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2015 IEEE 3rd Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA)最新文献

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Wide bandgap semiconductor power devices for energy efficient systems 用于节能系统的宽带隙半导体功率器件
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369328
T. Chow
We review the vertical and lateral SiC and GaN power transistor types and structures explored and commercialized for advanced energy efficient systems. We have quantitatively evaluated the on-state performance of these power devices in the voltage rating range from 30-10kV. Based on these performance projections and technology development trends, we feel that this emerging class of power devices will become an important and indispensable component technology.
我们回顾了用于先进节能系统的垂直和横向SiC和GaN功率晶体管类型和结构的探索和商业化。我们定量地评估了这些功率器件在30-10kV额定电压范围内的导通性能。基于这些性能预测和技术发展趋势,我们认为这类新兴的功率器件将成为重要而不可或缺的组件技术。
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引用次数: 69
Power switching transistors based on GaN and AlGaN channels 基于GaN和AlGaN通道的功率开关晶体管
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369292
S. Bajaj, Ting‐Hsiang Hung, F. Akyol, S. Krishnamoorthy, Sadia Khandaker, A. Armstrong, A. Allerman, S. Rajan
We investigate Al2O3/AlGaN interface in GaN MOSHEMTs to engineer channel mobility and threshold voltage suitable for power switching applications. Using oxygen-plasma and annealing treatments, we find the optimal window for high mobility and threshold voltage. Next, we discuss the power switching figure of merit of high composition AlGaN based HEMTs and their potential to achieve large threshold voltages. Finally, we characterize the electrical properties of the interface between Al2O3/high composition Al0.7Ga0.3N, and measure the conduction band offset of approximately 1 eV with a low positive interface fixed charge density of +2.5 × 1012 cm-2.
我们研究了GaN moshemt中Al2O3/AlGaN接口,以设计适合功率开关应用的通道迁移率和阈值电压。通过氧等离子体和退火处理,我们找到了高迁移率和阈值电压的最佳窗口。接下来,我们讨论了高组成AlGaN基hemt的功率开关性能及其实现大阈值电压的潜力。最后,我们表征了Al2O3/高成分Al0.7Ga0.3N界面的电学性能,并测量了在+2.5 × 1012 cm-2的低正极界面固定电荷密度下导带偏移约1 eV。
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引用次数: 1
Semiconductor-based galvanic isolation 半导体基电流隔离
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369290
Xuan Zhang, He Li, Chengcheng Yao, Jin Wang
This paper presents the study on the semiconductor-based galvanic isolation. This solution delivers the differential-mode (DM) power via semiconductor power switches during their on states, while sustaining the common-mode (CM) voltage and blocking the CM leakage current with those switches during their off states. While it is impractical to implement this solution with Si devices, the latest SiC devices and the coming vertical GaN devices, however, provide unprecedented properties and thus can potentially enable the practical implementation. An isolated dc/dc converter based on the switched-capacitor circuit is studied as an example. The CM leakage current caused by the line input and the resulted touch current (TC) are quantified and compared to the limits in the safety standard IEC60950. To reduce the TC, low switch output capacitance and low converter switching frequency are needed. Then, discussions are presented on the TC reduction approaches and the design considerations to achieve high power density and high efficiency. A 400-V, 400-W prototype based on 1.7-kV SiC MOSFETs is built to demo the DM power delivery performance and showcase the CM leakage current problem. Further study on the CM leakage current elimination is needed to validate this solution.
本文介绍了基于半导体的电流隔离的研究。该解决方案通过半导体电源开关在导通状态下提供差模(DM)功率,同时在关断状态下保持共模(CM)电压并阻断共模泄漏电流。虽然用硅器件实现这种解决方案是不切实际的,但最新的SiC器件和即将推出的垂直GaN器件提供了前所未有的性能,因此有可能实现实际实施。以一种基于开关电容电路的隔离型dc/dc变换器为例进行了研究。由线路输入引起的CM泄漏电流和由此产生的触摸电流(TC)被量化,并与安全标准IEC60950中的限值进行比较。为了降低TC,需要低开关输出电容和低变换器开关频率。然后,讨论了降低TC的方法和实现高功率密度和高效率的设计注意事项。构建了一个基于1.7 kv SiC mosfet的400-V, 400-W原型,以演示DM功率传输性能并展示CM泄漏电流问题。需要进一步研究CM漏电流消除,以验证该解决方案。
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引用次数: 9
Design of a silicon-WBG hybrid switch 硅- wbg混合开关的设计
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369319
A. Deshpande, F. Luo
In this paper, a hybrid switch consisting of a Silicon (Si) IGBT in parallel with a Wide Bandgap (WBG) device, either SiC MOSFET or GaN HEMT within a single package is proposed for hard-switching inverters. The hybrid switch enables heavy load conduction through IGBT; light load and transient conduction through the WBG device. This feature is realized through a well-thought control scheme. This work explores the various possibility of controlling this switch, and detailed guidelines for realizing the proposed control are presented. Results indicate elimination of the effects caused by the tail current during turn-off of IGBT; lower or no reverse recovery charge and fast switching capabilities of WBG (Wide Bandgap) device offer significant reduction in the switching energy loss leading to higher switching frequencies. The paper specifically investigates the gating sequence for the hybrid switch to achieve the optimal operation point between the high switching frequency and low losses.
本文提出了一种用于硬开关逆变器的混合开关,该开关由硅(Si) IGBT与宽带隙(WBG)器件(SiC MOSFET或GaN HEMT)并联组成。混合开关使通过IGBT的重负载传导;轻负载和瞬态导通通过WBG器件。这个特性是通过一个深思熟虑的控制方案来实现的。这项工作探讨了控制该开关的各种可能性,并提出了实现所提议的控制的详细指导方针。结果表明,消除了IGBT关断时尾电流的影响;WBG(宽带隙)器件的低或无反向恢复电荷和快速开关能力显著降低了开关能量损失,从而提高了开关频率。本文具体研究了混合开关在高开关频率和低损耗之间的最佳工作点的门控顺序。
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引用次数: 39
Design of a high-bandwidth Rogowski current sensor for gate-drive shortcircuit protection of 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET power modules 用于1.7 kV SiC MOSFET电源模块栅极驱动短路保护的高带宽Rogowski电流传感器设计
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369315
Jun Wang, Zhiyu Shen, R. Burgos, D. Boroyevich
This presents a PCB-based Rogowski current sensor design for the purpose of shortcircuit protection for 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET modules. Firstly, the paper shows that using the DeSat protection method for SiC MOSFET protection is not as effective as that in conventional IGBT applications. Therefore, a direct measurement of device switching current is proposed to achieve shortcircuit protection. The Rogowski-coil-based current sensor is selected among several high-bandwidth candidates for its better overall performance. Then the PCB-based Rogowski coil and its signal processing circuit design are shown in the paper. Finally, experimental results validate that the designed sensor has good performance in both accuracy and bandwidth when compared to a commercial Rogowki probe.
本文提出了一种基于pcb的Rogowski电流传感器设计,用于1.7 kV SiC MOSFET模块的短路保护。首先,本文表明,采用DeSat保护方法对SiC MOSFET进行保护不如在传统IGBT应用中有效。因此,提出了一种直接测量器件开关电流的方法来实现短路保护。基于rogowski线圈的电流传感器因其更好的整体性能而被选择在几个高带宽候选产品中。然后介绍了基于pcb的Rogowski线圈及其信号处理电路的设计。实验结果表明,与商用Rogowki探针相比,所设计的传感器在精度和带宽方面都具有良好的性能。
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引用次数: 66
Sizing SiC storage inverters for fast grid frequency support 尺寸SiC存储逆变器用于快速电网频率支持
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369262
A. Hoke, K. Bennion, V. Gevorgian, S. Chakraborty, E. Muljadi
As wind and solar displace synchronous generators whose inertia stabilizes the AC grid frequency on fast time scales, it has been proposed to use energy storage systems (ESSs) to mitigate frequency transient events. Such events require a rapid surge of power from the ESS, but they occur only rarely. The high temperature tolerance of SiC MOSFETs and diodes presents an opportunity for innovative ESS inverter designs. Herein we investigate a SiC ESS inverter design such that the SiC device ratings are obeyed during mild frequency events but are exceeded during rare, major events, for a potentially more economical inverter design. In support of this proposal we present: 1. An analysis of four years of grid frequency events in the U.S. Western Interconnection. 2. A switch-level ESS inverter simulation using SiC devices with detailed loss estimates. 3. Thermal analysis of the SiC power modules during a worst-case frequency event, showing that the modules can likely withstand the brief overcurrent. This analysis supports the conclusion that it may be advantageous for economical designs (acknowledging the increased risks) to undersize the SiC switches when designing inverters to perform active power control for grid frequency support. Such a strategy may result in SiC-based designs being more competitive with less costly silicon IGBT-based designs.
由于风能和太阳能取代了同步发电机,而同步发电机的惯性在短时间尺度上稳定了交流电网的频率,因此人们提出使用储能系统(ess)来缓解频率暂态事件。这样的事件需要从ESS快速涌电,但这种情况很少发生。SiC mosfet和二极管的高温耐受性为创新ESS逆变器设计提供了机会。在这里,我们研究了一种SiC ESS逆变器设计,使得SiC器件额定值在轻微的频率事件中被遵守,但在罕见的重大事件中被超过,以实现潜在的更经济的逆变器设计。为了支持这项建议,我们提出:美国西部电网四年电网频率事件分析。使用SiC器件的开关级ESS逆变器仿真,具有详细的损耗估计。3.在最坏频率事件中对SiC功率模块进行热分析,表明模块可能能够承受短暂的过电流。该分析支持这样的结论,即在设计逆变器以执行电网频率支持的有功功率控制时,缩小SiC开关的尺寸可能有利于经济设计(承认增加的风险)。这样的策略可能导致基于sic的设计与成本更低的基于硅igbt的设计更具竞争力。
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引用次数: 3
Turn-on capability of 22 kV SiC Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor 22kv碳化硅发射极关断(ETO)晶闸管的导通能力
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369275
Lin Liang, A. Huang, Woongje Sung, Meng-Chia Lee, Xiaoqing Song, Chang Peng, Lin Cheng, J. Palmour, C. Scozzie
The turn-on characteristics for the SiC p-ETO are researched in this paper. By establishing the two-dimensional numerical model of the SiC p-ETO, the influence of the device parameters and external circuit conditions on the turn-on speed is discussed. The experiments agree with the simulated results well. The npn turn-on mode of ETO is captured in a high di/dt experiment, which proves the existence of the FBSOA for this time hence the possibility of its application in converters without di/dt snubber. According to the intrinsic temperature limitation of the SiC material, the simulation shows that the peak power density of the SiC p-ETO during turn-on could reach several tens of MW/cm2.
本文研究了SiC p-ETO的导通特性。通过建立SiC p-ETO的二维数值模型,讨论了器件参数和外电路条件对导通速度的影响。实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。在高di/dt实验中捕获了ETO的npn导通模式,证明了FBSOA的存在,从而为其在无di/dt缓冲的变换器中应用提供了可能。根据SiC材料固有的温度限制,模拟结果表明,SiC p-ETO在导通过程中的峰值功率密度可达几十MW/cm2。
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引用次数: 2
Cross conduction analysis for enhancement-mode 650-V GaN HFETs in a phase-leg topology 增强模式650-V GaN hfet相腿拓扑的交叉导通分析
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369256
E. Jones, Fred Wang, D. Costinett, Zheyu Zhang, Ben Guo
Cross conduction is a well-known issue in buck converters and phase-leg topologies, in which fast switching transients cause spurious gate voltages in the synchronous device and a subsequent increase in switching loss. Cross conduction can typically be mitigated with a well-designed gate drive, but this is challenging with WBG devices. Phase legs using SiC and GaN devices can experience heavy cross conduction loss due to their exceptionally fast switching transients. Enhancement-mode GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) in the 600-V class are now commercially available, with switching transients as fast as 200 kV/μs. A double pulse test setup was used to measure the switching loss of one such GaN HFET, with several gate drive circuits and resistances. The results were analyzed and compared to characterize the effects of cross conduction in the active and synchronous devices of a phase-leg topology with enhancementmode GaN HFETs.
交叉传导是buck变换器和相腿拓扑结构中一个众所周知的问题,其中快速开关瞬态会导致同步器件中的伪门电压和随后的开关损耗增加。交叉传导通常可以通过设计良好的栅极驱动器来减轻,但这对于WBG器件来说是一个挑战。使用SiC和GaN器件的相腿由于其异常快速的开关瞬态,可能会经历严重的交叉传导损失。600 v级的增强型GaN异质结场效应晶体管(hfet)现已商业化,其开关瞬态速度可达200 kV/μs。采用双脉冲测试装置测量了具有多个栅极驱动电路和电阻的GaN HFET的开关损耗。通过对实验结果的分析和比较,表征了增强模式GaN hfet相腿拓扑有源器件和同步器件中交叉传导的影响。
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引用次数: 48
Performance evaluation and characterization of 6500V asymmetric SiC NPNP Thyristor based current switch 基于6500V非对称SiC NPNP晶闸管的电流开关性能评价与表征
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369324
A. De, S. Bhattacharya, R. Singh
The main motivation of this work is to evaluate performance and characteristics of a 6.5kV SiC Thyristor based current switch (series connected active switch and diode). A unique series resonant testing circuit has been proposed to characterize this switch. The device has been tested in several soft and hard turn on and off transitions. Conceptual simulation and hardware results have been presented. It has been shown that SiC Thyristor exhibit fast turn-on transitions (~200ns). This coupled with the fact that SiC-JBS Diode (connected in series) has fast reverse voltage commutation leads to an efficient and robust switch combination for a high voltage, high power and high frequency converter. The collected data has been used to estimate overall device losses of a high voltage and high power resonant soft-switched converter.
本工作的主要动机是评估基于6.5kV SiC晶闸管的电流开关(串联有源开关和二极管)的性能和特性。提出了一种独特的串联谐振测试电路来表征该开关。该设备已经在几个软、硬开关转换中进行了测试。给出了概念仿真和硬件结果。SiC晶闸管的导通跃迁速度快(~200ns)。这与SiC-JBS二极管(串联连接)具有快速反向电压换相的事实相结合,从而为高电压,高功率和高频转换器提供高效且稳健的开关组合。所收集的数据已用于估计高压大功率谐振软开关变换器的整体器件损耗。
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引用次数: 3
A novel charge based SPICE model for nonlinear device capacitances 基于电荷的非线性器件电容SPICE模型
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/WIPDA.2015.7369263
T. Heckel, L. Frey
Modeling of parasitic semiconductor device capacitances has always been a difficult task due to their nonlinearities. In this paper, we present a novel charge based model which provides simplification and ease of the modeling process. Further-more, convergence errors are reduced and the simulation speed is enhanced by up to a factor of two compared to state of the art models. This is especially important for novel SiC and GaN devices which allow for increased switching frequencies and thus a higher number of switching cycles per time period. Moreover, the presented modeling approach can easily be automated which is a significant advantage compared to state of the art models consisting of arbitrary mathematical equations.
由于寄生半导体器件电容的非线性特性,其建模一直是一项困难的任务。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的基于电荷的模型,简化了建模过程。此外,收敛误差减少,仿真速度提高了两倍,与目前的先进模型相比。这对于新型SiC和GaN器件尤其重要,因为它们允许增加开关频率,因此每个时间段的开关周期数更高。此外,与现有的由任意数学方程组成的模型相比,所提出的建模方法可以很容易地自动化,这是一个显著的优势。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2015 IEEE 3rd Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA)
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