deformed tetrahedrons. The research results have revealed the mechanisms of crystal formation and the characteristic absorption bands of functional groups, which are of scientific importance. The possibility of the existence of certain properties is also discussed.
{"title":"(H3O)Li2(IO3)3: crystal structure and IR spectrum","authors":"R.P. Sukiasyan, A. Danghyan, R.A. Apreyan, N.S. Gharibyan, A.K. Atanesyan","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The synthesis, IR spectroscopy, thermal and UV-Vis transmittance of the new lithium iodate crystal: (H3O)Li2(IO3)3, were studied. The crystal structure of (H3O)+·2(Li)+· 3(IO3)- was determined by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis at 100(2) K. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/n) with the parameters: a = 8.3266(12) Å, b = 10.9893(17) Å, c = 11.2472(17) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 111.360(4)° and Z(Z') = 4(1). The structure contains a hydronium cation (H3O)+, three crystallographic independent trigonal pyramidal IO3 anions, and two independent cations (Li)+ coordinated each by four oxygen atoms 3(IO3)- at the apices of strongly deformed tetrahedrons. The research results have revealed the mechanisms of crystal formation and the characteristic absorption bands of functional groups, which are of scientific importance. The possibility of the existence of certain properties is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04035
D. Gorni, G. Carini, G. Deptuch, A. Kuczewski, P. Maj, S. Mandal, G. Pinaroli, A. Rumaiz, D. Siddons, N.St. John
Data bandwidth, timing resolution and resource utilization in readouts of radiation detectors are a constant challenge. Event driven solutions are pushing against well-trenched framed solutions. The idea for an asynchronous readout architecture called EDWARD (Event-Driven With Access and Reset Decoder) was presented at the TWEPP 2021 conference. Here we show the progress of our work which resulted in two chip prototypes. The first one, named 3FI65P1, is a full device with the analog pixel circuitry suited for full-field fluorescence imaging. It is already manufactured, and preliminary results are presented. The second chip, named EDWARD65P1, contains digital pulse generators with Poisson-exponential distribution in each pixel for extraction of the performance matrix of the EDWARD architecture alone.
辐射探测器读数的数据带宽、定时分辨率和资源利用率一直是个挑战。事件驱动解决方案正在与根深蒂固的框架解决方案相抗衡。在 TWEPP 2021 会议上，我们提出了名为 EDWARD（事件驱动访问和重置解码器）的异步读出架构。在此，我们展示了我们的工作进展，并最终推出了两款芯片原型。第一个原型名为 3FI65P1，是一个带有模拟像素电路的完整器件，适用于全场荧光成像。它已经制造完成，并展示了初步结果。第二块芯片名为 EDWARD65P1，包含数字脉冲发生器，每个像素均为泊松指数分布，可单独提取 EDWARD 架构的性能矩阵。
{"title":"Integration of EDWARD readout architecture in full-field fluorescence imaging detector","authors":"D. Gorni, G. Carini, G. Deptuch, A. Kuczewski, P. Maj, S. Mandal, G. Pinaroli, A. Rumaiz, D. Siddons, N.St. John","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data bandwidth, timing resolution and resource utilization in readouts of radiation detectors are a constant challenge. Event driven solutions are pushing against well-trenched framed solutions. The idea for an asynchronous readout architecture called EDWARD (Event-Driven With Access and Reset Decoder) was presented at the TWEPP 2021 conference. Here we show the progress of our work which resulted in two chip prototypes. The first one, named 3FI65P1, is a full device with the analog pixel circuitry suited for full-field fluorescence imaging. It is already manufactured, and preliminary results are presented. The second chip, named EDWARD65P1, contains digital pulse generators with Poisson-exponential distribution in each pixel for extraction of the performance matrix of the EDWARD architecture alone.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04032
K. Stachon, G. Dissertori, T. Gadek, W. Lustermann
The ECAL Barrel and MTD Barrel Timing Layer subdetectors of CMS are approaching series production of electronic boards, including voltage conditioning PCBs: LVRs and PCCs respectively. 2448 LVRs and 864 PCCs will be installed during LS3 of the LHC. These boards are hosting radiation-tolerant bPOL12V ASICs which convert a broad input voltage range into required voltage levels for microelectronics between 1.2–2.5 V. Each card must be tested multiple times at various production stages to ensure its conformity. This contribution describes a methodology of testing bPOL12V conversion quality including the detection of instability regions at certain load levels.
{"title":"Universal test system for boards hosting bPOL12V DC-DC converters","authors":"K. Stachon, G. Dissertori, T. Gadek, W. Lustermann","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ECAL Barrel and MTD Barrel Timing Layer subdetectors of CMS are approaching series production of electronic boards, including voltage conditioning PCBs: LVRs and PCCs respectively. 2448 LVRs and 864 PCCs will be installed during LS3 of the LHC. These boards are hosting radiation-tolerant bPOL12V ASICs which convert a broad input voltage range into required voltage levels for microelectronics between 1.2–2.5 V. Each card must be tested multiple times at various production stages to ensure its conformity. This contribution describes a methodology of testing bPOL12V conversion quality including the detection of instability regions at certain load levels.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04008
M. Missio
The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with an instantaneous luminosity up to L ≈ 7.5 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger performance. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the forward region for pile-up mitigation and luminosity measurement. This detector, based on Low Gain Avalanche Detectors and custom ASICs, will provide a time resolution of 30 ps per track at the beginning of HL-LHC and 50 ps at the end. This proceeding paper will summarise the overall specifications of the HGTD as well as the project status.
{"title":"Overview of the ATLAS High-Granularity Timing Detector: project status and results","authors":"M. Missio","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the high-luminosity phase of the Large\u0000 Hadron Collider (LHC) with an instantaneous luminosity up to L ≈ 7.5 ×\u0000 1034 cm-2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and\u0000 trigger performance. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the forward\u0000 region for pile-up mitigation and luminosity measurement. This detector, based on Low Gain\u0000 Avalanche Detectors and custom ASICs, will provide a time resolution of 30 ps per track at the\u0000 beginning of HL-LHC and 50 ps at the end. This proceeding paper will summarise the overall\u0000 specifications of the HGTD as well as the project status.","PeriodicalId":507814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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