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Spelling Norms of the Yakut language and Speech Practice of Ulus (District) Newspapers 雅库特语的拼写规范与乌勒斯(地区)报纸的言语实践
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-88-98
N. Vasilyeva
The aim of the study is to identify and typologize the violations of orthographic norms in the Yakut language in the materials of ulus (district) newspapers. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are envisaged: 1) selection of ulus (district) Yakut-language newspapers for monitoring; 2) orthographic review of newspaper materials; 3) evaluation of the frequency of use and forms of spelling (In Russian script / fonetized form) of borrowed words in ulus (district) newspapers; 4) analysis of typical violations of Yakut orthography rules in ulus (district) newspapers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it describes typical violations and deviations from orthographic norms of the Yakut language in the materials of ulus (district) newspapers. Particular attention is paid to the spelling of words borrowed from the Russian language. During the analysis we have come to the conclusion that in ulus (district) newspapers the spelling in phonetic form of many widely used borrowed words, whose bases were previously transmitted in the media materials in their original form, has become firmly established.
该研究的目的是识别和类型学的违反在雅库特语在乌勒斯(地区)报纸的材料规范。为了实现这一目标,设想了下列任务:1)选择乌鲁斯(地区)雅库特语报纸进行监测;2)报纸材料的正字法审查;3)评价地区报纸中外来词的使用频率和拼写形式(俄文/化形式);4)地区报纸中典型的违反雅库特正字法规则的情况分析。该研究的科学新颖之处在于,它描述了乌勒斯(地区)报纸材料中典型的违反和偏离雅库特语正字法规范的现象。特别注意从俄语中借来的单词的拼写。在分析过程中,我们得出的结论是,在ulus(地区)报纸中,许多广泛使用的外来词的语音拼写形式已经牢固地建立起来,这些外来词的基础以前是以其原始形式在媒体材料中传播的。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept “Soul” and its Translingual Background (a Close Reading of Mourner’s Kaddish and Aleinu Prayer) “灵魂”概念及其翻译背景(细读《哀悼者祷文》和《阿莱努祷文》)
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-157-167
Aleinu, a prayer that initially left us with questions, contains interesting qualities. It comprises the text that has changed its tone over generations. Having become more peaceful and perhaps accepting, Aleinu has kept its power to bind Jewish people together as a reminder to praise God collectively. Co-existence of both particularistic and universalistic themes in such a short piece of liturgy is quite a powerful thing. While preserving the very kernel of Jewish theology (oneness of God and His connection with Jewish people) the text of Aleinu goes further and suggests a very brave idea which signifies an ability of all to understand universal ethics. The historic association of Aleinu with stoicism of Jewish people in the face of tragedy creates an additional dimension for understanding of the meaning of the prayer as a source of hope and comfort. When S. Sulzer created his light melody the most communities know today, he realized the re-assuring spiritual potential of Aleinu.
Aleinu,一个最初给我们留下疑问的祈祷,包含了有趣的品质。它包含了几代人以来改变了基调的文本。Aleinu变得更加和平,也许更容易接受,它保留了将犹太人团结在一起的力量,提醒人们集体赞美上帝。在这么短的一段礼拜仪式中,特殊性和普遍性主题的共存是一件非常强大的事情。在保留犹太神学的核心(上帝的一体性及其与犹太人的联系)的同时,Aleinu的文本更进一步,提出了一个非常勇敢的想法,这意味着所有人都有能力理解普遍的伦理。Aleinu与犹太人在悲剧面前的坚忍精神的历史联系,为理解祈祷作为希望和安慰来源的意义创造了一个额外的维度。当S·苏尔寿创作出他今天大多数社区都知道的轻快的旋律时,他意识到了阿莱努重新保证的精神潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Multilingual Communication in Francophone Bandes Dessinées about Russia 法语国家的多语言交流——关于俄罗斯的Dessinées
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-66-76
Michèle Debrenn
In this paper we examine how the communication of characters speaking different languages is reflected in French and Belgian graphic novels about Russia. We propose to distinguish the situation of bilingual (plurilingual) communication on one hand and the reflection of this situation on the other hand. We built different schemes in order to describe the character’s choice of the language of communication, taking into account the existence of a common language, the communicant’s level of proficiency in different languages, the environment. The choice of French (correct or not) or Russian (correct or not, Cyrillic or transliterated, translated or not) in the following modules of bilingual communication has been analyzed: 1) a speaker of Russian communicates with native speakers of French, 2) he communicates with other native speakers of Russian in a francophone environment, 3) he speaks to himself (or swears), 4) he communicates with native speakers of other languages, 5) a native speaker of French uses Russian languages in communication with native speakers of Russian. In francophone graphic novels, French language is used when English-speaking and Russian-speaking characters communicate. We analyze whether the text in Russian is correct or not, whether it is written in Cyrillic or Latin alphabet, the presence or absence of translation, its correctness, the means to reflect the accent or character’s poor knowledge of French language. In conclusion we propose to discuss the reasons for the common ignorance of language contact in graphic novels.
在本文中,我们研究了讲不同语言的人物的交流如何反映在法国和比利时关于俄罗斯的图画小说中。我们建议将双语(多语)交际的情况与这种情况的反映区分开来。为了描述人物对交际语言的选择,我们构建了不同的图式,考虑到存在共同语言、交际者对不同语言的熟练程度、环境等因素。分析了双语交际中法语(正确与否)和俄语(正确与否,西里尔字母或音译,翻译与否)在以下模块中的选择:1)以俄语为母语的人与以法语为母语的人交流,2)他在法语环境中与其他以俄语为母语的人交流,3)他自言自语(或发誓),4)他与以其他语言为母语的人交流,5)以法语为母语的人在与以俄语为母语的人交流时使用俄语。在讲法语的图画小说中,讲英语的角色和讲俄语的角色交流时使用法语。我们分析俄语文本是否正确,是否用西里尔字母或拉丁字母书写,是否存在翻译,其正确性,反映口音的手段或人物的法语知识贫乏。最后,我们提出讨论图形小说中普遍忽视语言接触的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Polylingual Literary Text: Estrangement and Translation 多语文学文本:异化与翻译
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-17-29
The research is focused on a polylingual literary text and, above all, on its typological and functional parameters. The use of foreign language inclusions and insets creates the estranging effect (In V. Shklovsky’s understanding) and removes the automatism of the reader’s perception of the text information. Special attention is paid to the translation aspect of a polylingual text existence in the multicultural space of the modern world. The issues of the allocation of translation units, as well as the boundaries of translatability and the main reasons of polylingual creative works untranslatability are considered. The hypothesis is put forward that the preservation of the estranging effect resulting from the use of foreign language inclusions and insets in the original text suggests the use of a special estranging strategy by a translator, which, along with the well-known strategies of foreignization and domestication proposed by L. Venuti, can complement the paradigm of culturally-oriented strategies of literary translation.
研究的重点是一个多语种的文学文本,最重要的是,在它的类型和功能参数。外语夹杂和插页的使用创造了异化效应(在V. Shklovsky的理解中),消除了读者对文本信息感知的自动化。特别关注在现代世界多元文化空间中存在的多语言文本的翻译方面。讨论了翻译单元的分配问题、可译性的界限以及多语创作作品不可译的主要原因。本文认为,由于在原文中使用外语夹杂语和插语而产生的异化效应得以保留,表明译者采用了一种特殊的异化策略,这种策略与Venuti提出的异化和归化策略共同补充了文学翻译的文化导向策略范式。
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引用次数: 0
Figurative-aesthetic Understanding of the Phenomenon of the Native Language: Poem by M. Rylsky “Mova” and its Translations into Russian 对母语现象的形象美学理解——雷尔斯基的诗歌《莫娃》及其俄语翻译
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-30-39
The problem of comprehending the essence of the concept of “native language”, despite the rather long interest in it of both linguists and representatives of a number of other sciences (first of all - “joint” with linguistics), remains very urgent at the present time. This is due, on the one part, to the complexity and multidimensionality of the phenomenon being interpreted; on the other part, the originality of accents placed on various aspects of this definition when interpreting it within the framework of various scientific fields (psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, language teaching methodology, etc.). In this situation, it seems appropriate to pay attention to the figurative and aesthetic understanding of the concept of “native language” when it is included in the verbal and artistic structures, where, in addition to constructive, key for the semantic structure, components, by definition, the components that are potentially present in the semantic scope of the concept are also actualized. In this article, the material for consideration in the stated manner was a poem by the classic of Ukrainian literature M.F. Rylsky’s “Mova” (“Language”), which comprehends the phenomenon of the native language, and two of its translations into Russian. The analysis shows that the figurative-aesthetic interpretation of the category of scientific property allows a more detailed and deep description of not only its semantic, but also its conceptual properties. When translating this poem into another, in this case, a closely related language, the translator’s priority task is to preserve the conceptual and aesthetic significance inherent in the image of the language in the original work.
尽管语言学家和许多其他学科(首先是与语言学“联合”的学科)的代表长期对“母语”概念感兴趣,但理解“母语”概念的本质问题在目前仍然非常紧迫。一方面,这是由于所解释的现象的复杂性和多维性;另一方面,在各种科学领域(心理语言学、社会语言学、语言教学方法论等)的框架内解释这一定义时,口音的独创性放在了这一定义的各个方面。在这种情况下,当“母语”概念被包括在语言和艺术结构中时,似乎应该注意对“母语”概念的具象和美学理解,其中,除了建设性的,语义结构的关键,成分,根据定义,在概念的语义范围内潜在存在的成分也被实现了。在本文中,以上述方式考虑的材料是乌克兰文学经典M.F. Rylsky的一首诗“Mova”(“语言”),这首诗理解了母语的现象,并将其翻译成俄语。分析表明,对科学性质范畴的具象美学解释不仅可以对其语义性质,而且可以对其概念性质进行更详细和深入的描述。在将这首诗翻译成另一种语言时,译者的首要任务是保留原文中语言形象所固有的观念和美学意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Educational Status of the Russian Language in the New Demographic and Linguistic Situation in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦人口和语言新形势下俄语的教育地位
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-77-87
The article discusses the status of the Russian language in modern Kazakhstan and related issues of teaching methods. A review of previously published works devoted to this problem is made. The issues of changing the status of the language are considered in the context of changing the demographic situation in the country. It is noted that it was the change in the population by nationality that determined the transition from Russian-Kazakh to KazakhRussian bilingualism. The review of the ethnic composition of the population of Kazakhstan by region, made in this work, indicates its unevenness. The work also carried out a sociological survey of the population in the regions about the presence of the Russian-speaking environment. The results of the survey showed that the southern and western regions are characterized predominantly by Kazakh monolingualism, while the Russian-speaking environment exists in the northern and northeastern regions. The work as a whole identifies a significant change in the language situation in Kazakhstan in recent years. In this regard, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop and introduce a new methodological concept of language teaching in the new realities of life into the educational process of secondary and higher education in Kazakhstan.
本文讨论了俄语在现代哈萨克斯坦的地位以及教学方法的相关问题。对以前发表的关于这个问题的著作进行了回顾。改变语言地位的问题是在改变该国人口状况的背景下考虑的。值得注意的是,正是按国籍划分的人口变化决定了从俄语-哈萨克语向哈萨克语-俄语双语的转变。这项工作按地区对哈萨克斯坦人口的种族构成进行了审查,表明其不均衡性。这项工作还对该地区的人口进行了一项关于俄语环境存在的社会学调查。调查结果显示,南部和西部地区以哈萨克语单语为主,而俄语环境则存在于北部和东北部地区。这项工作总体上表明,近年来哈萨克斯坦的语言状况发生了重大变化。在这方面,得出的结论是,有必要在哈萨克斯坦的中等和高等教育过程中,发展并引入一种新的方法论概念,即在新的生活现实中进行语言教学。
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引用次数: 0
Abkhaz language Ethnocultural Features in the Conservation and Development Vector 保护与发展载体中的阿布哈兹语民族文化特征
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-124-134
E. Shishlova, L. R. Tvanba
The article deals with the problem of preserving and developing the language as an object of small nations cultural heritage on the example of Abkhazia. The relevance of the work is due to the understanding of transculturalism and translinguism phenomenon as a resource for the possible salvation and development of an endangered language. The purpose of the article is to determine the vector of preservation and development of the Abkhaz language. The subject of the study is the ethno-cultural features of the Abkhaz language, as well as understanding the role and place of the phenomena of translinguism and transculturalism in its preservation and development. The methodological basis of the work is a cultural approach that requires the analysis of social phenomena through the prism of such categories as language, traditions, values. As a result, authors determined linguo- and ethno-cultural features of the Abkhaz language; indicated the vector of its preservation and development, which will determine the worthy place of the national language in the “mixed” socio-cultural discourse. In the conclusions, the authors conclude that the processes of translinguism and transculturalism play a significant role in the preservation of the Abkhaz language and ethnocultural heritage in the era of a clear contradiction between globalism and the desire to express local identity.
本文以阿布哈兹为例,论述了保存和发展作为小国文化遗产的语言的问题。这项工作的相关性是由于对跨文化主义和翻译现象的理解,这是一种可能拯救和发展濒危语言的资源。本文的目的是确定保存和发展阿布哈兹语言的载体。本研究的主题是阿布哈兹语的民族文化特征,以及理解翻译主义和跨文化主义现象在其保存和发展中的作用和地位。这项工作的方法论基础是一种文化方法,需要通过语言、传统、价值观等类别的棱镜来分析社会现象。结果,作者确定了阿布哈兹语的语言和民族文化特征;指出其保存和发展的途径,这将决定民族语言在“混合”社会文化话语中的价值地位。在结论中,作者认为,在全球化与表达地方认同的愿望之间存在明显矛盾的时代,翻译主义和跨文化主义在保护阿布哈兹语言和民族文化遗产方面发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Slavic-Turkic Comparisons in the Diachronic Aspect 历时方面的斯拉夫-突厥比较
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-110-123
The article is devoted to a comparative study of the concept man in the linguistic consciousness of the Eastern Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians) and representatives of the Turkic culture (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz) in a diachronic aspect. The globalization processes of the beginning of the 21st century mark the era of “civilizational breakdown” which is characterized by a change in the usual foundations of life and by obvious transformations of society. Thus, it seems relevant and prognostically valuable to reveal the content of the conceptosphere man in the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic groups under consideration in different periods of their life. The aim of the study is to determine the vector of displacement (or stability) of the axiological component in the choice of assessments and worldview ideas about a man among the informants of different generations. As research material, there were used associative dictionaries compiled on the basis of associative experiments conducted in different periods (Soviet and modern). The associative lexicographic material is recognized as one of the most reliable ways to access a person’s linguistic consciousness, the latter being understood by us as knowledge about the world “externalized” by linguistic signs, and its projections in the mental apparatus of a person, i.e., images of consciousness. This associative method of language consciousness research makes it possible to explain the facts of functioning and transformation of consciousness revealed in psycholinguistic experiments through the connection of these facts with ethnocultural peculiarities of ideas about the world of people as members of certain ethnosocial groups, with their general / universal (basic), and ethnospecific (local) cultural values. The comparative analysis undertaken in the research showed that the process of global civilizational shifts brings afore the interest and desire of the ethnocultural community to search for traditional ethnocultural values that (along with basic universal human values) can unite and strengthen the vitality of the ethnos. The work is being carried out with the prospect of further studies of the linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups, of determining the elements of (in)stability, and identifying conflict zones in the linguistic and conceptual picture of the world of Slavic and Turkic ethnic groups.
本文从历时的角度对东斯拉夫人(俄罗斯人、乌克兰人)和突厥文化代表(哈萨克人、吉尔吉斯人)语言意识中的“人”概念进行了比较研究。21世纪初的全球化进程标志着“文明崩溃”的时代,其特征是生活基础的变化和社会的明显转变。因此,揭示所研究的民族在其生活的不同时期的语言意识中的概念圈人的内容似乎具有相关性和预测价值。这项研究的目的是确定在不同世代的被调查者对一个人的评价和世界观观念的选择中价值论成分的位移向量(或稳定性)。作为研究材料,有在不同时期(苏联和现代)进行联想实验的基础上编写的常用联想词典。联想词典编纂材料被认为是接近一个人的语言意识的最可靠的途径之一,后者被我们理解为通过语言符号“外化”的关于世界的知识,以及它在一个人的心理器官中的投射,即意识的图像。这种语言意识研究的关联方法,可以解释心理语言学实验中揭示的意识功能和转化的事实,通过将这些事实与民族文化特征联系起来,即作为某些民族社会群体成员的人们的世界,以及他们的一般/普遍(基本)和民族特定(当地)文化价值观。研究中进行的比较分析表明,全球文明变迁的过程引起了民族文化共同体寻求能够团结和增强民族活力的传统民族文化价值(以及基本的人类普遍价值)的兴趣和愿望。目前正在进行这项工作,以期进一步研究族裔群体的语言意识,确定稳定的因素,并在斯拉夫和突厥族裔群体世界的语言和概念图景中确定冲突地区。
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引用次数: 0
What’s In A Russian English Instagram Username? (on the Material of the Russian Version of the English language) 俄语-英语Instagram用户名中有什么?(关于英语俄语版本的材料)
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-146-156
The present paper examines Instagram usernames of Russian speakers of English. It aims to classify over a hundred Russian English Instagram usernames (collected between 2016- 2021) in terms of their structure, typical linguistic features as well as translingual and transcultural patterns that underpin their creation. This paper argues that Russian speakers of English consciously and / or subconsciously creating their usernames employ a number of translingual and transcultural strategies and practices that are aimed at retaining and transmitting Russian linguacultural identity within such global multicultural English-dominated domain as Instagram. Apart from signalling Russian identity of their owners, the analyzed usernames demonstrate that Russian Instagram users being bilingual en masse (at least, at a graphic level), do draw on Russian English for communication within the landscape of this social media thus facilitating further formation of the Instagram Russian English.
本文研究了俄语使用者的Instagram用户名。它旨在根据其结构、典型的语言特征以及支撑其创建的跨语言和跨文化模式,对100多个俄语-英语Instagram用户名(收集于2016年至2021年)进行分类。本文认为,讲英语的俄罗斯人有意识和/或下意识地创建自己的用户名,他们采用了许多跨语言和跨文化的策略和实践,旨在在Instagram等全球多元文化英语主导的领域内保留和传递俄罗斯的语言文化身份。除了表明其所有者的俄语身份外,所分析的用户名还表明,俄罗斯Instagram用户是双语群体(至少在图形层面上),他们确实在社交媒体的范围内利用俄语-英语进行交流,从而促进了Instagram俄语-英语的进一步形成。
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引用次数: 0
Communicative Behaviour Stereotypes of the Future Teacher of the Russian Language - Bilingual in the Context of Pedagogical Discourse 俄语未来教师的交际行为刻板印象——教学话语语境下的双语教师
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-188-196
The research has linguistic and methodological focus and concerns the development of theory and practice of methods of teaching Russian (non-mother tongue) language to national Russian bilinguals. Substantiation of ‘stereotype’ concept in relation to the key concepts of the research is provided in the article: ‘bilingual personality’, ‘ethno-linguistic consciousness’, ‘sociocultural position’, ‘cognitive-communicative activity’, ‘communicative behaviour’, ‘teacher of the Russian language - bilingual’. The purpose of the research is to establish the reasons and analyze stereotypes of communicative behaviour that are revealed in linguistic and methodological activity of the future teacher of Russian and native languages - Komi-Permyak bilingual in the context of pedagogical discourse.
本研究以语言学和方法论为重点,关注俄语(非母语)民族双语者俄语教学方法的理论和实践发展。文章提供了“刻板印象”概念与研究关键概念相关的实证:“双语人格”,“民族语言意识”,“社会文化地位”,“认知交际活动”,“交际行为”,“俄语教师-双语”。本研究的目的是建立原因和分析交际行为的刻板印象,这些刻板印象是在教学话语背景下未来俄语和母语教师-科米-佩尔米亚克双语教师的语言和方法论活动中揭示的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices
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