Di Sun, Yujie Xue, Colin Combs, Diane C. Darland, Julia Xiaojun Zhao
Silicon-based nanoparticles (SiNPs), with low toxicity and good biocompatibility, have been investigated for their applications in a wide variety of cell labeling approaches. However, SiNPs are frequently reported to have a strong blue emission and not the more advantageous red-near-infrared (NIR) emission. Porphyrin and its derivatives with red/NIR emission light properties, which can generate reactive singlet oxygen species and have low dark toxicities, have been applied as photosensitizers in therapeutic applications, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the inherent limitation of porphyrin is their poor solubility in aqueous solutions. In this work, Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) is incorporated with N-(Trimethoxysilylpropyl) Ethylenediamine, triacetic acid, and trisodium salt 35% (TMS-EDTA) to synthesize porphyrin SiNPs (pSiNPs) with red emission that has the added advantage of aqueous solubility. The obtained pSiNPs were characterized by various analytical methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the size distribution of the particles (42.7 ± 1.5 nm) and their ζ potentials (−31.6 ± 2.8 mV). Absorption property analysis revealed that the pSiNPs had a wide absorbance range from visible to NIR, with multiple absorbance peaks at 414, 527, 565, and 651 nm. The optical characterization of pSiNPs revealed two distinct emission peaks at 646 and 705 nm. The in vitro cell imaging indicated that pSiNPs were valuable imaging tools for cell labeling and the fluorescent signal from pSiNPs was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated in the perinuclear region of the cell. The photothermal performance and photodynamic effect showed that the pSiNPs were able to produce laser-induced heat generation that resulted in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), highlighting their potential to achieve PDT and PTT in the cells. The in vitro photosynergistic results indicated that pSiNPs had enhanced PDT/PTT therapeutic performance in the various cancer cell lines tested, including RAW 264.7 cells, MCF-7 cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells.
{"title":"Hydrothermally Synthesized Red-Emissive Porphyrin Silicon Nanoparticles (pSiNPs) for Photo-Induced Synergistic Therapy on Cancer Cells","authors":"Di Sun, Yujie Xue, Colin Combs, Diane C. Darland, Julia Xiaojun Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c18462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c18462","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-based nanoparticles (SiNPs), with low toxicity and good biocompatibility, have been investigated for their applications in a wide variety of cell labeling approaches. However, SiNPs are frequently reported to have a strong blue emission and not the more advantageous red-near-infrared (NIR) emission. Porphyrin and its derivatives with red/NIR emission light properties, which can generate reactive singlet oxygen species and have low dark toxicities, have been applied as photosensitizers in therapeutic applications, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the inherent limitation of porphyrin is their poor solubility in aqueous solutions. In this work, Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) is incorporated with N-(Trimethoxysilylpropyl) Ethylenediamine, triacetic acid, and trisodium salt 35% (TMS-EDTA) to synthesize porphyrin SiNPs (pSiNPs) with red emission that has the added advantage of aqueous solubility. The obtained pSiNPs were characterized by various analytical methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the size distribution of the particles (42.7 ± 1.5 nm) and their ζ potentials (−31.6 ± 2.8 mV). Absorption property analysis revealed that the pSiNPs had a wide absorbance range from visible to NIR, with multiple absorbance peaks at 414, 527, 565, and 651 nm. The optical characterization of pSiNPs revealed two distinct emission peaks at 646 and 705 nm. The <i>in vitro</i> cell imaging indicated that pSiNPs were valuable imaging tools for cell labeling and the fluorescent signal from pSiNPs was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated in the perinuclear region of the cell. The photothermal performance and photodynamic effect showed that the pSiNPs were able to produce laser-induced heat generation that resulted in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), highlighting their potential to achieve PDT and PTT in the cells. The <i>in vitro</i> photosynergistic results indicated that pSiNPs had enhanced PDT/PTT therapeutic performance in the various cancer cell lines tested, including RAW 264.7 cells, MCF-7 cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid metal (LM)-based flexible strain sensors face critical challenges, including LM leakage, high surface tension, and conductive network fracture under high strain, which severely limit their particle applications. To overcome these limitations, this study developed an innovative sensor by integrating a liquid metal–glass fiber (LMGF) conductive paste onto an adhesive casein gel (CG) substrate via mask printing. The GFs dynamically regulate LM migration and enable pathway reconstruction during deformation. The casein gel enhances interfacial stability through hydrogen bonding between its amino/carboxyl groups and the oxide layer on the LM surface. Remarkably, the sensor achieves the following: the resulting LMGF-CG sensor exhibits stable sensing performance up to 600% strain (with a 0.5 mm line width) and displays minimal signal drift after 500 loading cycles at 50% strain. The sensor’s sensitivity and operational range could be effectively tuned by adjusting the conductive line width and coil geometry. Furthermore, the device demonstrated conformal skin attachment for reliable monitoring of diverse physiological activities (e.g., eyebrow movement, swallowing, joint motion, and respiration), stable function in saline and PBS environments, and the ability to power stretchable LED arrays. A key sustainability feature is the full recyclability of the material via the NaOH dissolution of the interfacial oxide films. This work successfully resolves core challenges of LM sensors by synergizing dynamic GF regulation and casein-mediated adhesion, providing a versatile platform for sustainable, high-performance, flexible electronics.
{"title":"Synergistic Dynamic Conductivity and Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding in Liquid Metal Composites for Ultrastable Strain Monitoring","authors":"Jianyu Xu, Peixian Huo, Junsheng Zheng, Miaomiao Wang, Qiao Wang, Cuijuan Pang","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c17105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c17105","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid metal (LM)-based flexible strain sensors face critical challenges, including LM leakage, high surface tension, and conductive network fracture under high strain, which severely limit their particle applications. To overcome these limitations, this study developed an innovative sensor by integrating a liquid metal–glass fiber (LMGF) conductive paste onto an adhesive casein gel (CG) substrate via mask printing. The GFs dynamically regulate LM migration and enable pathway reconstruction during deformation. The casein gel enhances interfacial stability through hydrogen bonding between its amino/carboxyl groups and the oxide layer on the LM surface. Remarkably, the sensor achieves the following: the resulting LMGF-CG sensor exhibits stable sensing performance up to 600% strain (with a 0.5 mm line width) and displays minimal signal drift after 500 loading cycles at 50% strain. The sensor’s sensitivity and operational range could be effectively tuned by adjusting the conductive line width and coil geometry. Furthermore, the device demonstrated conformal skin attachment for reliable monitoring of diverse physiological activities (e.g., eyebrow movement, swallowing, joint motion, and respiration), stable function in saline and PBS environments, and the ability to power stretchable LED arrays. A key sustainability feature is the full recyclability of the material via the NaOH dissolution of the interfacial oxide films. This work successfully resolves core challenges of LM sensors by synergizing dynamic GF regulation and casein-mediated adhesion, providing a versatile platform for sustainable, high-performance, flexible electronics.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The memristor based on low-temperature growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is expected to integrate with current IC processes and become one of the fundamental devices for brainlike artificial intelligence hardware. To realize a high-density neural network, it is necessary to identify the size scaling effect of MoS2 memristors and determine whether they can match the size scaling of transistors. Therefore, the influence of different channel lengths on the performance of lateral nanoscale MoS2 memristors was investigated in this work. These memristors were constructed by low-temperature metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 between gold counter electrodes with different nanogaps that define the channel length of these lateral memristors from approximately 14 to 52 nm. By measuring their resistive switching behaviors, we found that the SET voltage decreases with the decrease of the channel length, which was proportional to the power 1.69 of the channel length; the threshold number of pulses (1 V, 1 kHz) required to convert the high-resistance state (HRS) to the low-resistance state (LRS) was found to be proportional to the power 2.87 of the channel length; and the threshold pulse magnitude to output spikes in a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model was found to be proportional to the power 1.01 of the channel length. The results indicate that as the channel length decreases, the voltage, threshold number of stimulation pulses, and threshold pulse amplitude required for resistive switching also decrease at a rate exceeding linear descent, which is basically consistent with the scaling trends of transistors.
{"title":"The Influence of Different Nanoscale Channel Lengths in Low-Temperature-Grown Lateral MoS2 Memristors","authors":"Danyun Wang, Daquan Yu, Hongyu Chen, Caiyuan Zhao, Xinyi Chen, Miao Lu","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c21337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c21337","url":null,"abstract":"The memristor based on low-temperature growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) is expected to integrate with current IC processes and become one of the fundamental devices for brainlike artificial intelligence hardware. To realize a high-density neural network, it is necessary to identify the size scaling effect of MoS<sub>2</sub> memristors and determine whether they can match the size scaling of transistors. Therefore, the influence of different channel lengths on the performance of lateral nanoscale MoS<sub>2</sub> memristors was investigated in this work. These memristors were constructed by low-temperature metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of two-dimensional (2D) MoS<sub>2</sub> between gold counter electrodes with different nanogaps that define the channel length of these lateral memristors from approximately 14 to 52 nm. By measuring their resistive switching behaviors, we found that the SET voltage decreases with the decrease of the channel length, which was proportional to the power 1.69 of the channel length; the threshold number of pulses (1 V, 1 kHz) required to convert the high-resistance state (HRS) to the low-resistance state (LRS) was found to be proportional to the power 2.87 of the channel length; and the threshold pulse magnitude to output spikes in a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model was found to be proportional to the power 1.01 of the channel length. The results indicate that as the channel length decreases, the voltage, threshold number of stimulation pulses, and threshold pulse amplitude required for resistive switching also decrease at a rate exceeding linear descent, which is basically consistent with the scaling trends of transistors.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metal zinc anode is a promising candidate for large-scale aqueous Zn-ion batteries due to its superior safety, affordability, and excellent theoretical capacity. Recent efforts in Zn anode development have primarily focused on mitigating dendrite growth and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by integrating protective layers into anode composites. Herein, we apply a six-step, multiscale modeling workflow: (1) forming the stable heterostructure, (2) electronic properties analysis, (3) screening of Zn vs H2O adsorption, (4) determining the HER limiting potential (UL), (5) calculating the Zn diffusion barrier, and (6) simulating explicit-electrolyte effect, to guide the design of 2D/2D MXene/MOF protective coatings. Three heterostructures are examined: Ti3C2F2/CuHHB, Ti3C2F2/CuHIB, and Ti3C2O2/CuHHB (abbreviated F/HHB, F/HIB, and O/HHB). All remain intact during 1 ps ab initio dynamics at 300 K and retain metallic conductivity. The O/HHB interface is the most effective; it favors Zn adsorption over H2O by 0.74 eV and raises the UL of HER to −2.41 V at the interface, making it more effective than Zn(002). In addition, classical MD simulations in 1 M ZnSO4 show that a large hydrogen-bonded network in the HHB pore further hinders the HER. The study singles out Ti3C2O2/CuHHB, with O termination and O donor atom, as a potential coating candidate and provides a transferable computational protocol for developing MXene/MOF skins that both suppress HER and mitigate dendrite growth.
{"title":"Rational Design of MXene/MOF Heterostructures to Suppress Hydrogen Evolution and Mitigate Dendrite Growth in Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries: Insights from DFT and MD Studies","authors":"Athis Watwiangkham, Phitchapa Ausamanwet Zijdemans, Sarinya Hadsadee, Yuwanda Injongkol, Nuttapon Yodsin, Manaswee Suttipong, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c15234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c15234","url":null,"abstract":"The metal zinc anode is a promising candidate for large-scale aqueous Zn-ion batteries due to its superior safety, affordability, and excellent theoretical capacity. Recent efforts in Zn anode development have primarily focused on mitigating dendrite growth and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by integrating protective layers into anode composites. Herein, we apply a six-step, multiscale modeling workflow: (1) forming the stable heterostructure, (2) electronic properties analysis, (3) screening of Zn vs H<sub>2</sub>O adsorption, (4) determining the HER limiting potential (<i>U</i><sub>L</sub>), (5) calculating the Zn diffusion barrier, and (6) simulating explicit-electrolyte effect, to guide the design of 2D/2D MXene/MOF protective coatings. Three heterostructures are examined: Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>/CuHHB, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>/CuHIB, and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/CuHHB (abbreviated F/HHB, F/HIB, and O/HHB). All remain intact during 1 ps ab initio dynamics at 300 K and retain metallic conductivity. The O/HHB interface is the most effective; it favors Zn adsorption over H<sub>2</sub>O by 0.74 eV and raises the <i>U</i><sub>L</sub> of HER to −2.41 V at the interface, making it more effective than Zn(002). In addition, classical MD simulations in 1 M ZnSO<sub>4</sub> show that a large hydrogen-bonded network in the HHB pore further hinders the HER. The study singles out Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/CuHHB, with O termination and O donor atom, as a potential coating candidate and provides a transferable computational protocol for developing MXene/MOF skins that both suppress HER and mitigate dendrite growth.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roksana Kurpanik, Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka, Zofia Kucia, Agnieszka Lechowska-Liszka, Nikola Lenar, Agnieszka Różycka, Marcin Sarewicz, Grzegorz Szewczyk, Ewa Stodolak-Zych
Antibiotic resistance poses a critical challenge in ocular medicine, where treatments must combine antibacterial potency with tissue compatibility. Electrospun core–shell nanofibers offer an attractive solution for ocular applications as they provide a biomimetic extracellular matrix structure with controlled drug release and surface functionality. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the mechanically robust, biodegradable core, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a hydrophilic shell to enhance wettability and ocular compatibility. The nanofibers were further functionalized with N,S-doped carbon quantum dots, exhibiting light-switchable redox behavior. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses revealed that N,S-doped CQDs possessed a significantly narrowed bandgap (3.14 eV) relative to cysteine- and tryptophan-derived CQDs, attributable to heteroatom-induced defect states and the formation of π–π conjugated domains, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XPS measurements showed valence band energies suitable for superoxide generation under illumination, consistent with the reported redox potentials. As a result, illuminated nanofibers produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations by 90% and 80%, respectively. In the dark, the same CQDs exhibited up to 90% radical-scavenging activity, increasing BJ human fibroblast viability by 35%. Additional mechanistic evidence indicated that light enhances the adhesion of CQDs to bacterial membranes, further promoting ROS-mediated inactivation. With a high quantum yield of 50% and strong blue fluorescence (λem = 445 nm, λex = 380 nm), the CQDs also offer imaging and diagnostic potential. Together, these findings position N,S-doped CQDs-modified core–shell nanofibers as a biologically adaptive platform capable of photodynamic antibacterial action while supporting cytoprotection and tissue regeneration─an innovative approach for combating antibiotic-resistant ocular infections.
{"title":"Photodynamic Antibacterial Nanofibers with Tunable Pro- and Antioxidant Activity via N,S-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Corneal Tissue Engineering","authors":"Roksana Kurpanik, Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka, Zofia Kucia, Agnieszka Lechowska-Liszka, Nikola Lenar, Agnieszka Różycka, Marcin Sarewicz, Grzegorz Szewczyk, Ewa Stodolak-Zych","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c16701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c16701","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance poses a critical challenge in ocular medicine, where treatments must combine antibacterial potency with tissue compatibility. Electrospun core–shell nanofibers offer an attractive solution for ocular applications as they provide a biomimetic extracellular matrix structure with controlled drug release and surface functionality. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the mechanically robust, biodegradable core, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a hydrophilic shell to enhance wettability and ocular compatibility. The nanofibers were further functionalized with N,S-doped carbon quantum dots, exhibiting light-switchable redox behavior. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses revealed that N,S-doped CQDs possessed a significantly narrowed bandgap (3.14 eV) relative to cysteine- and tryptophan-derived CQDs, attributable to heteroatom-induced defect states and the formation of π–π conjugated domains, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XPS measurements showed valence band energies suitable for superoxide generation under illumination, consistent with the reported redox potentials. As a result, illuminated nanofibers produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> populations by 90% and 80%, respectively. In the dark, the same CQDs exhibited up to 90% radical-scavenging activity, increasing BJ human fibroblast viability by 35%. Additional mechanistic evidence indicated that light enhances the adhesion of CQDs to bacterial membranes, further promoting ROS-mediated inactivation. With a high quantum yield of 50% and strong blue fluorescence (λ<sub>em</sub> = 445 nm, λ<sub>ex</sub> = 380 nm), the CQDs also offer imaging and diagnostic potential. Together, these findings position N,S-doped CQDs-modified core–shell nanofibers as a biologically adaptive platform capable of photodynamic antibacterial action while supporting cytoprotection and tissue regeneration─an innovative approach for combating antibiotic-resistant ocular infections.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global freshwater scarcity demands sustainable and cost-effective solutions. Solar-driven interfacial steam generation offers a promising approach, yet the performance optimization of biomass-based evaporators remains constrained by a limited understanding of their hierarchical structures. Herein, we present a comprehensive investigation of the multiscale architecture and topochemistry of bamboo, elucidating structure-property correlations between its inner and outer samples. Building on these insights, bamboo-based solar evaporators were fabricated via the in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), achieving superior solar absorption and thermal localization. The optimized bamboo-based evaporator delivers an outstanding evaporation rate of 2.996 kg·m–2·h–1 under 1 sun irradiation, offering a sustainable solution to global water and energy challenges. Moreover, the produced condensate meets WHO guidelines for drinking water, confirming its suitability for practical seawater desalination applications. This work provides new insights into the rational utilization of bamboo for high-performance photothermal materials and advances sustainable strategies for solar-driven water purification.
{"title":"Revealing Hierarchical Structure and Topochemistry of Bamboo for Efficient Solar Steam Generation","authors":"Junya Wang, Peisen Gao, Sheng Chen, Feng Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c21171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c21171","url":null,"abstract":"Global freshwater scarcity demands sustainable and cost-effective solutions. Solar-driven interfacial steam generation offers a promising approach, yet the performance optimization of biomass-based evaporators remains constrained by a limited understanding of their hierarchical structures. Herein, we present a comprehensive investigation of the multiscale architecture and topochemistry of bamboo, elucidating structure-property correlations between its inner and outer samples. Building on these insights, bamboo-based solar evaporators were fabricated via the in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), achieving superior solar absorption and thermal localization. The optimized bamboo-based evaporator delivers an outstanding evaporation rate of 2.996 kg·m<sup>–2</sup>·h<sup>–1</sup> under 1 sun irradiation, offering a sustainable solution to global water and energy challenges. Moreover, the produced condensate meets WHO guidelines for drinking water, confirming its suitability for practical seawater desalination applications. This work provides new insights into the rational utilization of bamboo for high-performance photothermal materials and advances sustainable strategies for solar-driven water purification.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donghwan Lim, Jaehoo Kim, Tae Young Kim, Jiwon Kwon, Jaewoo Kim, Jungmok Seo, Yong Hoon Jang, Sung Woon Cha, Jun Young Yoon
The fabrication of smart biomaterials that can perform precisely controlled multifunctional tasks in vivo is a significant and challenging goal in therapeutic medicine. Therefore, a remotely actuated, multifunctional smart biocomposite was fabricated herein using Ni–Ti alloy (Nitinol) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The Nitinol–PMMA composite achieved three distinct functions: shape morphing, microcellular foaming, and drug release. Under a noncontact electromagnetic field, the smart biocomposite underwent simultaneous preprogrammed shape morphing due to the heating of Nitinol and microcellular foaming in the carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated PMMA. This foaming enhanced the impact strength of the composite by 143% and enabled the controlled release of preloaded agents such as sodium benzoate (NaBz) from the PMMA matrix. The potential of the Nitinol–PMMA composite for vascular clamping was confirmed in an in vitro environment, wherein it exhibited excellent cytocompatibility with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The kinetic analysis of NaBz release using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model confirmed that the drug release was governed by a quasi-Fickian mechanism correlated to the porosity of the material. This remotely actuated system that integrates actuation, microbubble control, and customized therapy via tailored drug delivery represents a promising paradigm for the development of minimally invasive medical devices.
{"title":"A Remotely Actuated Multifunctional Nitinol–PMMA Smart Biocomposite: Microcellular Foaming, Shape Morphing, and Controlled Drug Release","authors":"Donghwan Lim, Jaehoo Kim, Tae Young Kim, Jiwon Kwon, Jaewoo Kim, Jungmok Seo, Yong Hoon Jang, Sung Woon Cha, Jun Young Yoon","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c19771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c19771","url":null,"abstract":"The fabrication of smart biomaterials that can perform precisely controlled multifunctional tasks in vivo is a significant and challenging goal in therapeutic medicine. Therefore, a remotely actuated, multifunctional smart biocomposite was fabricated herein using Ni–Ti alloy (Nitinol) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The Nitinol–PMMA composite achieved three distinct functions: shape morphing, microcellular foaming, and drug release. Under a noncontact electromagnetic field, the smart biocomposite underwent simultaneous preprogrammed shape morphing due to the heating of Nitinol and microcellular foaming in the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)-saturated PMMA. This foaming enhanced the impact strength of the composite by 143% and enabled the controlled release of preloaded agents such as sodium benzoate (NaBz) from the PMMA matrix. The potential of the Nitinol–PMMA composite for vascular clamping was confirmed in an in vitro environment, wherein it exhibited excellent cytocompatibility with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The kinetic analysis of NaBz release using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model confirmed that the drug release was governed by a quasi-Fickian mechanism correlated to the porosity of the material. This remotely actuated system that integrates actuation, microbubble control, and customized therapy via tailored drug delivery represents a promising paradigm for the development of minimally invasive medical devices.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) offer substantial advantages for industrial production due to their facile fabrication, low cost, and scalability. In p-MPSCs, however, perovskites undergo disordered crystallization with multiple facets within the complex scaffold of mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2)/mesoporous ZrO2 (mp-ZrO2)/mesoporous carbon (mp-C), resulting in film strain accumulation and restricted performance enhancement. To tackle this issue, we propose a facet orientation modulation strategy by introducing potassium sulfamate (ASK) to release strain accumulation in perovskite films. ASK exhibits a strong adsorption capability on the (001) crystal facet through interactions with the octahedral lattice, thereby promoting the formation of the (001) facet and enabling the preferentially oriented growth of perovskite films along this plane. Moreover, ASK effectively reduces the perovskite crystallization rate, allowing sufficient lattice reorganization and thus relieving residual stress during crystal growth. Ultimately, p-MPSCs employing this facet orientation modulation strategy achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.10%. ASK-optimized p-MPSCs retained 93% of their initial PCE after 150 days of storage in ambient air at room temperature, exhibiting excellent long-term stability.
{"title":"Facet Orientation Modulation for High-Performance of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Xing Li, Yiwen Chen, Wenhui Huang, Chao Ye, Haoran Cui, Zhenghong Deng, Xiuqin Shu, Pengyu Wang, Yu Huang, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c20961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c20961","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) offer substantial advantages for industrial production due to their facile fabrication, low cost, and scalability. In p-MPSCs, however, perovskites undergo disordered crystallization with multiple facets within the complex scaffold of mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> (mp-TiO<sub>2</sub>)/mesoporous ZrO<sub>2</sub> (mp-ZrO<sub>2</sub>)/mesoporous carbon (mp-C), resulting in film strain accumulation and restricted performance enhancement. To tackle this issue, we propose a facet orientation modulation strategy by introducing potassium sulfamate (ASK) to release strain accumulation in perovskite films. ASK exhibits a strong adsorption capability on the (001) crystal facet through interactions with the octahedral lattice, thereby promoting the formation of the (001) facet and enabling the preferentially oriented growth of perovskite films along this plane. Moreover, ASK effectively reduces the perovskite crystallization rate, allowing sufficient lattice reorganization and thus relieving residual stress during crystal growth. Ultimately, p-MPSCs employing this facet orientation modulation strategy achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.10%. ASK-optimized p-MPSCs retained 93% of their initial PCE after 150 days of storage in ambient air at room temperature, exhibiting excellent long-term stability.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Living conductive hydrogels that unite biological activity with robust electrogenic performance are emerging as transformative platforms for adaptive bioelectronics, yet most lose electrical functionality after mechanical damage or extended use. Here, we introduce an electrogenic living hydrogel embedding Bacillus subtilis spores─metabolically dormant, environmentally resilient, and capable of germinating into electrogenic bacteria─within a dual self-healing framework. The primary mechanism exploits hydrogen-bonded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEDOT:PSS–PVA) networks to restore mechanical integrity, while a secondary, conductivity-specific mechanism is activated by rupture of carbon nanotube (CNT)-loaded cellulose acetate microcapsules at the fracture interface, re-establishing percolation pathways. Germination triggers extracellular electron transfer (EET) by B. subtilis, synergistically boosting conductivity beyond the undamaged state and reducing internal resistances. As a proof-of-concept, the hydrogel served as the anode in a paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC), achieving a maximum power density of 1.5 μW cm–2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.38 V─comparable to state-of-the-art paper MFCs. By integrating mechanically resilient matrices, microcapsule-mediated conductivity restoration, and biologically triggered electroactivity, this platform establishes a paradigm for self-repairing, high-performance living electronics with broad potential in biosensing, energy harvesting, and soft bioelectronic systems.
{"title":"Self-Healing Electrogenic Living Hydrogels for Durable Bioelectronics","authors":"Ruohan Zhang, Yang Gao, Seokheun Choi","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c20049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c20049","url":null,"abstract":"Living conductive hydrogels that unite biological activity with robust electrogenic performance are emerging as transformative platforms for adaptive bioelectronics, yet most lose electrical functionality after mechanical damage or extended use. Here, we introduce an electrogenic living hydrogel embedding <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> spores─metabolically dormant, environmentally resilient, and capable of germinating into electrogenic bacteria─within a dual self-healing framework. The primary mechanism exploits hydrogen-bonded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEDOT:PSS–PVA) networks to restore mechanical integrity, while a secondary, conductivity-specific mechanism is activated by rupture of carbon nanotube (CNT)-loaded cellulose acetate microcapsules at the fracture interface, re-establishing percolation pathways. Germination triggers extracellular electron transfer (EET) by <i>B. subtilis</i>, synergistically boosting conductivity beyond the undamaged state and reducing internal resistances. As a proof-of-concept, the hydrogel served as the anode in a paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC), achieving a maximum power density of 1.5 μW cm<sup>–2</sup> and an open-circuit voltage of 0.38 V─comparable to state-of-the-art paper MFCs. By integrating mechanically resilient matrices, microcapsule-mediated conductivity restoration, and biologically triggered electroactivity, this platform establishes a paradigm for self-repairing, high-performance living electronics with broad potential in biosensing, energy harvesting, and soft bioelectronic systems.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Free-standing and flexible electrodes have recently garnered significant attention in the development of multifunctional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their slow kinetics and poor mechanical properties have hindered their practical application. In this study, a self-supporting C@GaInSn@CF electrode with a robust three-dimensional structure is developed by cleverly anchoring a liquid metal on a carbon skeleton. The liquid metal can effectively repair electrode cracks and maintain the electrical connectivity of the electrode, exhibiting good reversibility and a high storage capacity. At the same time, the carbon-coated structure prevents the liquid metal from shedding and establishes a stable solid electrolyte interphase during cycling. Therefore, the flexible electrode has a stable ion transport capability and good mechanical compliance. The cell with this electrode delivers an enhanced capacity of 267 mAh g–1 at the rate of 2 A g–1 and an outstanding life of 1000 cycles at the rate of 1 A g–1. The successful construction of a liquid-metal-based flexible anode provides a novel insight into the free-standing electrode and a significant step toward realizing high-performance LIBs.
近年来，在多功能锂离子电池（LIBs）的发展中，独立式和柔性电极引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，它们缓慢的动力学和较差的力学性能阻碍了它们的实际应用。在这项研究中，通过巧妙地将液态金属锚定在碳骨架上，开发了具有坚固三维结构的自支撑C@GaInSn@CF电极。液态金属能有效地修复电极裂纹，保持电极的电连通性，表现出良好的可逆性和较高的存储容量。同时，碳涂层结构防止液态金属脱落，并在循环过程中建立稳定的固体电解质界面。因此，柔性电极具有稳定的离子传输能力和良好的机械顺应性。采用这种电极的电池在2 A g-1的速率下提供267 mAh g-1的增强容量，并在1 A g-1的速率下提供1000次的出色寿命。液态金属基柔性阳极的成功构建提供了对独立电极的新见解，并朝着实现高性能lib迈出了重要的一步。
{"title":"Carbon-Coated Liquid Metal Structure Enables Self-Healing and High-Rate Electrode for Flexible Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Fangfang Xiao, Junkai Li, Kaizhao Wang, Jiale Wu, Yafei Wang, Kaijun Wang, Zhaowei Sun, Juemin Yan, Jin Hu, Shizhao Xiong","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c17719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c17719","url":null,"abstract":"Free-standing and flexible electrodes have recently garnered significant attention in the development of multifunctional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their slow kinetics and poor mechanical properties have hindered their practical application. In this study, a self-supporting C@GaInSn@CF electrode with a robust three-dimensional structure is developed by cleverly anchoring a liquid metal on a carbon skeleton. The liquid metal can effectively repair electrode cracks and maintain the electrical connectivity of the electrode, exhibiting good reversibility and a high storage capacity. At the same time, the carbon-coated structure prevents the liquid metal from shedding and establishes a stable solid electrolyte interphase during cycling. Therefore, the flexible electrode has a stable ion transport capability and good mechanical compliance. The cell with this electrode delivers an enhanced capacity of 267 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at the rate of 2 A g<sup>–1</sup> and an outstanding life of 1000 cycles at the rate of 1 A g<sup>–1</sup>. The successful construction of a liquid-metal-based flexible anode provides a novel insight into the free-standing electrode and a significant step toward realizing high-performance LIBs.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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