Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100683
Leonie Lang , Thomas Hunt , David Vauzour , Philipe de Souto Barreto , Miguel Gueimonde , Renger Witkamp , Isabelle Guelinckx , Bruno Pot , Simon McArthur , Louise Dye , Lesley Hoyles , Nils Billecke , Andrea Bertocco , Maria Camprubi Robles , Caroline Perreau , Gabriele Civiletto , Maria Tonti
At the end of October 2024, ILSI Europe brought together industry and academic experts from different fields to identify research gaps and challenges in nutritional interventions supporting healthy ageing. The objectives of the Healthy Ageing Working Group workshop were to address the urgent need to define ageing outcomes and associated biomarkers, determine the trajectory of functional ageing across the lifespan, and leverage technology to tailor nutritional and lifestyle interventions for healthy ageing. This brief report presents the key points highlighted during this workshop.
{"title":"Building a roadmap to nutrition for Healthy Ageing: a brief report on the ILSI Europe Healthy Ageing Task Force","authors":"Leonie Lang , Thomas Hunt , David Vauzour , Philipe de Souto Barreto , Miguel Gueimonde , Renger Witkamp , Isabelle Guelinckx , Bruno Pot , Simon McArthur , Louise Dye , Lesley Hoyles , Nils Billecke , Andrea Bertocco , Maria Camprubi Robles , Caroline Perreau , Gabriele Civiletto , Maria Tonti","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the end of October 2024, ILSI Europe brought together industry and academic experts from different fields to identify research gaps and challenges in nutritional interventions supporting healthy ageing. The objectives of the Healthy Ageing Working Group workshop were to address the urgent need to define ageing outcomes and associated biomarkers, determine the trajectory of functional ageing across the lifespan, and leverage technology to tailor nutritional and lifestyle interventions for healthy ageing. This brief report presents the key points highlighted during this workshop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 11","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100708
Jorge G. Ruiz
{"title":"Why frailty must be central in anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Jorge G. Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous literature has shown that combining lemon myrtle (LM) leaf extract with low-load resistance training may promote muscle hypertrophy. The current our studies aimed to verify the effects of LM intake combined with different training volumes on anterior thigh (AT) muscle thickness in older adults.
Design
Two independent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Setting
Community-based training intervention program.
Participants
A total of 125 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years, with self-reported declines in muscle strength or walking ability. Study 1 (n = 47; LM group: n = 25, placebo group: n = 22) and Study 2 (n = 41; LM group: n = 22, placebo group: n = 19) were conducted independently, each with separate randomization into LM and placebo groups.
Intervention
Both studies involved low-load bodyweight resistance training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Study 1 compared LM + three sets of training with placebo + three sets; whereas Study 2 compared LM + one set with placebo + one set.
Measurements
AT muscle thickness (primary outcome) was assessed using B-mode ultrasound at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were normal walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), maximum walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), and 30-second chair stand (CS-30, repetitions).
Results
In Study 1, the LM + exercise group showed a greater increase in AT muscle thickness than the placebo + exercise group (12-week difference: 1.29 mm; 95% CI: −0.17 to 2.75 mm), although the difference was not statistically significant. In Study 2, the LM + exercise group showed a significant increase in AT muscle thickness compared with the placebo + exercise group (1.59 mm; 95% CI: 0.19–2.98 mm). No significant group-by-time interaction was found for secondary outcomes in either study.
Conclusions
LM intake may enhance muscle hypertrophy when combined with low-load resistance training in older adults with self-reported declines in muscle strength decline, particularly under low-volume training conditions. Further studies are needed to establish its clinical relevance.
{"title":"Lemon myrtle extract enhances muscle hypertrophy induced by low-load bodyweight resistance training in older adults: Findings from two independent randomized controlled trials","authors":"Shuji Sawada , Azusa Nishino , Shinichi Honda , Yuji Tominaga , Shiori Makio , Hayao Ozaki , Shuichi Machida","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Previous literature has shown that combining lemon myrtle (LM) leaf extract with low-load resistance training may promote muscle hypertrophy. The current our studies aimed to verify the effects of LM intake combined with different training volumes on anterior thigh (AT) muscle thickness in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Two independent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Community-based training intervention program.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 125 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years, with self-reported declines in muscle strength or walking ability. Study 1 (n = 47; LM group: n = 25, placebo group: n = 22) and Study 2 (n = 41; LM group: n = 22, placebo group: n = 19) were conducted independently, each with separate randomization into LM and placebo groups.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Both studies involved low-load bodyweight resistance training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Study 1 compared LM + three sets of training with placebo + three sets; whereas Study 2 compared LM + one set with placebo + one set.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>AT muscle thickness (primary outcome) was assessed using B-mode ultrasound at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were normal walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), maximum walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), and 30-second chair stand (CS-30, repetitions).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Study 1, the LM + exercise group showed a greater increase in AT muscle thickness than the placebo + exercise group (12-week difference: 1.29 mm; 95% CI: −0.17 to 2.75 mm), although the difference was not statistically significant. In Study 2, the LM + exercise group showed a significant increase in AT muscle thickness compared with the placebo + exercise group (1.59 mm; 95% CI: 0.19–2.98 mm). No significant group-by-time interaction was found for secondary outcomes in either study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LM intake may enhance muscle hypertrophy when combined with low-load resistance training in older adults with self-reported declines in muscle strength decline, particularly under low-volume training conditions. Further studies are needed to establish its clinical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to Editor regarding “Effects of nutritional education intervention on frailty status in lung cancer patients”","authors":"Parth Aphale , Shashank Dokania , Himanshu Shekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100695
Kai Wei
{"title":"Association between serum leptin and accelerated biological aging in US adults: Findings from NHANES III","authors":"Kai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aimed to identify pain trajectories and examine their associations with incident functional limitation in older adults, including activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL).
Design
A prospective cohort study.
Setting
Community-based setting in western China.
Participants
We included participants with pain score information during 2018–2022, no prevalent functional limitation by 2022, and sufficient follow-up data for functional limitation assessment during 2023–2024.
Measurements
Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify pain trajectories based on the Numeric Rating Scale pain scores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between pain trajectories and incident ADL and IADL limitation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess potential interaction effects.
Results
A total of 887 older adults (all aged ≥60 years) were finally included in the analytic sample, of whom 139 (15.7%) and 198 (22.3%) individuals developed incident ADL and IADL limitation during the two-year follow-up, respectively. Four pain trajectories were identified: ‘Persistently Pain-Free’ (43.0%), ‘Pain Remission’ (16.7%), ‘Developing Mild Pain’ (21.9%), and ‘Persistent Mild-to-Moderate Pain’ (18.5%). Compared to the ‘Persistently Pain-Free’ group, only participants in the ‘Persistent Mild-to-Moderate Pain’ group had a significantly higher risk of developing ADL limitation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.19, 95% CI 1.32–3.63). No significant associations were found between any pain trajectory and the risk of incident IADL limitation. No significant interactions were observed in the subgroup analyses for either ADL or IADL (P for interaction > 0.05).
Conclusion
Persistent pain, even at mild-to-moderate levels, independently predicts incident limitation in ADL rather than IADL in older adults, while achieving pain remission may help prevent functional decline in ADL. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of persistent pain to help maintain functional independence.
目的：我们旨在确定老年人的疼痛轨迹，并研究它们与日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性ADL （IADL）等突发功能限制的关系。设计：前瞻性队列研究。环境：中国西部社区环境。参与者：我们纳入了2018-2022年期间有疼痛评分信息的参与者，到2022年没有普遍的功能限制，以及2023-2024年期间功能限制评估的足够随访数据。测量方法：采用基于组的轨迹建模，根据数值评定量表疼痛评分来识别疼痛轨迹。采用多变量logistic回归模型评估疼痛轨迹与事件ADL和IADL限制之间的关系。采用广义估计方程进行敏感性分析。进行亚组分析以评估潜在的相互作用效应。结果：共有887名老年人（年龄≥60岁）最终被纳入分析样本，其中139人（15.7%）和198人（22.3%）在2年随访期间分别出现了ADL和IADL限制。确定了四种疼痛轨迹：“持续无痛”（43.0%）、“疼痛缓解”（16.7%）、“发展为轻度疼痛”（21.9%）和“持续轻度至中度疼痛”（18.5%）。与“持续无痛”组相比，只有“持续轻度至中度疼痛”组的参与者发生ADL限制的风险明显更高（调整优势比= 2.19,95% CI 1.32-3.63）。没有发现任何疼痛轨迹与发生IADL限制的风险之间存在显著关联。在亚组分析中，ADL和IADL均未观察到显著的相互作用（相互作用P < 0.05）。结论：持续疼痛，即使是轻度至中度水平，独立预测老年人ADL的事件限制，而不是IADL，而实现疼痛缓解可能有助于预防ADL的功能下降。这些发现强调了早期识别和管理持续性疼痛的重要性，以帮助维持功能独立性。
{"title":"Pain trajectories in relation to incident functional limitation among older adults: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Qiao Xiang , Yuxiao Li , Ziyi Zhong , Wei Huang , Jielei Chu , Taiping Lin , Birong Dong , Jirong Yue , Masoud Isanejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to identify pain trajectories and examine their associations with incident functional limitation in older adults, including activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Community-based setting in western China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We included participants with pain score information during 2018–2022, no prevalent functional limitation by 2022, and sufficient follow-up data for functional limitation assessment during 2023–2024.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify pain trajectories based on the Numeric Rating Scale pain scores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between pain trajectories and incident ADL and IADL limitation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess potential interaction effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 887 older adults (all aged ≥60 years) were finally included in the analytic sample, of whom 139 (15.7%) and 198 (22.3%) individuals developed incident ADL and IADL limitation during the two-year follow-up, respectively. Four pain trajectories were identified: ‘<em>Persistently Pain-Free</em>’ (43.0%), ‘<em>Pain Remission</em>’ (16.7%), ‘<em>Developing Mild Pain</em>’ (21.9%), and ‘<em>Persistent Mild-to-Moderate Pain</em>’ (18.5%). Compared to the ‘<em>Persistently Pain-Free</em>’ group, only participants in the ‘<em>Persistent Mild-to-Moderate Pain</em>’ group had a significantly higher risk of developing ADL limitation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.19, 95% CI 1.32–3.63). No significant associations were found between any pain trajectory and the risk of incident IADL limitation. No significant interactions were observed in the subgroup analyses for either ADL or IADL (P for interaction > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Persistent pain, even at mild-to-moderate levels, independently predicts incident limitation in ADL rather than IADL in older adults, while achieving pain remission may help prevent functional decline in ADL. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of persistent pain to help maintain functional independence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100694
Zihan Xu , Feipeng Jiang , Yun Zhang , Jier Ma , Jianjun Ren , Meixia Zhang
Background and aims
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision impairment, and its development is linked to chronic inflammation. Investigating the role of dietary patterns, specifically the standard dietary inflammatory index (DII), may provide insights into modifiable risk factors for DR.
Objective
To quantify the impact of dietary inflammatory potential (assessed via the standard DII) on both risk of DR and structural alterations across individual retinal layers.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the correlation between the standard DII and DR in three adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the outcomes. Linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between the standard DII and retinal structural parameters.
Results
Data from 16,224 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank were analyzed, including 1,257 (7.75%) who developed DR during the follow-up period. Higher standard DII scores were associated with an increased risk of DR in all adjusted models [Model 3: HR = 1.51, 95% CI: (1.15, 1.99), p = 0.003]. A J-shaped association between standard DII scores and DR was observed, and the relationship was significant only when the standard DII score was greater than −2.5 [HR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.44, 2.04), p = 0.002]. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across different stratified groups, indicating increased DR risk. Image analysis revealed that standard DII scores were associated with the thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium layer.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest a J-shaped association between standard DII score and DR risk in a multiracial sample from the UK Biobank. These findings indicate that an anti-inflammatory diet may be promising for mitigating the onset of DR.
背景和目的：糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）是视力损害的主要原因，其发展与慢性炎症有关。研究饮食模式的作用，特别是标准饮食炎症指数（DII），可能为DR的可改变危险因素提供见解。目的：量化饮食炎症潜力（通过标准DII评估）对DR风险和个体视网膜层结构改变的影响。方法：我们使用来自英国生物银行的数据进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。采用Cox比例风险模型和受限三次样条检验三种调整模型中标准DII与DR之间的相关性。进行敏感性分析以检验结果的稳健性。采用线性回归模型探讨标准DII与视网膜结构参数之间的关系。研究人员分析了来自英国生物银行（UK Biobank）的16224名糖尿病患者的数据，其中1257名（7.75%）在随访期间发生了DR。在所有调整后的模型中，较高的标准DII评分与DR风险增加相关[模型3:HR = 1.51, 95% CI:(1.15, 1.99), p = 0.003]。标准DII评分与DR呈j型相关，且只有当标准DII评分大于-2.5时，这种关系才具有显著性[HR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.44, 2.04), p = 0.002]。亚组分析显示，不同分层组的结果一致，表明DR风险增加。图像分析显示，标准DII评分与视网膜色素上皮层变薄有关。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在英国生物银行的多种族样本中，标准DII评分与DR风险之间存在j型关联。这些发现表明，抗炎饮食可能有希望减轻DR的发作。
{"title":"Association of standard dietary inflammatory index with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Zihan Xu , Feipeng Jiang , Yun Zhang , Jier Ma , Jianjun Ren , Meixia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision impairment, and its development is linked to chronic inflammation. Investigating the role of dietary patterns, specifically the standard dietary inflammatory index (DII), may provide insights into modifiable risk factors for DR.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To quantify the impact of dietary inflammatory potential (assessed via the standard DII) on both risk of DR and structural alterations across individual retinal layers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the correlation between the standard DII and DR in three adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the outcomes. Linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between the standard DII and retinal structural parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 16,224 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank were analyzed, including 1,257 (7.75%) who developed DR during the follow-up period. Higher standard DII scores were associated with an increased risk of DR in all adjusted models [Model 3: HR = 1.51, 95% CI: (1.15, 1.99), p = 0.003]. A J-shaped association between standard DII scores and DR was observed, and the relationship was significant only when the standard DII score was greater than −2.5 [HR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.44, 2.04), p = 0.002]. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across different stratified groups, indicating increased DR risk. Image analysis revealed that standard DII scores were associated with the thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium layer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest a J-shaped association between standard DII score and DR risk in a multiracial sample from the UK Biobank. These findings indicate that an anti-inflammatory diet may be promising for mitigating the onset of DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100696
Nessmah Sultan , Nicole J. Kellow , Caroline J. Tuck , Edellyne Cheng , Clare MacMahon , Jessica R. Biesiekierski
Background
Cognitive decline is a growing public health concern, particularly in aging populations. Eggs are a widely consumed, nutrient-dense food containing choline, phospholipids, tryptophan, and omega-3 fatty acids, which individually support cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and neurogenesis. While these individual nutrients have demonstrated benefits in supplementation studies, the cognitive effects of whole egg consumption are not well established. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between whole egg consumption and cognitive function in healthy adults.
Methods
A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS, and PsychInfo) was conducted from database inception through February 2025. Studies were included if they investigated whole egg intake in relation to cognitive outcomes in healthy adults. Risk of bias was assessed using tools appropriate to study design. Due to heterogeneity in study methods, outcomes were synthesised narratively. Cognitive outcomes were categorised into domains including global cognitive function, memory, executive function, language, processing speed, and dementia risk.
Results
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria: one pre-post intervention study, six prospective cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and one case-control study. Study populations were predominantly older adults and included >38,000 participants. Two studies reported a reduced risk of dementia or cognitive impairment associated with moderate egg consumption (approximately 0.5–1 egg per day), while one study found increased risk at high intake levels (Over 1 egg per day). Several studies showed improvements in memory, verbal fluency, or processing speed with moderate—but not high—egg intake. The pre-post study reported improved reaction time following eight weeks of daily egg consumption (2 eggs per day). Heterogeneity in exposure measurement and cognitive testing methods limited direct comparisons across studies.
Discussion
Moderate whole egg consumption may be associated with improvements in cognitive outcomes in healthy adults, including reduced dementia risk and better memory performance. However, findings are inconsistent and limited by differences in study design, dietary assessment, and cognitive testing. Further well-controlled intervention studies are needed to determine optimal intake levels, explore mechanisms, and assess whether eggs can be integrated meaningfully into dietary strategies to support cognitive aging. (PROSPERO registration: 408532).
{"title":"Egg intake and cognitive function in healthy adults: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Nessmah Sultan , Nicole J. Kellow , Caroline J. Tuck , Edellyne Cheng , Clare MacMahon , Jessica R. Biesiekierski","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive decline is a growing public health concern, particularly in aging populations. Eggs are a widely consumed, nutrient-dense food containing choline, phospholipids, tryptophan, and omega-3 fatty acids, which individually support cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and neurogenesis. While these individual nutrients have demonstrated benefits in supplementation studies, the cognitive effects of whole egg consumption are not well established. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between whole egg consumption and cognitive function in healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS, and PsychInfo) was conducted from database inception through February 2025. Studies were included if they investigated whole egg intake in relation to cognitive outcomes in healthy adults. Risk of bias was assessed using tools appropriate to study design. Due to heterogeneity in study methods, outcomes were synthesised narratively. Cognitive outcomes were categorised into domains including global cognitive function, memory, executive function, language, processing speed, and dementia risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria: one pre-post intervention study, six prospective cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and one case-control study. Study populations were predominantly older adults and included >38,000 participants. Two studies reported a reduced risk of dementia or cognitive impairment associated with moderate egg consumption (approximately 0.5–1 egg per day), while one study found increased risk at high intake levels (Over 1 egg per day). Several studies showed improvements in memory, verbal fluency, or processing speed with moderate—but not high—egg intake. The pre-post study reported improved reaction time following eight weeks of daily egg consumption (2 eggs per day). Heterogeneity in exposure measurement and cognitive testing methods limited direct comparisons across studies.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Moderate whole egg consumption may be associated with improvements in cognitive outcomes in healthy adults, including reduced dementia risk and better memory performance. However, findings are inconsistent and limited by differences in study design, dietary assessment, and cognitive testing. Further well-controlled intervention studies are needed to determine optimal intake levels, explore mechanisms, and assess whether eggs can be integrated meaningfully into dietary strategies to support cognitive aging. (PROSPERO registration: 408532).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appetite loss is a major concern in various clinical contexts but the self-assessment of appetite might be compromised in some populations such as in individuals with dementia. The use of surrogate responders might be useful but no study so far has investigated whether hetero-administrated questionnaires might be valid tools to assess appetite.
Methods
Forty men and women aged 66–97 years, without dementia, were recruited from the Medical care and Rehabilitation Unit of the Toulouse University Hospital, France. Within the same day, patients’ appetite was assessed using the SNAQ, a 4-answers questionnaire that was administrated separately to the patients as well as to two certified nursing assistant (CNA) surrogate responders answering on behalf of the patients. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as well as Kappa’s and Gwet’s AC1 coefficients were computed to test the agreement between the patients and each surrogate assessor and between the two surrogate assessors.
Results
When comparing patients versus surrogate responders’ SNAQ scores, ICC (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) showed weak to moderate correlations, ranging from 0.087 (−0.224, 0.384) to 0.519 (0.254, 0.713). The rate of correct categorization was 65.0–67.5 % and Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients ranged from 0.300 (0.006, 0.594) to 0.360 (0.082, 0.638), indicating poor agreements between patient and surrogates. When comparing the surrogate responders with each other, the percentage of similar diagnosis was 82.5% with corresponding Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients of 0.650 (0.417, 0.883) and 0.652 (0.406, 0.898), indicating good agreements among surrogate raters.
Conclusion
We found weak-to-moderate coefficients for the SNAQ used as a hetero-administrated questionnaire. Further investigation across diverse clinical settings and using larger samples are needed to provide further insights to our preliminary observations.
{"title":"Assessment of appetite using health-care-professional-reported SNAQ","authors":"Jérémy Raffin , Stéphane Gerard , Morgane Naudy , Marion Meras , Yves Rolland","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Appetite loss is a major concern in various clinical contexts but the self-assessment of appetite might be compromised in some populations such as in individuals with dementia. The use of surrogate responders might be useful but no study so far has investigated whether hetero-administrated questionnaires might be valid tools to assess appetite.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty men and women aged 66–97 years, without dementia, were recruited from the Medical care and Rehabilitation Unit of the Toulouse University Hospital, France. Within the same day, patients’ appetite was assessed using the SNAQ, a 4-answers questionnaire that was administrated separately to the patients as well as to two certified nursing assistant (CNA) surrogate responders answering on behalf of the patients. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as well as Kappa’s and Gwet’s AC1 coefficients were computed to test the agreement between the patients and each surrogate assessor and between the two surrogate assessors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When comparing patients versus surrogate responders’ SNAQ scores, ICC (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) showed weak to moderate correlations, ranging from 0.087 (−0.224, 0.384) to 0.519 (0.254, 0.713). The rate of correct categorization was 65.0–67.5 % and Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients ranged from 0.300 (0.006, 0.594) to 0.360 (0.082, 0.638), indicating poor agreements between patient and surrogates. When comparing the surrogate responders with each other, the percentage of similar diagnosis was 82.5% with corresponding Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients of 0.650 (0.417, 0.883) and 0.652 (0.406, 0.898), indicating good agreements among surrogate raters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found weak-to-moderate coefficients for the SNAQ used as a hetero-administrated questionnaire. Further investigation across diverse clinical settings and using larger samples are needed to provide further insights to our preliminary observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100692
Yejun Kim , Soojung Kang , Minseo Kim , Janghyeon Kim , Bo-Young Youn
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching program integrated into a massage chair (BFR-7211) on lower limb strength, balance, and functional mobility in older adults, as a potential intervention for preventing sarcopenia and enhancing musculoskeletal health.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial with a 4-week follow-up (12 visits) and 1:1 allocation ratio, conducted without blinding due to the nature of the interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>Sixty-two community-dwelling older adults, 65 years and older, from a senior welfare center were randomized into an experimental group (massage chair with PNF stretching) or a control group (standard trunk exercise program) three times per week for a 4-week intervention period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The experimental group received mechanical massage therapy utilizing the PNF stretching mode (XM module, level 2) of the massage chair for 20 min, three times weekly over four weeks. The control group performed a standard trunk exercise program consisting of trunk curl-ups, diagonal trunk curls, and single-legged extensions for 30 min per session. The primary outcome was measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes included maximal hamstring strength, body composition, depressive symptoms (GDS-K), fear of falling (KFES), and quality of life (K-CASP-16). Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6th visit, and the final visit (visit 12). Within-group changes were assessed using paired t-tests, while between-group differences were analyzed with Welch’s t-tests and a prespecified ANCOVA adjusting for baseline SPPB, age, and sex. Adjusted mean differences with 95% CIs and p-values are reported, and a sensitivity analysis using a linear mixed model accounted for repeated measures at visits 6 and 12 with baseline SPPB as a covariate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The experimental group showed significant improvements in SPPB total score (from 9.42 ± 2.38 to 11.58 ± 0.67, <em>p</em> < 0.001), chair-stand, balance, and gait speed, while the control group showed minimal or negative changes. Hamstring muscle strength increased significantly in the experimental group for both legs, whereas the control group experienced a decline. The experimental group also demonstrated a slight increase in soft lean mass, which is also statistically significant. The experimental group also demonstrated a significant reduction in fear of falling (KFES: −3.00, <em>p</em> = 0.045) and improved quality of life (K-CASP-16: +2.32, <em>p</em> = 0.032), with no significant change in depressive symptoms or body composition. No serious adverse events were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A four-week massage chair-based PNF stretching program significantly improved lower limb strength, physical fun
目的评估整合到按摩椅（BFR-7211）中的本体感觉神经肌肉促进（PNF）拉伸程序对老年人下肢力量、平衡和功能活动能力的影响，作为预防肌肉减少症和增强肌肉骨骼健康的潜在干预措施。设计一项随机对照试验，随访4周（12次就诊），分配比例为1:1，由于干预措施的性质，未采用盲法。环境和参与者来自老年福利中心的62名65岁及以上的社区老年人被随机分为实验组（带PNF拉伸的按摩椅）和对照组（标准躯干锻炼计划），每周三次，为期4周的干预期。方法实验组采用按摩椅PNF拉伸模式（XM模块，2级）进行机械按摩治疗，每次20 min，每周3次，持续4周。对照组进行标准躯干锻炼计划，包括躯干卷腹，对角躯干卷腹和单腿伸展，每次30分钟。主要结果通过短物理性能电池（SPPB）测量。次要结局包括最大腘绳肌力量、身体组成、抑郁症状（GDS-K）、害怕跌倒（KFES）和生活质量（K-CASP-16）。在整个研究过程中监测不良事件。在基线、第六次访问和最后一次访问（访问12）时测量结果。使用配对t检验评估组内变化，而使用Welch t检验和预先指定的ANCOVA调整基线SPPB、年龄和性别来分析组间差异。报告了95% ci和p值的调整后平均差异，并使用线性混合模型进行敏感性分析，以基线SPPB为协变量，解释了第6次和第12次就诊时的重复测量。结果实验组在SPPB总分（由9.42±2.38分提高至11.58±0.67分，p < 0.001）、椅立、平衡、步态速度等方面均有显著改善，而对照组则无明显改善。实验组两条腿的腘绳肌力量明显增加，而对照组则有所下降。实验组的软瘦质量也略有增加，也有统计学意义。实验组还表现出对跌倒的恐惧显著减少（KFES: - 3.00, p = 0.045）和生活质量的改善（K-CASP-16: +2.32, p = 0.032），抑郁症状或身体成分无显著变化。无严重不良事件报告。结论以按摩椅为基础的为期四周的PNF拉伸方案可显著改善老年人下肢力量、身体功能和感知健康。这种干预为增强老年人的肌肉骨骼健康和降低跌倒风险提供了一种安全、方便和有效的策略。
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