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Study on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different morphologies of ceria nanoenzymes with multi enzyme mimetic activity. 具有多酶模拟活性的不同形态氧化铈纳米酶的抗氧化和抗炎性能研究。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06989-x
Ziyu Song, Yuan Lu, Meihua Xiang, Ke Wen, Qian Liu

Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) nanozymes are capable of mimicking the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), thereby facilitating the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aims to synthesize CeO₂ nanozymes with different morphologies by controlling reaction conditions and to elucidate the relationship between morphology and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the same material. The successful preparation of CeO₂ nanozymes with different morphologies was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our findings revealed that CeO₂ nanotubes exhibited the strongest total antioxidant capacity. More importantly, all CeO₂ nanozymes with different morphologies demonstrated excellent ROS scavenging abilities and effectively inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced phosphorylated p65 (P-p65) protein levels, and consequently decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. This study not only elucidates the structure-activity-anti-inflammatory efficacy relationship of CeO₂ nanozymes but also provides a significant theoretical basis for the development of novel anti-inflammatory nanomedicines.

二氧化铈(ceo2)纳米酶能够模拟超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,从而促进活性氧(ROS)的清除。本研究旨在通过控制反应条件合成不同形态的CeO 2纳米酶,并阐明同种材料的形态与抗氧化、抗炎活性的关系。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和x射线衍射(XRD)等手段证实了不同形貌的CeO 2纳米酶的成功制备。我们的研究结果表明,CeO₂纳米管具有最强的总抗氧化能力。更重要的是,所有不同形态的CeO 2纳米酶都表现出优异的ROS清除能力,并能有效抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,降低磷酸化p65 (P-p65)蛋白水平,从而减少IL-6等促炎细胞因子的释放。本研究不仅阐明了CeO 2纳米酶的结构-活性-抗炎功效关系,而且为新型抗炎纳米药物的开发提供了重要的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Exosome-loaded hydrogel systems for spinal cord injury repair: mechanisms, advancements, and future directions. 外泌体负载水凝胶系统用于脊髓损伤修复:机制,进展和未来方向。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06931-1
Lang Wu, Yu Zhu, Qing Meng

Despite ongoing research efforts, spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most disabling neurological disorders where current therapies provide limited solutions that mostly address symptoms rather than true regeneration. The latest research indicates that exosome-loaded hydrogel systems could function as a dual-purpose treatment for spinal cord injury in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are tiny membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles that carry multiple therapeutic biomolecules which help control inflammation while delivering neuroprotective and tissue regenerative properties. The structural support and controlled release capabilities of hydrogels allow them to encapsulate exosomes which leads to their stable and bioactive delivery to the injury site. This study evaluates recent progress in exosome-loaded hydrogel technology for spinal cord injury repair by examining SCI mechanisms and the advantages of combining exosomes with hydrogels to develop optimized delivery systems. Our discussion will cover both the challenges of standardizing exosome production and hydrogel formulation as well as the scalability of these systems for in vivo applications. The following review will provide a summary of this novel SCI treatment approach and set out research directions to develop a therapy that is efficient, scalable, and translatable to humans.

尽管正在进行研究,脊髓损伤(SCI)仍然是最致残的神经系统疾病之一,目前的治疗方法提供的解决方案有限,主要是解决症状,而不是真正的再生。最新研究表明,外泌体负载水凝胶系统可作为再生医学中脊髓损伤的双重治疗手段。外泌体是微小的膜封闭细胞外囊泡,携带多种治疗性生物分子,有助于控制炎症,同时提供神经保护和组织再生特性。水凝胶的结构支持和控制释放能力使它们能够包裹外泌体,从而导致它们稳定和生物活性地递送到损伤部位。本研究通过考察脊髓损伤机制以及外泌体与水凝胶结合开发优化递送系统的优势,评估了外泌体负载水凝胶技术用于脊髓损伤修复的最新进展。我们的讨论将涵盖标准化外泌体生产和水凝胶配方的挑战,以及这些系统在体内应用的可扩展性。下面的综述将对这种新颖的脊髓损伤治疗方法进行总结,并提出研究方向,以开发一种高效、可扩展、可转化为人类的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy and safety of a novel ab interno supraciliary HA-Mg biodegradable glaucoma drainage plate implantation in rabbit eyes. 一种新型眼睫上HA-Mg可生物降解青光眼引流板植入兔眼的疗效和安全性。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-026-07008-3
Yujie Rao, Minghe Xiao, Wangdu Luo, Kevin Feng, Junlong Yu, Yi Chen, Xiaomin Zhu, Shicui Xu, Shuang Yuan, Hong Liu, Cindy Hutnik, Yong Wang, Xiangji Li, Lin Xie

The uveoscleral outflow pathway is one of the important pathways for aqueous humor outflow. Implanting ab interno glaucoma drainage devices through this pathway does not require conjunctival filtering bleb formation, thereby avoiding bleb-related complications. However, permanent drainage devices can easily cause damage to the corneal endothelium. We hypothesize that a novel ab interno supraciliary HA-Mg biodegradable glaucoma drainage plate through the uveoscleral pathway can reduce corneal endothelial cell damage, demonstrate an IOP-lowering effect, and form and maintain a physiological aqueous outflow pathway after complete degradation and absorption. Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: HA-Mg drainage plate group (10 right eyes), trabeculectomy group (6 right eyes), and control group (16 left eyes). Results showed that the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the ab interno plate group was significantly lower than in the other two groups within the first 20 weeks after surgery (P < 0.0001). After 21 weeks, the IOP in the ab interno plate group gradually returned to the levels of the other two groups. Within 5 months after surgery, the plate was completely degraded and absorbed, the aqueous humor drainage pathway extended to the supraciliary space at the anterior chamber angle, and a water sac-like gap formed above the ciliary body. At the 6th month postoperatively, the number of corneal endothelial cells in the ab interno supraciliary HA-Mg drainage plate group was 2446.0 ± 104.3, and in the control group was 2391.67 ± 49.6, revealing no statistically significant difference (t = -1.611, P = 0.168). In summary, the HA-Mg biodegradable glaucoma drainage plate placement in rabbits was well fixed in the supraciliary space. After 5 months of implantation, the internal drainage plate was completely absorbed, and the implantation procedure and degradation process did not cause damage to the corneal endothelial cells. Compared with the trabeculectomy group, the ab interno plate group maintained a significantly lower IOP for a longer period in this normotensive rabbit model. Although an aqueous humor drainage channel was formed after degradation, the IOP gradually returned to the levels of the control group.

巩膜流出通道是房水流出的重要通道之一。通过该途径植入眼间青光眼引流装置不需要结膜滤过泡形成,从而避免了与泡相关的并发症。然而,永久性引流装置容易造成角膜内皮的损伤。我们假设一种新型的经巩膜通路的眼上HA-Mg可生物降解青光眼引流板可以减轻角膜内皮细胞损伤,显示出降低眼压的作用,并在完全降解吸收后形成并维持生理性的水流出通道。选取16只新西兰大白兔,随机分为三组:HA-Mg引流板组(右眼10只)、小梁切除术组(右眼6只)和对照组(左眼16只)。结果显示,术后20周内,腹板间板组眼压明显低于其他两组(P
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn-Ni spinel ferrite/ β-TCP composite ceramics exhibiting enhanced cell colonization. 生物可降解锌镍尖晶石铁氧体/ β-TCP复合陶瓷的制备与表征
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-026-07004-7
Piyapong Pankaew, Poomirat Nawarat, Jaroenporn Chokboribal

Via a solid-state reaction route, magnetic composites of chicken eggshell-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, referred to as TCP in the composite system) and zinc-nickel spinel ferrite (ZNF; ZnxNi1‒xFe2O4, x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8) were successfully fabricated. Discs were prepared by uniaxial pressing of milled ZNF/TCP powders and sintered at 1200 °C. Cytocompatibility of all composites was confirmed by SEM observations of human osteoblasts (h-OBs) and MTT assays. At 4-wt% ZNF addition, the composites containing Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 (Z8NF) exhibited the greatest extent of early cell spreading and were selected for further investigation. For Z8NF/TCP composites containing 4-12 wt% Z8NF, the 8-12 wt% samples demonstrated the highest levels of cell colonization, while MTT assays suggested non-cytotoxic behavior, with cell viabilities comparable to β-TCP. High-temperature sintering induced partial transformation of β-TCP to β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP), as evidenced by XRD and Rietveld refinement. Increasing Z8NF content promoted β-CPP formation and increased composite porosity, whereas densification and Vickers hardness decreased accordingly. Rietveld refinement further indicated that the detectable crystalline Z8NF phase persisted as a minor yet stable secondary phase ( < 2 wt%) and did not participate in Ca-P lattice substitution. For the 8-12 wt% composites, saturation magnetization decreased with increasing Z8NF because of higher porosity and dilution by the non-magnetic β-TCP/β-CPP matrix, while coercivity increased owing to enhanced effective magnetic anisotropy in the more porous microstructure. Overall, the Z8NF/TCP composites combined biodegradability, bioactivity, and tunable soft-magnetic properties, suggesting their potential for bone repair and bone tissue engineering applications.

通过固相反应途径,成功制备了由鸡蛋壳衍生的β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP,复合体系中简称TCP)与锌镍尖晶石铁素体(ZNF; ZnxNi1-xFe2O4, x = 0.2、0.4、0.6或0.8)组成的磁性复合材料。采用单轴挤压法制备ZNF/TCP粉,并在1200℃下烧结。所有复合材料的细胞相容性通过人成骨细胞扫描电镜观察(h-OBs)和MTT测定证实。当ZNF添加量为4 wt%时,Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 (Z8NF)的复合材料表现出最大程度的早期细胞扩散,并被选作进一步研究。对于含有4-12 wt% Z8NF的Z8NF/TCP复合材料,8-12 wt%的样品显示出最高水平的细胞定植,而MTT试验显示无细胞毒性行为,细胞存活率与β-TCP相当。高温烧结诱导β-TCP部分转变为β-焦磷酸钙(β-CPP), XRD和Rietveld细化证实了这一点。Z8NF含量的增加促进了β-CPP的形成,提高了复合材料孔隙率,致密化程度和维氏硬度相应降低。Rietveld细化进一步表明,可检测到的结晶Z8NF相作为次要但稳定的二次相存在(
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing bone repair ability of 3D-printed PLLA scaffolds via N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone etching. n -甲基-2-吡咯烷酮蚀刻增强3d打印PLLA支架骨修复能力。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-026-07005-6
Wang Yuanzheng, Jiang Qilin, Huang Xin, Wu Shaohong, Li Jinlong, Cao Jian, Liu Zhongxing

The development of bone repair scaffolds has long been a research hotspot in tissue engineering. Owing to its unique capability for personalized customization of scaffold geometry and microstructure, 3D printing technology has been extensively adopted for fabricating bone repair scaffolds. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), endowed with favorable biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, and reliable in vivo safety, is widely used as a matrix material for 3D printed bone repair scaffolds. PLLA is a bioinert polymer characterized by inferior cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation capabilities. To mitigate this bioinertness limitation, the present study employed N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) etching to modify the surface of 3D-printed PLLA bone repair scaffolds. Following NMP etching for 1-24 h, the originally smooth scaffold surface evolved into a hierarchical, petal-like gradient microstructure, accompanied by a marked increase in surface roughness. Correspondingly, the hydrophilicity of the treated scaffolds was also enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses further confirmed that the crystallinity of PLLA in the scaffolds was significantly enhanced. Concomitantly, the modified scaffolds exhibited a marked improvement in adsorption capacity for green fluorescent protein (GFP), while the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 on their surface were also significantly promoted. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that the NMP-etched scaffolds could accelerate the process of bone defect repair. Collectively, surface modification of 3D-printed PLLA bone scaffolds via NMP etching enables precise modulation of their physicochemical properties, thereby effectively mitigating the inherent bioinertness limitation of PLLA scaffolds.

骨修复支架的开发一直是组织工程领域的研究热点。3D打印技术由于其独特的对支架几何形状和微观结构进行个性化定制的能力,已被广泛应用于骨修复支架的制造。聚l -乳酸(PLLA)具有良好的生物可降解性、优异的生物相容性和可靠的体内安全性,被广泛用作3D打印骨修复支架的基质材料。聚乳酸是一种生物惰性聚合物,其特点是细胞粘附能力和成骨分化能力较差。为了减轻这种生物惰性的限制,本研究采用n -甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)蚀刻来修饰3d打印PLLA骨修复支架的表面。在NMP蚀刻1-24小时后,原本光滑的支架表面演变成层次化的花瓣状梯度微观结构,同时表面粗糙度显著增加。相应的,处理后的支架的亲水性也增强了。差示扫描量热法(DSC)和x射线衍射(XRD)分析进一步证实了支架中PLLA的结晶度明显增强。同时,修饰后的支架对绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的吸附能力显著提高,MC3T3-E1在其表面的粘附和增殖能力也显著增强。体内动物实验表明,nmp刻蚀支架可以加速骨缺损的修复过程。总之,通过NMP蚀刻对3d打印PLLA骨支架进行表面修饰,可以精确调节其物理化学性质,从而有效减轻PLLA支架固有的生物惰性限制。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to : Synthesis, and evaluation of photophysical properties of a potential DPP-derived photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with D-A-D architecture 修正:一种潜在的dpp衍生光敏剂的合成和光物理性质的评价,用于D-A-D结构的光动力治疗。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06873-8
Vanessa Escalona Hernández, Itzia Irene Padilla-Martínez, Rosa Angeles Vázquez García, María Aurora Veloz Rodríguez, Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
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引用次数: 0
The effect of nitrogen atmosphere during post-curing on cytotoxicity, polishability, flexural strength, and surface hardness of 3D-printed denture bases: an in vitro study 后固化过程中氮气气氛对3d打印义齿基托细胞毒性、可抛光性、抗弯强度和表面硬度的影响:一项体外研究
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-026-07006-5
Karoline Gladrow, Alexey Unkovskiy, Jamila Yassine, Nora Gaertner, Ievgeniia Topolniak, Nico Henning, Franziska Schmidt

3D printing is increasingly utilized in dentistry. Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, 3D printing provides advantages such as faster production times and the ability to create complex structures. Although biocompatible materials are available, many are only suitable for temporary applications. This study examines the impact of nitrogen-aided post-processing on the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of 3D-printed denture bases, with the hypothesis that this post-processing will enhance material properties and decrease cytotoxicity. Specimens were fabricated from V-print dentbase (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and post-processed either in nitrogen or air. The specimens were categorized into aged and non-aged groups. For comparison, specimens made from milled material were utilized. Vickers hardness, flexural strength, polishability, cytotoxicity, and degree of conversion were then assessed for all groups. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Post-curing with nitrogen improved the degree of conversion, surface hardness, and biocompatibility of 3D-printed dental materials, confirming reduced cytotoxicity without impairing mechanical properties. Nitrogen increased polymerization and decreased harmful monomers, making it ideal for clinical applications in contact with the oral mucosa. Optimizing post-processing steps, such as curing in nitrogen, enhances biocompatibility while maintaining strength and hardness, ensuring better patient care in dental applications.

3D打印越来越多地应用于牙科。与传统制造方法相比,3D打印具有更快的生产时间和创建复杂结构的能力等优势。虽然生物相容性材料是可用的,但许多只适合临时应用。本研究考察了氮辅助后处理对3d打印义齿基托机械性能和细胞毒性的影响,并假设这种后处理将提高材料性能并降低细胞毒性。样品由V-print牙基(Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany)制成,并在氮气或空气中进行后处理。标本分为老年组和非老年组。为了进行比较,使用了由铣削材料制成的标本。然后对所有组进行维氏硬度、抗弯强度、抛光性、细胞毒性和转化程度的评估。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和多重比较的Tukey HSD检验,显著性阈值为p
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引用次数: 0
Hydroxyapatite–cellulose composites: properties, fabrication methods, and applications 羟基磷灰石-纤维素复合材料:性能、制造方法和应用。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06993-1
Soumia Berrahou, Souhayla Latifi, Sarah Saoiabi, Noureddine Abidi, Sanaâ Saoiabi, Khalil Azzaoui, Ghadir Hanbali, Shehdeh Jodeh, Belkheir Hammouti, Rachid Sabbahi

Hydroxyapatite-cellulose (HAp-cellulose) composites blend the bioactivity of HAp with the flexibility and biodegradability of cellulose, offering promise in biomedical and industrial fields. In healthcare, they aid bone regeneration, drug delivery, and tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and porosity. Industrially, they excel in water purification and eco-friendly catalysis. With advancements in 3D printing and electrospinning, these composites enable custom implants and multifunctional scaffolds. Despite challenges in optimizing properties and scalability, future research targets hybrid materials, better fabrication, and regulatory compliance. Their role in smart therapies and environmental cleanup supports global sustainability and circular economy goals. This review summarizes key developments.

羟基磷灰石-纤维素(HAp-cellulose)复合材料将羟基磷灰石的生物活性与纤维素的柔韧性和生物降解性相结合,在生物医学和工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。在医疗保健中,由于它们的生物相容性和多孔性,它们有助于骨再生、药物输送和组织工程。工业上,它们在水净化和环保催化方面表现出色。随着3D打印和静电纺丝技术的进步,这些复合材料可以定制植入物和多功能支架。尽管在优化性能和可扩展性方面存在挑战,但未来的研究目标是混合材料、更好的制造和法规遵从性。它们在智能疗法和环境清理方面的作用支持了全球可持续性和循环经济目标。本综述总结了关键的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodal analysis of biomineralization within a collagen scaffolding in a rat calvarial defect model by using decalcified and undecalcified specimens 用脱钙和未钙化标本对大鼠颅骨缺损模型中胶原支架内生物矿化的多模态分析。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-026-07003-8
Nanako Shimada, Azumi Hirata, Shinichi Yamada, Taka-Aki Ishizuka, Kazuya Inoue, Nahoko Kato-Kogoe, Takaaki Ueno

This study histologically evaluated the biomineralization process during bone regeneration and the in vivo behavior of a collagen sheet used as scaffolding in a rat 5-mm calvarial defect model. Two experimental groups were established: a group using collagen sheet and bone substitute (BC group), and a group using bone substitute alone (BO group). Bone regeneration was assessed by computed tomography (CT) and both decalcified and undecalcified sections were analyzed using histological staining (hematoxylin and eosin, Villanueva-Goldner [VG], von Kossa, and Join of the Five dyes Revealing CoLlagenous tissue [JFRL]), immunohistochemistry, polarized light microscopy, and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). CT revealed time-dependent defect reductions, progressing significantly faster in the BC group. In undecalcified specimens, VG staining demonstrated a thick, red, osteoid layer, and serial sections stained with von Kossa showed granular blackish-brown deposits within this layer. LV-SEM/EDX confirmed localized Ca/P accumulation in these deposits, indicating initial biomineralization foci. In decalcified JFRL-stained sections, JFRL color profiles corresponded to gray-scale contrast in LV-SEM images, reflecting collagen fibril organization and the degree of biomineralization. Polarized observation of undecalcified, VG-stained, polished sections revealed the emergence and temporal expansion of orange birefringence within the transplanted collagen sheet and surrounding connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated BrdU-, Runx2-, and osterix-positive cells, and osteopontin localization within newly formed matrix in the defect, indicating active osteoblastogenesis. Collagen sheets appear to function not only as physical scaffolding, but also as a bioactive matrix promoting biomineralization by modulating cellular activity and matrix remodeling.

本研究从组织学上评估了骨再生过程中的生物矿化过程,以及在大鼠5毫米颅骨缺损模型中用作支架的胶原片的体内行为。实验分为胶原片加骨替代物组(BC组)和单纯骨替代物组(BO组)。通过计算机断层扫描(CT)评估骨再生,并使用组织学染色(苏木精和伊红、Villanueva-Goldner [VG]、von Kossa和五种显示胶原组织的染料的结合[JFRL])、免疫组织化学、偏光显微镜和低真空扫描电镜(LV-SEM)结合能量色散x射线光谱(EDX)分析脱钙和未钙化切片。CT显示时间依赖性缺损缩小,BC组进展明显更快。在未钙化的标本中,VG染色显示厚的红色骨样层,von Kossa染色的连续切片显示该层内有颗粒状的黑棕色沉积物。LV-SEM/EDX证实了这些矿床的局部Ca/P富集,表明了初始的生物矿化灶。在脱钙的JFRL染色切片中,JFRL的颜色分布与LV-SEM图像的灰度对比相对应,反映了胶原纤维的组织和生物矿化程度。未钙化、vg染色、抛光切片的极化观察显示,移植胶原片和周围结缔组织内出现橙色双折射并呈时间扩张。免疫组化显示BrdU-, Runx2-和osterix阳性细胞,骨桥蛋白定位于缺损中新形成的基质中,表明成骨细胞发生活跃。胶原蛋白片不仅可以作为物理支架,还可以作为生物活性基质,通过调节细胞活性和基质重塑来促进生物矿化。
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引用次数: 0
Calcium ionic replacement in sodium trimetaphosphate particles: a novel strategy for bone tissue engineering 钙离子置换在三偏磷酸钠颗粒:骨组织工程的新策略。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06924-0
Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Carla Ferreira-Baptista, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Catarina Santos, Maria Helena Fernandes

Sodium trimetaphosphate (NaTMP) has demonstrated potential in promoting biomineralization and bone tissue regeneration. However, little is known about the effects of substituting sodium ions with calcium, resulting in calcium trimetaphosphate (CaTMP), within bone engineering contexts. This study synthesized and characterized CaTMP, examining its osteogenic properties in comparison to NaTMP. Both compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC). Assays for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were conducted, along with inductively coupled plasma analysis, gene expression analysis of osteogenic markers, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for particles uptake. The results revealed that both NaTMP and CaTMP were biocompatible, supporting cell proliferation and maintaining normal cell morphology. However, CaTMP at a concentration of 50 µg/mL significantly enhanced ALP activity in both MG-63 and BM-MSC cultures, suggesting a stronger osteogenic potential. TEM analysis confirmed the uptake of CaTMP by BM-MSCs, with no evidence of cytotoxicity. In osteogenic medium, BM-MSCs treated with CaTMP showed elevated expression levels of key osteogenic markers—BMP-2, ALP, SP7, Col1a1, SPP1, IBSP, BGLAP, and SPARC—compared to those treated with NaTMP. These findings suggest that CaTMP enhances osteoblastic differentiation more effectively than NaTMP, likely due to calcium’s influence on bone formation pathways. The substitution of sodium with calcium in TMP presents a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Further research is needed to explore CaTMP’s therapeutic potential for bone repair, offering a novel approach to bone tissue engineering.

Graphical Abstract

三甲基磷酸钠(NaTMP)已被证明具有促进生物矿化和骨组织再生的潜力。然而,在骨工程背景下,对钙取代钠离子导致三甲基磷酸钙(CaTMP)的影响知之甚少。本研究合成并表征了CaTMP,比较了其与NaTMP的成骨特性。使用MG-63成骨细胞样细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSC)对这两种化合物的体外细胞相容性和成骨潜能进行了评估。进行了细胞增殖、代谢活性和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定,以及诱导耦合血浆分析、成骨标志物基因表达分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)颗粒摄取分析。结果表明,NaTMP和CaTMP均具有生物相容性,支持细胞增殖和维持正常细胞形态。然而,浓度为50µg/mL的CaTMP显著增强MG-63和BM-MSC培养的ALP活性,表明其具有更强的成骨潜力。透射电镜分析证实了BM-MSCs对CaTMP的摄取,没有细胞毒性的证据。在成骨培养基中,与NaTMP处理的BM-MSCs相比,CaTMP处理的BM-MSCs显示出关键成骨标志物bmp -2、ALP、SP7、Col1a1、SPP1、IBSP、BGLAP和sparc的表达水平升高。这些发现表明,CaTMP比NaTMP更有效地促进成骨细胞分化,可能是由于钙对骨形成途径的影响。在TMP中用钙代替钠是一种很有前途的骨再生策略。CaTMP在骨修复中的治疗潜力有待进一步的研究,为骨组织工程提供一种新的途径。
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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
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