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Distributed weighted average predictive control and delay margin analysis for an islanded microgrid with time delay 有时间延迟的孤岛微电网的分布式加权平均预测控制和延迟裕度分析
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101474
Zhiping Cheng, Kaifang Wang, Zhongwen Li

The time delay is inevitable in the communication process of actual microgrids (MGs), which may lead to controller failure and even affect stability. This paper proposes a distributed weighted average prediction (WAP) control for the secondary control of islanded MGs with time delay and analyzes its delay margins. Firstly, a secondary control strategy is designed to achieve the frequency and average voltage recovery and accurate active and reactive power-sharing. Secondly, a WAP strategy is proposed to improve the delay margin of the designed MG system. Finally, the stability and delay margin of the MG system is analyzed in the frequency domain and a rigorous formula is derived to calculate the delay margin. Compared with the system without WAP control, the delay margin of the system can be increased by 15.8%. The simulation results and the experimental results based on the StarSim Modeling Tech Real-time experimental platform verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can improve the delay margin of the system. The proposed analysis method can obtain the expression of specific system delay margins, which can guide the parameter design.

在实际微电网(MGs)的通信过程中,时延是不可避免的,它可能导致控制器失效,甚至影响稳定性。本文提出了一种分布式加权平均预测(WAP)控制,用于具有时延的孤岛微电网二次控制,并分析了其时延裕度。首先,设计了一种二次控制策略,以实现频率和平均电压恢复以及精确的有功和无功功率分担。其次,提出了一种 WAP 策略,以改善所设计的 MG 系统的延迟裕度。最后,对 MG 系统的稳定性和延迟裕度进行了频域分析,并得出了计算延迟裕度的严格公式。与没有 WAP 控制的系统相比,系统的延迟裕度提高了 15.8%。仿真结果和基于 StarSim Modeling Tech 实时实验平台的实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。结果表明,所提出的控制策略可以提高系统的延迟裕度。提出的分析方法可以得到具体系统延迟裕度的表达式,从而指导参数设计。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing the boundaries for TSO-DSO coordination when activating flexibility for DSO´s in networks with an expected significant load increase 分析在预期负荷大幅增加的网络中为 DSO 启动灵活性时 TSO-DSO 协调的界限
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101482
Fernando-David Martín-Utrilla , José Pablo Chaves-Ávila , Rafael Cossent

The Transmission System Operators (TSO) and Distribution System Operators (DSO) coordination literature deals with different coordination schemes or coordination methodologies. However, consumer actions or regular DSO operations continuously affect the system balance operation, and no major coordination is required as these actions individually have negligible impacts on the overall system. The literature has not previously analysed where the limit beyond which coordination is necessary. This question requires an analysis of the DSO operations where the need for coordination is foreseen and a case-by-case study of what type of impacts are created by the activation of the DSO flexibility resources on the responsibilities of the TSO. Such analysis helps to define thresholds and scenarios considering existing changes in distribution networks, which can be a reference for delimitating costly coordination procedures. This paper presents a revision of all the possible scenarios of the DSO operation needs and their impacts on TSO responsibilities considering the possible TSO/DSO borders at different voltage levels. Afterward, a methodology is proposed to analyse more deeply the impact of flexibility activation with an expected significant load increase. Representative case studies evaluate the possible impacts on TSO responsibilities of local flexibility activation. This paper concludes that the impact of local flexibility is expected to be significant when large power changes are managed in the short term, estimated in more than 50 MW if the DSO operates in 132 kV or more than 15 MW if the DSO operates up to 66 kV. At LV or MV level, minor coordination would be needed.

输电系统运营商(TSO)和配电系统运营商(DSO)的协调文献涉及不同的协调方案或协调方法。然而,消费者行为或 DSO 的常规操作会持续影响系统的平衡运行,由于这些行为对整个系统的影响微乎其微,因此无需进行重大协调。以前的文献没有分析过需要协调的极限在哪里。这个问题需要对预计需要协调的 DSO 运行进行分析,并逐个研究 DSO 灵活性资源的启动会对 TSO 的责任产生何种影响。这种分析有助于确定配电网现有变化的阈值和情景,可作为划定成本高昂的协调程序的参考。考虑到不同电压等级下可能存在的 TSO/DSO 边界,本文对 DSO 运行需求的所有可能方案及其对 TSO 责任的影响进行了修订。随后,本文提出了一种方法,用于更深入地分析预期负荷大幅增加时灵活性启动的影响。具有代表性的案例研究评估了本地灵活性激活对 TSO 责任的可能影响。本文的结论是,在短期内管理大的功率变化时,局部灵活性的影响预计会很大,如果运行电压为 132 千伏,则局部灵活性的影响估计会超过 50 兆瓦;如果运行电压高达 66 千伏,则局部灵活性的影响会超过 15 兆瓦。在低压或中压层面,需要进行少量协调。
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引用次数: 0
PP-LEM: Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Clearance Mechanism for Local Energy Markets PP-LEM:地方能源市场的高效和隐私保护清算机制
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101477
Kamil Erdayandi , Mustafa A. Mustafa

In this paper, we propose a novel Privacy-Preserving clearance mechanism for Local Energy Markets (PP-LEM), designed for computational efficiency and social welfare. PP-LEM incorporates a novel competitive game-theoretical clearance mechanism, modelled as a Stackelberg Game. Based on this mechanism, a privacy-preserving market model is developed using a partially homomorphic cryptosystem, allowing buyers’ reaction function calculations to be executed over encrypted data without exposing sensitive information of both buyers and sellers. The comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrates that PP-LEM is highly effective in delivering an incentive clearance mechanism with computational efficiency, enabling it to clear the market for 200 users within the order of seconds while concurrently protecting user privacy. Compared to the state of the art, PP-LEM achieves improved computational efficiency without compromising social welfare while still providing user privacy protection.

在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的本地能源市场隐私保护清除机制(PP-LEM),旨在提高计算效率和社会福利。PP-LEM 采用了一种新颖的竞争性博弈论清算机制,以斯泰克尔伯格博弈(Stackelberg Game)为模型。在这一机制的基础上,利用部分同态加密系统开发了一个保护隐私的市场模型,允许在加密数据上执行买方的反应函数计算,而不暴露买卖双方的敏感信息。综合性能评估表明,PP-LEM 在提供激励清算机制方面非常有效,计算效率高,可在数秒内为 200 个用户清算市场,同时保护用户隐私。与现有技术相比,PP-LEM在不损害社会福利的情况下提高了计算效率,同时还保护了用户隐私。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing cross-regional electricity transaction concerning transmission charges: A new market mechanism design 优化涉及输电费用的跨区域电力交易:新的市场机制设计
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101478
Yalin Chen , Bo Wang , Xianjia Wang , Shilong Ge , Heap-Yih Chong

Given the unbalanced distribution of power resources and demands in geography, cross-regional electricity transactions alleviate the conflict through the long-distance power supply. To ensure sustainable, efficient transactions, the market mechanism addressing the unavoidable transmission charges is essential for balancing the interests of all parties. This research designs a mechanism based on the Generalized Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (G-VCG) and threshold value setting considering generators' withholding behavior and power transmission charges. The theoretical analysis proves that this mechanism maximizes social welfare while satisfying individual rationality, incentive compatibility and weak budget balance. It can encourage all participants to report truthful information and motivate more power generation. Numerical studies of the PJM electricity market also demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism in the electricity market. The proposed mechanism contributes to new guidance and practical references for achieving fair and efficient transactions in the crossing-regional electricity market and improving the vigor of market participants.

由于电力资源和需求在地域上的分布不平衡,跨区域电力交易通过远距离供电缓解了这一矛盾。为确保可持续、高效的交易,解决不可避免的输电费用的市场机制对于平衡各方利益至关重要。本研究设计了一种基于广义维克里-克拉克-格罗夫斯(G-VCG)和阈值设定的机制,考虑了发电机的扣留行为和电力传输费用。理论分析证明,该机制在满足个人理性、激励相容和弱预算平衡的同时,实现了社会福利最大化。它可以鼓励所有参与者报告真实信息,激励更多发电。对 PJM 电力市场的数值研究也证明了该机制在电力市场中的有效性。该机制的提出为实现跨区域电力市场的公平高效交易、提高市场参与者的活力提供了新的指导和实践参考。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic behavior in TSO-DSO coordinated flexibility markets: A Nash equilibrium and efficiency analysis TSO-DSO 协调灵活性市场中的战略行为:纳什均衡与效率分析
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101476
Luciana Marques, Anibal Sanjab

This paper investigates the way in which the design of a TSO-DSO coordinated flexibility market can enable strategic behavior by flexibility service providers (FSPs). Multiple flexibility market models are considered for the procurement of flexibility services by transmission and distribution system operators, namely: a common (joint) market, a fragmented market, and a sequential multi-level market. Considering these market models, three non-cooperative games are introduced to investigate the strategic bidding and interaction between FSPs therein. Detailed conclusions are then drawn on the existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibria (NEs) in the developed games, including derivations of closed-form expressions of the resulting NEs and corresponding price-of-anarchy, capturing the FSPs’ strategic bidding impact on the markets’ efficiency. The analysis considers – first in a duopoly setting, then with multiple players – three different use cases representing when: (1) a sufficient flexible capacity exists (sufficient flexibility offered from the FSPs and adequate interconnection/grid capacity between systems); (2) participants have a scarce flexibility capacity; and (3) a restrictive interface capacity exists between the systems. A case study considering an interconnected transmission–distribution system and multiple FSPs corroborates the analytical findings. The obtained results show that market participants have incentives to set bid prices greater than their marginal costs, thus decreasing the markets’ efficiency. This aspect is shown to be more pronounced when the available flexible capacity is limited, a restrictive line limit is present, or when the market is fragmented, thus supporting the need for additional network investments and the creation of joint flexibility market formats.

本文研究了输电系统运营商-配电系统运营商协调灵活性市场的设计如何促进灵活性服务提供商(FSP)的战略行为。本文考虑了输电和配电系统运营商采购灵活性服务的多种灵活性市场模式,即:共同(联合)市场、分散市场和连续多级市场。考虑到这些市场模型,本文引入了三种非合作博弈,以研究其中的战略竞标和 FSP 之间的互动。然后,就所开发博弈中纳什均衡点(NEs)的存在性和唯一性得出了详细结论,包括推导出由此产生的纳什均衡点和相应的无政府价格的闭式表达式,从而捕捉到 FSP 的战略竞价对市场效率的影响。分析考虑了三种不同的使用情况--首先是在双头垄断的情况下,然后是在多头垄断的情况下,这三种情况分别代表了什么情况:(1) 存在充足的灵活容量(FSP 提供充足的灵活容量,系统间存在充足的互联/并网容量);(2) 参与者拥有稀缺的灵活容量;(3) 系统间存在限制性接口容量。一项考虑到互联输配电系统和多个固定电网服务商的案例研究证实了上述分析结果。研究结果表明,市场参与者有动力设定高于其边际成本的投标价格,从而降低了市场效率。在可用灵活容量有限、存在限制性线路限制或市场分散的情况下,这种情况会更加明显,因此需要增加网络投资和创建联合灵活市场模式。
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引用次数: 0
A constrained price-based demand response framework employing utility functions in three-state Overlapping Generation and Gift and Bequest based model in distribution system 配电系统中基于三态重叠发电和赠与与遗赠模型的效用函数的受限价格需求响应框架
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101475
Gaurav Kansal, Rajive Tiwari

Demand response provides an opportunity for consumers to play a significant role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting their electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives. These programs are important as they have the potential to help electricity providers save money through reductions in peak demand and the ability to defer construction of new power plants and power delivery systems specifically, those reserved for use during peak times. For the successful application of DR in day-to-day life, DR models are necessary to be implemented. Many of the existing DR models primarily focus on the formulation of after-DR demand based on price elasticity. Though these models are devoid of basic humans’ micro-economic behavior, which is an essential part of a DR stakeholder. Considering these shortcomings of the existing DR literature, this paper envisages formulating DR models based on the foundation of basic humans’ manifestations of demand flexibility, willingness, load recovery, and altruistic behavior. Hence, this paper proposes two price-based DR models known as the three-state Overlapping Generation (OLG) model and the Gift and Bequest (G&B) based DR model. These models are based on customers’ microeconomic behaviors and are suitable for representing load recovery with minimal parameters. Both three-state OLG and G&B-based DR models are examined on IEEE 33-bus and 118-bus distribution systems and are compared with the existing price-elasticity model (PEM) and two-state OLG-based DR model.

需求响应为消费者提供了一个在电网运行中发挥重要作用的机会,他们可以根据基于时间的费率或其他形式的经济激励措施,在用电高峰期减少或转移用电量。这些计划非常重要,因为它们有可能帮助电力供应商通过减少高峰需求来节省资金,并能够推迟新发电厂和电力输送系统的建设,特别是那些为高峰时段使用而预留的发电厂和电力输送系统。要在日常生活中成功应用减少电力需求,就必须实施减少电力需求模式。许多现有的 DR 模型主要侧重于根据价格弹性制定 DR 后的需求。尽管这些模型缺乏基本的人类微观经济行为,而这正是 DR 利益相关者的重要组成部分。考虑到现有 DR 文献的这些缺陷,本文设想在人类需求灵活性、意愿、负荷恢复和利他行为等基本表现的基础上制定 DR 模型。因此,本文提出了两种基于价格的 DR 模型,即三态重叠发电(OLG)模型和基于赠与和遗赠(G&B)的 DR 模型。这些模型以客户的微观经济行为为基础,适用于以最小参数表示负荷恢复。我们在 IEEE 33 总线和 118 总线配电系统上检验了三态 OLG 模型和基于 G&B 的 DR 模型,并与现有的价格弹性模型 (PEM) 和基于 OLG 的两态 DR 模型进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of phase selection on accuracy and scalability in calculating distributed energy resources hosting capacity 相位选择对计算分布式能源资源托管容量的准确性和可扩展性的影响
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101473
Tomislav Antić , Andrew Keane , Tomislav Capuder

Hosting capacity (HC) and dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs), defined as dynamic, time-varying HC, are calculated using three-phase optimal power flow (OPF) formulations. Due to the computational complexity of such optimisation problems, HC and DOE are often calculated by introducing certain assumptions and approximations, including the linearised OPF formulation, which we implement in the Python-based tool ppOPF. Furthermore, we investigate how assumptions of the distributed energy resource (DER) connection phase impact the objective function value and computational time in calculating HC and DOE in distribution networks of different sizes. The results are not unambiguous and show that it is not possible to determine the optimal connection phase without introducing binary variables since, no matter the case study, the highest objective function values are calculated with mixed integer OPF formulations. The difference is especially visible in a real-world low-voltage network in which the difference between different scenarios is up to 14 MW in a single day. However, binary variables make the problem computationally complex and increase computational time to several hours in the DOE calculation, even when the optimality gap different from zero is set.

托管容量(HC)和动态运行包络(DOE),定义为动态、时变的 HC,使用三相优化功率流(OPF)公式计算。由于此类优化问题的计算复杂性,HC 和 DOE 通常通过引入某些假设和近似值来计算,包括线性化 OPF 公式,我们在基于 Python 的工具 ppOPF 中实现了这一计算。此外,我们还研究了在计算不同规模配电网络的 HC 和 DOE 时,分布式能源资源 (DER) 连接阶段的假设如何影响目标函数值和计算时间。结果并不明确,并表明不引入二进制变量不可能确定最佳连接阶段,因为无论案例研究如何,最高目标函数值都是通过混合整数 OPF 公式计算得出的。这种差异在现实世界的低压电网中尤为明显,不同方案在一天内的差异高达 14 兆瓦。然而,二进制变量会使问题的计算变得复杂,即使设置了与零不同的优化差距,DOE 计算的计算时间也会增加几个小时。
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引用次数: 0
Incentivizing sustainable practices: Game-theoretic approach to peer-to-peer energy trading in the green transition era 激励可持续做法:绿色转型时代点对点能源交易的博弈论方法
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101472
Jingxuan Dong, Jian Li

The urgent global concern regarding climate change has highlighted the necessity for transitioning to power generation with zero carbon emissions to promote a sustainable and environmentally conscious society. A crucial element in this transformation is reducing our dependence on the primary grid, which is predominantly powered by fossil fuels, natural gas, and coal. An innovative strategy for achieving this essential transition is through peer-to-peer energy trading (P2PET). However, the effectiveness of P2PET relies on successfully aligning the energy-related objectives of its participants. Identifying and effectively addressing these goals is a significant challenge. In response, this paper introduces a game-theoretic framework designed to encourage subscribers to engage in P2PET, both in islanded microgrids and interconnected grid configurations. Our methodology begins by introducing a model that captures the core energy-related objectives of both energy producers and consumers. This model is supported by a layered architectural framework tailored for peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces, enhancing the identification and classification of existing technologies in this domain. Following this, we delve into the formulation of an extended-form game rooted in non-cooperative game theory. We systematically evaluate the presence of strict Nash equilibria within this game-theoretic structure. To promote active engagement and trading in the peer-to-peer energy market (P2PEM), we introduce an innovative energy allocation policy. This policy is strategically devised to ensure the inclusion of every subscriber in the market, irrespective of fluctuations in supply and demand dynamics. Our proposed P2PET scheme is tested on a representative system, specifically a 14-bus IEEE network, incorporating 8 energy producers and 11 consumers as active participants in the market. By conducting an extensive series of tests, we accurately evaluate the design's performance. The results, compared to previous studies, show a significant reduction in consumer energy bills, ranging from 33 % to 7 %. This convincing result underscores the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed energy trading framework. In a world grappling with the imperative to transition to sustainable energy practices, our game-theoretic approach to incentivizing participants in P2PET emerges as a pivotal contribution. It demonstrates tangible benefits, promotes green energy production, and encourages responsible energy consumption.

全球对气候变化的迫切关注凸显了向零碳排放发电转型的必要性,以促进社会的可持续发展和环保意识。这种转型的一个关键因素是减少我们对主要由化石燃料、天然气和煤炭驱动的主电网的依赖。实现这一重要转变的创新战略是点对点能源交易(P2PET)。然而,P2PET 的有效性取决于能否成功协调参与者的能源相关目标。确定并有效实现这些目标是一项重大挑战。为此,本文引入了一个博弈论框架,旨在鼓励用户参与 P2PET,包括孤岛微电网和互联电网配置中的 P2PET。我们的方法首先引入了一个模型,该模型捕捉了能源生产者和消费者与能源相关的核心目标。该模型由专为点对点(P2P)市场定制的分层架构框架提供支持,从而加强了对该领域现有技术的识别和分类。随后,我们深入探讨了基于非合作博弈论的扩展形式博弈。我们系统地评估了这一博弈理论结构中是否存在严格的纳什均衡。为了促进点对点能源市场(P2PEM)中的积极参与和交易,我们引入了一种创新的能源分配政策。无论供需动态如何波动,该政策的战略设计都能确保将每个用户都纳入市场。我们提出的 P2PET 方案在一个具有代表性的系统上进行了测试,特别是一个 14 总线的 IEEE 网络,其中有 8 个能源生产商和 11 个消费者作为市场的积极参与者。通过进行一系列广泛的测试,我们准确评估了该设计的性能。与之前的研究相比,结果显示消费者的能源账单显著减少,减少幅度从 33% 到 7%。这一令人信服的结果凸显了我们提出的能源交易框架的有效性和稳健性。在全世界都在努力向可持续能源实践转型的当下,我们采用博弈论方法来激励 P2PET 的参与者是一项关键性的贡献。它展示了实实在在的好处,促进了绿色能源生产,鼓励了负责任的能源消费。
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引用次数: 0
Reactive power management in distribution networks in the presence of distributed generation sources based on information gap decision theory 基于信息差距决策理论的分布式发电网络无功功率管理
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101470
Maryam Ramezani, Mahboobeh Etemadizadeh, Hamid Falaghi

The presence of uncertain parameters in power systems has led to many challenges for the designers and operators of these systems. One of these challenges is reactive power management in the presence of distributed renewable generation sources.

In this article, the management of reactive power in distribution networks in the electricity market and the presence of distributed renewable generation sources, including wind and solar power plants, is performed considering the uncertainties in the network load, power generation of distributed generation sources, and active and reactive power market prices. Furthermore, reactive power cost modeling of reactive power compensation equipment is carried out.

A hybrid stochastic/robust optimization method is employed to model the uncertainties in the problem. Finally, the efficiency of the method is confirmed by numerical examinations using the IEEE 33-bus distribution network and the GAMS optimization software. Simulation results indicate that in the risk-averse strategy, for a certain increase in cost, the radius of uncertainty in the active and reactive power market prices increases. Also, in this strategy, as β increases, the total cost of network operating increases by 81.72 %, while in a risk-seeking strategy, with the increase of β, the total operating cost of the network decreases by 77.78 %.

电力系统中不确定参数的存在给这些系统的设计者和操作者带来了许多挑战。本文考虑到网络负荷、分布式发电设备发电量以及有功和无功功率市场价格的不确定性,对电力市场中配电网络的无功功率管理以及分布式可再生能源(包括风能和太阳能发电厂)的存在进行了研究。此外,还对无功功率补偿设备进行了无功功率成本建模,并采用随机/稳健混合优化方法对问题中的不确定性进行建模。最后,通过使用 IEEE 33 总线配电网络和 GAMS 优化软件进行数值检验,证实了该方法的效率。仿真结果表明,在风险规避策略中,当成本增加到一定程度时,有功和无功功率市场价格的不确定性半径会增大。同时,在该策略中,随着 β 的增加,网络的总运行成本增加了 81.72%;而在风险规避策略中,随着 β 的增加,网络的总运行成本降低了 77.78%。
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引用次数: 0
Renewable energy communities and mitigation of energy poverty: Instruments for policymakers and community managers 可再生能源社区和减轻能源贫困:决策者和社区管理者的工具
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101471
Laura Campagna, Giuliano Rancilio, Lucio Radaelli, Marco Merlo

Energy poverty has been increasing since the early 2020s because of rising energy prices. This is attributed to geopolitical crises and the inclusion of the energy cost of CO2 pricing, which was historically an externality. Policymakers and citizens need new tools to address this issue, and energy communities are recognized as a valuable tool for mitigation. This study proposes two complementary approaches that relate to energy poverty and Renewable Energy Communities (RECs). The first aims to define and map energy poverty to support the policy in targeting measures and incentives. Using publicly available data, a new methodology is proposed for mapping energy poverty risk over a large territory with a fine granularity. The second approach taken sees REC managers at the center, who are tasked with sharing the economic benefits appropriately and equitably. A series of multi-criteria sharing mechanisms were developed and compared with the existing ones (e.g., based on Shapley value), including the energy poverty mitigation among them and the assessment of the impact of RECs on it. The results show that sharing methods can be one of the viable pathways for mitigating energy poverty through RECs without compromising the economy of non-vulnerable REC members.

由于能源价格不断上涨,能源贫困自 2020 年代初开始加剧。这归因于地缘政治危机,以及将能源成本纳入二氧化碳定价,而这在历史上是一个外部因素。政策制定者和公民需要新的工具来解决这一问题,而能源社区被认为是一种有价值的缓解工具。本研究提出了两种与能源贫困和可再生能源社区(RECs)相关的互补方法。第一种方法旨在定义能源贫困并绘制其地图,以支持政策有针对性地采取措施和激励措施。利用可公开获得的数据,提出了一种新的方法,以精细的粒度绘制大范围内的能源贫困风险图。第二种方法以区域经济共同体管理者为中心,他们的任务是适当、公平地分享经济利益。研究人员开发了一系列多标准分享机制,并与现有机制(如基于夏普利值的机制)进行了比较,包括其中的能源贫困缓解机制以及可再生能源中心对其影响的评估。结果表明,共享方法可以成为通过区域经济共同体缓解能源贫困的可行途径之一,同时不会损害非弱势区域经济共同体成员的经济。
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引用次数: 0
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Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks
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