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Estudio exploratorio del bullying en Medellín 麦德林欺凌的探索性研究
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.776
V. Rodríguez, Jorge Iván Ríos Patiño, Jacinta Lucía Arias Tobón
Este es un estudio exploratorio sobre el acoso escolar (o bullying) entre estudiantes de Medellin. Para adelantarlo se realizaron 3.373 encuestas virtuales en 36 centros de educacion basica secundaria y media, con el fin de identificar la presencia del fenomeno del acoso escolar y de establecer las formas especificas de su manifestacion teniendo en cuenta edad, genero y grado escolar. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de bullying en el 37,6% de los estudiantes encuestados, expresado en comportamientos de intimidacion o agresion verbal, fisica y psicologica en estudiantes de ambos generos, de todos los grados escolares. La forma de agresion de mayor frecuencia es la verbal y la psicologica, y estas suceden usualmente en presencia de pares y docentes en el aula de clase. Las principales formas de denominacion de los estudiantes que ejercen bullying son agresor y abusador.
这是一项关于麦德林学生欺凌的探索性研究。为了实现这一目标,在36所小学和中学进行了3373项虚拟调查,以确定欺凌现象的存在,并考虑到年龄、性别和年级确定其表现的具体形式。结果显示,37.6%的受访学生存在欺凌行为,表现为恐吓行为或语言、身体和心理攻击,在所有年级的学生。最常见的攻击形式是口头攻击和心理攻击,通常发生在同龄人和老师在场的课堂上。欺凌的主要形式是攻击者和施虐者。
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引用次数: 8
Estrategias de afrontamiento y estilos parentales en madres de niños con y sin trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad 有和没有注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的母亲的应对策略和养育方式
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.786
Rocío González, L. Bakker, Josefina Rubiales
The aim of this study was to compare coping strategies and the parenting styles of mothers of children who have and have not been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd). The sample consisted of two groups: one of mothers of a child diagnosed with adhd (n = 14) and a control group (n = 35). The methodological approach was to apply two scales that evaluate parental educational styles and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (csq), designed to evaluate seven basic coping styles. The results show differences in the perception of parenting styles of mothers of children with adhd compared to the control group, taking the form of more criticism, less expression of affection and more rigid educational behavior. While there were no significant differences between groups in terms of the coping strategies used, a tendency could be seen among mothers of children with adhd to rely more on rational and emotional coping strategies. Identifying the most effective parenting style and coping strategies has direct implications for the treatment of this disorder, as these could have an important impact on how a child’s illness develops.
本研究的目的是比较患有和未被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍(adhd)的孩子的母亲的应对策略和养育方式。样本由两组组成:一组是被诊断患有多动症的孩子的母亲(n = 14),另一组是对照组(n = 35)。研究方法采用父母教育方式评估量表和应对策略问卷(csq),对7种基本应对方式进行评估。结果显示,与对照组相比,患有多动症儿童的母亲对育儿方式的看法存在差异,表现为更多的批评,更少的情感表达和更严格的教育行为。虽然在使用的应对策略方面各组之间没有显著差异,但在患有多动症儿童的母亲中可以看到一种倾向,即更多地依赖理性和情感应对策略。确定最有效的养育方式和应对策略对这种疾病的治疗有直接的影响,因为这些可能对孩子的疾病发展有重要的影响。
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引用次数: 10
Riesgo suicida y desesperanza en pacientes psiquiátricos hospitalizados 住院精神病人的自杀风险和绝望
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.783
Shirley Hawkins Montaño, Alberto Valencia Zableh, Beatriz Helena Caamaño León, G. C. Ospino
La desesperanza (D) incrementa el riesgo suicida (RS). No se conoce esta informacion en una muestra representativa de pacientes psiquiatricos hospitalizados en Santa Marta (Colombia). El presente estudio busco describir la prevalencia y hallar la asociacion entre el RS y la D, de acuerdo con variables sociodemograficas y clinicas, en pacientes con trastornos psiquiatricos. Se realizo un estudio transversal, descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluaron 61 pacientes con la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik, la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck y un cuestionario de datos sociodemograficos. Como principal resultados, se resalta que el 60,7% de la muestra presento RS y el 70,4% D. Se encontro una correlacion significativa entre el RS y la D, tambien entre el RS y los intentos previos de suicidio. No se hallaron correlaciones entre el RS, la D y variables sociodemograficas y clinicas. En conclusion, a mayor nivel de D, mayor RS en la poblacion psiquiatrica estudiada.
绝望(D)增加自杀风险(RS)。在圣玛尔塔(哥伦比亚)住院的精神病患者的代表性样本中没有这一信息。本研究的目的是根据社会人口学和临床变量,描述精神障碍患者中RS和D之间的患病率和相关性。我们进行了一项横断面、描述性和相关性研究。采用Plutchik自杀风险量表、Beck绝望量表和社会人口学问卷对61例患者进行评估。在本研究中,我们分析了两种不同类型的自杀企图,一种是自杀企图,另一种是自杀企图。我们分析了两种自杀企图,一种是自杀企图,另一种是自杀企图。RS、D与社会人口学和临床变量之间没有相关性。因此,D水平越高,精神病学人群的RS水平越高。
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引用次数: 3
Los vínculos que brindan mayor satisfacción en la red de apoyo social de los adultos 在成人社会支持网络中提供更大满意度的联系
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.785
L. Polizzi, C. Arias
Las redes de apoyo social constituyen un tema de gran interes en relacion con los adultos mayores. Su efecto sobre el bienestar integral ha sido extensamente comprobado y por ello se ha incluido entre los principales objetivos, estrategias, planes y recomendaciones internacionales dirigidos a la poblacion mayor. Este estudio se propuso tanto identificar y caracterizar los vinculos de la red de apoyo social que brindan mayor satisfaccion en esta etapa de la vida, como evaluar las funciones de apoyo que estos cumplian segun la conformacion del grupo conviviente. Se implemento un diseno no experimental transversal. El estudio fue descriptivo-correlacional. Se selecciono una muestra no probabilistica-intencional de 120 adultos mayores (de 60 a 85 anos), de ambos sexos y de tres tipos de grupo conviviente: los que vivian solos, los que vivian unicamente con su pareja y los que vivian con otros familiares. A la muestra se le administro el cuestionario de datos sociodemograficos y la Entrevista Estructurada de Fuentes de Apoyo Social (Vaux y Harrison, 1985). Los resultados evidencian el papel central que ocupan los hijos, la pareja y los amigos en la vejez. Ademas, se observaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas segun genero y grupo conviviente en la eleccion del vinculo que brinda mayor satisfaccion.
社会支持网络是与老年人相关的一个非常有趣的话题。它对整体福祉的影响已得到广泛证实,因此已列入针对老年人的主要国际目标、战略、计划和建议。本研究旨在识别和描述在生命的这一阶段提供更大满足感的社会支持网络的联系,并根据共存群体的构成评估这些支持功能。实现了非实验性横向设计。这项研究是描述性和相关性的。我们选择了120名老年人(60 - 85岁)的非概率有意样本,男女都有,有三种同居群体:独居的、只与伴侣生活的和与其他家庭成员生活的。样本采用社会人口学数据问卷和社会支持来源的结构化访谈(Vaux和Harrison, 1985)。本研究的目的是评估老年人的生活质量,并确定老年人的生活质量。此外,在选择提供最大满意度的链接时,性别和用户组之间存在统计学上的显著差异。
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引用次数: 6
Propuesta educativa para la salud del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 2型糖尿病患者健康教育建议
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.791
María de Lourdes Rodríguez-Campuzano, Antonia Rentería-Rodríguez, Antonio Rosales-Arellano, Norma Yolanda Rodríguez-Soriano
Health psychology focuses on the study of the psychological processes involved in health and illness, and incorporates a wide range of activities: health promotion, illness prevention, and attention for both the sick and for people suffering the aftereffects of illness. It also plays a role in the provision of health services according to the needs of the recipients. Given the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2, the conditions and quality of life of people with this disease has become a public health issue that must be addressed seriously. Although the treatment of diabetes is the direct responsibility of professionals and institutions working in this area, a multidisciplinary effort would help greatly in finding a solution or improving the condition, and psychology, as a generator of knowledge that could be applied, therefore has a place in this wider working team. The objective of this research study was to design an educational proposal based on the psychological model of biological health (Ribes, 1990) to promote preventative behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
健康心理学侧重于研究与健康和疾病有关的心理过程,并包括一系列广泛的活动:促进健康、预防疾病、关注病人和遭受疾病后遗症的人。它还在根据受助人的需要提供保健服务方面发挥作用。鉴于2型糖尿病在世界范围内的流行,患有这种疾病的人的状况和生活质量已成为一个必须认真处理的公共卫生问题。虽然糖尿病的治疗是这一领域的专业人员和机构的直接责任,但多学科的努力将极大地帮助找到解决方案或改善病情,而心理学作为可以应用的知识的创造者,因此在这个更广泛的工作团队中占有一席之地。本研究的目的是设计一个基于生物健康心理模型的教育建议(Ribes, 1990),以促进2型糖尿病患者的预防行为。
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引用次数: 2
La discapacidad en el contexto puertorriqueño: Conceptos, legislaciones y normativas para las personas con discapacidad desde el quehacer psicológico 波多黎各背景下的残疾:从心理工作为残疾人提供的概念、法律和法规
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.794
Héctor José Velásquez-González, Ana Fernanda Uribe-Rodríguez, Ana Milena Martínez-Rozo
It is estimated that approximately 600 million people around the world have some kind of diagnosis that could be classified as a disability, and among the territories of the United States, Puerto Rico has one of the highest incidences of disability. Everything from education to the provision of social services is regulated by different legislation ultimately aimed at including people with a disability and helping them play an active role in society. This study seeks to understand how the concept of disability has evolved in a legal context (and in turn its social representations), as well as in the legislation that promotes and protects the rights of people with a disability. Psychologists should develop their abilities with regards to disability and its legislation in order to advocate for people with a disability, help them gain autonomy, and promote better quality of life and participation in society based on respect and tolerance towards diversity.
据估计,全世界大约有6亿人患有某种可被归类为残疾的诊断,在美国的领土中,波多黎各是残疾发生率最高的领土之一。从教育到提供社会服务的一切都受到不同立法的管制,其最终目的是将残疾人纳入其中,并帮助他们在社会中发挥积极作用。本研究旨在了解残疾概念在法律背景下(及其社会表现形式)以及促进和保护残疾人权利的立法中是如何演变的。心理学家应该发展他们在残疾及其立法方面的能力,以倡导残疾人,帮助他们获得自主权,并在尊重和容忍多样性的基础上促进更好的生活质量和社会参与。
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引用次数: 1
Deserción y retención universitaria: una discusión bibliográfica 辍学与大学保留:文献讨论
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.787
María Del Rosario Fernández-Hileman, Ángela V. Corengia, J. Durand
El objetivo de este articulo es presentar una discusion bibliografica acerca del fenomeno de la desercion y retencion en la universidad. Para ello, se realizo una revision y sintesis de los principales estudios empiricos y perspectivas teoricas que abordan esta tematica en Argentina y otros paises. Para comenzar, se muestra el problema de la desercion en numeros, algunas precisiones terminologicas y su contextualizacion nacional (Argentina) e internacional. Posteriormente se desarrollan tanto las perspectivas conceptuales sustantivas basadas en teorias sociologicas, psicologicas, organizacionales, economicas y culturales, como los estudios empiricos que sustentan estas y otras precisiones teoricas. En el marco de estos estudios empiricos, tambien se relevan acciones y programas llevados a cabo a lo largo de los ultimos cuarenta anos para promover la retencion en la educacion superior. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones a modo de insumo para futuras investigaciones.
本文的目的是提出一个文献讨论的现象,矫形和保留在大学。本文提出了一种新的方法,通过这种方法,我们可以分析阿根廷和其他国家对这一主题的实证研究和理论观点。本文首先从数字、一些术语的精细化及其在国家(阿根廷)和国际背景下的问题入手。随后,基于社会学、心理学、组织、经济和文化理论的实质性概念视角发展,以及支持这些和其他理论准确性的实证研究。在这些实证研究的框架内,还强调了过去40年为促进高等教育留存率而采取的行动和计划。最后,将研究结果作为未来研究的投入。
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引用次数: 11
Los conceptos observación y experimentación en la obra del científico Claude Bernard 克劳德·伯纳德工作中的观察和实验概念
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.801
Pablo Nieto-González
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引用次数: 0
Evaluación de procesos comunitarios y análisis de redes inter-organizativas: elementos para mejorar la efectividad de las intervenciones comunitarias 社区进程评估和组织间网络分析:提高社区干预有效性的要素
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.798
Ignacio Ramos-Vidal, Daniel Holgado, Isidro Maya-Jariego, Jorge Palacio
The aim of this article is to investigate the connection that exists between the psychological sense of community, community participation, and the analysis of organizational networks, examining the influence of these approaches on individual, organizational and community levels of analysis. Accordingly, we review the literature from each of these three perspectives, then analyze the way they are linked with different levels of analysis. Finally, we offer some suggestions as to how the application of a multi-level ecological approach could improve the effectiveness of community intervention.
本文的目的是调查社区心理意识、社区参与和组织网络分析之间存在的联系,检查这些方法对个人、组织和社区层面的分析的影响。因此,我们从这三个角度回顾文献,然后分析它们与不同分析层次的联系方式。最后,就如何运用多层次生态方法提高社区干预的有效性提出了建议。
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引用次数: 3
De algunas influencias alemanas en Colombia y su exhortación actual al psicólogo 德国在哥伦比亚的影响以及他目前对心理学家的劝诫
IF 0.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2014-12-15 DOI: 10.16925/PE.V10I17.893
John Alejandro Ramírez Tobón
Germany represents a worldwide reference in many fields of human knowledge, especially in science and the humanities. This essay attempts to explain how Germany, from the end of the 19th century to the 1970s, influenced Colombia in three fields of humanities: philosophy, psychology and pedagogy. These three closely related disciplines were enriched by German knowledge and the advances of such prominent figures as Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wundt and Franziska Radke. This article relates the influence of each of these figures to a specific discipline. At the end of the essay, the contributions of Nietzsche and Heidegger are revisited and thus become the central argument of this piece in explaining the continued validity of both approaches in current-day Colombia. Thus the “incarnation” of the forgetting of being proposed by Heidegger, and the reclaiming of the human put forward by Nietzsche are affirmed. Furthermore, an invitation is extended to psychology, based on the thinking of both philosophers, to propose alternatives from its research practice or intervention that promote this “return to being”, interpreted in this text as a “return to the human”. In this sense, the role of the psychologist is reaffirmed in a dehumanizing context such as that created by the Colombian conflict.
德国在人类知识的许多领域,特别是在科学和人文科学领域,代表着世界范围内的参考。本文试图解释从19世纪末到20世纪70年代,德国是如何在哲学、心理学和教育学这三个人文学科领域影响哥伦比亚的。德国的知识和尼采、海德格尔、冯特和拉德克等杰出人物的进步丰富了这三个密切相关的学科。本文将这些数字中的每一个与特定学科的影响联系起来。在文章的最后,尼采和海德格尔的贡献被重新审视,从而成为这篇文章的中心论点,以解释这两种方法在当今哥伦比亚的持续有效性。从而肯定了海德格尔所提出的“自我遗忘”的“化身”,以及尼采所提出的“人的再解放”。此外,邀请扩展到心理学,基于两位哲学家的思想,从其研究实践或干预中提出促进这种“回归存在”的替代方案,在本文中解释为“回归人类”。从这个意义上说,心理学家的作用在非人性化的背景下得到了重申,例如哥伦比亚冲突所造成的。
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引用次数: 0
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Pensando Psicologia
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