Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine最新文献

The rapid evolution of three-dimensional printing (3DP) has significantly impacted the medical field. In neurology for instance, 3DP has been pivotal in personalized surgical planning and education. Additionally, it has facilitated the creation of implants, microfluidic devices, and optogenetic probes, offering substantial implications for medical and research applications. Additionally, 3D printed nasal casts are showing great promise for targeted brain drug delivery. 3DP has also aided in creating 3D “phantoms” aligning with advancements in neuroimaging, and in the design of intricate objects for investigating the neurobiology of sensory perception. Furthermore, the emergence of 3D bioprinting (3DBP), a fusion of 3D printing and cell biology, has created new avenues in neural tissue engineering. Effective and ethical creation of tissue-like biomimetic constructs has enabled mechanistic, regenerative, and therapeutic evaluations. While individual reviews have explored the applications of 3DP or 3DBP, a comprehensive review encompassing the success stories across multiple facets of both technologies in neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and neuro-regeneration has been lacking. This review aims to consolidate recent achievements of both 3DP and 3DBP across various neurological science domains to encourage interdisciplinary research among neurologists, neurobiologists, and engineers, in order to promote further exploration of 3DP and 3DBP methodologies to novel areas of neurological science research and practice.

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Bone regeneration in oral surgery remains a challenge, due to the features of the oral environment, characterized by the presence of saliva and extensive interaction with external pathogens. Recent advances in this field highlighted that biomimetic apatites in which Ca²⁺ is replaced by Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions are promising candidates to guide bone regeneration with on demand activation control. In this study the Fe-doped apatite nanoparticles (FeHA) were developed and compared with magnetite nanoparticles, as new magnetic bio-activator, to be embedded in apatitic injectable paste/cement. Upon self-hardening, the new injectable cement generates a mechanically competent 3D superparamagnetic scaffold, endowed with remote activation by using static magnetic fields. We investigated the alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, as well as the behaviour of cells, when seeded onto the scaffold. The results show the ability of the cement to stimulate cell colonization and differentiation and how, when magnetized, they can further boost such phenomena. The proposed devices, in association with a magnetic aligner, can represent a new approach in oral surgery, able to tune the bone remodelling on demand, when the regenerative potential is impaired by physiological conditions such as aging or chronic diseases.

Cementoblasts and formation of new cementum are crucial for periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different graft materials on cementoblast’s proliferation, mineralization and mineralized tissue-related gene expressions in-vitro. Immortalized mouse cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were treated with the media containing released components of graft materials (100 mg/ml ratio; waited in 5% FBS containing media for 3 days). Proliferation of the cells was evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer for 170 h and wound healing assay was performed to determine the migration of OCCM-30 cells. Total RNA was isolated on days 3 and 6, and biomineralization of the cementoblasts was assessed using von Kossa staining. mRNA expressions of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), collagen type I (COL-I), runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) genes were examined using quantitative RT-PCR. While there was no significant difference at 72 h, all test groups showed significant reduction of cementoblast’s proliferation at 96^th and 120^th h. All graft materials increased cell migration to the experimental wounded area. While Bio-Oss^® showed significantly better effects on all mineralized tissue associated gene mRNA expressions on day 3 (p < 0.01), Nanobone^® upregulated Runx2 (p < 0.01) and BSP (p < 0.05), Emdogain^® induced OCN (p < 0.05) and Runx2 (p < 0.05). Endobon^® upregulated Runx2 only on day 3 and 6 (p < 0.05). The most prominent increase in mineralized nodule formation was observed in Nanobone^® (p < 0.05). In conclusion, released components of all graft materials have positive effects on the cementoblast’s functions while Bio-Oss^® might be preferable for gene expressions. Nanobone^® has superiority for the biomineralization of the cementoblasts. The interaction of the graft materials and the cementoblasts is critical for the formation of new cementum required for periodontal regeneration.

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Nowadays, various forms of organosilane materials are well established in the field of regenerative medicine, but interestingly, fibrous organosilanes have yet to be described. So far, technological obstacles prevent the preparation of such fibrous materials without any presence of spinnability-supporting organic polymers, various types of surfactants, or non-polar organic solvents, which are in many cases highly toxic and economically inconvenient. Recently, these obstacles were overcome by a complex, yet simple, technology combining different science perspectives from supramolecular chemistry through material science to tissue engineering. This paper suggests a synthesis of two biomedically promising monomeric organosilane precursors, N,N´-bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)terephthalamide (BTT) and N,N´-bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (BTP), which are submitted to a sol-gel process combined with subsequent electrospinning technology. Such a unique procedure not only allows the preparation of toxic-free organosilane fibrous mats by suitable adjustment of sol-gel and electrospinning parameters but also simplifies material production via a one-pot synthesis approach further tuneable with appropriate organosilane precursors. The BTT and BTP fibrous materials prepared displayed not only a promising interface among the materials and 3T3 fibroblast cell lines but moreover, the interaction of nanofibrous materials with stem cells has yielded encouraging outcomes. Stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were notably enhanced in the presence of these materials, suggesting a supportive microenvironment conducive to regenerative responses. The ability of the material to modulate the cellular behaviour of stem cells holds promising implications for the development of targeted and effective regenerative therapies.

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Dental calculus, a main contributor of periodontal diseases, is mostly composed of inorganic calcium phosphate species such as dicalcium phosphate, whitlockite, octa calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Under physiological pH 7.4, dicalcium phosphates can gradually interact with calcium carbonate to form hydroxyapatite. Therefore, we hypothesized that aragonite (Arg) could react with dental calculus, facilitating its removal. To assess the reactivity of Arg with dental calculus, we examined the changes in surface morphology, composition, and topography of Arg and dental calculus upon exposure to each other in an aqueous environment. The impact of Arg on the removal of dental calculus was assessed by brushing polished sections of dental calculus, enamel, and dentin with slurries of Arg and measuring the depth of abrasion using a stylus profilometer. Our results demonstrate that Arg can react with dental calculus in aqueous environment. This reaction increases calculus surface roughness which in turn facilitate dental calculus removal by brushing. Aragonite could be a promising abrasive for toothpaste design for management of dental calculus.

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This study proposes an innovative approach for the softening and removal of dental calculus based on the use of aragonite. This novel approach, which takes advantage of the chemical reactivity between aragonite and the minerals found in dental calculus, opens the door for developing homecare products that could help patients and clinicians more effectively control and manage dental calculus deposits. Anti-calculus Action. Pyrophosphate and carboxylate inhibit calculus formation by preventing calcium phosphate deposition in plaque.

Local therapy involving injectable hydrogel systems loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) has garnered significant attention in the realm of osteosarcoma (OS) research. Nevertheless, it has been noted that the local delivery of high-dose DOX exerts a pronounced inhibitory impact on osteogenesis, which is detrimental to the restoration of functional capabilities after OS treatment. To address this challenge, we have designed a self-assembled injectable hydrogel system that integrates photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy, aiming to enhance efficacy while mitigating adverse effects on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, an injectable sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel was fabricated by encapsulating titanium carbide powder (Ti₃C₂Tx) and osteoprotegerin Icariin (ICA) along with DOX. This hydrogel system demonstrated remarkable drug-loading capacity and sustained drug release. Furthermore, under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the hydrogel displayed outstanding photothermal effects, which, in conjunction with chemotherapy and phototherapy, effectively eradicated UMR-106 tumor cells in vitro. The incorporation of ICA not only enhanced the anti-tumor effect but also alleviated the adverse effects of DOX on the osteogenic differentiation inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, findings further confirmed that injectable ITD/SA hydrogels can synergistically heighten anti-osteosarcoma effectiveness while mitigating local osteogenic toxicity. Given these benefits, this hydrogel holds extensive application prospects in the local therapy of OS.

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Schematic diagram of injectable NIR-responsive ITD/SA hydrogel phototherapy versus chemotherapy for OS and protection against BMSCS. (A) Illustration of the preparation process of the ITD/SA hydrogel. (B) Schematic of the therapeutic effect of ITD/SA under NIR irradiation.

Tantalum (Ta) metal has emerged as a prominent material within the realm of bone tissue engineering, owing to its favorable biocompatibility, commendable mechanical attributes, and notable biological properties such as osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and angiogenic potential. However, as clinical applications have expanded, Ta implants have unveiled a spectrum of limitations. Consequently, porous tantalum (PTa) has garnered escalating interest, attributable to its unique microstructural attributes, tunable mechanical characteristics, and inherent biocompatibility. Various methodologies have been proposed to modify the surface of PTa, with the aim of accelerating and enhancing osseous integration while fostering more robust osseointegration. Strategic surface modifications have the potential to augment the inherent advantages of PTa, thereby offering diverse avenues for exploration within the realm of surface effects on PTa. This review elucidates the ongoing research endeavors concerning diverse biomaterial coatings applied to PTa surfaces in the context of bone tissue engineering.

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Oral drug administration is the preferred route for pharmaceuticals, accounting for ~90% of the global pharmaceutical market due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness. This study provides a comprehensive scientific and technological analysis of the latest advances in oral dosage forms for colon-targeted drug delivery. Utilizing scientific and patent databases, along with a bibliometric analysis and bibliographical review, we compared the oral dosage forms (technology) with the specific application of the technology (colon delivery) using four search equations. Our findings reveal a gap in the publications and inventions associated with oral dosage forms for colon release compared to oral dosage forms for general applications. While tablets and capsules were found the most used dosage forms, other platforms such as nanoparticles, microparticles, and emulsions have been also explored. Enteric coatings are the most frequently applied excipient to prevent the early drug release in the stomach with pH-triggered systems being the predominant release mechanism. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the last advancements and high-impact resources in the development of oral dosage forms for colon-targeted drug delivery, providing insights into the technological maturity of these approaches.

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Background: Electromagnetic induction heating is a newly developed disinfection method aimed at improving periprosthetic infection outcomes after Debridement and Implant Retention (DAIR). One safety concern is its effect over polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The objective of this in-vitro study is to assess such effect on cement adjacent to metallic arthroplasty components. Methods: Two different PMMA products, with and without antibiotic, were applied on three total-knee arthroplasty implants. A portable device was used to administer induction-heating protocols: 70 °C, 3.5 min and 100 °C, 3.5 min, while the third prosthesis served as control. The 602 cm⁻¹ and 558 cm⁻¹ bands in Raman spectroscopy were used to assess isotactic and syndiotactic components of PMMA, while 1339 cm⁻¹, 1295 cm⁻¹ and 882 cm⁻¹ bands in infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to assess crystallinity. Results: Isotactic/syndiotactic ratios were 0.27(±0.02) for antibiotic-free cement, and 0.41(±0.02) for gentamicin-loaded cement. After induction-heating protocols, isotactic fraction increased in antibiotic-free cement, and decreased in gentamicin-loaded cement. No evidence of crystallization was found in ATR-FTIR, except for a small increase in 1340 cm⁻¹ band after 100 °C protocol. Conclusions: Spectroscopic techniques confirmed that PMMA only experienced minor structural changes after induction heating treatments. From a structural viewpoint, these results suggest that electromagnetic induction heating could be a safe disinfection technique for cemented implants in total knee arthroplasty.

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This study investigated whether octacalcium phosphate (OCP) enhances bone regeneration through its synergistic effect with stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Recombinant SDF-1 (0.5–5.0 μg) was combined with OCP granules through lyophilization. OCP/SDF-1 granules were implanted into a rat femoral standardized defect for 2 and 4 weeks and subjected to histomorphometry, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and osteocalcin immunohistomorphometry, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) was used as a control for in vitro analyses. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration was estimated using a Transwell system with OCP/SDF-1. SDF-1 release from OCP/SDF-1 into the supernatant was determined without cells. SDF-1 adsorption in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer onto OCP, the chemical structure of OCP immersed in the medium using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the degree of supersaturation of the medium were determined. Bone regeneration and OCP degradation were enhanced the most by 1.0 μg of OCP/SDF-1 at 2 weeks after implantation by CT analysis and increasing CXCR4-positive, osteocalcin-positive, and TRAP-positive cells accumulation around the OCP. MSC migration increased until 48 h in the following order: SDF-1 only, CDHA/SDF-1, and OCP/SDF-1, with the greatest effect with 1.0 μg of SDF-1 than from OCP. CDHA promoted a greater release than OCP at 48 h. The physicochemical analyses indicated that SDF-1 interacted with OCP through Freundlich-type adsorption and that the adsorption controlled SDF-1 release from OCP during the hydrolysis into CDHA. Therefore, leveraging its molecular affinity for the OCP surface, OCP/SDF-1 facilitates MSC migration and enhances bone formation by ensuring the controlled, sustained release of SDF-1 from OCP.

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