To evaluate the performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) on mitigating the low-frequency vertical VIV responses of bridges, a CFD-based numerical simulation method for solving the responses of the fluid-structure-TMDI coupled system is proposed in this study. The VIV responses of a 4:1 rectangular cylinder under different TMDI and structural parameters are investigated. It is found that the VIV amplitude of the controlled structure is sensitive to the natural-frequency ratio of TMDI to structure (f∗) and the damping ratio of TMDI (ξ2). For the concerned ranges of the mass ratio of damper to structure from 0.005 to 0.010 and the inerter-induced damper mass amplification factor from 5 to 10, the optimal f∗ and ξ2 are within the ranges of 0.990–0.995 and 1.0 %–2.0 %, respectively. The difference in the mitigation effect between the CFD-based model and the empirical VIV force model is highlighted. The geometric and frequency scaling ratios has little effect on the mitigation effect, and thus can be artificially set as needed. The proposed method enables precise setting of system parameters and directly solves the fluid-structure interactions, thereby providing an effective approach for the TMDI design in mitigating low-frequency vertical VIV of bridges.
{"title":"CFD-based study on TMDI performance in mitigating low-frequency vertical vortex-induced vibrations","authors":"Zhanbiao Zhang , Fuyou Xu , Mingjie Zhang , Yutong Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) on mitigating the low-frequency vertical VIV responses of bridges, a CFD-based numerical simulation method for solving the responses of the fluid-structure-TMDI coupled system is proposed in this study. The VIV responses of a 4:1 rectangular cylinder under different TMDI and structural parameters are investigated. It is found that the VIV amplitude of the controlled structure is sensitive to the natural-frequency ratio of TMDI to structure (<em>f</em>∗) and the damping ratio of TMDI (<em>ξ</em><sub>2</sub>). For the concerned ranges of the mass ratio of damper to structure from 0.005 to 0.010 and the inerter-induced damper mass amplification factor from 5 to 10, the optimal <em>f</em>∗ and <em>ξ</em><sub>2</sub> are within the ranges of 0.990–0.995 and 1.0 %–2.0 %, respectively. The difference in the mitigation effect between the CFD-based model and the empirical VIV force model is highlighted. The geometric and frequency scaling ratios has little effect on the mitigation effect, and thus can be artificially set as needed. The proposed method enables precise setting of system parameters and directly solves the fluid-structure interactions, thereby providing an effective approach for the TMDI design in mitigating low-frequency vertical VIV of bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synergistic effect of urban heat island (UHI) and particulate matter (PM) was recognized as a potential risk for increasing human exposure. This paper quantified the impact on PM2.5 dispersion at the street-canyon scale by deconstructing the main driving factors of the UHI (solar radiation, wind speed, surface albedo). Cluster analysis was applied to classify characteristic thermal scenarios based on these drivers. Results revealed that the concentration of PM2.5 on the leeward side was alleviated under conditions of low wind speeds and high radiation. The accumulation effect of PM on the windward side was decreased at high wind speeds and high radiation. The installation of active ventilation on the windward side with moderate wind speeds and on the leeward side with higher wind speeds could significantly improve the air quality in SC. The strengthening thermal effects exacerbated the accumulation of PM2.5 on the windward side. The pollution concentrations on the windward side increased by 5 % for high thermal effects and decreased by 15 % for low. In addition, an optimal prediction framework for pollutants incorporating heat island driving factors was developed. This research provided a theoretical tool for the prevention and control of pollution exposure risks in high-density cities.
{"title":"Strengthening or decaying airborne pollution exposure inside urban street canyons: Multiple effects from solar radiation, synoptical wind speed and surface albedo","authors":"Xin Zhang , Ming-Ming Wu , Shang-Xian Zhao , Zhao-Sheng Wei , Jiang-Hua Guo , Mikhail A. Sheremet , Fu-Yun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergistic effect of urban heat island (UHI) and particulate matter (PM) was recognized as a potential risk for increasing human exposure. This paper quantified the impact on PM<sub>2.5</sub> dispersion at the street-canyon scale by deconstructing the main driving factors of the UHI (solar radiation, wind speed, surface albedo). Cluster analysis was applied to classify characteristic thermal scenarios based on these drivers. Results revealed that the concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on the leeward side was alleviated under conditions of low wind speeds and high radiation. The accumulation effect of PM on the windward side was decreased at high wind speeds and high radiation. The installation of active ventilation on the windward side with moderate wind speeds and on the leeward side with higher wind speeds could significantly improve the air quality in SC. The strengthening thermal effects exacerbated the accumulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on the windward side. The pollution concentrations on the windward side increased by 5 % for high thermal effects and decreased by 15 % for low. In addition, an optimal prediction framework for pollutants incorporating heat island driving factors was developed. This research provided a theoretical tool for the prevention and control of pollution exposure risks in high-density cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106284
Biao Sun, Qi Fu, Gang Zhou, Haotian Sun, Fengzhi Xie, Yongwei Liu
To achieve a more precise study of the impact of alterations in wind speed gradient on the dispersion of dust pollution in conveyor belt transport tunnels, Computational Fluid Dynamics-User-Defined Function numerical simulations were utilised to compare and analyze the changes in turbulence and dust pollution evolution under two distinct operating conditions: uniform wind speed and wind shear index disturbance. The findings suggest that the wind shear index exerts a substantial influence on the turbulent kinetic energy and dust concentration. It has been observed to result in an increase in average wind speed, accompanied by an expansion in the area of high turbulent kinetic energy zones. The area and numerical difference between the two operating conditions can reach up to 55.87 m2 and 0.0056 m2/s2, respectively. Concurrently, the high dust concentration zones at the breathing zone height shift from tunnel centre towards walkway. The average dust concentrations recorded are 216.32 mg/m3 and 137.04 mg/m3, respectively. The approximate linear relationship between wind shear index (W) and turbulent kinetic energy (T) is: T = 0.01874W - 0.00356 (r = 0.931). The relationship between dust concentration (C) and wind shear is: C = −1448.06e (W/0.15) + 191.71 (r = 0.874). Both show a strong positive correlation.
{"title":"Study on the influence mechanism of wind shear index on turbulence and dust spatio-temporal evolution pattern in tape transportation lane","authors":"Biao Sun, Qi Fu, Gang Zhou, Haotian Sun, Fengzhi Xie, Yongwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve a more precise study of the impact of alterations in wind speed gradient on the dispersion of dust pollution in conveyor belt transport tunnels, Computational Fluid Dynamics-User-Defined Function numerical simulations were utilised to compare and analyze the changes in turbulence and dust pollution evolution under two distinct operating conditions: uniform wind speed and wind shear index disturbance. The findings suggest that the wind shear index exerts a substantial influence on the turbulent kinetic energy and dust concentration. It has been observed to result in an increase in average wind speed, accompanied by an expansion in the area of high turbulent kinetic energy zones. The area and numerical difference between the two operating conditions can reach up to 55.87 m<sup>2</sup> and 0.0056 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Concurrently, the high dust concentration zones at the breathing zone height shift from tunnel centre towards walkway. The average dust concentrations recorded are 216.32 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and 137.04 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The approximate linear relationship between wind shear index (W) and turbulent kinetic energy (T) is: T = 0.01874W - 0.00356 (r = 0.931). The relationship between dust concentration (C) and wind shear is: C = −1448.06e (W/0.15) + 191.71 (r = 0.874). Both show a strong positive correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106263
Biao Tong , Jian Yang , Zhongdong Duan , Gang Hu
Accurate modeling of tropical cyclone (TC) decay after landfall is critical for effective hazard assessment and disaster mitigation in coastal regions. This study introduces a physics-informed deep learning framework based on the Extended Long Short-Term Memory (xLSTM) network to predict TC decay processes over mainland East and Southeast Asia. The proposed xLSTM model incorporates both empirical and physical constraints, leveraging multi-source observational and environmental reanalysis data. Compared with established empirical models, xLSTM demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving lower error, as well as higher correlation with observed data. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal that the xLSTM framework reduces regional biases and more accurately captures complex decay dynamics, especially for the mid-to-late stages of landfall forecasts. Gradient-based sensitivity analysis identifies initial wind speed, time since landfall, land-sea mask, and land cover characteristics as the dominant factors influencing TC intensity decay. These findings highlight the advantages of integrating physics-informed constraints within deep learning models for improved representation and prediction of TC decay, supporting enhanced risk assessment and operational forecasting for coastal hazard management.
{"title":"A physics-informed deep learning framework for the tropical cyclones decay model","authors":"Biao Tong , Jian Yang , Zhongdong Duan , Gang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate modeling of tropical cyclone (TC) decay after landfall is critical for effective hazard assessment and disaster mitigation in coastal regions. This study introduces a physics-informed deep learning framework based on the Extended Long Short-Term Memory (xLSTM) network to predict TC decay processes over mainland East and Southeast Asia. The proposed xLSTM model incorporates both empirical and physical constraints, leveraging multi-source observational and environmental reanalysis data. Compared with established empirical models, xLSTM demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving lower error, as well as higher correlation with observed data. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal that the xLSTM framework reduces regional biases and more accurately captures complex decay dynamics, especially for the mid-to-late stages of landfall forecasts. Gradient-based sensitivity analysis identifies initial wind speed, time since landfall, land-sea mask, and land cover characteristics as the dominant factors influencing TC intensity decay. These findings highlight the advantages of integrating physics-informed constraints within deep learning models for improved representation and prediction of TC decay, supporting enhanced risk assessment and operational forecasting for coastal hazard management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106288
Zhuolei Yu , Yi Wang , Songheng Wu , Jukun Wang , Xiaoxue Wang
The urbanization process in the Loess Plateau region, while promoting economic development, also faces the problem that ambient air is seriously polluted. Good urban ventilation can alleviate the contradiction between urban development and livable environment. Therefore, the study focuses on the effect of built-up area expansion on ventilation characteristics for Loess Tableland valley town under the stable background wind. The results simulated by the city-scale computational fluid dynamics (CSCFD) model show that the ventilation performance of urban canopy layer (UCL) with direct interaction between the stable background wind and street canyon airflow is significantly better than that of the UCL with indirect interaction. When the built-up area expands on the valley floor, the expansion is favorable to improve the air quality in the UCL at the background Reynolds number (Reb) less than 5.80 × 105. When the built-up area expands on the top surface of Loess Tableland, the expansion at Reb ≥ 1.55 × 106 causes a maximum increase of 133.21 % and 64.47 % in the average air age in the upstream UCL and downstream UCL, respectively, which deteriorates the air quality in both the UCLs. This study provides a theoretical reference for future urban planning and optimum location of industrial zones.
{"title":"Effect of built-up area expansion on urban ventilation over Loess Tableland valley terrain under stable background wind","authors":"Zhuolei Yu , Yi Wang , Songheng Wu , Jukun Wang , Xiaoxue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urbanization process in the Loess Plateau region, while promoting economic development, also faces the problem that ambient air is seriously polluted. Good urban ventilation can alleviate the contradiction between urban development and livable environment. Therefore, the study focuses on the effect of built-up area expansion on ventilation characteristics for Loess Tableland valley town under the stable background wind. The results simulated by the city-scale computational fluid dynamics (CSCFD) model show that the ventilation performance of urban canopy layer (UCL) with direct interaction between the stable background wind and street canyon airflow is significantly better than that of the UCL with indirect interaction. When the built-up area expands on the valley floor, the expansion is favorable to improve the air quality in the UCL at the background Reynolds number (<em>Re</em><sub>b</sub>) less than 5.80 × 10<sup>5</sup>. When the built-up area expands on the top surface of Loess Tableland, the expansion at <em>Re</em><sub>b</sub> ≥ 1.55 × 10<sup>6</sup> causes a maximum increase of 133.21 % and 64.47 % in the average air age in the upstream UCL and downstream UCL, respectively, which deteriorates the air quality in both the UCLs. This study provides a theoretical reference for future urban planning and optimum location of industrial zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106285
Federico Zanelli , Giuseppe Bucca , Stefano Melzi , Sonia Zuin , Giorgio Diana , Saki Taruishi , Hisato Matsumiya
Galloping is a wind-induced phenomenon which can lead conductors of transmission lines to instability due to the presence of ice accretions. The paper presents results obtained with two different numerical approaches used to estimate galloping amplitudes on overhead transmission lines. The benchmark case relates to a 400 m single span of four-bundled conductor. A triangular shape of ice, whose aerodynamic coefficients are known by previous experiments in the wind tunnel, is considered as applied to the conductors. The two numerical models described in the paper are based on significantly different approaches even though both use the quasi-steady theory (QST) to reproduce the motion dependent aerodynamic forces. The first model relies on a full non-linear FE model running in time domain, while the second is mainly based on the energy balance method. Despite the different approach in modelling, the estimation of galloping amplitudes considering different ice shape configurations matches with a maximum error of 11 % in the estimation of the maximum vertical amplitude reached at midspan. Consequently, the two approaches can be employed to optimize the configuration of anti-galloping devices on a transmission line. Moreover, this work can represent a robust benchmark for assessing the validity of newly developed galloping models.
{"title":"A benchmark between two different numerical models for ice galloping prediction","authors":"Federico Zanelli , Giuseppe Bucca , Stefano Melzi , Sonia Zuin , Giorgio Diana , Saki Taruishi , Hisato Matsumiya","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galloping is a wind-induced phenomenon which can lead conductors of transmission lines to instability due to the presence of ice accretions. The paper presents results obtained with two different numerical approaches used to estimate galloping amplitudes on overhead transmission lines. The benchmark case relates to a 400 m single span of four-bundled conductor. A triangular shape of ice, whose aerodynamic coefficients are known by previous experiments in the wind tunnel, is considered as applied to the conductors. The two numerical models described in the paper are based on significantly different approaches even though both use the quasi-steady theory (QST) to reproduce the motion dependent aerodynamic forces. The first model relies on a full non-linear FE model running in time domain, while the second is mainly based on the energy balance method. Despite the different approach in modelling, the estimation of galloping amplitudes considering different ice shape configurations matches with a maximum error of 11 % in the estimation of the maximum vertical amplitude reached at midspan. Consequently, the two approaches can be employed to optimize the configuration of anti-galloping devices on a transmission line. Moreover, this work can represent a robust benchmark for assessing the validity of newly developed galloping models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of various incoming flow velocities, i.e., the Reynolds number (Re), on the wake asymmetry of a simplified vehicle has been studied, utilizing the named improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES). The validation of the numerical method was completed by comparing the wake flow structure, the pressure gradients/probability distribution function (PDF), pressure distribution and aerodynamic drag with results from the prior IDDES study and experimental data. Five cases with Re of 1.0 × 104, 2.7 × 104, 1.0 × 105, 1.6 × 105, and 2.5 × 105 were examined to explore the vehicle's wake asymmetry and aerodynamic features. As the incoming flow velocity changes, the results show distinct variations in wake vortex formations. Moreover, the PDF results and wake structures reveal there are two typical flow states. Furthermore, the distributions of mean pressure coefficients in the wake tend to decrease as the Re increases. Specifically, increasing the Re from 2.7 × 104 to 1.0 × 105, 1.6 × 105 and 2.5 × 105 (Flow state II) contributes to a reduction in the drag coefficient of 5.9 %, 6.35 % and 8.37 %, respectively. Conversely, reducing the Re to 1.0 × 104 (Flow state I) results in a 6.14 % increase in the drag coefficient. These results confirm that the Re strongly influences the wake structure and drag of a simplified vehicle, offering guidance for appropriate inflow condition selection and insight into wake topology.
{"title":"Impact of incoming flow on wake asymmetry of a simplified vehicle: The Reynolds number effect","authors":"Jie Zhang (张洁) , Teklay Gebremeskel Melaku , Abdulmalik Adamu , Getachew Dejen Tebeje","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of various incoming flow velocities, i.e., the Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>), on the wake asymmetry of a simplified vehicle has been studied, utilizing the named improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES). The validation of the numerical method was completed by comparing the wake flow structure, the pressure gradients/probability distribution function (PDF), pressure distribution and aerodynamic drag with results from the prior IDDES study and experimental data. Five cases with <em>Re</em> of 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 2.7 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 1.0 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 1.6 × 10<sup>5</sup>, and 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> were examined to explore the vehicle's wake asymmetry and aerodynamic features. As the incoming flow velocity changes, the results show distinct variations in wake vortex formations. Moreover, the PDF results and wake structures reveal there are two typical flow states. Furthermore, the distributions of mean pressure coefficients in the wake tend to decrease as the <em>Re</em> increases. Specifically, increasing the <em>Re</em> from 2.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 1.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> (Flow state II) contributes to a reduction in the drag coefficient of 5.9 %, 6.35 % and 8.37 %, respectively. Conversely, reducing the <em>Re</em> to 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> (Flow state I) results in a 6.14 % increase in the drag coefficient. These results confirm that the <em>Re</em> strongly influences the wake structure and drag of a simplified vehicle, offering guidance for appropriate inflow condition selection and insight into wake topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106262
Shubham Tiwari , Krishanu Roy , James B.P. Lim
The use of aluminium for roof claddings provides a durable alternative to cold-formed steel (CFS). However, these claddings can experience localised pull-through failure at the connections under wind uplift. Currently, no design guidelines exist for predicting the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium roof claddings. This study investigates the pull-through failure behaviour of trapezoidal aluminium roof claddings with wide pans and closely spaced ribs under static wind uplift. A finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against existing CFS trapezoidal cladding experimental tests under static wind uplift, with additional validation for representing the behaviour of aluminium as a material. Further, a comprehensive parametric study involving 698 FE models was conducted by varying material properties, thickness, geometry, cladding span, and screw head/washer diameter. The comparison of the parametric study results with predictions from existing aluminium design guidelines (Aluminium Design Manual (ADM 2020), Australia and New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 1664), and Eurocode (EN 1999-1-4)) revealed that the design equations in these guidelines were inaccurate for predicting the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium claddings. Therefore, simplified design equations were developed to determine the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium claddings. Finally, a reliability analysis confirmed the high reliability of these proposed design equations.
{"title":"Numerical analysis and design of crest-fixed trapezoidal aluminium roof claddings under static wind uplift","authors":"Shubham Tiwari , Krishanu Roy , James B.P. Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of aluminium for roof claddings provides a durable alternative to cold-formed steel (CFS). However, these claddings can experience localised pull-through failure at the connections under wind uplift. Currently, no design guidelines exist for predicting the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium roof claddings. This study investigates the pull-through failure behaviour of trapezoidal aluminium roof claddings with wide pans and closely spaced ribs under static wind uplift. A finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against existing CFS trapezoidal cladding experimental tests under static wind uplift, with additional validation for representing the behaviour of aluminium as a material. Further, a comprehensive parametric study involving 698 FE models was conducted by varying material properties, thickness, geometry, cladding span, and screw head/washer diameter. The comparison of the parametric study results with predictions from existing aluminium design guidelines (Aluminium Design Manual (ADM 2020), Australia and New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 1664), and Eurocode (EN 1999-1-4)) revealed that the design equations in these guidelines were inaccurate for predicting the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium claddings. Therefore, simplified design equations were developed to determine the pull-through capacity of trapezoidal aluminium claddings. Finally, a reliability analysis confirmed the high reliability of these proposed design equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106293
Amirhossein Tamimi , Amir Reza Ghiami Azad , Cem Yalçın , Altok Kurşun
Due to their high efficiency, appropriate structural behavior, and aesthetic merits, the use of cable-stayed bridges continues to grow. One of the challenges faced by designers is the demand for increased span lengths of these bridges. With this increase in length, the effects of wind forces on the deck become more pronounced. Neglecting this issue, in addition to increasing the forces on the bridge elements and non-optimal design, can also pose safety hazards. In this regard, extensive research has been conducted on optimizing the elements of cable-stayed bridges against aerodynamic forces, among which the deck is one of the most influential elements on this behavior. The cable element is the subject of the majority of cable-stayed bridge optimization researches. However, the effect of deck optimization on cable optimization has not yet been investigated. In this study, first the deck topology of the Nissibi Bridge, located in Turkey, is aerodynamically optimized by two different approaches. The CFD model, validated using wind tunnel test data, simulates the transient aerodynamic forces on the deck. Next, the effect of deck topology optimization on the axial force of the cables is examined, and the total cable quantity of the bridge is reduced. Based on the results of this study, it is observed that minor adjustments in the deck geometry can increase the upward wind force on the deck up to 77 %. Also, benefitting from this upward force, which reduced the axial stress in the cables, the volume of the cable utilized in the bridge could be decreased by 4.1 %, which in this case is equivalent to 20.1 tons of high-strength steel. Using the method presented in this study, the wind force on the deck can be controlled and reduced, and thus, the design of the deck and cable elements can be optimized, ultimately reducing the cost of bridge construction.
{"title":"Optimization of cable quantity in cable-stayed bridges based on aerodynamic topology of the deck","authors":"Amirhossein Tamimi , Amir Reza Ghiami Azad , Cem Yalçın , Altok Kurşun","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their high efficiency, appropriate structural behavior, and aesthetic merits, the use of cable-stayed bridges continues to grow. One of the challenges faced by designers is the demand for increased span lengths of these bridges. With this increase in length, the effects of wind forces on the deck become more pronounced. Neglecting this issue, in addition to increasing the forces on the bridge elements and non-optimal design, can also pose safety hazards. In this regard, extensive research has been conducted on optimizing the elements of cable-stayed bridges against aerodynamic forces, among which the deck is one of the most influential elements on this behavior. The cable element is the subject of the majority of cable-stayed bridge optimization researches. However, the effect of deck optimization on cable optimization has not yet been investigated. In this study, first the deck topology of the Nissibi Bridge, located in Turkey, is aerodynamically optimized by two different approaches. The CFD model, validated using wind tunnel test data, simulates the transient aerodynamic forces on the deck. Next, the effect of deck topology optimization on the axial force of the cables is examined, and the total cable quantity of the bridge is reduced. Based on the results of this study, it is observed that minor adjustments in the deck geometry can increase the upward wind force on the deck up to 77 %. Also, benefitting from this upward force, which reduced the axial stress in the cables, the volume of the cable utilized in the bridge could be decreased by 4.1 %, which in this case is equivalent to 20.1 tons of high-strength steel. Using the method presented in this study, the wind force on the deck can be controlled and reduced, and thus, the design of the deck and cable elements can be optimized, ultimately reducing the cost of bridge construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106271
Xiaoqi Hu, Fabio Malizia, Bert Blocken
Running is a fundamental discipline in athletics, yet its aerodynamic characteristics have not yet been intensively studied, particularly from a computational perspective. In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an increasingly valuable tool for advancing research in sports aerodynamics. However, the reliability of CFD predictions depends strongly on the selection of computational parameters which remains insufficiently explored in the context of human running. This paper presents a detailed study on the impact of grid resolution, computational domain size, and turbulence modelling on the computed drag area for a full-scale female runner manikin. The CFD simulations are validated by comparison with wind tunnel measurements performed in a geometrically matched test section. The sensitivity analysis provides practical guidelines for generating grids that balance accuracy and computational economy. The blockage ratio (BR) is found to be a critical parameter: values exceeding 3.5% result in drag overestimations larger than 2.8%. Among the turbulence models tested, transition-sensitive models (γ–SST and T–SST) in pseudo-transient RANS formulation and the hybrid scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) approach showed the best agreement with experimental results. Based on these findings, the study proposes a set of best-practice guidelines for reliable and cost-effective CFD simulations of running aerodynamics.
{"title":"CFD simulations of running aerodynamics: Impact of computational parameters","authors":"Xiaoqi Hu, Fabio Malizia, Bert Blocken","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Running is a fundamental discipline in athletics, yet its aerodynamic characteristics have not yet been intensively studied, particularly from a computational perspective. In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an increasingly valuable tool for advancing research in sports aerodynamics. However, the reliability of CFD predictions depends strongly on the selection of computational parameters which remains insufficiently explored in the context of human running. This paper presents a detailed study on the impact of grid resolution, computational domain size, and turbulence modelling on the computed drag area for a full-scale female runner manikin. The CFD simulations are validated by comparison with wind tunnel measurements performed in a geometrically matched test section. The sensitivity analysis provides practical guidelines for generating grids that balance accuracy and computational economy. The blockage ratio (BR) is found to be a critical parameter: values exceeding 3.5% result in drag overestimations larger than 2.8%. Among the turbulence models tested, transition-sensitive models (γ–SST and T–SST) in pseudo-transient RANS formulation and the hybrid scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) approach showed the best agreement with experimental results. Based on these findings, the study proposes a set of best-practice guidelines for reliable and cost-effective CFD simulations of running aerodynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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