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Trans language activism and intersectional coalitions 跨语言行动主义和跨部门联盟
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12661
Lal Zimman
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引用次数: 0
Practical steps toward making trans language activism better 改进跨语言活动的实际步骤
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12660
Kirby Conrod
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引用次数: 0
Trans language activism from the Global South* 来自全球南部的跨语言行动主义*
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12658
Rodrigo Borba, Mariah Rafaela Silva
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引用次数: 0
Trans* of color im/possibilities in trans language activism 有色人种跨性别语言行动主义的影响/可能性
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12659
Andrea Bolivar
<p>In “Trans Language Activism and Intersectional Coalitions,” Lal Zimman offered a compelling account of the complexities and challenges of trans language activism in the current political moment. Zimman urged that “trans people's linguistic issues are best addressed as part of coalitions built on intersectional models of sociolinguistic justice” because “transphobia's impacts are felt most intensely when coarticulated with other axes of oppression.” However, Zimman importantly demonstrated that “the most visible and well-resourced types of trans (language) activism tend to represent the perspectives of relatively privileged trans people, in which racism, colonialism, ableism, classism, and other kinds of subjugation can easily manifest.” Indeed, we find ourselves in the middle of many binds, and the stakes are high. How do we carefully critique dominant trans language activism when all trans people are under attack? How do we contest invisibilization without falling into the many traps of visibility? How do we advance activist efforts without prioritizing the most privileged activists? How can we center the most marginalized without objectifying and exploiting them?</p><p>Although I alone cannot answer all of these questions (here or elsewhere), I offer something that I believe Zimman sets the foundation for and gestures to in this piece: the possibility that in the pitfalls and failures of dominant trans language activism lie queer, radical, and liberatory possibilities. In a conversation between Green and Bey about the relationship between Black feminist thought and trans* feminism, Green (<span>2017</span>, p. 447) stated, “The fear of losing categories isn't the trap. The trap is believing that these categories have the capacity to deliver us to ourselves fully and wholly.” Green continued: “Identities like language help to bring us closer to a thing or a being, but we never fully arrive at the materiality, the flesh of the matter, and I don't know if we should try to remedy that.”</p><p>The youngest interlocutor in my ethnographic research with sex working transgender Latinas in Chicago exemplifies Green's wise words. Mercury is 18 years old and disabled. To describe her gender identity, she uses the words “transgender,” “transgender woman,” “trans femme,” “demi-girl,” “non-binary,” and “woman” interchangeably. To describe her racial identity, she uses the words “Black,” “Black Latina,” “Afro-Latina,” “Afro-Puerto Rican,” and “Puerto Rican” interchangeably. How she articulates her race and gender changes depending on how she feels and who she is speaking to. Yet, she explains that “no one word fits me perfectly.”</p><p>Mercury lives in a homeless shelter that is lauded as a model of queer progressiveness, inclusivity, and “intersectionality” in Chicago. The staff, however, construct Mercury as “difficult” and “complicated.” She expresses rage, slips between race and gender categories, and pushes the boundaries around taken-for-granted unde
在 "跨语言行动主义与跨部门联盟 "一文中,拉尔-齐曼(Lal Zimman)对当前政治形势下跨语言行动主义的复杂性和挑战进行了令人信服的阐述。齐曼呼吁,"变性人的语言问题最好作为建立在社会语言正义交叉模式基础上的联盟的一部分来解决",因为 "当变性仇视与其他压迫轴心共同作用时,变性仇视的影响最为强烈"。然而,齐默曼重要地表明,"最引人注目、资源最充足的跨性别(语言)行动主义往往代表了相对享有特权的跨性别者的观点,其中种族主义、殖民主义、能力主义、阶级主义和其他类型的压迫很容易表现出来"。的确,我们发现自己处于诸多束缚之中,而且利害关系重大。当所有跨性别者都受到攻击时,我们如何仔细批判占主导地位的跨性别语言行动主义?我们如何在反对隐蔽化的同时又不陷入能见度的诸多陷阱?我们如何在不优先考虑最有特权的积极分子的情况下推动积极分子的努力?虽然我一个人无法回答所有这些问题(在这里或其他地方),但我认为齐默曼在这篇文章中为我们奠定了基础并做出了姿态:在占主导地位的跨性别语言行动主义的陷阱和失败中蕴藏着同性恋、激进和解放的可能性。在格林与贝伊关于黑人女权主义思想与跨性别女权主义之间关系的对话中,格林(2017 年,第 447 页)说:"害怕失去类别并不是陷阱。陷阱在于相信这些范畴有能力让我们完全彻底地回归自我。"格林继续说道:"像语言这样的身份有助于拉近我们与某一事物或存在的距离,但我们从未完全到达物质性,即事物的肉体,我不知道我们是否应该试图弥补这一点。"在我与芝加哥从事性工作的变性拉丁裔女性的人种学研究中,最年轻的对话者充分体现了格林的睿智之言。水星今年 18 岁,是一名残疾人。在描述自己的性别身份时,她交替使用 "变性人"、"变性女人"、"变性女性"、"半女孩"、"非二元 "和 "女人 "等词。为了描述自己的种族身份,她交替使用了 "黑人"、"拉丁裔黑人"、"拉丁裔黑人"、"波多黎各裔黑人 "和 "波多黎各人 "等词。她如何表述自己的种族和性别,取决于她的感受和说话的对象。然而,她解释说,"没有一个词完全适合我。"水星住在一个无家可归者收容所,该收容所被称赞为芝加哥同性恋进步、包容和 "交叉性 "的典范。然而,工作人员却认为水星 "难缠"、"复杂"。她表达愤怒,在种族和性别分类之间游走,并突破了人们对 "变性"、"拉丁裔"、"黑人 "和 "残疾人 "的固有理解。她不仅挑战了一般意义上的性别和种族规范性概念,还挑战了那些试图实现交叉性但实际上是对黑人进行管理的概念,以及那些无法解释在身份类别内部和之间发生的移动和断裂的概念。说白了,不符合规范的,甚至是跨规范的种族和性别类别的惩罚是很严厉的。当无家可归者收容所的工作人员认为水星有 "敌意 "或 "暴力倾向 "时,他们经常威胁要报警。前一天,她可能会向工作人员表明自己是波多黎各人,但第二天,她又会责备同一位工作人员称她为波多黎各人,并要求称她为非洲裔波多黎各人;再过一天,她又会澄清自己只认定自己是黑人,并借此机会 "教育工作人员不要错误地认定他人"。说起这些,她笑了。在讨论对非洲裔拉丁人/黑人拉丁人的抹杀时,我问 Mercury,没有一种种族类别能让她感觉正确,这是否令人沮丧。她回答说:"我是说,拉美黑人不适合。我不适合。我甚至不适合那些不适合的拉美黑人。这并不容易,但我不认为融入其中会让我感觉良好"。正是从本体论的不可能性出发,水星展示了不同身份类别内部和之间可能发生的运动和断裂,并经常抨击芝加哥社会服务部门中的反黑人种族主义、肤色歧视和顺式性别歧视。基于这些原因,她是拉丁裔跨性别黑人潜能的典范。我想起了艾伦-佩莱斯-洛佩兹(Alan Pelaez Lopez)所写的《拉丁裔的 X 是伤口,不是趋势》(The X in Latinx Is a Wound, Not a Trend)一文。 我与其他学者、活动家以及既非学者也非活动家的人一道,呼吁开展更多有关有色人种变性人的生活、爱情和快乐的工作。有色人种变性人如何创造性地使用语言和开展语言活动是响应这一呼吁的一个特别富有成效的途径。这项工作已经奠定了丰富的学术基础(Bey,2022;Green &amp; Ellison,2014;Glover &amp; Glover,2019;Mendoza,2023;Santana,2019;Steele,2022)。然而,当我们提升有色人种变性人的生活、爱情和快乐以对抗过度伤害时,我提醒大家不要强化第二种相关的刻板印象,即变性女性是超级活动家或吉尔-彼得森(Gill-Peterson,2023 年,第 94 页)所说的 "革命演员,她们的每一次呼吸都是对自由的现成乌托邦式渴望"。批判性地关注 BIPOC 跨性别者的语言使用和日常经历也有助于我们摆脱这种二元论的束缚。例如,在我自己的研究中,我的对话者对种族化和性别化术语(如 "pussy")的使用和玩弄,并不容易被定性为对种族主义-顺性别主义和其他相互交织的压迫系统的直接拒绝,而可能更容易被理解为穆尼奥斯(Muñoz,2009 年,第 12 页)理论中的 "不认同",或 "既不试图认同也不拒绝",而是一种第三策略,"策略性地同时作用于一种文化形式,与之合作,并与之对抗"。此外,尽管我的许多对话者的语言、行动和幻想都在向一个没有种族主义-顺性别主义的世界迈进,但有时也会落空,例如强化了反黑人的审美标准。而且,它们往往介于两者之间。认识到这一现实固然令人烦恼,但却能让从事性工作的拉丁裔变性人在整个人类的范围内开展工作,让人们注意到建立联盟这一混乱而又往往痛苦的工作,当然,在所有争取解放的工作中,解决反黑人问题也是核心所在。齐默尔曼提醒我们,"联盟政治本身并不具有解放性,它可能会因为成员无法就共同的优先事项达成一致、不愿承认与他人的压迫同流合污,或依赖于'吸收'和'掩盖'差异的白人/定居者联盟模式而遭到破坏"。关注有色人种变性妇女的语言问题,对于建立跨部门联盟所需的艰难、丑陋但又必要的工作也具有启发意义。"在强调齐曼对主流语言激进主义的敏锐关注,以及吉尔-彼得森对有色人种变性妇女激进主义者形象的洞察力的同时,我还想更广泛地质疑 "激进主义者 "这一标签,并承认那些不自我认同为激进主义者的人在语言和政治上的创造力。在我自己的研究中,这包括那些生活最岌岌可危的人,通常是那些与毒瘾作斗争、流落街头,从而将全部精力用于生存的人。尽管许多最有影响力的活动家过去和现在都处于类似的境况,但我还是想提请大家注意那些没有被认定为活动家或已经被认定为活动家的人。最后,当我们提升最边缘化群体--有色人种的跨性别女性、性工作者、无家可归者和那些与毒瘾抗争的人--的语言和政治时,我也要警惕无处不在的侵占威胁(与持续的治安管理同时存在)及其可能产生的绝望情绪。戈塞特等人(2017 年)解释说,在种族资本主义中,有色人种变性人的能见度、代表性和挪用往往被视为 "门",但实际上是 "陷阱"。然而,他们写道:"除了总是已经是陷阱的门之外,还有陷阱门,那些巧妙的装置不是入口,也不存在,而是秘密通道,会把你带到别的地方,往往是一个还未知的地方"(第 xxiii 页)。因此,按照戈塞特等人(2017 年,第 xx 页)的说法,我邀请我们
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引用次数: 0
Puerto Rican welfare queens and the semiotics of respectability: The language of race, class, and gender 波多黎各福利皇后与受人尊敬的符号学:种族、阶级和性别语言
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12655
Mary Elizabeth Beaton, Whitney Chappell, Ashlee Dauphinais Civitello

In this article, we explore how raciolinguistic parody functions in a society that hegemonically denies racial divisions. Through an analysis of Puerto Rican comedian Natalia Lugo's YouTube portrayals of her character, Francheska the Yal ‘welfare queen,’ we argue that covert racialization operates through a semiotics of respectability, whereby disreputable forms of femininity, class expression, and nonstandard language are co-indexical with the yal’s failure to normatively “whiten” herself. We contend that US colonial narratives that scapegoat poor women of color for the island's poverty are reconstructed in Lugo's parodies by depicting the yal as provincial and excessive. Lugo's performative choices underscore the interplay of linguistic, material, and discursive elements that marginalize the yal, enabling parody without challenging structural inequalities. Our analysis sheds light on the ways in which semiotic practices reify such social hierarchies where they are systemically denied.

在本文中,我们将探讨种族语言模仿如何在一个霸权主义否认种族分化的社会中发挥作用。通过分析波多黎各喜剧演员纳塔利娅-卢戈(Natalia Lugo)在 YouTube 上塑造的人物形象--"福利女王 "弗朗切斯卡(Francheska the Yal),我们认为,隐蔽的种族化是通过 "体面 "符号学(semiotics of respectability)运作的,在这种符号学中,不光彩的女性形象、阶级表达和非标准语言与 "福利女王 "未能规范地 "美白 "自己是同义词。我们认为,美国的殖民主义叙事将岛国的贫困归咎于有色人种的贫困女性,而卢戈的戏仿作品则将雅尔描绘成外省的、过分的女性,从而重构了美国的殖民主义叙事。卢戈的表演选择强调了语言、物质和话语元素的相互作用,这些元素使雅尔被边缘化,从而使模仿成为可能,但却没有挑战结构性的不平等。我们的分析揭示了符号学实践是如何在被系统否定的地方重塑这种社会等级制度的。
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引用次数: 0
Multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction: Diasporic Ukrainians in Shanghai 多种语言、语言选择和身份构建:散居在上海的乌克兰人
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12652
Yuanyuan Liu, Fengwei Liu, Zichen Wang, Ying Mei

This article reports on a study of multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction for six Ukrainians in Shanghai, China. Thematic analysis of data collected from netnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, and narrative frame writing revealed that diasporic Ukrainians’ language choice is both instrumentally strategic and sociopolitically charged; in the public domain, they construct light “citizen of the world” and “nice foreigner” identities; in the private domain, they construct “Ukrainian who speaks Ukrainian language” identity. To understand the seemingly binary or even conflicted situation, we turn to the concept of “social anchoring” and propose a conceptualization of “diasporic people's language choice and identity selection.” This study shows that the construction of diasporic identity is, first of all, an individualistic process, articulating the affective aspect in their seeking psychological stability; it is also a social practice indicating diasporic people's strategies in seeking social stability.

本文报告了对中国上海六名乌克兰人的多语言使用、语言选择和身份构建的研究。通过对网络地理观察、半结构式访谈和叙事框架写作收集到的数据进行主题分析,我们发现散居国外的乌克兰人的语言选择既具有工具性战略意义,又带有社会政治色彩;在公共领域,他们构建了轻盈的 "世界公民 "和 "友好的外国人 "身份;在私人领域,他们构建了 "说乌克兰语的乌克兰人 "身份。为了理解这种看似二元甚至矛盾的情况,我们转向 "社会锚定 "的概念,提出了 "散居者的语言选择和身份选择 "的概念。这项研究表明,散居者身份的构建首先是一个个人主义过程,体现了他们寻求心理稳定的情感方面;同时也是一种社会实践,表明了散居者寻求社会稳定的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Using social media to infer the diffusion of an urban contact dialect: A case study of Multicultural London English 利用社交媒体推断城市接触方言的传播:伦敦多元文化英语案例研究
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12653
Christian Ilbury, Jack Grieve, David Hall

Sociolinguistic research has demonstrated that ‘urban contact dialects’ tend to diffuse beyond the speech communities in which they first emerge. However, no research has attempted to explore the distribution of these varieties across an entire nation nor isolate the social mechanisms that propel their spread. In this paper, we use a corpus of 1.8 billion geo-tagged tweets to explore the spread of Multicultural London English (MLE) lexis across the United Kingdom. We find evidence for the diffusion of MLE lexis from East and North London into other ethnically and culturally diverse urban centres across England, particularly those in the South (e.g. Luton), but find lower frequencies of MLE lexis in the North of England (e.g. Manchester), and in Scotland and Wales. Concluding, we emphasise the role of demographic similarity in the diffusion of linguistic innovations by demonstrating that this variety originated in London and diffused into other urban areas in England through the social networks of Black and Asian users.

社会语言学研究表明,"城市接触方言 "往往会扩散到其最初出现的语言社区之外。然而,还没有研究试图探索这些方言在整个国家的分布情况,也没有研究将推动其传播的社会机制分离出来。在本文中,我们使用了一个包含 18 亿条地理标记推文的语料库来探索多元文化伦敦英语(MLE)词汇在英国的传播情况。我们发现的证据表明,伦敦多元文化英语(MLE)词汇从伦敦东部和北部扩散到了英格兰其他种族和文化多元化的城市中心,尤其是南部的城市中心(如卢顿),但在英格兰北部(如曼彻斯特)、苏格兰和威尔士,伦敦多元文化英语(MLE)词汇的出现频率较低。最后,我们强调了人口相似性在语言创新传播中的作用,证明了这一多样性起源于伦敦,并通过黑人和亚裔用户的社交网络传播到英格兰其他城市地区。
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引用次数: 0
The encruzilhada as a timespace for decolonizing (socio)linguistics 作为非殖民化(社会)语言学时空的 encruzilhada
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12650
Branca Falabella Fabrício
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引用次数: 0
Beyond undoing raciolinguistics—Biopolitics and the concealed confluence of sociolinguistic perspectives 超越种族语言学-生命政治学和社会语言学观点的隐藏汇合
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12640
Brian W. King
<p>Flores and Rosa, in their leading piece, state that one of their main motivations in “undoing” raciolinguistics is their wariness of it becoming siloed as something “raciolinguists” do. As a sociolinguist whose work is primarily classified (with my consent) as various admixtures of queer linguistics, feminist linguistics, and (in my work bridging sociolinguistics and intersex studies) embodied sociolinguistics, I can sympathize acutely with the imposed siloing of critical areas. A feminist linguistic perspective on analysis or a queer linguistic perspective on analysis can be deployed by any scholar (as can a raciolinguistic perspective).</p><p>Before the undoing of raciolinguistics began, in my own work I had realized the value of applying a raciolinguistic perspective to studies of language and embodied sexuality. I applied the raciolinguistic perspective on perceiving subjects to explain how sexual embodiment, linguistic cues, identities, and race are reciprocal, and in confluence, extending the toolbox to talk about “cisheteropatriarchal” perceiving subjects (King, <span>2019</span>). Under this gaze, the embodied practices of those who fall outside of a normative view of what it means to look and act like a straight man become overdetermined (e.g., intersex bodies as well as female bodies and even male <i>commodified</i> bodies), and a lot more is read into their shapes and movements than with normative bodies. It proved very fruitful to bring a raciolinguistic perspective into this embodied sociolinguistic work on sexualized bodies.</p><p>Anticipating these issues, Lal Zimman (<span>2021</span>) has recently written about <i>trans linguistics</i>, a project that is not just for trans thinkers, he suggests, but for those who wish to thoroughly divest from transphobic worldviews while materially investing in the well-being of trans humans. At the same time, in a statement compatible with the leading piece, Zimman argues that trans linguists need to address needs and questions raised by thinkers and activists who are similarly engaged with interrogating racialization and other marginalizing implications for language use (Zimman, <span>2021</span>). So as with Flores and Rosa, there is a sense that the pervasive role of race in worldwide colonialism has injected the relevance of whiteness (and white supremacy) into trans linguistics as well. Serendipitously, Flores and Rosa here draw on the influential work of Riley Snorton (<span>2017</span>), who has emphasized the need to ask what “pasts” have been submerged and discarded to conceal the relevance of race to the sociohistorical development of trans. They adopt that standpoint by asking similar questions about race and linguistics, finding similar concealments. The “colonial co-naturalization” and “joint emergence” of racial and linguistic categories and hierarchies are emphasized in the leading piece, and they remind readers that European colonial logics link European-ness to orderly homog
弗洛雷斯和罗莎在他们的主要文章中指出,他们“毁灭”种族语言学的主要动机之一是他们担心它会像“种族语言学家”那样被孤立。作为一名社会语言学家,我的工作主要被归类为酷儿语言学、女权主义语言学和(在我的工作中,连接社会语言学和双性人研究)具象社会语言学的各种混合物,我非常同情对关键领域的强制隔离。女权主义语言学分析视角或酷儿语言学分析视角可以被任何学者使用(种族语言学视角也是如此)。在种族语言学开始瓦解之前,在我自己的工作中,我已经意识到将种族语言学的观点应用于语言和具体化的性研究的价值。我将种族语言学的视角应用于感知主体,以解释性体现、语言线索、身份和种族是如何相互作用和融合的,将工具箱扩展到谈论“顺异性父权制”感知主体(King, 2019)。在这种注视下,那些在外表和行为上不像直男的规范观点之外的人的具体化实践变得过度确定(例如,双性人的身体,女性的身体,甚至男性的商品化身体),他们的形状和动作比规范的身体更多地被解读。事实证明,将种族语言学的观点引入对性别化身体的体现社会语言学的研究是卓有成效的。预见到这些问题,拉尔·齐曼(2021)最近写了一篇关于跨性别语言学的文章,他建议,这个项目不仅适用于跨性别思想家,也适用于那些希望彻底摆脱对跨性别者的世界观,同时为跨性别者的福祉进行实质性投资的人。与此同时,齐曼在一份与主要文章一致的声明中认为,翻译语言学家需要解决思想家和活动家提出的需求和问题,他们同样致力于质疑种族化和其他边缘化对语言使用的影响(齐曼,2021)。因此,就像弗洛雷斯和罗莎一样,有一种感觉是,种族在全球殖民主义中无处不在的角色,也将白人(和白人至上主义)的相关性注入了翻译语言学。弗洛雷斯和罗莎在这里偶然地借鉴了莱利·斯诺顿(Riley Snorton, 2017)的有影响力的著作,后者强调有必要问一下,为了掩盖种族与跨性别社会历史发展的相关性,哪些“过去”被淹没和丢弃了。他们通过问类似的关于种族和语言学的问题,找到类似的隐蔽处,来采纳这一观点。“殖民地的共同归化”和种族和语言类别和等级的“共同出现”在主要部分中得到强调,它们提醒读者,欧洲殖民逻辑将欧洲性与有序的同质性联系起来,将非欧洲性与难以驾驭的异质性联系起来,作为过去淹没的一部分。同样被抛弃的事实是种族主义的历史发展和跨性别和双性人身体病理化的历史发展是不能分开的,它们相互支撑。20世纪50年代,约翰·莫尼在约翰·霍普金斯医院开创了“治疗”双性婴儿(即出生时性别特征有问题的婴儿)的主要手术模式(King, 2022a)。然而,昆西·迈耶斯(Quincy Meyers)的作品追溯了双性人(和变性人)身体的紊乱框架,表明它比约翰·莫尼(John Money)早了几个世纪,是殖民主义和白人至上主义的遗产。从一开始,“生理性别”就被划分为不同的种族,黑人被认为是性别上最不二形的,而白人被认为是性别上最二形的。这种观念助长了手术矫正的白人化,以维持白人至上(Meyers, 2022)。也就是说,那些身体不符合严格性别二态性的白人婴儿被“固定”下来,以维持白人性别二态性更强的虚构,从而表现出优越的“有序同质性”。这是一种种族、性别和性别的生命政治,其殖民主义逻辑在我们(不知情的)当前的实践中继续存在。因此,殖民时期的种族逻辑与跨性别和双性人(以及他们的病态化)的范畴纠缠在一起,但这一事实在社会语言学分析的种族语言学、酷儿和跨性别观点中大多是不存在的(但有例外,参见Milani, 2014)。社会语言学与令人不安的殖民过程“脱钩”,这些过程仍然具有相关性,在某种程度上,它从根本上是殖民的,其逻辑是与过去割裂。 作为社会语言学家,我们必须面对性别/性别和种族相互影响的历史,以及语言(和语言分析)在重振殖民逻辑中所扮演的角色(Borba &Milani, 2019)在大多数情况下,这是无意和不情愿的。这一点延伸到社会语言学领域本身及其认识论的排他性。如果我们希望听取商业马科尼先生的最近的电话(2021)和西欧解构理论的语境,这样他们可以更认识论包容,然后探索纠缠biopolitics性别、性别、性取向、种族,地缘政治和历史遗留的殖民,我们还在处理,我认为我们必须抵制的对地坑”raciolinguistics”,同样适用于“性别和语言,”“酷儿语言学、”“反式语言学,”语言学的研究主要集中在双性人身上。尼基·莱恩(2021)强调了与马科尼类似的观点,她列举了一些黑人学者,他们写的是关于语言、种族和性的文章,但没有在语言学期刊上发表。她呼吁社会语言学家在少数学者带来的生活专业知识方面更加谦逊,这与跨语言学的观点相呼应(Konnelly, 2021;Zimman, 2021),增加了紧迫性。在阅读这篇主要文章时,我也在文章中发现了生物政治的回声,围绕着我们必须努力解决在社会语言学基础和实践中腐烂的殖民逻辑这一概念——在纳尔逊·弗洛雷斯(Nelson Flores)之前的一篇文章中,这一方向被框定为种族语言学视角的宗谱承诺(弗洛雷斯,2021)。我认为,坚持“宗谱承诺”需要关注生命政治,进而关注生命政治作为一种批判取向如何支持交叉性。正如福柯所证明的那样,性和种族的装置在宗谱上是联系在一起的,性别也是如此(Repo, 2016)。我建议,当我们面对该学科的殖民遗产时,对生物政治和生物权力的关注(福柯,1978年,2003年)将有助于种族语言学、酷儿语言学、女权主义语言学和跨语言的观点为所有社会语言学家所利用。但首先,我必须解释我所说的生物政治是什么意思,然后才能更详细地讨论它的“去孤岛化”潜力。福柯认为,生命权力(主权权力的现代表现形式)通过两个极点作用于人类生活:解剖政治和生命政治。解剖政治作用于身体,使它们更有生产力,但又足够温顺,可以融入控制系统。生物政治极点作为一种资源,在人口水平上调节身体的生殖能力(健康、寿命等)。对福柯来说,性是这两个极点之间的“枢纽”,因为性是产生更多身体的活动,也是服从纪律干预的活动(Pugliese &Stryker, 2009)。福柯毫不含糊地将种族主义和殖民主义联系到这个等式中,在他的谱系中抓住了殖民主义中国家对种族的操纵是生物权力合理性的核心(Mills, 2018,第167页)。当一个人在处理种族语言学视角处理的话题时,这种对现代权力结构的批判视角有很多东西可以提供,特别是“……质疑现代知识项目和生活方式的殖民再生产和转变”(弗洛雷斯& &;罗莎,这个问题——我的重点)。在类似的轨道上,Joseph Pugliese和Susan Stryker(2009)利用生物政治框架,在种族主体、主体性和实践的微观政治背景下,追踪了白人作为“权力的宏观政治结构”的运作。这种生物政治方法的有用性与弗洛雷斯和罗莎在这个问题上提出的论点相吻合。弗洛雷斯和罗莎在这里鼓励我们理解种族是现代民族国家不可或缺的一部分,是殖民主义的产物。在不同的案例中,它的公开性各不相同,但需要对“黑人和土著的非人性化”进行局部调查,这种非人性化与跨性别和双性人的非人性化是一致的,都是“奴隶制的来世”的一部分,坚持殖民逻辑,然后分散在世界上(Wolff et al., 2022)。在进行社会语言学分析时,我们必须在
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引用次数: 0
Enfoques raciolingüísticos y análisis multidimensionales de los vínculos entre la raza, el lenguaje y el poder 种族、语言和权力之间联系的推理语言学方法和多维分析
IF 1.9 1区 文学 Q2 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/josl.12645
Sherina Feliciano-Santos
<p>El enfoque raciolingüístico de Flores y Rosa brinda un importante marco político, histórico, relacional y sensorial para entender cómo se racializan las personas y cómo la acción social se vuelve interpretable a través de un lente racializado. Me baso en este análisis para subrayar la importancia de que estudios que se enfoquen en la raza y el lenguaje consideren un análisis multivectorial que sea dinámico, histórico y consciente de las complejas relaciones de poder involucradas en vincular la raza y el lenguaje. Según entiendo, el argumento de Flores y Rosa es un llamado a evitar un enfoque analítico que trate la raza y su relación con el lenguaje como categorías ahistóricas descontextualizadas a través del espacio y el tiempo.</p><p>La atención a la interfaz sensorial que impacta cómo se experimenta la raza en forma interactiva también significa prestar atención a las circunstancias históricas y las relaciones de poder que producen la raza como una categoría perceptible de diferenciación social, ya sea través de aspectos del habla y el lenguaje, la apariencia física, la ascendencia genealógica, y/o cualquier característica que se asocie históricamente con categorías raciales en un lugar y tiempo determinado. Esto requiere el reconocimiento y análisis simultáneo de la raza como una construcción colonial, como un ancla de las relaciones sociales, y una base para ciertas formas de identidad. En este ensayo, discuto brevemente las categorías raciales como órdenes coloniales complejos y multifacéticos, luego destaco un marco multivectorial que, al reconocer la multidimensionalidad de la instanciación racial, permite un análisis de cómo la raza y su relación con los fenómenos lingüísticos podrían construirse, experimentarse, reproducirse y ser desafiados.</p><p>Pensar en la colonialidad como productora de los órdenes sociales modernos que a su vez producen la raza como importante vector y representante de las experiencias socioculturales a través de diferentes situaciones históricas y geopolíticas nos permite ver, analíticamente, cómo estas categorías producen también intersticios y vacíos donde las limitaciones y excesos de las categorías presupuestas son insuficientes y no corresponden claramente a conceptualizaciones y experiencias identitarias y lingüísticas vividas. Con el objetivo de comprender las formas multifacéticas y duraderas en que los proyectos coloniales europeos han estructurado sistemas de conocimiento, jerarquías y cultura para reproducir el poder colonial eurocéntrico, debemos preguntarnos: ¿qué se borra, excluye, o sobredetermina en las amplias categorías de lenguaje y raza que usamos para trazar patrones demográficos?</p><p>En este contexto, las discusiones sobre raza pueden entenderse con relación a los modos distintivos de organizar diferencia dentro de la colonialidad. El concepto de colonialidad (Quijano, <span>2000</span>) apunta a las condiciones epistemológicas que se configuran según las circunstancias político-económi
这表明真诚种族区分解析种族概念的真实性和考虑把“如何的人,他的思考和感觉的身分存在明显,尤其是当这种身份境内活动的社会环境,包括许多中和超出其立即控制”(11)。这个观点显示个人的复杂关系与他们的祖先是熟人和陌生人的种族类别分配,额,和无数思考模式种族和种族命令通过geohistóricas轨迹和政治边界,而通过这些移动的人。人们如何与种族联系的这一方面提醒我们,种族、身份和语言之间的关系不是停滞不前的,也不总是容易通过外部感知行为进行评估。第三个向量讨论了感知他人与种族评估的可感知和可知性方面的关系,并将种族类别分配给他人。这一向量强调了种族秩序和等级是如何在结构上复制的,而不管社会行动者是否经历了种族方面的互动,例如种族偏见的经验和产生。简·希尔(Jane Hill, 2008)等人(Chun, 2016, Pardo, 2013)的著作《白人种族主义的日常语言》(Everyday Language of White Racism, 2008)展示了关于种族主义起源的不同理论如何阐明种族主义被假定运作的机制和规模,无论是个人的、人际的还是结构性的。这种方法还强调了对种族的制度和互动看法如何影响在特定类别中种族化的社会行动者,以及这如何导致种族类别的复制和影响。第四个方面考虑了以前关系的相互作用,考虑到围绕种族化经历的群体和传统的历史形成。如果形成了这样的群体,他们如何根据共同的故事和经验定义包容?这些标准如何与自己和他人对类别、可居住性和种族秩序的感知相关联?这就是我们在类别和归属方面看到的关于种族的争论,也许更接近于关于“真实性”的争论,杰克逊对比了他的真诚概念。我们看到的不是与种族类别和主张的内在关系,而是种族身份和认同的关系评估,通常在Bucholtz和Hall(2005)提出的身份和互动框架内发挥作用。这个过程总是充满了分离的潜力(Meek, 2011),以及行动者如何建立种族类别和问题的差异。考虑各个流程和媒介参与实验的读取物化身体作为一个网站内种族和争议性的分类更为广泛的命令殖民地,使我们能够动态定位中的加工过程coarticulación种族类别和尸体racializados lingüísticas和声音instanciadas品种(小国,2020年)。它还允许我们探讨在这些背景下,人们如何与(或不)不同形式的主体性和种族身份相关。在这方面,有必要仔细分析以一起interaccionales背景、相关大风,地缘政治等方面讨论试图系种族和种族成员通过标准从特征显现出来、物理和声乐estilizaciones conceptualizaciones族谱、想法、做法和传统遗产。这种分析为我们提供了一个想法,即在地缘政治边界内和跨越地缘政治边界的运动可能会以不同的方式突出或掩盖社会行动者以前在其他种族秩序中的定位方式。它还使我们能够辨别人们对种族、民族和语言类别和界限的不同和复杂的定位方式。最后,它揭示了相互联系的种族和语言秩序如何随着时间和空间的变化而变化,为不同的政治和经济项目服务。
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Journal of Sociolinguistics
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