Junpeng Wu, Xiaoyi Li, Na Xue, Jie Wang, Guoqiang Xu, Shougang Chen, Hongzhi Cui, Yunlong Zi, Zhong Lin Wang
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising green energy technology with enormous potential applications. However, compared to commercial power devices, TENGs face two major challenges in maintaining constant operation of electronic devices: low current outputs and intermittent outputs influenced by external mechanical triggers. In this study, according to the output charge accumulation of the switch strategy, we designed a custom power management circuit (MC) tailored to the low and intermittent output of the TENG, with the aim of achieving exceptionally high and stable output. In ultrahigh output mode, the TENG-MC system can generate a pulsed current of up to 9.8 A and a peak power of up to 325 kW (P = I2R), resulting in a peak pulsed power density of 31.0 MW m−2, by precisely adjusting the capacitance and breakdown potential. The system can achieve a maximum current of up to 81.2 A with a peak current density of 7.7 kA m−2, setting a remarkable record for TENGs. In the long-lasting mode, the TENG-MC system exhibits high stability, maintaining a constant voltage of 1.7 kV with a crest factor of up to 1.005. Remarkably, just 2.5 minutes of operation of the TENG-MC system can efficiently power 464 LEDs continuously for 13 minutes, maintaining constant illumination without flickering. Finally, to demonstrate the application potential of the TENG-MC system, we have designed two experiments: a self-powered cathodic protection system that shows remarkable stability (providing 8 hours of protection after only 2.5 minutes of energy harvesting) and pest prevention that achieves nearly 100% mortality. These advances significantly increase the commercial viability of TENG technology and address the issues of low/unstable power output, particularly when harvesting irregular and discontinuous mechanical energy over long periods of time.
{"title":"Managing the two mode outputs of triboelectric nanogenerators to reach a pulsed peak power density of 31 MW m−2","authors":"Junpeng Wu, Xiaoyi Li, Na Xue, Jie Wang, Guoqiang Xu, Shougang Chen, Hongzhi Cui, Yunlong Zi, Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05225k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05225k","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising green energy technology with enormous potential applications. However, compared to commercial power devices, TENGs face two major challenges in maintaining constant operation of electronic devices: low current outputs and intermittent outputs influenced by external mechanical triggers. In this study, according to the output charge accumulation of the switch strategy, we designed a custom power management circuit (MC) tailored to the low and intermittent output of the TENG, with the aim of achieving exceptionally high and stable output. In ultrahigh output mode, the TENG-MC system can generate a pulsed current of up to 9.8 A and a peak power of up to 325 kW (<em>P</em> = <em>I</em><small><sup>2</sup></small><em>R</em>), resulting in a peak pulsed power density of 31.0 MW m<small><sup>−2</sup></small>, by precisely adjusting the capacitance and breakdown potential. The system can achieve a maximum current of up to 81.2 A with a peak current density of 7.7 kA m<small><sup>−2</sup></small>, setting a remarkable record for TENGs. In the long-lasting mode, the TENG-MC system exhibits high stability, maintaining a constant voltage of 1.7 kV with a crest factor of up to 1.005. Remarkably, just 2.5 minutes of operation of the TENG-MC system can efficiently power 464 LEDs continuously for 13 minutes, maintaining constant illumination without flickering. Finally, to demonstrate the application potential of the TENG-MC system, we have designed two experiments: a self-powered cathodic protection system that shows remarkable stability (providing 8 hours of protection after only 2.5 minutes of energy harvesting) and pest prevention that achieves nearly 100% mortality. These advances significantly increase the commercial viability of TENG technology and address the issues of low/unstable power output, particularly when harvesting irregular and discontinuous mechanical energy over long periods of time.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxin Li, Chao Deng, Rong Chen, Xu Li, Furong Xie, Zinan Wu, Yu Xie, Song Wang, Guo-Ming Weng
Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a critical issue that requires sustainable, energy-efficient and scalable solutions. Electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release with redox active molecule has drawn an intense amount of interest, owing to its mild operation condition, low energy consumption and high flexibility compared with traditional CO2 capture technologies. Here, we demonstrate a series of thiolate/disulfide redox couples, with high practical solubility and weak protonation ability, which are able to reversibly capture and release CO2. The mechanism of CO2 capture and release using such redox couples is elucidated via combining density function theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements (FTIR). Further, we show the redox performance of such materials can be significantly improved by functional group tuning and electrolyte engineering. Among them, the 4-fluorophenyl thiolate/4-fluorophenyl disulfide redox couple shows an initial CO2 capacity utilization efficiency and average release/capture efficiency of ~100% and ~90%, respectively, under simulated flue gas (20% CO2) in a flow system. Besides, it exhibits a good cycling stability against moisture. This work opens new opportunity to future works in developing thiolate/disulfide redox couples for large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release applications.
{"title":"Exploiting thiolate/disulfide redox couples toward large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release","authors":"Xiaoxin Li, Chao Deng, Rong Chen, Xu Li, Furong Xie, Zinan Wu, Yu Xie, Song Wang, Guo-Ming Weng","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04739g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04739g","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a critical issue that requires sustainable, energy-efficient and scalable solutions. Electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release with redox active molecule has drawn an intense amount of interest, owing to its mild operation condition, low energy consumption and high flexibility compared with traditional CO2 capture technologies. Here, we demonstrate a series of thiolate/disulfide redox couples, with high practical solubility and weak protonation ability, which are able to reversibly capture and release CO2. The mechanism of CO2 capture and release using such redox couples is elucidated via combining density function theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements (FTIR). Further, we show the redox performance of such materials can be significantly improved by functional group tuning and electrolyte engineering. Among them, the 4-fluorophenyl thiolate/4-fluorophenyl disulfide redox couple shows an initial CO2 capacity utilization efficiency and average release/capture efficiency of ~100% and ~90%, respectively, under simulated flue gas (20% CO2) in a flow system. Besides, it exhibits a good cycling stability against moisture. This work opens new opportunity to future works in developing thiolate/disulfide redox couples for large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release applications.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byungwook Kang, Jonghun Park, Byunghoon Kim, Sung-O Park, Jaekyun Yoo, Seungju Yu, Hyuk-Joon Kim, Jun-Hyuk Song, Kisuk Kang
Disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional nickel/cobalt-based layered oxides owing to their higher specific capacities using earth-abundant elements. However, the poor rate capability of DRX is a critical bottleneck in practical battery operations, which is often attributed to sluggish lithium and/or electronic conduction. In this study, we elucidated the lithium diffusion mechanism in DRX, exploiting a ‘diffusion cluster’ model within a machine-learning scheme, thus effectively addressing the complexity of randomly distributed cations in the structure. Our findings revealed that DRXs intrinsically possess various diffusion paths with activation barriers that widely range from 200 meV to 1.3 eV owing to diverse lithium hopping environments created by disordered cations. Notably, we discovered that migration bottlenecks along lithium percolation paths are primarily caused by large energy differences between lithium sites (as high as ∼1 eV) rather than the transition state energy during lithium hopping, contrary to the conventional diffusion mechanism in ordered structures. The significantly broad distribution of lithium site energies is attributed to the distortion of the shape and size of lithium sites in oxides caused by disordered cations in DRX, e.g., Li1.2Mn0.4Ti0.4O2. Consequently, the large energy step from one site to the other acts as a de facto barrier for lithium hopping, impeding the overall lithium diffusion process. This new finding suggests that the key to improve the rate performance of DRX lies in flattening the landscape of lithium site energies, thus balancing the degree of cation disorder in DRX.
{"title":"Elucidating lithium-ion diffusion kinetics in cation-disordered rocksalt cathodes","authors":"Byungwook Kang, Jonghun Park, Byunghoon Kim, Sung-O Park, Jaekyun Yoo, Seungju Yu, Hyuk-Joon Kim, Jun-Hyuk Song, Kisuk Kang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04580g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04580g","url":null,"abstract":"Disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional nickel/cobalt-based layered oxides owing to their higher specific capacities using earth-abundant elements. However, the poor rate capability of DRX is a critical bottleneck in practical battery operations, which is often attributed to sluggish lithium and/or electronic conduction. In this study, we elucidated the lithium diffusion mechanism in DRX, exploiting a ‘diffusion cluster’ model within a machine-learning scheme, thus effectively addressing the complexity of randomly distributed cations in the structure. Our findings revealed that DRXs intrinsically possess various diffusion paths with activation barriers that widely range from 200 meV to 1.3 eV owing to diverse lithium hopping environments created by disordered cations. Notably, we discovered that migration bottlenecks along lithium percolation paths are primarily caused by large energy differences between lithium sites (as high as ∼1 eV) rather than the transition state energy during lithium hopping, contrary to the conventional diffusion mechanism in ordered structures. The significantly broad distribution of lithium site energies is attributed to the distortion of the shape and size of lithium sites in oxides caused by disordered cations in DRX, <em>e.g.</em>, Li<small><sub>1.2</sub></small>Mn<small><sub>0.4</sub></small>Ti<small><sub>0.4</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>. Consequently, the large energy step from one site to the other acts as a <em>de facto</em> barrier for lithium hopping, impeding the overall lithium diffusion process. This new finding suggests that the key to improve the rate performance of DRX lies in flattening the landscape of lithium site energies, thus balancing the degree of cation disorder in DRX.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing narrow-bandgap Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for all-perovskite tandem device has been the hotspot during the past few years. To maximumly absorb infrared light, sufficient thickness of Pb-Sn perovskite film is required, yet it introduces problems of unbalanced crystallization and poor buried interface. Therefore, effective strategies are desired to precisely control the vertical growth of Pb-Sn crystal and improve the buried interface for efficient charge transportation and extraction to construct efficient Pb-Sn PSCs. Herein, F-PEA2PbI3SCN 2D perovskite seeds layer was developed to guide the crystal growth and improve the buried interface of FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite film. 2D perovskite seeds was found to eliminate the formation of SnI2 phase and promote the energy level alignment that improve the buried interface, while the uniform distribution of 2D seeds could facilitate the crystallization and guide the vertical growth of Pb-Sn crystals to produce film with reduced defect density and released residual strain. Therefore, the optimized PSCs yielded champion PCE of 22.71% with a broadened antisolvent-processing window and robust stability. Notably, the four-terminal all-perovskite tandem device exhibited a PCE of 27.68% with stable power output of 27.2%. This work opens up new avenue for fabricating efficient Pb-Sn PSCs by rationally controlling their crystallization behavior.
{"title":"Guiding Vertical Growth and Improving Buried Interface of Pb-Sn Perovskite Film by 2D Perovskite Seeds for Efficient Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandems","authors":"Jianxiong Yang, Zelin Wang, Xiaojia Zhao, Weiyin Gao, Gang Xing, Xiaobo Wang, Liangxu Wang, Changbo Li, Yuyi Wang, Yumin Ren, Wenjun Liu, Fan Yang, Jiaxiang Sun, He Dong, Lingfeng Chao, Yipeng Zhou, Yonghua Chen, Zhongbin Wu, Chenxin Ran, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05948d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05948d","url":null,"abstract":"Developing narrow-bandgap Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for all-perovskite tandem device has been the hotspot during the past few years. To maximumly absorb infrared light, sufficient thickness of Pb-Sn perovskite film is required, yet it introduces problems of unbalanced crystallization and poor buried interface. Therefore, effective strategies are desired to precisely control the vertical growth of Pb-Sn crystal and improve the buried interface for efficient charge transportation and extraction to construct efficient Pb-Sn PSCs. Herein, F-PEA2PbI3SCN 2D perovskite seeds layer was developed to guide the crystal growth and improve the buried interface of FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite film. 2D perovskite seeds was found to eliminate the formation of SnI2 phase and promote the energy level alignment that improve the buried interface, while the uniform distribution of 2D seeds could facilitate the crystallization and guide the vertical growth of Pb-Sn crystals to produce film with reduced defect density and released residual strain. Therefore, the optimized PSCs yielded champion PCE of 22.71% with a broadened antisolvent-processing window and robust stability. Notably, the four-terminal all-perovskite tandem device exhibited a PCE of 27.68% with stable power output of 27.2%. This work opens up new avenue for fabricating efficient Pb-Sn PSCs by rationally controlling their crystallization behavior.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
yunling Jiang, linsen huang, chaojie chen, Yao Zheng, Shizhang Qiao
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) presents a viable strategy to transfer the dominant greenhouse gas, CO2, into high-value-added chemicals, supporting carbon neutrality. CO2RR in alkaline and neutral media have thrived in recent years due to their high CO2 solubility and favourable CO2 activation ability. However, critical challenges have emerged, such as carbonate formation and subsequent CO2 crossover to anodic sides, which undermine carbon efficiency and system stability. Acidic media provides an advantageous environment to prevent CO2 crossover into the anolyte but suffers from strong HER competition which is significantly more active in acidic conditions, largely reducing CO2 conversion efficiency. Research on acidic CO2RR began with some basic studies, including testing various catalysts and electrolytes and designing diverse substrate structures. With advancements in characterization technologies, it is found that acidic CO2RR is influenced not basically by composition variations in catalysts, substrates or electrolytes, but also by internal changes at the catalyst-electrolyte interface. Catalyst-electrolyte interface engineering involved electrolyte engineering, catalyst modification, and interface optimization provides many feasible solutions for acidic CO2RR to weaken HER competition. Importantly, it deepens the acidic CO2RR investigation to the exploration of catalyst electronic structures, interfacial adsorption of cations and anions, and the surface hydrophobicity in the presence electric fields. However, there are limited articles reviewing acidic CO2RR from this perspective, thus, this review aims to discussing the challenges, history, evaluation and breakthroughs of acidic CO2RR regarding catalyst-electrolyte interface engineering, providing insights for the future development of acidic CO2RR.
{"title":"Catalyst-Electrolyte Interface Engineering Propels Progress on Acidic CO2 Electroreduction","authors":"yunling Jiang, linsen huang, chaojie chen, Yao Zheng, Shizhang Qiao","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05715e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05715e","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) presents a viable strategy to transfer the dominant greenhouse gas, CO2, into high-value-added chemicals, supporting carbon neutrality. CO2RR in alkaline and neutral media have thrived in recent years due to their high CO2 solubility and favourable CO2 activation ability. However, critical challenges have emerged, such as carbonate formation and subsequent CO2 crossover to anodic sides, which undermine carbon efficiency and system stability. Acidic media provides an advantageous environment to prevent CO2 crossover into the anolyte but suffers from strong HER competition which is significantly more active in acidic conditions, largely reducing CO2 conversion efficiency. Research on acidic CO2RR began with some basic studies, including testing various catalysts and electrolytes and designing diverse substrate structures. With advancements in characterization technologies, it is found that acidic CO2RR is influenced not basically by composition variations in catalysts, substrates or electrolytes, but also by internal changes at the catalyst-electrolyte interface. Catalyst-electrolyte interface engineering involved electrolyte engineering, catalyst modification, and interface optimization provides many feasible solutions for acidic CO2RR to weaken HER competition. Importantly, it deepens the acidic CO2RR investigation to the exploration of catalyst electronic structures, interfacial adsorption of cations and anions, and the surface hydrophobicity in the presence electric fields. However, there are limited articles reviewing acidic CO2RR from this perspective, thus, this review aims to discussing the challenges, history, evaluation and breakthroughs of acidic CO2RR regarding catalyst-electrolyte interface engineering, providing insights for the future development of acidic CO2RR.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strain plays a pivotal role in determining the electronic properties and overall performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, we identify that the conventional crystallization process induces strain heterogeneity along the vertical direction within perovskite films due to the fast solvent evaporation at the gas-liquid interface, leading to a gradual crystallization from top to bottom. By combining experimental and modelling analyses, we find that this heterogeneity modulates the energy band landscape within the perovskite, consequently restricting charge transport within the film. We address this issue by incorporating a small amount of 2-([2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl) ethan-1-aminium iodide into perovskites, which selectively binds with the lead halide octahedra in the top surface region, regulating spatial strain distribution in a manner that promotes favourable charge transport. Applying this strategy in formamidinium-cesium-based inverted cells, we achieve an efficiency of 25.96% (certified 25.2%), with a high electrical performance of 1.014 V, surpassing 88% of the Shockley-Queisser limit. The regulated strain also demonstrates a positive impact on device stability. The best encapsulated cell, operated at the maximum power point, retains 88% of its initial efficiency after aging under one sun illumination at 55 ± 5 °C for 1500 hours in ambient air.
{"title":"Enhanced electrical performance of perovskite solar cells via strain engineering","authors":"Siyang Cheng, Yuanhang Yang, Xueliang Zhu, Yahui Li, Hao Li, Wenqi Xiong, Zhuo Zheng, Sheng Li, Yong Liu, Xiaoze Liu, Qianqian Lin, Shengjun Yuan, Enzheng Shi, Zhiping Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee03760j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03760j","url":null,"abstract":"Strain plays a pivotal role in determining the electronic properties and overall performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, we identify that the conventional crystallization process induces strain heterogeneity along the vertical direction within perovskite films due to the fast solvent evaporation at the gas-liquid interface, leading to a gradual crystallization from top to bottom. By combining experimental and modelling analyses, we find that this heterogeneity modulates the energy band landscape within the perovskite, consequently restricting charge transport within the film. We address this issue by incorporating a small amount of 2-([2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl) ethan-1-aminium iodide into perovskites, which selectively binds with the lead halide octahedra in the top surface region, regulating spatial strain distribution in a manner that promotes favourable charge transport. Applying this strategy in formamidinium-cesium-based inverted cells, we achieve an efficiency of 25.96% (certified 25.2%), with a high electrical performance of 1.014 V, surpassing 88% of the Shockley-Queisser limit. The regulated strain also demonstrates a positive impact on device stability. The best encapsulated cell, operated at the maximum power point, retains 88% of its initial efficiency after aging under one sun illumination at 55 ± 5 °C for 1500 hours in ambient air.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaihu Xian, Kai Zhang, Tao Zhang, Kangkang Zhou, Zhi-Guo Zhang, Jianhui Hou, Hao-Li Zhang, Yanhou Geng, Long Ye
A key advantage of intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (IS-OPVs) is that the output power can increase with the enlargement of the photoactive area during stretching. Designing wearable IS-OPV devices that simultaneously possess desirable photovoltaic performance and operational stability under thermal and mechanical stress remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to simultaneously enhance efficiency, stability and intrinsic stretchability of high-efficiency polymer:nonfullerene systems by introducing tethered molecules (such as TDY-α). The introduction of tethered molecule optimizes molecular stacking and phase separation in PM6:eC9, thereby improving charge transport, suppresses recombination, and stabilized the film morphology. Strikingly, the nonhalogenated solvent o-xylene processed optimal ternary blends achieved a champion photovoltaic efficiency of 19.1% for rigid devices and a top efficiency of 15.1% for intrinsically stretchable devices via benign solvents . Furthermore, we unraveled the thickness dependence of mechanical properties in ternary blend films for the first time. Using thick-film toughened blends, we realized intrinsically stretchable OPVs with significantly enhanced flexibility, stretchability and mechanical stability compared to their thin-film counterparts. Thick-film devices (≥300 nm) retained over 92% of their initial performance after 1000 bending times and over 80% after 1000 stretching cycles. This work provides new insights for the construction of high-efficiency and stretchable devices and helps promote wearable photovoltaics.
{"title":"Simultaneously Improving Efficiency, Stability and Intrinsic Stretchability of Organic Photovoltaic Films via Molecular Toughening","authors":"Kaihu Xian, Kai Zhang, Tao Zhang, Kangkang Zhou, Zhi-Guo Zhang, Jianhui Hou, Hao-Li Zhang, Yanhou Geng, Long Ye","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05893c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05893c","url":null,"abstract":"A key advantage of intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (IS-OPVs) is that the output power can increase with the enlargement of the photoactive area during stretching. Designing wearable IS-OPV devices that simultaneously possess desirable photovoltaic performance and operational stability under thermal and mechanical stress remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to simultaneously enhance efficiency, stability and intrinsic stretchability of high-efficiency polymer:nonfullerene systems by introducing tethered molecules (such as TDY-α). The introduction of tethered molecule optimizes molecular stacking and phase separation in PM6:eC9, thereby improving charge transport, suppresses recombination, and stabilized the film morphology. Strikingly, the nonhalogenated solvent o-xylene processed optimal ternary blends achieved a champion photovoltaic efficiency of 19.1% for rigid devices and a top efficiency of 15.1% for intrinsically stretchable devices via benign solvents . Furthermore, we unraveled the thickness dependence of mechanical properties in ternary blend films for the first time. Using thick-film toughened blends, we realized intrinsically stretchable OPVs with significantly enhanced flexibility, stretchability and mechanical stability compared to their thin-film counterparts. Thick-film devices (≥300 nm) retained over 92% of their initial performance after 1000 bending times and over 80% after 1000 stretching cycles. This work provides new insights for the construction of high-efficiency and stretchable devices and helps promote wearable photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the determining factors for lithium anode is an ideal protective layer which has two basic requirements: one is its own strength, the other is a strong bond with the substrate. There are many studies on the former, but very few reports on the latter. Here, a design idea to pre-construct a based-layer where the mortice-tenon joint that will connect the subsequent electrochemically SEI have been set on Li anode surface was proposed. First, a tightly bonded base-layer was chemically formed via reaction between 2-(fluorosulfonyl)difluoroacetate (DFSA) and lithium metal. Then the trimethylsilyl 2-(fluorosulphonyl)difluoroacetate (TSFSA), which has the similar molecular structure and the same functional group with DFSA, was introduced to be acted as an SEI enhancer that can preferentially decompose over carbonate solvents under electrochemical conditions with the same components of the based-layer, which was thus strengthened to form an enhanced SEI (ESEI). The Li anode with ESEI achieved long-cycling stability (≥ 2100 h) and high average CE (99.2%) in carbonate electrolytes. Full cells with high cathode loading (20.5 mg cm-2) also achieved high cycling stability at low N/P ratios, demonstrating its great prospects for practical applications in high energy density Li-metal batteries.
{"title":"Pre-constructing a mortice-tenon joint based-layer to achieve an enhanced SEI on Li metal anode","authors":"Kun Wang, Chutao Wang, Sheng Liu, Congcong Du, Qingyi Zheng, Jiaqing Cui, Xinxin Yang, Yuxin Tang, Ruming Yuan, Ming-sen Zheng, Jingmin Fan, Quan-Feng Dong","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04617j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04617j","url":null,"abstract":"One of the determining factors for lithium anode is an ideal protective layer which has two basic requirements: one is its own strength, the other is a strong bond with the substrate. There are many studies on the former, but very few reports on the latter. Here, a design idea to pre-construct a based-layer where the mortice-tenon joint that will connect the subsequent electrochemically SEI have been set on Li anode surface was proposed. First, a tightly bonded base-layer was chemically formed via reaction between 2-(fluorosulfonyl)difluoroacetate (DFSA) and lithium metal. Then the trimethylsilyl 2-(fluorosulphonyl)difluoroacetate (TSFSA), which has the similar molecular structure and the same functional group with DFSA, was introduced to be acted as an SEI enhancer that can preferentially decompose over carbonate solvents under electrochemical conditions with the same components of the based-layer, which was thus strengthened to form an enhanced SEI (ESEI). The Li anode with ESEI achieved long-cycling stability (≥ 2100 h) and high average CE (99.2%) in carbonate electrolytes. Full cells with high cathode loading (20.5 mg cm-2) also achieved high cycling stability at low N/P ratios, demonstrating its great prospects for practical applications in high energy density Li-metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxue Kou, Jiatong Jiang, Baoshan Xie, He Shan, Primož Poredoš, Ruzhu Wang
The change of seasons necessitates alternate heating and cooling systems, which are indispensable for nearly a third of the global population. Integrating latent thermal energy storage (LTES) and heat pumps (HPs) is gaining attraction within the context of renewable energy strategies. However, fulfilling both heating and cooling requirements often requires the combined utilization of several tailored storage units, potentially escalating financial burdens and materials customization challenges related to scalability. Here, an intermediate latent thermal storage solution for dual-season usage is proposed. Combined with a double-effect quasi-two-stage heat pump, wide-temperature-range phase change materials serve as both heat and cold storage. Targeting global areas with seasonal heating and cooling demands, preferred materials are selected from 90 PCMs for 51 countries/regions and 95 subnational areas. Through high-throughput screening, materials exhibiting phase change temperatures between 10.5-22℃ are pinpointed. In Arkansas, Beijing, Minnesota, and Shanghai, significant enhancement in demand-oriented energy supply strategies is noted through deploying this system. The annual coefficient of performance enhancement yields an increment of 11.73% to 21.99%, compared to non-integrated heat pumps, and up to 51.31% versus separate heat and cold storage systems. Significantly, this integrated system overcomes cost barriers while minimizing land occupation, and exhibits great resilience amidst global climate change. These findings exemplify its scalable adaptability and potential in global areas, unveiling a global seasonal heating and cooling strategy for the first time and offering insights into alleviating global heating and cooling poverty.
{"title":"Fewer temperature ties: scalable integration and broad selection of phase change materials for both heating and cooling","authors":"Xiaoxue Kou, Jiatong Jiang, Baoshan Xie, He Shan, Primož Poredoš, Ruzhu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04223a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04223a","url":null,"abstract":"The change of seasons necessitates alternate heating and cooling systems, which are indispensable for nearly a third of the global population. Integrating latent thermal energy storage (LTES) and heat pumps (HPs) is gaining attraction within the context of renewable energy strategies. However, fulfilling both heating and cooling requirements often requires the combined utilization of several tailored storage units, potentially escalating financial burdens and materials customization challenges related to scalability. Here, an intermediate latent thermal storage solution for dual-season usage is proposed. Combined with a double-effect quasi-two-stage heat pump, wide-temperature-range phase change materials serve as both heat and cold storage. Targeting global areas with seasonal heating and cooling demands, preferred materials are selected from 90 PCMs for 51 countries/regions and 95 subnational areas. Through high-throughput screening, materials exhibiting phase change temperatures between 10.5-22℃ are pinpointed. In Arkansas, Beijing, Minnesota, and Shanghai, significant enhancement in demand-oriented energy supply strategies is noted through deploying this system. The annual coefficient of performance enhancement yields an increment of 11.73% to 21.99%, compared to non-integrated heat pumps, and up to 51.31% versus separate heat and cold storage systems. Significantly, this integrated system overcomes cost barriers while minimizing land occupation, and exhibits great resilience amidst global climate change. These findings exemplify its scalable adaptability and potential in global areas, unveiling a global seasonal heating and cooling strategy for the first time and offering insights into alleviating global heating and cooling poverty.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaokang Sun, Fei Wang, Guo Yang, Xiaoman Ding, Jie Lv, Yonggui Sun, Taomiao Wang, Chuanlin Gao, Guangye Zhang, Wenzhu Liu, Xiang Xu, Soumitra Satapathi, Xiaoping Ouyang, Annie Ng, Long Ye, Mingjian Yuan, Hongyu Zhang, Hanlin Hu
Achieving high efficiency in both single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) and tandem solar cells (TSCs) significantly relies on hole transport layers constructed from self-assembled molecules (SAM) with a well-ordered, face-on alignment. In this study, we enhanced the ordered stacking of SAM layer by leveraging the interaction between the π-conjugated backbone of SAM and volatile solid additives with opposing electrostatic potentials. This approach induced a highly ordered stacking of SAM layer, as confirmed by the presence of multiple X-ray scattering peaks and an increased Herman orientation factor from 0.402 to 0.726 after the evaporation of solid additives. This optimization not only strengthened hole transport properties but also positively influenced the film formation kinetics of the upper active layer, improving morphology and vertical phase separation. As a result, we achieved a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.06% (certified 19.24%) in PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs, with a further breakthrough PCE of 26.09% in perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (TSCs).
{"title":"From 20% Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic to 26% Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Self-Assembled Hole Transport Molecules Matters","authors":"Xiaokang Sun, Fei Wang, Guo Yang, Xiaoman Ding, Jie Lv, Yonggui Sun, Taomiao Wang, Chuanlin Gao, Guangye Zhang, Wenzhu Liu, Xiang Xu, Soumitra Satapathi, Xiaoping Ouyang, Annie Ng, Long Ye, Mingjian Yuan, Hongyu Zhang, Hanlin Hu","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05533k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05533k","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving high efficiency in both single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) and tandem solar cells (TSCs) significantly relies on hole transport layers constructed from self-assembled molecules (SAM) with a well-ordered, face-on alignment. In this study, we enhanced the ordered stacking of SAM layer by leveraging the interaction between the π-conjugated backbone of SAM and volatile solid additives with opposing electrostatic potentials. This approach induced a highly ordered stacking of SAM layer, as confirmed by the presence of multiple X-ray scattering peaks and an increased Herman orientation factor from 0.402 to 0.726 after the evaporation of solid additives. This optimization not only strengthened hole transport properties but also positively influenced the film formation kinetics of the upper active layer, improving morphology and vertical phase separation. As a result, we achieved a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.06% (certified 19.24%) in PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs, with a further breakthrough PCE of 26.09% in perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (TSCs).","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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