International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing最新文献_第8页

Engineering vascularized organotypic tissues via module assembly 通过模块组装工程血管化的器官型组织

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfcf2

Zhenzhen Zhou, Changru Liu, Yuting Guo, Yuan Pang, Wei Sun

Abstract Adequate vascularization is a critical determinant for the successful construction and clinical implementation of complex organotypic tissue models. Currently, low cell and vessel density and insufficient vascular maturation make vascularized organotypic tissue construction difficult, greatly limiting its use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To address these limitations, recent studies have adopted pre-vascularized microtissue assembly for the rapid generation of functional tissue analogs with dense vascular networks and high cell density. In this article, we summarize the development of module assembly-based vascularized organotypic tissue construction and its application in tissue repair and regeneration, organ-scale tissue biomanufacturing, as well as advanced tissue modeling.

充分的血管化是复杂器官型组织模型成功构建和临床实施的关键决定因素。目前，由于细胞和血管密度低，血管成熟度不够，使得血管化器官型组织构建困难，极大地限制了其在组织工程和再生医学中的应用。为了解决这些限制，最近的研究采用了预血管化微组织组装来快速生成具有致密血管网络和高细胞密度的功能组织类似物。本文综述了基于模块组装的血管化器官型组织构建及其在组织修复与再生、器官尺度组织生物制造、高级组织建模等方面的应用进展。

引用次数: 0

Device design principles and bioelectronic applications for flexible organic electrochemical transistors 柔性有机电化学晶体管的器件设计原理及生物电子学应用

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfd69

Lin Gao, Mengge Wu, Xinge Yu, Junsheng Yu

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the flexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work, we summarize the device physics of flexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for flexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of flexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.

摘要有机电化学晶体管(OECTs)由于其可调节的合成、易于沉积和优异的生物相容性，在医疗保健和人机界面方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。将OECTs扩展到柔性器件将大大促进与皮肤的稳定接触，并实现更多可能的生物电子应用。在这项工作中，我们总结了柔性OECTs的器件物理，旨在为材料选择和器件结构提供基本的理解和指导。特别关注先进的制造方法，包括光刻和印刷技术，这为商业化和大规模制造奠定了坚实的基础。并总结了从生物传感器，人工突触/神经元到生物启发神经系统的大量演示示例，以突出智能医疗保健的可观前景。最后，提出了柔性oect面临的挑战和机遇。本文综述的目的不仅是阐述柔性OECTs的基本设计原则，而且为进一步探索可穿戴OECTs在高级生物应用中的发展提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Energy beam-based direct and assisted polishing techniques for diamond: A review 基于能量束的金刚石直接和辅助抛光技术综述

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfd67

Zhuo Li, Feng Jiang, Zhengyi Jiang, Zige Tian, Tian Qiu, Tao Zhang, Qiuling Wen, Xizhao Lu, Jing Lu, Hui Huang

Abstract Diamond is a highly valuable material with diverse industrial applications, particularly in the fields of semiconductor, optics, and high-power electronics. However, its high hardness and chemical stability make it difficult to realize high-efficiency and ultra-low damage machining of diamond. To address these challenges, several polishing methods have been developed for both single crystal diamond (SCD) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD), including mechanical, chemical, laser, and ion beam processing methods. In this review, the characteristics and application scope of various polishing technologies for SCD and PCD are highlighted. Specifically, various energy beam-based direct and assisted polishing technologies, such as laser polishing, ion beam polishing, plasma-assisted polishing, and laser-assisted polishing, are summarized. The current research progress, material removal mechanism, and influencing factors of each polishing technology are analyzed. Although some of these methods can achieve high material removal rates or reduce surface roughness, no single method can meet all the requirements. Finally, the future development prospects and application directions of different polishing technologies are presented.

金刚石是一种极具价值的材料，具有多种工业用途，特别是在半导体、光学和大功率电子领域。然而，金刚石的高硬度和化学稳定性使其难以实现高效、超低损伤加工。为了解决这些挑战，针对单晶金刚石(SCD)和多晶金刚石(PCD)开发了几种抛光方法，包括机械、化学、激光和离子束加工方法。本文综述了SCD和PCD各种抛光技术的特点和应用范围。详细介绍了激光抛光、离子束抛光、等离子体辅助抛光、激光辅助抛光等基于能量束的直接抛光和辅助抛光技术。分析了各种抛光技术的研究现状、材料去除机理及影响因素。虽然其中一些方法可以实现高材料去除率或降低表面粗糙度，但没有一种方法可以满足所有要求。最后，对不同抛光技术的发展前景和应用方向进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in Memristor Based Artificial Neuron Fabrication-Materials, Models, and Applications 基于忆阻器的人工神经元制造研究进展——材料、模型和应用

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfcf1

Jingyao Bian, Zhiyong Liu, Ye Tao, zhongqiang Wang, Xiaoning Zhao, Ya Lin, Haiyang Xu, Yichun Liu

Abstract Spiking neural network (SNN), widely known as the third-generation neural network, has been frequently investigated due to its excellent spatiotemporal information processing capability, high biological plausibility, and low energy consumption characteristics. Analogous to the working mechanism of human brain, the SNN system transmits information through the spiking action of neurons. Therefore, artificial neurons are critical building blocks for constructing SNN in hardware. Memristors are drawing growing attention due to low consumption, high speed, and nonlinearity characteristics, which are recently introduced to mimic the functions of biological neurons. Researchers have proposed multifarious memristive materials including organic materials, inorganic materials, or even two-dimensional materials. Taking advantage of the unique electrical behavior of these materials, several neuron models are successfully implemented, such as Hodgkin–Huxley model, leaky integrate-and-fire model and integrate-and-fire model. In this review, the recent reports of artificial neurons based on memristive devices are discussed. In addition, we highlight the models and applications through combining artificial neuronal devices with sensors or other electronic devices. Finally, the future challenges and outlooks of memristor-based artificial neurons are discussed, and the development of hardware implementation of brain-like intelligence system based on SNN is also prospected.

摘要:脉冲神经网络(SNN)被称为第三代神经网络，因其具有优异的时空信息处理能力、高生物可信度和低能耗等特点而受到人们的广泛关注。SNN系统与人脑的工作机制类似，通过神经元的尖峰作用传递信息。因此，人工神经元是在硬件上构建SNN的关键组成部分。记忆电阻器以其低功耗、高速度、非线性等特点，近年来被广泛应用于模拟生物神经元的功能，受到越来越多的关注。研究人员提出了多种记忆材料，包括有机材料，无机材料，甚至二维材料。利用这些材料独特的电行为，成功地实现了几种神经元模型，如霍奇金-赫胥黎模型、泄漏集成-发射模型和集成-发射模型。本文综述了近年来基于忆阻装置的人工神经元的研究进展。此外，我们还重点介绍了人工神经元设备与传感器或其他电子设备相结合的模型和应用。最后，讨论了基于忆阻器的人工神经元未来面临的挑战和发展前景，并对基于SNN的类脑智能系统的硬件实现进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Two-Photon Polymerization-Based 4D Printing and Its Applications 基于双光子聚合的4D打印及其应用

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfc03

Bingcong Jian, Honggeng Li, Xiangnan He, Rong Wang, Hui Ying Yang, Qi Ge

Abstract Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a cutting-edge micro/nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on the principle of two-photon absorption. TPP surpasses the diffraction limit in achieving feature sizes and excels in fabricating intricate 3D micro/nanostructures with exceptional resolution. The concept of 4D entails the fabrication of structures utilizing smart materials capable of undergoing shape, property, or functional changes in response to external stimuli over time. The integration of TPP and 4D printing introduces the possibility of producing responsive structures with micro/nanoscale accuracy, thereby enhancing the capabilities and potential applications of both technologies. This paper comprehensively reviews TPP-based 4D printing technology and its diverse applications. First, the working principles of TPP and its recent advancements are introduced. Second, the optional 4D printing materials suitable for fabrication with TPP are discussed. Finally, this review paper highlights several noteworthy applications of TPP-based 4D printing, including domains such as biomedical microrobots, bioinspired microactuators, autonomous mobile microrobots, transformable devices and robots, as well as anti-counterfeiting microdevices. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable insights into the current status and future prospects of TPP-based 4D printing technology, thereby serving as a guide for researchers and practitioners.

摘要双光子聚合(TPP)是一种基于双光子吸收原理的前沿微/纳米三维(3D)打印技术。TPP在实现特征尺寸方面超越了衍射极限，并且在制造复杂的3D微/纳米结构方面具有卓越的分辨率。4D的概念需要利用智能材料制造结构，这些材料能够随着时间的推移响应外部刺激而发生形状、属性或功能变化。TPP和4D打印的整合引入了生产具有微/纳米级精度的响应结构的可能性，从而增强了这两种技术的能力和潜在应用。本文全面综述了基于tpp的4D打印技术及其多种应用。首先，介绍了TPP的工作原理及其最新进展。其次，讨论了适用于TPP制造的可选4D打印材料。最后，本文重点介绍了基于tpp的4D打印的几个值得注意的应用，包括生物医学微型机器人、仿生微致动器、自主移动微型机器人、可变形设备和机器人以及防伪微型设备等领域。综上所述，本文对基于tpp的4D打印技术的现状和未来前景提供了有价值的见解，对研究人员和从业者具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Electrically-driven ultrafast out-of-equilibrium light emission from hot electrons in suspended graphene/hBN heterostructures 悬浮石墨烯/hBN异质结构中热电子的超快非平衡发光

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfbc2

Qiang Liu, Wei Xu, Xiaoxi Li, Tongyao Zhang, Chengbing Qin, Fang Luo, Zhihong Zhu, Shiqiao Qin, Mengjian Zhu, Kostya S. Novoselov

Abstract Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics. The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter, which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces. However, due to the zero bandgap, graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (Gr/hBN) heterostructures. Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields, emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range. By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate, the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO 2 or hBN. We further demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium. Direct cooling of high-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface, resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation. It is found that suspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO 2 trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a ∼440% enhancement in intensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation. The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBN heterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonic integrated circuits, such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.

具有高速电调制和低能耗的纳米光源是纳米光子学和光电子学的关键器件。石墨烯创纪录的高载流子迁移率和超快的载流子动力学特性使其成为一种极有前途的原子薄光发射器，可以通过范德华力进一步集成到任意平台上。然而，由于零带隙，石墨烯很难像传统半导体那样通过载流子的带间复合发光。在这里，我们展示了基于悬浮石墨烯/六方氮化硼(Gr/hBN)异质结构的超快热光源。偏置石墨烯中的电子在适度的电场下被显著加热到2800 K，从近红外到可见光谱范围内发射明亮的光子。通过消除衬底的散热通道，悬浮式Gr/hBN器件的辐射效率比在sio2或hBN上支撑的石墨烯器件高出约两个数量级。我们进一步证明了石墨烯中的热电子和低能声子彼此弱耦合，并且不是完全热平衡。在高度局域化的Gr/hBN界面上，通过显著的近场传热，高温热电子可以直接冷却到低温声子，从而在电激励下产生带宽高达1 GHz的超快热发射。研究发现，将Gr/hBN异质结构悬浮在sio2沟槽上，由于光学腔的形成，显著改变了光发射，与黑体热辐射相比，在940 nm峰值波长处的强度提高了约440%。悬浮Gr/hBN异质结构的电驱动超快光发射的演示，为石墨烯异质结构在光子集成电路中的应用提供了新的视角，如宽带光源和超快热光相位调制器。

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引用次数: 1

The Design, Manufacture and Application of Multistable Mechanical Metamaterials-A State-of-the-art Review 多稳态机械超材料的设计、制造与应用研究进展

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acf96a

Rui Xu, Chuanqing Chen, Jiapeng Sun, Yulong He, Xin Li, Minghui Lu, Yanfeng Chen

Abstract Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features, such as reusability, energy storage and absorption capabilities, rapid deformation, and amplified output forces. These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units. They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other, thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials. We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability. Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced, including mold casting, cutting, folding and three-dimensional/4D printing. Furthermore, the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving, mechanical computing, energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed. Finally, this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations. The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.

多稳态机械超材料是一类具有可重复使用、能量储存和吸收能力、快速变形和输出力放大等特殊特性的机械超材料。这些超材料通常通过串联和/或并联双稳单元来实现。它们可以在外部载荷下表现出多种稳定的结构，并且可以在彼此之间反向切换，从而实现了机械超材料的可重复使用，并提供了广泛的工程应用。本文综述了多稳态机械超材料的设计策略、制造及应用等方面的最新研究进展。我们根据双稳结构的基本元素类型将其分为三类，并给出了双稳结构的判据。介绍了制造这些多稳态机械超材料的各种制造技术，包括模具铸造、切割、折叠和三维/4D打印。展望了多稳态机械超材料在软驱动、机械计算、能量吸收和波动控制等方面的应用前景。最后，本文强调了未来研究可能面临的挑战和机遇。本文旨在为多稳态机械超材料的研究与发展提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization, preparation, and reuse of metallic powders for laser powder bed fusion: A review 激光粉末床熔合用金属粉末的表征、制备及再利用研究进展

1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acfbc3

Xiaoyu Sun, Minan Chen, Tingting Liu, Kai Zhang, Huiliang Wei, Zhiguang Zhu, Wenhe Liao

Abstract Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has attracted significant attention since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate metallic components with complex geometry. The quality and performance of as-printed alloys is an intricate function consisting of numerous factors linking the feedstock powders, manufacturing, and post-treatment. As the starting materials, powders play a critical role in influencing the printing consistency, total fabrication cost, and mechanical properties. In consideration of its importance for L-PBF, the present review aims to review the recent progress on metallic powders for L-PBF focusing on powder characterization, powder fabrication, and powder reuse. The methods of powder characterization and fabrication were presented in the beginning by analyzing the principles and corresponding advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the effect of powder reuse on the powder characteristics and mechanical performance of L-PBF parts is analyzed focusing on steels, nickel-based superalloys, Ti and Ti alloys, and Al alloys. The evolution trend of powders and as-printed parts varies for different alloy systems based on the existing studies, which makes the proposal of a unified reuse protocol infeasible. Finally, perspectives are presented to cater to the increasing applications of AM technologies for future investigations. The present state-of-the-art work can pave the way for the broad industrial applications of L-PBF by enhancing printing consistency and reducing the total cost from the perspective of powders.

摘要激光粉末床熔合技术(L-PBF)自问世以来就备受关注，为制造具有复杂几何形状的金属部件提供了前所未有的优势。打印合金的质量和性能是一个复杂的函数，由许多因素组成，这些因素与原料粉末、制造和后处理有关。粉末作为起始材料，对打印一致性、总制造成本和力学性能起着至关重要的作用。鉴于其在L-PBF中的重要性，本文综述了L-PBF金属粉末的研究进展，重点介绍了L-PBF金属粉末的表征、制备和再利用。首先介绍了粉末表征和制备的方法，分析了各种方法的原理和优缺点。随后，以钢、镍基高温合金、Ti及Ti合金和Al合金为研究对象，分析了粉末再利用对L-PBF零件粉末特性和力学性能的影响。根据现有的研究，不同合金体系的粉末和打印件的演变趋势是不同的，这使得提出统一的再利用方案变得不可行。最后，提出了一些观点，以满足未来调查中增材制造技术日益增长的应用。从粉末的角度来看，目前最先进的工作可以通过提高印刷一致性和降低总成本为L-PBF的广泛工业应用铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Femtosecond laser direct writing of functional stimulus-responsive structures and applications 飞秒激光直写功能刺激响应结构及其应用

IF 14.7 1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acf798

Yuxuan Zhang, Dong Wu, Yachao Zhang, Yucheng Bian, Chaowei Wang, Jiawen Li, J. Chu, Yanlei Hu

Diverse natural organisms possess stimulus-responsive structures to adapt to the surrounding environment. Inspired by nature, researchers have developed various smart stimulus-responsive structures with adjustable properties and functions to address the demands of ever-changing application environments that are becoming more intricate. Among many fabrication methods for stimulus-responsive structures, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) has received increasing attention because of its high precision, simplicity, true three-dimensional machining ability, and wide applicability to almost all materials. This paper systematically outlines state-of-the-art research on stimulus-responsive structures prepared by FsLDW. Based on the introduction of femtosecond laser-matter interaction and mainstream FsLDW-based manufacturing strategies, different stimulating factors that can trigger structural responses of prepared intelligent structures, such as magnetic field, light, temperature, pH, and humidity, are emphatically summarized. Various applications of functional structures with stimuli-responsive dynamic behaviors fabricated by FsLDW, as well as the present obstacles and forthcoming development opportunities, are discussed.

多种自然生物都具有刺激响应结构以适应周围环境。受大自然的启发，研究人员开发了各种具有可调节属性和功能的智能刺激响应结构，以满足日益复杂的不断变化的应用环境的需求。在众多刺激响应结构的制造方法中，飞秒激光直接写入(FsLDW)以其高精度、简单、真正的三维加工能力以及对几乎所有材料的广泛适用性而越来越受到人们的关注。本文系统地概述了FsLDW制备的刺激反应结构的最新研究进展。在介绍飞秒激光-物质相互作用和基于fslw的主流制造策略的基础上，重点总结了能触发所制备智能结构结构响应的不同刺激因素，如磁场、光、温度、pH和湿度。讨论了FsLDW制备的具有刺激响应动力学行为的功能结构的各种应用，以及目前的障碍和未来的发展机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges. 多孔金属植入物：加工、性能和挑战。

IF 14.7 1区工程技术 Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acdd35

Amit Bandyopadhyay, Indranath Mitra, Jose D Avila, Mahadev Upadhyayula, Susmita Bose

Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices-allowing for improved site-specific performance; their appreciable mechanical, corrosive, and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants. Examples of such porous materials are metals, ceramics, and polymers. Although, easy to manufacture and lightweight, porous polymers do not inherently exhibit the required mechanical strength for hard tissue repair or replacement. Alternatively, porous ceramics are brittle and do not possess the required fatigue resistance. On the other hand, porous biocompatible metals have shown tailorable strength, fatigue resistance, and toughness. Thereby, a significant interest in investigating the manufacturing challenges of porous metals has taken place in recent years. Past research has shown that once the advantages of porous metallic structures in the orthopedic implant industry have been realized, their biological and biomechanical compatibility-with the host bone-has been followed up with extensive methodical research. Various manufacturing methods for porous or functionally graded metals are discussed and compared in this review, specifically, how the manufacturing process influences microstructure, graded composition, porosity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Most of the studies discussed in this review are related to porous structures for bone implant applications; however, the understanding of these investigations may also be extended to other devices beyond the biomedical field.

多孔和功能梯度材料在现代生物医学设备中得到了广泛应用，从而提高了特定场地的性能；其可观的机械、腐蚀性和生物相容性特性在轻质和高强度承重骨科和牙科植入物中备受追捧。这种多孔材料的实例是金属、陶瓷和聚合物。尽管多孔聚合物易于制造且重量轻，但其本身并没有表现出硬组织修复或替换所需的机械强度。或者，多孔陶瓷是脆性的，并且不具有所需的抗疲劳性。另一方面，多孔生物相容性金属显示出可定制的强度、抗疲劳性和韧性。因此，近年来人们对研究多孔金属的制造挑战产生了极大的兴趣。过去的研究表明，一旦多孔金属结构在骨科植入物行业中的优势得以实现，它们与宿主骨的生物和生物力学兼容性就得到了广泛而系统的研究。本文讨论并比较了多孔或功能梯度金属的各种制造方法，特别是制造工艺如何影响微观结构、梯度成分、孔隙率、生物相容性和机械性能。本综述中讨论的大多数研究都与骨植入物应用的多孔结构有关；然而，对这些研究的理解也可以扩展到生物医学领域之外的其他设备。

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引用次数: 4