中国疫苗和免疫最新文献

Objective: To summarize the adverse events of Measles, mumps, rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) during 2008 in Changning District of Shanghai. To research the effective monitoring pattern of adverse event following immunization (AEFI), and to provide evidence for establishing the safe monitoring system.

Methods: Using MMR as the surveillance vaccine, the AEFI monitoring research with the active and passive methods was implemented.

Results: 95 reports were collected. Most of the adverse events were common. The imformation from the active method was more than the imformation from the passive method. It was established the communication mechanism of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between the different levels.

Conclusion: Active and passive methods will improve the susceptibility and the utilization rate of data reporting.

Objectives: To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics, and characteristics of population distribution as well, and to provide the scientific data for the adult measles control.

Methods: Using descriptive epidemiology and statistical approach to analyze the clinical information for the adult measles patients hospitalized in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Urumqi city in Xinjiang province of China between Oct. 2007 and Mar. 2008.

Results: The average age of all the patients was 25.5 years old. 63 patients had fever and most of them were at 39.1-40.0'C. 61(96.8%) patients had rash, and 54 (85.7%) patients had koplik spots at the moment of hospitalization. 26 (41.3%) patients had the complications of acute tracheobronchitis. And the chest radiograph of 28 (44.4%) patients showed the inflammatory shadow. The proportion of the neutrophils of 11 (17.5%) patients was high level in the blood testing. The alanine aminotransferase of 18 (28.6%) patients were elevated. All the patients were recovery.

Conclusion: More and more adult measles patients occurred in China in recent years. The clinical characteristics among the patients was variable. It is necessary to discuss and make a decision about the issue of supplementary immunization for adult population in China.

Objective: To use a new simple Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was applied to detect rubella virus nucleic acid and compared with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

Method: Comparing the detection rate of the RT-LAMP method with that of RT-PCR for detecting rubella virus nucleic acid from rubella virus.

Results: The nucleic acid positive rates of all 11 strains of rubella virus were 100% by the two methods, the positive rate was 55%.

Conclusion: RT-LAMP is more simple and convenient than RT-PCR.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of group A/C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.

Methods: The double-blind, randomized, parellel controlled, single central clinical trial was carried out to evaluat safety and immunogenicity of MCV-A/C.

Results: 4-fold rise rate of antibody to group A, C and A/C were more than 90 percent after MCV. The GMTs of antibody serogroup A and C were more than 1:150 in four trial groups aged 3-5 months, 6-23 months, 2-15 years and 16-30 years, for which the susceptive subjects seroprotected. There were no significant differences between MCV and the control group in the systemic and local reactions rates. The systemic and local reactions rates after the first, second and third dose of MCV were low. And no severe systemic and local reactions.

Conclusion: Group A/C MCV was safe and immunogenic for the population > or =3 months old. Registration National Food drugs Surveillance administrative bureau, Medicine Clinical Experiment Written Directive from a superior" number:2006L04776.

To evaluate security of influenza virus vaccines by analysis of adverse reaction to influenza virus vaccine, especially the relationship between Guillain Barré syndrome and influenza vaccines.

Objective: To reveal the hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) coverage among pre-school children in Shandong province before Hepatitis A vaccine was introduced to the EPI and to provide evidence for improving the strategy for hepatitis A control.

Methods: A cross-section survey was conducted among children aged between 2 and 6 years old in Shandong province in March 2008. The study population was selected by random sampling method and HepA immunization history was obtained by immunization record or recall.

Results: 78.90% had received one dose of HepA at least. The coverage rate decreased with age and the differences in three age groups were statistically significant (chi2 = 11.54, P = 0.02). The coverage rates among the boys and girls were 77.67% and 80.30% respectively, the difference was not significantly (chi2 = 1.17, P = 0.28). The HepA coverage rates among the children living in the eastern areas and in the richer areas were higher than the centrale and western areas and poverty areas, the difference has statistic significance (chi2 = 27.25, 58.17, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The HepA routine immunization should be enhanced, especially in central and western areas and a HepA catch-up campaign should be conducted among the pre-school children in Shandong province.

Objective: This article is to analyze the features of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in BCG Literatures, and to provide information for AEFI surveillance and diagnosis.

Methods: The literatures were collected from CHKD and WANFANG databases, then the information from qualified publications were analysed.

Results: 100 cases from 90 publications were involved. >10 literatures were published every year in 2000-2007. 65% cases occurred < or =1 day and > or =15 days after vaccination. 54% cases occurred in the first dose. 21 cases were local redness and swelling, 16 cases were local indurations. 15 cases were suppurative lymphadenitis. 66% cases were cured. Of 100 cases, 40 were program error events, 40 cases were rare, serious vaccine reactions and 18 were coincidental illnesses. In all practice error events, 28 were using BCG as other vaccines and 12 were vaccination error. 71 of 100 cases were diagnosed by author, 17 by hospital, 9 by CDC and 3 by the expert group for AEFI diagnosis.

Conclusions: Overall, the mainly reason of BCG AEFI was operational error event. The serious cases, such as death, were related to immunological deficiency. The training of vaccination conductors and the clinical physicians should be strengthened in order to standardize the vaccination. The standardized immunization services and diagnosis of AEFI will reduce AEFI occurrence and the disputations about AEFI.

Objective: To investigate the status of hold vaccination contraindication knowledge by Zhengzhou Municipal vaccination staff for improving the vaccination service.

Methods: To sample 54 vaccination clinics with Stratified random samping 216 Expanded Program on Immunigation (EPI) staff were suvveyed by questionnaire and analyse the data with descriprive method.

Results: The knowledge rate on contraindications was 56.9%, knowledge was mainly come from vaccine manual, professional books and tranining.

Conclusion: The EPI staff's contraindications knowledge was weak, and vaccination contraindication rules should be developed to guide actual work as soon as possible.

Objectives: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis in Shanghai and to provide evidence for preventing JE.

Methods: Epidemic characteristics, JEV antibody in healthy population and swine infection rate in Shanghai were analyzed by methods of field survey, serology and molecular biology.

Results: JE incident rate in Shanghai was 0.077/100,000 in 2006; and 0.129/100,000 in 2007. Antibody positive rate before JE epidemic fastigium was 60.39%; postive rate after epidemic was 85.44%. JE IgG positive rate was 26.92% in 3-month swine and 14.86% in swine for sale; JE Gene in mosquito was analyzed for type 1.

Conclusion: The JE prevalence rate is relatively low in Shanghai. JE antibody positive rate is high in Shanghai population. Swine as a media is infected by JE virus. The JE virus in mosquitoes belongs to genotype 1.

Objective: To evaluate effect of health promotion project of element school students in Beijing and Gansu.

Methods: Evaluation field was conducted in 6 schools of hepatitis health promotion project. They were selected randomly from Beijing and Gansu, questionnaires were given to students and teachers for evaluating the awareness to hepatitis transmission and prevention, telephone interview was given to student's parents for awareness to hepatitis knowledge.

Results: Awareness to hepatitis was increased after health promotion, knowledge of hepatitis A and hepatitis B transmission among element school students were increased from 46.95%, 32.26% at baseline to 98.92%, 96.42% at middle-term respectively. Awareness rate of prevention of hepatitis A and hepatitis B were increased from 67.03%,67.38% at baseline to 98.21%, 99.64% at middle-term respectively. Immunization coverage of hepatitis A and hepatitis B was 29.75% at baseline, and reached 77.06% at middle-term after health promotion. The parent's awareness rate of hepatitis transmission and prevention also increased to 85% and 99% after intervention.

Conclusion: It was very effective of health promotion project in two provinces, the improvement of awareness of hepatitis was not only for students, but also for parents as well.