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Minority faith and environmental justice 少数派信仰和环境正义
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12564
Sumaia A. Al‐Kohlani, Heather E. Campbell, Stephen Omar El‐Khatib
Abstract Decades of research indicate that most Census‐measured U.S. racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately impacted by environmental disamenities, all else equal; the study of this is referred to as Environmental Justice (EJ) research. Yet both U.S. and world history show that another minoritized group is religious minorities. If so, this has health consequences and policy implications. Houses of worship (HOWs) are visible and physical symbols of religion. We use tax records to locate Jewish, Muslim, and Buddhist or Hindu HOWs within census tracts for the entire contiguous United States. We combine these data with EJSCREEN data to analyze whether air pollution risks are greater in their presence. We find that, even holding constant race, ethnicity, and poverty, two non‐census‐measured religious minorities' HOWs are disproportionately impacted by air pollution in the United States: Jews and Muslims. This new knowledge has consequences for EJ policy and social justice‐motivated environmental research. Related Articles Ash, John. 2010. “New Nuclear Energy, Risk, and Justice: Regulatory Strategies for an Era of Limited Trust.” Politics & Policy 38(2): 255–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.x . Fowler, Luke. 2022. “Searching for Green Elephants and Other Mythical Creatures during the Trump Years: Partisanship and Congressional Voting on Environmental Legislation.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 913–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12499 . Tubadji, Annie. 2023. “You'll Never Walk Alone: Loneliness, Religion, and Politico‐economic Transformation.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 661–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12538 .
几十年的研究表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,大多数人口普查测量的美国种族和少数民族受到环境不利因素的不成比例的影响;这方面的研究被称为环境正义(EJ)研究。然而,美国和世界历史都表明,另一个少数群体是宗教少数群体。如果是这样,这将产生健康后果和政策影响。礼拜堂(HOWs)是宗教的有形象征。我们使用税务记录在整个美国连续的人口普查区内定位犹太教徒、穆斯林教徒、佛教徒或印度教教徒。我们将这些数据与EJSCREEN数据结合起来,分析它们存在时空气污染风险是否更大。我们发现,即使保持种族、民族和贫困不变,两种非人口普查测量的宗教少数群体受到美国空气污染的影响不成比例:犹太人和穆斯林。这一新知识对环境政策和社会正义驱动的环境研究产生了影响。约翰。阿什。2010。新核能、风险与正义:有限信任时代的监管策略。政治,政策38(2):255-84。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747 1346.2010.00237.x。卢克·福勒,2022。“在特朗普时代寻找绿象和其他神话生物:党派关系和国会对环境立法的投票。”政治,政策50(5):913-41。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12499。安妮·图巴吉,2023年。《你永远不会独行:孤独、宗教与政治经济转型》政治,政策51(4):661-95。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12538。
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引用次数: 0
Religious lobbying and policy influence: Christian interest group impacts around the legalization of same‐sex marriage in England and Wales 宗教游说和政策影响:基督教利益集团对英格兰和威尔士同性婚姻合法化的影响
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12559
Daniel Gover
Abstract The influence of religious groups in democratic policy making has often been a source of political controversy. In the United Kingdom, the legalization of same‐sex marriage in England and Wales may in some ways be thought to exemplify the weakening social position and policy power of the churches. Drawing on a mixture of methods—including analysis of newspaper coverage, legislative debates, and policy documents, plus interviews—this article assesses the extent to which Christian interest groups achieved different forms of policy‐related influence, and its dynamics. It finds that, despite important failures, these groups nonetheless achieved various types of success, including over the policy debate, small policy shifts, and “counteractive” influence, reflecting both the weaknesses and persisting strengths of Christianity within British society. The findings are likely to have wider implications for understanding the policy strengths of religious actors in similar contexts of socio‐religious change elsewhere. Related Articles Bramlett, Brittany H. 2012. “The Cross‐Pressures of Religion and Contact with Gays and Lesbians, and their Impact on Same‐Sex Marriage Opinion.” Politics & Policy 40(1): 13–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00337.x . Ledet, Richard. 2017. “Sorting the Left from the Rest: The Communitarian Religious Perspective and Liberal Economic Attitudes.” Politics & Policy 45(6): 1051–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12238 . Tubadji, Annie. 2023. “You'll Never Walk Alone: Loneliness, Religion, and Politico‐Economic Transformation.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 661–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12538 .
宗教团体对民主决策的影响往往是政治争议的一个来源。在英国,同性婚姻在英格兰和威尔士的合法化可能在某种程度上被认为是教会社会地位和政策权力削弱的例证。本文采用多种方法,包括对报纸报道、立法辩论和政策文件的分析,以及采访,评估了基督教利益集团在多大程度上实现了不同形式的政策相关影响,以及其动态。它发现,尽管有重大的失败,这些团体仍然取得了各种各样的成功,包括在政策辩论中,小的政策转变,以及“反作用”的影响,反映了基督教在英国社会中的弱点和持久的优势。这些发现可能会对理解其他地方类似社会宗教变化背景下宗教行为者的政策优势产生更广泛的影响。布拉姆利特,布列塔尼H. 2012。“宗教与同性恋接触的交叉压力,以及它们对同性婚姻观点的影响。”政治,政策40(1):13-42。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747 1346.2011.00337.x。理查德·莱德,2017。“将左派与其他区分开来:社群主义宗教观点和自由主义经济态度。”政治,政策45(6):1051-79。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12238。安妮·图巴吉,2023年。《你永远不会独行:孤独、宗教与政治经济转型》政治,政策51(4):661-95。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12538。
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引用次数: 0
Policy agenda trade‐offs for sustainability: The compositional change of attention about energy in legislative hearings 政策议程对可持续性的权衡:立法听证会中对能源关注的构成变化
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12563
Hyodong Sohn
Abstract The evaluation of relative changes in policy agenda composition using dynamic compositional models can offer a useful way to lead future studies of policy agenda trade‐offs for sustainability. As a specific empirical case, this study examines changes in the annual composition of legislative attention in the United States congressional hearings on energy as a substantive issue domain. Using the description texts of hearings, this article assesses the compositional energy topic changes of conventional agendas, other general agendas, and unconventional agendas, including environmental and social agendas. By focusing on how economic contextual shocks, along with political factors, shape the energy agenda attention mix, this study discovers that conventional agendas related to energy topics in U.S. congressional hearings are relatively less likely to be discussed when economic conditions are adverse under Democratic legislature controls. It illustrates example conditions under which policy agenda subtopics for sustainability are more likely to be pursued at the expense of which subtopics. Related Articles Heidbreder, Brianne. 2012. “Agenda Setting in the States: How Politics and Policy Needs Shape Gubernatorial Agendas.” Politics & Policy 40(2): 296–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00345.x . Morini, Marco, and Marco Cilento. 2020. “New Parties, Fractionalization, and the Increasing Duration of Government Formation Processes in the EU Member States.” Politics & Policy 48(6): 1202–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12381 . Steger, Wayne P. 2008. “The President's Legislative Program: An Issue of Sincere versus Strategic Behavior.” Politics & Policy 33(2): 312–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2005.tb00645.x .
利用动态构成模型评估政策议程构成的相对变化,可以为未来政策议程可持续性权衡的研究提供有用的方法。作为一个具体的实证案例,本研究考察了作为实质性问题领域的美国国会听证会中立法关注的年度构成的变化。本文利用听证会的描述文本,评估了常规议程、其他一般议程和非常规议程(包括环境和社会议程)的能源议题构成变化。通过关注经济背景冲击以及政治因素如何塑造能源议程的关注组合,本研究发现,当经济状况在民主党立法机构控制下不利时,美国国会听证会中与能源主题相关的传统议程相对不太可能被讨论。它举例说明了在哪些条件下更有可能以牺牲哪些分专题为代价来推行可持续性政策议程分专题。布里安。海德布莱德。2012。“各州的议程设置:政治和政策需求如何塑造州长议程”。政治,政策40(2):296-319。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747 1346.2012.00345.x。莫里尼、马尔科和马尔科·奇伦托,2020。欧盟成员国的新党、党团化和政府组建过程持续时间的增加。政治,政策48(6):1202-32。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12381。Steger, Wayne P. 2008。“总统的立法计划:真诚与战略行为的问题。”政治,策略33(2):312-29。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747 1346.2005.tb00645.x。
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引用次数: 0
Wicked policy problems and COVID‐19 in small island developing states: The cases of Mauritius and Seychelles 小岛屿发展中国家的恶劣政策问题和COVID - 19:毛里求斯和塞舌尔的案例
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12565
Harshana Kasseeah, Susan Opp
Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic represented one of the most significant wicked policy problems in modern history. Global policy efforts to combat the pandemic reflect a diverse set of approaches, with varying underlying goals and values driving the policy choices. This article studies the pandemic response of two small island developing states, Mauritius and Seychelles, to better understand the policy landscape in this understudied African region. Evidence from these two island nations provides important insights into the opportunities and constraints faced by island developing states. Using in‐depth qualitative interviews with policy actors and reviews of official policy documents, this article studies the policy landscape of these two small island developing states. Findings from this research offer insights for scholars and practitioners interested in the intersection of wicked problems and policy. Related Articles Onyango, Gedion, and Japheth Otieno Ondiek. 2022. “Open Innovation during the COVID‐19 Pandemic Policy Responses in South Africa and Kenya.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 1008–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12490 . Vince, Joanna. 2023. “A Creeping Crisis When an Urgent Crisis Arises: The Reprioritization of Plastic Pollution Issues during COVID‐19.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12512 . Kinyondo, Abel, and Riccardo Pelizzo. 2013. “Strengthening Legislatures: Some Lessons from the Pacific Region.” Politics & Policy 41(3): 420–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12020 .
COVID - 19大流行是现代历史上最严重的邪恶政策问题之一。防治这一流行病的全球政策努力反映了一套不同的方法,推动政策选择的基本目标和价值观各不相同。本文研究毛里求斯和塞舌尔这两个小岛屿发展中国家应对大流行病的情况,以便更好地了解这一研究不足的非洲区域的政策状况。来自这两个岛国的证据为岛屿发展中国家面临的机遇和制约提供了重要的见解。本文通过对政策参与者的深入定性访谈和对官方政策文件的回顾,研究了这两个小岛屿发展中国家的政策格局。这项研究的结果为对邪恶问题和政策的交叉点感兴趣的学者和实践者提供了见解。奥尼扬戈、盖迪翁、奥提诺·翁迪克。2022。“南非和肯尼亚应对COVID - 19大流行政策期间的开放式创新。”政治,政策50(5):1008-31。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12490。文斯,乔安娜,2023。“当紧急危机出现时,危机正在蔓延:在COVID - 19期间重新确定塑料污染问题的优先级。”政治,策略51(1):26-40。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12512。Kinyondo, Abel和Riccardo Pelizzo, 2013。“加强立法:来自太平洋地区的一些经验教训。”政治,政策41(3):420-46。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12020。
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引用次数: 0
The state and the environment: Environmental policy and performance in 37 countries 1970–2010 国家与环境:37个国家1970-2010年的环境政策与绩效
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12561
Andreas Duit, Sijeong Lim, Thomas Sommerer
Abstract The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making. Related Articles Båtstrand, Sondre. 2015. “More than Markets: A Comparative Study of Nine Conservative Parties on Climate Change.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 538–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12122 . Tawiah, Vincent. 2022. “Does Political Ideology Affect the Stringency of Environmental Policy?” Politics & Policy 50(3): 631–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12465 . Viniegra, María Eugenia Ibarrarán, and Salimah Mónica Cossens González. 2007. “Climate Change Research and Policy in Mexico: Implications for North American Security.” Politics & Policy 35(4): 684–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00080.x .
国家在解决社会问题方面的局限性和可能性是政治和政策科学中长期存在的问题,在环境政治研究中也日益如此。为了更好地理解国家在通过政策制定解决环境退化问题中的作用,本文研究了环境政策产出与环境绩效之间的关系。通过对环境困境中国家和市场关系的三种理论观点,我们确定了五种不同的途径。然后我们研究这些途径在现实世界中的表现程度。我们的实证调查涵盖了1970年至2010年期间的37个国家。虽然我们没有看到政策产出和绩效之间联系的全球模式,但我们的探索性分析发现了政策效果的证据,这表明在某些情况下,国家可以通过政策制定来改善环境。相关文章:桑德兰,2015。《超越市场:九个保守党在气候变化问题上的比较研究》政治,政策43(4):538-61。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12122。文森特·塔维亚,2022。“政治意识形态会影响环境政策的严格程度吗?”政治,政策50(3):631-53。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12465。Viniegra María Eugenia Ibarrarán和Salimah Mónica Cossens González。2007. 墨西哥的气候变化研究和政策:对北美安全的影响政治,政策35(4):684-701。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747 1346.2007.00080.x。
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引用次数: 0
The politics of language: Exploring the DREAMers as the “alien other” in the narratives of immigration 语言的政治:探索梦想者作为移民叙事中的“异类”
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12562
Albena Dzhurova
Abstract Recently, the Biden administration banned federal agencies from using the phrase “illegal alien,” replacing it with a less dehumanizing expression (e.g., noncitizen, undocumented immigrant, etc.). This article delves into the origins of the alien reference by surveying the case of the DREAMers—a small subset of immigrants brought to the United States as children. Designated as aliens in the broader immigration context, the DREAMers epitomize a problematic narrative depicting the overall “otherness” as deep‐seated in America. I impose Agamben‘s image of the homo sacer onto the conceptualization of otherness to frame the DREAMers as alienated (exempted from the limits of the political state), waiting to enter society through formal legislation. Critically examining the narratives of policy makers in Congress, I study how political elites use language to reinforce existing power structures. In the two‐decade attempt of Congress to resolve the DREAMers‘ marginalized status, they are infantilized and, hence, stigmatized anew. Related Articles Duman, Yoav H. 2014. “Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 187–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065 . Garrett, Terence M. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump‘s Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 372–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348 . Garrett, Terence M., and Arthur J. Sementelli. 2022. “COVID‐19, Asylum Seekers, and Migrants on the Mexico–U.S. Border: Creating States of Exception.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 872–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12484 .
最近,拜登政府禁止联邦机构使用“非法外国人”一词,取而代之的是一个不那么不人道的表达(例如,非公民,无证移民等)。这篇文章通过调查“梦想者”的案例,深入探讨了“外国人”这个词的起源。“梦想者”是小时候被带到美国的一小部分移民。在更广泛的移民背景下,追梦者被认为是外国人,他们是一种有问题的叙事的缩影,这种叙事将整体的“他者性”描述为根深蒂固的美国人。我将阿甘本的神人形象强加于他者的概念之上,将梦想者塑造为被异化的(免于政治国家的限制),等待通过正式立法进入社会。通过批判性地审视国会政策制定者的叙述,我研究了政治精英如何利用语言来强化现有的权力结构。20年来,国会试图解决“梦想者”的边缘化地位,但他们被幼稚化了,因此又被污名化了。王晓明,刘建军。2014。“减少雾?”移民正规化与国家。”政治,政策42(2):187-220。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065。特伦斯·m·加勒特,2020。“安全机构、联邦地方法院和拘留中心的模拟:特朗普对里奥格兰德河谷移民和难民的零容忍政策的影响。”政治,政策48(2):372-35。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348。Garrett, Terence M.和Arthur J. Sementelli. 2022。“COVID - 19,寻求庇护者和墨西哥-美国移民;边界:创造例外状态。”政治,政策51(3):872-86。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12484。
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引用次数: 0
Parasitical elitism in a sectarianized political system with a rentier economy: The power and practice of the Iraqi political elite after 2003 宗派主义政治体制与食利者经济中的寄生精英主义:2003年后伊拉克政治精英的权力与实践
Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12560
Massaab Al‐Aloosy
Abstract This article theorizes the role of the elite in a sectarianized political system with a rentier economy. It argues that by virtue of the sectarian and ethnic representation of the sub‐identities, the long‐term interests of society are neglected. The reliance on natural resources creates a competition within the elite to seize the state's revenue for narrow interests. Finally, in such a setting, the elite attempts the monopolization of the flow of information to the public to shore up its legitimacy. The case study is Iraq since it is one of the few, if not the sole, sectarianized political system with a rentier economy. The political elite, despite an abysmal performance for nearly two decades, has been resilient and garnered more power. The continuous malpractice encompasses all the political players who agree on the governing rules by which they maintain their position within the system, and with limited circulation of the elite. Related Articles Ali, Hamid E., and Shahjahan Bhuiyan. 2022. “Governance, Natural Resources Rent, and Infrastructure Development: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 408–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12451 . Howie, Peter. 2018. “Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 110–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239 . Khodr, Hiba. 2014. “A Preliminary Comparative Study of Policy Making in Two GCC Countries—Qatar and Kuwait: Processes, Politics, and Participants.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 271–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12068 .
摘要本文从理论上阐述了精英在食利者经济的宗派主义政治体系中的作用。本文认为,由于亚身份的宗派和种族代表性,社会的长远利益被忽视了。对自然资源的依赖在精英阶层内部造成了争夺国家收入以满足狭隘利益的竞争。最后,在这种情况下,精英阶层试图垄断流向公众的信息,以支撑其合法性。以伊拉克为例进行研究,因为它是少数几个(如果不是唯一的话)具有食利者经济的宗派主义政治体系之一。尽管近二十年来表现糟糕,但政治精英们一直很有韧性,并获得了更多的权力。这种持续的渎职行为包括所有政治参与者,他们同意通过这些规则来维持自己在体制内的地位,精英的流通有限。阿里、哈米德·E和沙贾汗·布扬。2022。治理、自然资源租金和基础设施发展:来自中东和北非的证据。政治,策略50(2):408-40。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12451。华仔,彼得,2018。资源依赖型经济的政策转移和多样化:从阿尔伯塔省给哈萨克斯坦的教训。政治,政策46(1):110-40。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239。霍多尔,希巴。2014。卡塔尔和科威特两个海湾合作委员会国家政策制定的初步比较研究:过程、政治和参与者。政治,政策42(2):271-310。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12068。
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引用次数: 0
Fracking Twitter: Utilizing machine learning and natural language processing tools for identifying coalition and causal narratives Fracking Twitter:利用机器学习和自然语言处理工具来识别联盟和因果叙事
IF 1.3 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12555
Andrew Pattison, William Cipolli III, Jose Marichal, Christopher Cherniakov

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has provided policy scholars with a valuable method to gain empirical insight into the power of narratives in the policy process. However, a significant limitation of the NPF has been its ability to deploy this framework on large N datasets due to the labor-intensive nature of collecting narrative data. In recent years, NPF scholars have turned to computational social science tools to address this challenge. This study builds upon this emerging body of literature and our previous work, which uses sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, to evaluate the use of the angel/devil shift across coalitions before and after a major policy change. We examined Tweets that included the terms “fracking” and “New York” before and after the introduction of a moratorium. While sentiment analysis allowed us to gain insight into the narrative structure of the fracking policy discourse space, the labor involved in hand-coding Twitter users into neutral-, pro-, or anti-fracking groups was onerous. This project aims to supplement our natural language processing method by employing supervised machine learning techniques to increase the universe of respondents. We hand-coded 500 Twitter users into neutral-, pro-, or anti-fracking groups and trained a much larger dataset using an extreme gradient boost algorithm to classify a broader corpus of Tweets. This enabled us to expand the number of Tweets used in the analyses. We then applied sentiment analysis on this newly classified larger dataset to reveal differences in the pro-fracking and anti-fracking advocacy coalitions. By using machine learning to classify pro and con Tweets, we gained the ability to achieve significantly greater insight into how these two subgroups employed different narrative and linguistic devices in their Twitter discussions about fracking.

Related Articles

Merry, Melissa K. 2022. “Trump's Tweets as Policy Narratives: Constructing the Immigration Issue via Social Media.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 752–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12487.

Robles, Pedro, and Daniel J. Mallinson. 2023. “Catching Up with AI: Pushing toward a Cohesive Governance Framework.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 355–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12529.

Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narratives on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x.

叙事政策框架(NPF)为政策学者提供了一种有价值的方法,可以从经验上深入了解叙事在政策过程中的力量。然而,由于收集叙述数据的劳动密集型性质,NPF的一个重大限制是它能够在大型N数据集上部署该框架。近年来,NPF学者已经转向计算社会科学工具来应对这一挑战。这项研究建立在这一新兴文献和我们之前的工作的基础上,该工作使用情绪分析(一种自然语言处理技术)来评估在重大政策变化前后联盟之间天使/魔鬼转变的使用情况。我们查看了在暂停之前和之后包含“水力压裂”和“纽约”的推文。虽然情绪分析使我们能够深入了解水力压裂政策话语空间的叙事结构,但将推特用户手动编码为中立、支持或反对水力压裂的群体所涉及的工作是繁重的。该项目旨在通过使用监督机器学习技术来补充我们的自然语言处理方法,以增加受访者的范围。我们将500名推特用户手动编码为中立、支持或反对水力压裂的组,并使用极端梯度提升算法训练了一个更大的数据集,以对更广泛的推文语料库进行分类。这使我们能够扩大分析中使用的推文数量。然后,我们对这个新分类的更大数据集进行了情绪分析,以揭示支持水力压裂和反对水力压裂的倡导联盟之间的差异。通过使用机器学习对赞成和反对的推文进行分类,我们能够更深入地了解这两个小组如何在推特上讨论水力压裂时使用不同的叙事和语言手段。相关文章Merry,Melissa K.2022。“特朗普的推文作为政策叙事:通过社交媒体构建移民问题”;政策50(4):752-72。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12487.罗伯斯、佩德罗和丹尼尔·J·马林森。2023.“追赶人工智能:推动一个有凝聚力的治理框架”;政策51(3):355–72。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12529.沙纳汉、伊丽莎白·A、马克·K·麦克白和保罗·L·海瑟薇。2011年,《叙事政策框架:媒体政策叙事对舆论的影响》,《政治与政治》;政策39(3):373–400。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x.
{"title":"Fracking Twitter: Utilizing machine learning and natural language processing tools for identifying coalition and causal narratives","authors":"Andrew Pattison,&nbsp;William Cipolli III,&nbsp;Jose Marichal,&nbsp;Christopher Cherniakov","doi":"10.1111/polp.12555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has provided policy scholars with a valuable method to gain empirical insight into the power of narratives in the policy process. However, a significant limitation of the NPF has been its ability to deploy this framework on large N datasets due to the labor-intensive nature of collecting narrative data. In recent years, NPF scholars have turned to computational social science tools to address this challenge. This study builds upon this emerging body of literature and our previous work, which uses sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, to evaluate the use of the angel/devil shift across coalitions before and after a major policy change. We examined Tweets that included the terms “fracking” and “New York” before and after the introduction of a moratorium. While sentiment analysis allowed us to gain insight into the narrative structure of the fracking policy discourse space, the labor involved in hand-coding Twitter users into neutral-, pro-, or anti-fracking groups was onerous. This project aims to supplement our natural language processing method by employing supervised machine learning techniques to increase the universe of respondents. We hand-coded 500 Twitter users into neutral-, pro-, or anti-fracking groups and trained a much larger dataset using an extreme gradient boost algorithm to classify a broader corpus of Tweets. This enabled us to expand the number of Tweets used in the analyses. We then applied sentiment analysis on this newly classified larger dataset to reveal differences in the pro-fracking and anti-fracking advocacy coalitions. By using machine learning to classify pro and con Tweets, we gained the ability to achieve significantly greater insight into how these two subgroups employed different narrative and linguistic devices in their Twitter discussions about fracking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Related Articles</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Merry, Melissa K. 2022. “Trump's Tweets as Policy Narratives: Constructing the Immigration Issue via Social Media.” <i>Politics &amp; Policy</i> 50(4): 752–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12487.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Robles, Pedro, and Daniel J. Mallinson. 2023. “Catching Up with AI: Pushing toward a Cohesive Governance Framework.” <i>Politics &amp; Policy</i> 51(3): 355–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12529.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narratives on Public Opinion.” <i>Politics &amp; Policy</i> 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51679,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Policy","volume":"51 5","pages":"755-774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The rule of law in the grip of populist authoritarianism: Hungary and Poland 民粹主义威权主义统治下的法治:匈牙利和波兰
IF 1.3 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12554
Sanem Özer, Asiye Gün Güneş Gülal, Yusuf Kenan Polat

This article examines the impact of populism on the rule of law in Hungary and Poland. It argues that political discourse is important in setting the political agenda and is often followed by the criminalization of minorities, Euroskepticism, intervening in the operation of supreme courts, affecting the decisions of the judges, and disregarding international law and/or supranational legal orders. It also highlights how politicization and securitization increasingly operate under populist authoritarian regimes through the legal system and legislative initiatives to increase the power of the government and the ruling party. Discourse analysis is a valuable tool to reveal whether a legislator's intention serves the people or exploits power to change the structure and functioning of the political system. Thus, this article follows the course of politics in Hungary and Poland from discourse to hijacking democracy through instrumentalizing the rule of law.

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Deegan-Krause, Kevin, and Tim Haughton. 2009. “Toward a More Useful Conceptualization of Populism: Types and Degrees of Populist Appeals in the Case of Slovakia.” Politics & Policy 37(4): 821–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00200.x.

Skowronska, Kaja. 2021. “The Recent Politicization of Immigration in Poland in Light of Preexisting State Practices: Continuity or Change in the Understanding of Citizenship and Nationhood?” Politics & Policy 49(4): 940–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12424.

Zafirovski, Milan. 2022. “Toward a New Political Democracy Index: Construction, Validation, and Calculation for Individual Societies and Types of Society.” Politics and Policy 50(4): 663–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12488.

本文考察了民粹主义对匈牙利和波兰法治的影响。它认为,政治话语在制定政治议程方面很重要,随之而来的往往是对少数群体的刑事定罪、欧洲怀疑论、干预最高法院的运作、影响法官的裁决以及无视国际法和/或超国家法律秩序。它还强调了政治化和证券化如何在民粹主义独裁政权下通过法律制度和立法举措日益运作,以增加政府和执政党的权力。话语分析是揭示立法者意图是为人民服务还是利用权力改变政治体系结构和功能的宝贵工具。因此,本文追踪了匈牙利和波兰的政治进程,从话语到通过法治工具化劫持民主。相关文章Deegan Krause,Kevin和Tim Haughton。2009年,“走向民粹主义的更有用的概念化:斯洛伐克案例中民粹主义诉求的类型和程度”;政策37(4):821-41。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00200.x.Skowronska,Kaja。2021.“根据现有国家实践,波兰最近的移民政治化:对公民身份和民族身份的理解的连续性还是变化?”;政策49(4):940–67。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12424.扎菲洛夫斯基,米兰。2022.“迈向新的政治民主指数:个体社会和社会类型的构建、验证和计算”,《政治与政策》50(4):663-99。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12488.
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引用次数: 0
Aligning policies, maintaining power: State-society conflicts and state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria 协调政策,维护权力:印度尼西亚和尼日利亚的国家社会冲突和国家对粮食危机的反应
IF 1.3 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/polp.12552
Sirojuddin Arif

Despite the importance of food for both economic and political reasons, why do governments respond differently to food crises? To answer this question, this article assesses the politics of state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s. Using the state-in-society approach to politics, this research finds that variation in state–society conflicts explains the differences in Indonesia's and Nigeria's responses to the food crises. Conflicts between the state and urban workers led Nigeria to align its food policies with the need to contain urban workers' grievances, while in Indonesia conflicts between peasants and the state led the government to align its food policies with rural development to raise food production and eliminate the source of rural threats. State responses to food crises are therefore context-dependent policies, deeply influenced by the salient form of state–society conflicts.

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Asare-Nuamah, Peter, Anthony Amoah, and Simplice A. Asongu. 2023. “Achieving Food Security in Ghana: Does Governance Matter?” Politics & Policy, Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12540.

Ayanoore, Ishmael, and Sam Hickey. 2022. “Reframing the Politics of Natural Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Local Content Legislation Process in Ghana.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.

Oehmke, James F., Sera L. Young, Godfrey Bahiigwa, Boaz Blackie Keizire, and Lori Ann Post. 2018. “The Behavioral-Economics Basis of Mutual Accountability to Achieve Food Security.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12244.

尽管出于经济和政治原因,粮食很重要,但为什么各国政府对粮食危机的反应不同?为了回答这个问题,本文评估了20世纪60年代和70年代印尼和尼日利亚应对粮食危机的国家政治。利用国家与社会的政治方法,本研究发现,国家与社会冲突的变化解释了印度尼西亚和尼日利亚对粮食危机反应的差异。国家和城市工人之间的冲突导致尼日利亚将其粮食政策与遏制城市工人不满的必要性相一致,而在印度尼西亚,农民和国家之间的冲突则导致政府将其食品政策与农村发展相一致,以提高粮食生产并消除农村威胁的来源。因此,国家对粮食危机的反应是取决于环境的政策,深受国家与社会冲突的突出形式的影响。相关文章Asare Nuamah,Peter,Anthony Amoah和Simplice A.Asongu。2023.“实现加纳粮食安全:治理重要吗?”;政策,早期观点。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12540.Ayanoore、Ishmael和Sam Hickey。2022.“重塑非洲自然资源治理的政治:加纳地方内容立法过程的见解”;政策50(1):119–36。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.Oehmke、James F.、Sera L.Young、Godfrey Bahiigwa、Boaz Blackie Keizire和Lori Ann Post。2018年,《实现粮食安全的相互问责的行为经济学基础》,政治与经济;政策46(1):32-57。https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12244.
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