中国疫苗和免疫最新文献

Objective: To analysis the economic burden of varicella inpatient in China, 2007.

Methods: In three provinces, the sample places stratified by economic status in district, county and township level and were selected. 185 varicella inpatients were sampled and analysized.

Results: The cost of inpatient was 4025.86 RMB per case, including RMB 2952.6 direct cost and RMB 1073.26 indirect cost per case. The total cost of varicella inpatient in China was RMB 103 million in 2007.

Conclusion: The disease burden is heavy in China.

The theory and application of ROC curve are briefly introduced in this paper. Three main ROC curve related indices, area under curve (AUC), partial area under curve (pAUC), and sensitivity at a particular false-positive-rate (1-specificity) [Se(FPR=e)], are used to analyze a real data of five hepatitis B surface agent kits with calculated steps and explanation, including the bootstrap method for statistical inference of these indices.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To Screen best EIA kit that fits best for using in serological detection of HBsAg in the national investigation of hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods: Top 5 kinds of kits on the best seller list of China-made HBsAg EIA detection reagents were selected and each was detected the HBsAg panel (63 positive and 90 negative) 5 times. The s/n ratio of each test was recorded and transformed by log (s/n+1). Reliability indices ICC and CV, and validity indices AUC, pAUC and Se(FPR-e) were calculated and compared between each of the kits.

Results: The indices of ICC and CV of the 5 kits arranged in the same order of E, C, D, B and A, from the best to the worst, and the differences between them were significantly important (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05); The AUCs ranged from 0.965 to 0.987, and for kits E and B which had the biggest pAUCs, differs significantly from kits A and D (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05). Kit E had the highest Se(FPR-e) which was significantly bigger than kit B (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The 5 kinds of kits are all excellent and kit E is the best.

Pertussis remains to be a global public health problem, even in developed countries with full coverage of universal vaccination. This has been accompanied by a change of disease epidemiology, characterized by a significant increase in reported pertussis cases among adolescents and adults. Actually, reported cases of pertussis represent only a small part of the whole pertussis cases reservoir. In response to the changing epidemiology, several countries have implemented booster programs of universal adolescent vaccine. In this paper, the anther tries to review the changing epidemiology and reveal the causes of resurgence. By comparing pertussis immunization schedules in different countries, it will be helpful for reconsidering the vaccination strategic for pertussis in our country.

Objective: The aim of this study is to select a better one from five EIA kits made in China for the serological detection of anti-HBe in a national hepatitis B survey.

Methods: Top 5 kinds of kits on the best seller list of China-made anti-HBe EIA detection were selected and each was detected the anti-HBe panel (66 positive and 88 negative) 5 times. The co/s ratio of each test was recorded and transformed by log(co/s+1). ICC and CV, the reliability indices and AUC, pAUC and Se(PR=e), the validity indices were calculated and compared between every two kits.

Results: The indices of ICC and CV of the 5 kinds of kits arranged in the same order of A, E, C, D and B, from the best to the worst. For ICC, there were significantly different between every two of them (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05), except for between kit C and E. The magnitude ofAUCs were from 0.969 to 0.996; the orders of pAUC and Se(FPR=e) indices was C, E, D, A, B, and C, D, E, B, A respectively; both the indices of kit C were significantly higher than others (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: All the 5 kinds of kits are excellent and kit C is the best.

Objective: To Screen an EIA kit that fits best for using in serological detection of anti-HBs in the national investigation of hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods: Top 5 kinds of kits on the best seller list of China-made anti-HBs EIA detection kits were selected and each was detected the anti-HBs panel(44 positive and 108 negative) 5 times. The s/n ratio of each test was recorded and transformed by log(s/n+1). ICC and CV, the reliability indices and AUC, pAUC and Se(FPR=e), the validity indices were calculated and compared between each kit.

Results: The indices of ICC and CV of the 5 kinds of kits arranged in the same order of D, E, B, C and A, from the best to the worst and the differences between them were significantly important (Bootstrap method, P < 0.05), except for between E and B in the index of CV; the AUCs ranged from 0.980 to 0.993 and pAUCs did not differ with each other, except with kit A, the lowest one. Kit E had the highest sensitivity which was higher than kits B, C and D when the specificity was fixed at 0.97, and the later kits were higher than kit A(Bootstrap method, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: All the 5 kits are excellent and have synthetically considered the reliability and validity indicators and its function, kit D is the best.

Objective: To observe Cytopathic Effect of wild-type mump viruses in Vero/SLAM cell and identify genotype in a mump outbreak in 2008.

Methods: Throat swabs were collected and to isolated mump virus with Vero/slam cells.Cytopathic effect was observed and determined mump virus type with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: Of the total 15 throat swabs, different CPE were observed in 3 throat swabs but genotypes are same, they are F type, 3 throat swabs were not observed cytopathic effect but genotypes were F type.

Conclusion: There were different kinds of cytopathic effect in one mump outbreak although genotypes were same.

Objective: To study the coverage of timely birth dose of HepB vaccine (HepB1) and reasons contributed to the non-timely of HepB1 for the infants delivered in the hospital of remote and poverty areas in Yunnan province, and to bring forword the special strategies to improve the coverage of HepB of infants born at those hospitals.

Methods: According to the reported coverage and the estimated coverage of HepB1 vaccine, the HepB coverage of infants born at hospitals was investigated by sampling in Zhaotong and Xishuangbanna in 2007.

Results: The average coverage of HepB1 of infants born at the local hospitals was 67.19%, and the HepB1 coverage of infant was higher in county hospitals than in township hospitals. Infants with premature, low birth weight and asphyxia and the shortage of HepB vaccine were the mainly reasons to the non-timely HepB1 of infants born at hospitals.

Conclusion: The HepB1 coverage of infants was still keep at low level in the local hospital; and to assure enough HepB vaccine in the village hospitals and to grasp immunization contraindication correctly were the two key strategies to promote the HepB1 coverage for infants born at the local hospitals.

Objective: To study the genetic characteristic and amino acid mutation of hemogglutinin (H) protein of measles viruses circulated in Jilin provine in 2001-2008.

Methods: 5 representative strains of measles virus circulated in Jilin provine in 2001-2008 were chosen to conduct the RNA extraction and the Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for amplifying H gene and to do sequence analysis of the PCR products, and then to compare with Chinese vaccine strain S191 and 23 kinds of genotypes of measles virus representative strains from genebank for analysis of phylogenetic, nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity and variation, glycosylated domains variation.

Results: 5 strains of measles virus belong to H1 genotype, H1a sub-genotype. There were 6-17 (0.3%-0.9%) nucleotides and 3-9 (0.5%-1.5%) amino acids differences among 5 strains. There were 9-17 (0.5%-0.9%) nucleotides and 3-7 (0.5%-1.2%) amino acids differences between 5 strains and China 93-4, and 89-95 (4.8%-5.1%) nucleotides and 25-30 (4.1%-4.8%) amino acids differences between 5 strains and China vaccine S191. H protein of 5 measles virus all keep 4 glycosylation sites, the fifth glycosylation site NLS238-240 was losen because of the mutation from Set to Asn. in 240th amino acids.

Conclusion: 5 measles virus circulated in Jilin province in 2001-2008 lose one glycosylation site which probably affected antigenencity. The nucleotides and amino acids differences among 5 strains were not too but both the nucleotides and amino acids identity showed falling trend year after year with both China 93-4 and S191. The H gene variation of measles virus in Jilin province was still increasing and accumulating year by year.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the lyophilized live attenuated domestic varicella vaccine of Oka strain in Zhejiang province.

Methods: 785 susceptible children aged 1-13 years, who had no history of VZV infection and had not been immunized, were observed. RESULTS The results showed that 2.29% children had adverse reactions after 30 mins of inoculation, 3.69% children had adverse reactions after 4 hours, 3.82% children had adverse reactions after 24 hours, 1.78% children had adverse reactions after 48 hours, 0.25% children had adverse reactions after 72 hours, no adverse reactions were observed after six weeks. There were 3.82% children had fever, The incidence rate of other adverse reactions such as swell and scleroma were low. The vaccine had high sero-converson rate.

Conclusion: The results showed that it has good safety and immunogenicity of the live attenuated domestic varicella vaccine.