Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献_第9页

Effect of digestion method on elemental concentrations and Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb isotopic signatures of e‑waste dust from different processing units 消解方法对不同处理单元电子垃圾粉尘元素浓度及Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb同位素特征的影响

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101035

Eva Martinková, Ondřej Šebek, Alexandre V. Andronikov, Markéta Štěpánová, Jan Čuřík, František Veselovský, Zuzana Čvančarová, Anna Vynnychuk, Tamara Sidorinová

This study evaluates the influence of digestion methods on metal concentrations and results of isotopic analysis of dusts generated during electronic waste processing. E-waste dusts were collected from processing units such as photovoltaic panels, LCD and CRT monitors, and mixed e-waste. Following methods were used for digestion: i) aqua regia with a temperature pretreatment at 110°C, ii) concentrated acids (HClO₄, HF, HNO₃) with a temperature pretreatment at 550°C. Results showed that concentrated acids with 550°C pretreatment generally yielded significantly higher recoveries for most elements (e.g., Ag, Al, Ba, K, Na, Pb). Conversely, aqua regia was more efficient for Sn recovery, as the higher temperature used with concentrated acids led to the formation of volatile SnCl₄ and subsequent Sn loss. A significant Pb isotopic shift was observed between the two methods in glass-rich samples, indicating that aqua regia leached readily available Pb, while concentrated acids (mostly HF) released Pb (of different origin) incorporated within the glass. The isotopic analyses revealed consistent δ^66/64Zn (-0.078 to 0.052) and δ^65/63Cu values (0.170 to 0.313) across both methods. Slight changes in δ^66/64Zn and δ^114/110Cd values were attributed to sample heterogeneity, origin or phase changes after higher temperature treatment at 550°C. A distinct Cu isotopic signature (δ^65/63Cu 0.067 and 0.078) in CRT dust suggests a different historical origin of Cu in older devices. These findings highlight the crucial role of selecting a digestion method that is appropriate for the specific e-waste dust, to ensure accurate elemental and isotopic analysis.

本研究评估了消解方法对电子废物处理过程中产生的粉尘金属浓度和同位素分析结果的影响。从光电板、LCD和CRT显示器等处理装置以及混合电子废物中收集电子废物粉尘。消解方法：王水110℃前处理，浓酸（HClO4， HF, HNO3） 550℃前处理。结果表明，550℃前处理的浓缩酸通常对大多数元素（如Ag， Al, Ba， K, Na, Pb）的回收率显著提高。相反，王水对Sn的回收效率更高，因为浓酸使用的较高温度导致挥发性SnCl₄的形成和随后的Sn损失。在富含玻璃的样品中，两种方法之间观察到明显的铅同位素变化，表明王水浸出了现成的铅，而浓酸（主要是HF）释放了玻璃内的铅（不同来源）。两种方法的δ66/64Zn值（-0.078 ~ 0.052）和δ65/63Cu值（0.170 ~ 0.313）一致。550℃高温处理后，δ66/64Zn和δ114/110Cd值的微小变化可归因于样品的非均质性、来源或相变化。CRT粉尘中Cu同位素特征明显（δ65/63Cu 0.067和0.078），说明旧设备中Cu的历史来源不同。这些发现强调了选择一种适合特定电子垃圾粉尘的消化方法的关键作用，以确保准确的元素和同位素分析。

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引用次数: 0

A design of experiments approach to arsenic retention: Interactions between sediment properties and water chemistry 砷保留的实验方法设计：沉积物性质与水化学之间的相互作用

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100977

S. Trotta , G. Binda , M.F. Ferrario , A. Pozzi , A.M. Michetti

The mobility of arsenic (As) in groundwater is governed by dynamic interactions at the sediment-water interface, where both mineral reactivity and aqueous chemistry play key roles. In the Como aquifer (Northern Italy), As distribution is vertically heterogeneous: shallow horizons remain below the WHO limit of 10 µg/L, whereas deeper zones reach concentrations up to 250 µg/L. Although this variability is well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood. To address this gap, we performed batch experiments on shallow and deep aquifer sediments with contrasting composition, systematically varying pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon in a full-factorial design of experiment. Results revealed nonlinear adsorption responses and sediment-specific behaviours. Shallow sediments exhibited stronger and more stable As retention, associated with higher contents of Fe-, Al-, and Mn-(hydr)oxides and greater cation exchange capacity. In contrast, deep-aquifer sediments showed weaker and more variable adsorption, especially under acidic, DOC-enriched, and high-conductivity conditions. Response surface models confirmed that sediment composition governs As retention capacity, while water chemistry modulates its efficiency. This integrative approach links laboratory adsorption patterns with field-scale As distribution, providing a mechanistic explanation for the observed vertical heterogeneity in the Como aquifer and supporting predictive assessment of groundwater vulnerability.

地下水中砷（As）的迁移受沉积物-水界面的动态相互作用控制，其中矿物反应性和水化学起关键作用。在Como含水层（意大利北部），As的垂直分布不均匀：浅层仍低于世卫组织10微克/升的限值，而较深区域的浓度高达250微克/升。尽管这种可变性有很好的文献记载，但潜在的机制仍然只是部分地被理解。为了解决这一空白，我们在全因子实验设计中对浅层和深层含水层沉积物进行了批量实验，对比了它们的组成，系统地改变了pH值，电导率和溶解有机碳。结果显示了非线性吸附响应和沉积物特异性行为。浅层沉积物表现出更强、更稳定的As滞留，具有较高的Fe-、Al-和Mn-（氢）氧化物含量和更大的阳离子交换能力。而深层沉积物在酸性、doc富集和高导电性条件下的吸附能力较弱且变化较大。响应面模型证实，沉积物组成决定了砷截留能力，而水化学调节其效率。这种综合方法将实验室吸附模式与现场尺度的砷分布联系起来，为科莫含水层观测到的垂直非均质性提供了机制解释，并支持地下水脆弱性的预测评估。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling water quality patterns in the non-industrial mountainous region of northern Pakistan: A hydrological perspective 揭示巴基斯坦北部非工业山区的水质模式：水文视角

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100987

Eena Sadaf , Rashid Khan , Amina Azhar , Muhammad Faraz Bhatti , Saadia Andleeb , Sughra Sarwar , Muhammad Kamran Khan

Springs are a major supply of drinking water for many rural communities, but both geogenic and human activities are posing an increasing threat to their quality. Despite their significance, spring systems in study area are not well researched and no prior study has provided a thorough examination combining physicochemical profiling, heavy metal estimation and microbiological examination. In this study, thirty-six spring water samples from various regions across Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) were examined to determine their potability and chemical composition. Physicochemical analysis, heavy metal quantification, and microbiological evaluation followed by Statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation, were performed to recognize key patterns and source contamination. Over 80% of the samples were classified as "unsuitable for drinking," based on WHO standards, according to the Water Quality Index values ranging from 397.6 to 2008.2. In most of the samples elevated toxic heavy metal levels, including nickel (0.09-0.25 mg/L), lead (0.49-2.21 mg/L), and cadmium (0.03-0.06 mg/L), were observed. Microbiological contamination was also common; in most springs, levels of E. coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms were found to be within dangerous ranges. With considerable loadings from bacteria, chemical oxygen demand, and nutritional factors, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two main components that account for more than 60% of the variance. The hydro chemical facies obtained from the Piper diagram showed that Ca–Mg–SO₄ type water predominated. This study provides first-region specific baseline data set employing an integrated analytical approach, offering new insights into the spring profile of the area. Results obtained highlight urgent need to conduct routine monitoring, raise community awareness, and implement legislative changes to protect spring water sources. The findings of the study offer vital comprehension for water resource planners, environmental managers, and local health authorities looking to enhance water quality and protect public health in the area.

泉水是许多农村社区饮用水的主要来源，但地质活动和人类活动正在对其质量造成越来越大的威胁。尽管具有重要的意义，但研究地区的春季系统研究并不充分，目前还没有研究对其进行物化分析、重金属估计和微生物检测相结合的全面研究。在这项研究中，对来自阿扎德查谟和克什米尔（AJK）不同地区的36个泉水样本进行了检查，以确定其可饮用性和化学成分。通过理化分析、重金属定量和微生物学评价，以及主成分分析（PCA）和Pearson相关性等统计分析来识别关键模式和污染源。根据世界卫生组织的标准，超过80%的样本被归类为“不适合饮用”，水质指数从397.6到2008.2不等。在大多数样品中，观察到有毒重金属含量升高，包括镍（0.09-0.25毫克/升）、铅（0.49-2.21毫克/升）和镉（0.03-0.06毫克/升）。微生物污染也很常见；在大多数春季，大肠杆菌、粪便大肠菌群和总大肠菌群的水平都在危险范围内。由于细菌、化学需氧量和营养因素的负荷相当大，主成分分析（PCA）揭示了两个主要成分占方差的60%以上。由Piper图得到的水化学相显示为Ca-Mg-SO4型水为主。该研究提供了采用综合分析方法的第一个区域特定基线数据集，为该地区的春季剖面提供了新的见解。获得的结果突出了开展常规监测、提高社区意识和实施立法改革以保护泉水水源的迫切需要。这项研究的结果为水资源规划者、环境管理者和地方卫生当局提供了重要的理解，他们希望提高该地区的水质，保护公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

Priority list of emerging contaminants in domestic wastewater treatment plants and their removal by different secondary treatment methods 生活污水处理厂新出现污染物的优先清单及其不同二级处理方法的去除

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100969

Aishwarya Pandey , Ikuro Kasuga , Hiroaki Furumai , Futoshi Kurisu

In this study, the contributions of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to emerging contaminants in the environment were monitored. Samples were collected at nine WWTPs with sampling on three separate days at each WWTP. The WWTPs used the different secondary treatment methods as follows: conventional activated sludge (WWTPs 1, 2, and 9), aerobic contact oxidation (WWTPs 5 and 6), and oxidation ditch (WWTPs 3, 4, 7 and 8). A significant matrix effect was observed in primary effluent samples but not in secondary and final effluent samples. The matrix effect was more pronounced during sample preparation using solid-phase extraction. Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and glycidyl methacrylate had high removal rates (> 50 %) with all three treatment methods. By contrast, tebuconazole and bromobutide had low removal rates or were not removed by any of the treatment methods. Thirteen compounds in various chemical classes were prioritized on the basis of their concentrations in the final effluent relative to their predicted no-effect concentrations. These compounds were surfactants (diethanolamine and N-methyldidecylamine), an industrial solvent (dicyclohexylamine), herbicides (2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid, bromobutide, and butachlor/pretilachlor), an antiseptic (triclosan [and its chlorinated adducts]), industrial chemicals (hexamethylene diacrylate, pyridine, and decanoic acid), plasticizers (tributyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate), and a corrosion inhibitor (N,N-dimethyldodecylamine). Our results imply that WWTPs are sources of these compounds in the environment. These compounds could threaten ecosystems in receiving waterbodies and future studies should monitor release of these emerging contaminants from WWTPs.

在本研究中，监测了污水处理厂（WWTPs）对环境中新出现污染物的贡献。在9个污水处理厂收集样本，每个污水处理厂分别在3天采样。污水处理厂采用了不同的二级处理方法：常规活性污泥（WWTPs 1、2和9）、好氧接触氧化（WWTPs 5和6）和氧化沟（WWTPs 3、4、7和8）。在一次流出样品中观察到显著的基质效应，但在二次和最终流出样品中没有观察到基质效应。在固相萃取制备样品时，基质效应更为明显。三种处理方法对三乙二醇二甲醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的去除率均较高（50%）。相比之下，戊康唑和溴丁肽的去除率较低，或者任何一种处理方法都不能去除。不同化学类别的13种化合物根据其在最终流出物中的浓度相对于其预测的无影响浓度进行了优先处理。这些化合物是表面活性剂（二乙醇胺和N-甲基二癸胺）、工业溶剂（二环己胺）、除草剂（2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、溴丁酸和丁草胺/甲草胺）、防腐剂（三氯生[及其氯化加合物]）、工业化学品（六亚乙烯二丙烯酸酯、吡啶和癸酸）、增塑剂（磷酸三丁酯和磷酸三甲酯）和缓蚀剂（N，N-二甲基十二癸胺）。我们的研究结果表明，污水处理厂是环境中这些化合物的来源。这些化合物可能威胁接收水体的生态系统，未来的研究应监测这些新出现的污染物从污水处理厂释放的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical demilitarization of solid composition B (HMX/RDX/TNT) and nitrocellulose 固体组合物B （HMX/RDX/TNT）和硝化纤维的电化学非军事化

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100967

Mark E. Fuller , Paul C. Hedman , Nikita Thakur , Danielle N. Tran , Charles E. Schaefer

Stockpiles of aging, off-spec, or other military munitions containing energetic formulations pose a health and safety risk to humans and the environment. This research is the first report demonstrating electrochemical demilitarization of solid Composition B (CompB; HMX/RDX/TNT) and nitrocellulose (NC) fines. The process combined alkaline hydrolysis with cathode surface reactions in a divided electrochemical cell configuration. The constituents of CompB were degraded (>95 %) to simple end products consisting primarily of NO₂⁻, formaldehyde, and residual color. The latter two compounds were shown to be readily amenable to an UV/H₂O₂ treatment as a potential polishing step. NC fines were hydrolyzed to NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and unspecified total organic carbon (TOC) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), with minimal accumulation of free cyanide. For both energetics, the degradation kinetics were improved by heating the system to 50 °C. The estimated cost of treatment at the elevated temperature, including chemicals and energy, was <$0.05 per g for CompB and between $0.18 and $0.29 per g for NC, depending on the size cutoff for residuals (>5 and >1.5 µm, respectively). These results provide proof-of-concept that electrochemical processes for treating solid energetic materials may be an effective approach for safe and efficient demilitarization treatment trains for military munitions.

储存的老化、不合规格或含有高能配方的其他军用弹药对人类和环境构成健康和安全风险。该研究首次证实了固体成分B （CompB; HMX/RDX/TNT）和硝化纤维素（NC）颗粒的电化学非军事化。该工艺将碱性水解与阴极表面反应结合在一个分裂的电化学电池结构中。CompB的成分被降解（> 95%）为简单的最终产物，主要由NO2−、甲醛和残余颜色组成。后两种化合物被证明很容易接受UV/H2O2处理，作为潜在的抛光步骤。NC粉被水解为NO2−、NO3−、NH4+和未指定的总有机碳（TOC）和总凯氏定氮（TKN），游离氰化物的积累最少。对于这两种能量学，通过将系统加热到50℃，降解动力学都得到了改善。在高温下处理的估计成本，包括化学品和能源，CompB为每克0.05美元，NC为每克0.18美元至0.29美元，具体取决于残留物的大小（分别为5和1.5µm）。这些结果提供了概念证明，电化学处理固体含能材料可能是一种安全高效的军事弹药非军事化处理列车的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Transplacental and lactational transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics leads to long-term ovarian impairment in rat offspring 经胎盘和哺乳期聚苯乙烯纳米塑料的转移导致大鼠后代长期卵巢损伤

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101007

Mohammad Bostanifard , Hamid Reza Moradi , Zabihollah Khaksar , Sajjad Abbasi , Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand , Milad Faraji

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are emerging environmental contaminants that can cross biological barriers and accumulate in the reproductive organs. This study evaluated developmental ovarian toxicity after maternal and lactational PS-NP exposure in rats on gestational day 20 (GD20) and postnatal days 30 and 60 (PD30, PD60). Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were administered PS-NPs at doses of 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day during gestation and lactation. At GD20, fetal ovaries from exposed dams showed a significant reduction in primordial follicle number and diameter, early granulosa cell disorganization, and a lower parenchyma-to-stroma ratio, indicating impaired folliculogenesis. By PD30 and PD60, ovarian alterations intensified in a dose-dependent manner, including granulosa layer thinning, follicular degeneration, and cortical disarray, which were most pronounced in the high-dose group. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the transplacental and lactational transfer of rhodamine-labeled PS-NPs, with persistent and dose-dependent accumulation in the follicles and stroma. Biochemically, PS-NP exposure increased the total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) while decreasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Serum estradiol and progesterone levels declined markedly, consistent with oxidative and endocrine disruption. Immunohistochemistry revealed the upregulation of P53 and downregulation of BCL-2, indicating apoptosis-mediated ovarian injury. These findings demonstrate that combined gestational and lactational PS-NP exposure causes persistent, dose-dependent ovarian damage from the fetal stage through postnatal development, highlighting the reproductive risks associated with maternal nanoplastic exposure in an increasingly polluted environment.

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS-NPs）是一种新兴的环境污染物，可以跨越生物屏障，在生殖器官中积累。本研究评估了妊娠第20天（GD20）和出生后第30和60天（PD30, PD60）母期和哺乳期PS-NP暴露对大鼠卵巢的发育毒性。妊娠期和哺乳期给药剂量分别为0.1、1、10 mg/kg/d的PS-NPs。在GD20时，暴露母坝的胎儿卵巢显示出原始卵泡数量和直径明显减少，早期颗粒细胞组织紊乱，实质与间质比降低，表明卵泡发生受损。在PD30和PD60时，卵巢改变以剂量依赖的方式增强，包括颗粒层变薄、卵泡变性和皮质紊乱，这些在高剂量组最为明显。荧光显微镜证实罗丹明标记的PS-NPs经胎盘和哺乳期转移，并在卵泡和基质中持续和剂量依赖性积累。生物化学方面，PS-NP暴露增加了总氧化状态（TOS）和氧化应激指数（OSI），降低了总抗氧化能力（TAC）。血清雌二醇和黄体酮水平明显下降，与氧化和内分泌紊乱一致。免疫组化显示P53上调，BCL-2下调，提示凋亡介导的卵巢损伤。这些研究结果表明，妊娠期和哺乳期PS-NP联合暴露会导致从胎儿期到出生后发育期间持续的、剂量依赖性的卵巢损伤，突出了在日益污染的环境中母体纳米塑料暴露相关的生殖风险。

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引用次数: 0

Source appointment, chemical impacts and health risk of volatile organic compounds in an industrial park in Zibo, China 淄博某工业园区挥发性有机化合物来源确定、化学影响及健康风险

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100944

Lin Sun , Wenge Zhang , Wenyu Bai , Hao Gan , Bo Xu , Jing Wang , Yanhui Liu , Chunmei Geng , Wen Yang

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are priority tropospheric pollutants, characterized by high chemical reactivity and adverse health effects. Industrial emission is a major VOC source, yet studies on its characteristics in industrial parks within Zibo remain limited. This research investigates VOC emissions at two sites (X1 and X2) within an industrial park in Zibo during the summer of 2021, focusing on their sources, chemical impacts, and health risks. Mobile, petrochemical industry and solvent usage were identified as the predominant anthropogenic contributors at both sites. Alkene (X1: 54.71 ppbv, X2: 48.94 ppbv) was the key ozone precursor, and petrochemical industry was the largest contributor to ozone formation (X1: 33.83 ppbv, X2: 40.10 ppbv). As a typical tracer of biogenic emissions and a key contributor to ozone formation, our identification of significant industrial isoprene emissions suggests the potential for its anthropogenic regulation. Health risk assessment revealed acrolein and 1,3-butadiene as the dominant contributors to non-carcinogenic risk (expressed by hazard ratio, X1: 8.62, X2: 4.19) and carcinogenic risk (expressed by lifetime cancer risk, X1: 2.12×10⁻⁵, X2: 2.38×10⁻⁵), respectively. Solvent usage (hazard ratio: 4.76, lifetime cancer risk:1.70×10⁻⁵) contributed most at X1, while petrochemical industry (hazard ratio: 2.45, lifetime cancer risk:3.35×10⁻⁵) was the largest contributor at X2. These findings underscore the need for source-specific mitigation strategies to effectively mitigate ozone and alleviate health risks in industrial regions.

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是对流层优先污染物，具有高化学反应性和对健康的不利影响。工业排放是挥发性有机化合物的主要来源，但对淄博市工业园区挥发性有机化合物特征的研究较少。本研究于2021年夏季对淄博市某工业园区内两个地点（X1和X2）的VOC排放进行了调查，重点研究了其来源、化学影响和健康风险。在这两个地点，移动、石化工业和溶剂的使用被确定为主要的人为因素。烯烃（X1: 54.71 ppbv, X2: 48.94 ppbv）是主要的臭氧前体，石化工业是臭氧形成的最大贡献者（X1: 33.83 ppbv, X2: 40.10 ppbv）。作为一种典型的生物源排放示踪剂和臭氧形成的关键贡献者，我们对显著工业异戊二烯排放的识别表明其可能受到人为调节。健康风险评估显示，丙烯醛和1,3-丁二烯分别是导致非致癌风险（用危险比表示，X1: 8.62, X2: 4.19）和致癌风险（用终生癌症风险表示，X1: 2.12×10−5,X2: 2.38×10−5）的主要因素。溶剂使用（风险比：4.76，终身癌症风险：1.70×10−5）在X1处贡献最大，而石化行业（风险比：2.45，终身癌症风险：3.35×10−5）在X2处贡献最大。这些研究结果强调，需要制定针对特定来源的减缓战略，以有效减缓工业区的臭氧和减轻健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 mass and its chemical components in the trajectory of chronic disease multimorbidity: Evidence from a large longitudinal study 长期暴露于环境PM2.5质量及其化学成分在慢性病多发病轨迹中的作用：来自大型纵向研究的证据

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100959

Xinjie Xiao , Wei Wu , Juanjuan Zhang , Qijiong Zhu , Yilin Li , Yayi Li , Haoyi Feng , Wan Peng , Jianxiong Hu , Dan Cai , Hongwei Tu , Guanhao He , Wenjun Ma , Tao Liu

Against the backdrop of global aging, rising risks of chronic diseases and multimorbidity pose considerable public health challenges. To investigate the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its chemical components with multimorbidity development, this prospective cohort study included 8,257 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort (2011–2020). PM_2.5 mass and its chemical components (sulfate [SO₄^2-], nitrate [NO₃^-], ammonium [NH₄⁺], organic matter [OM], and black carbon [BC]) were evaluated by city-level three-year average exposures. Multistate models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for chronic disease accumulation and death, and the corresponding population-attributable fractions (PAFs) attributable to PM_2.5 mass and its chemical components were also calculated. For single chronic disease patients, each standard deviation (SD = 14.2 μg/m³) increase in PM_2.5 mass concentration was associated with HRs of 1.46 and 2.14 for basic multimorbidity and death, respectively. Among those with basic multimorbidity, each SD increase yielded HRs of 1.31 for complex multimorbidity and 2.20 for death. BC showed the strongest association with multimorbidity development, followed by SO₄^2-, OM, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^-. Achieving China's Grade II PM_2.5 standard (35 μg/m³) could avert 19.32% of transitions from one disease to basic multimorbidity and 13.86% of transitions from basic to complex multimorbidity. Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 mass and its chemical components was associated with increased risks across all disease stages of multimorbidity development. Targeted air pollution control, especially BC reduction, is crucial to mitigate associated health burdens.

在全球老龄化的背景下，慢性病和多病风险的上升构成了相当大的公共卫生挑战。为了研究长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其化学成分与多种疾病发展的关系，本前瞻性队列研究纳入了来自中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）队列（2011-2020）的8,257名参与者。PM2.5质量及其化学成分（硫酸盐[SO42-]、硝酸盐[NO3-]、铵态氮[NH4+]、有机质[OM]和黑碳[BC]）采用城市3年平均暴露量评价。采用多状态模型估算慢性疾病积累和死亡的风险比（hr），并计算PM2.5质量及其化学成分对应的人群归因分数（paf）。对于单一慢性疾病患者，PM2.5质量浓度每增加一个标准差（SD = 14.2 μg/m³），基本多发病和死亡的hr分别为1.46和2.14。在基本多发病的患者中，每增加一个SD，复杂多发病的hr为1.31，死亡的hr为2.20。BC与多种疾病发展的相关性最强，其次是SO42-、OM、NH4+和NO3-。达到中国PM2.5二级标准（35 μg/m³）可以避免19.32%的疾病从一种疾病向基本多病过渡，13.86%的疾病从基本多病向复杂多病过渡。长期暴露于PM2.5质量及其化学成分与多病发展的所有疾病阶段的风险增加有关。有针对性的空气污染控制，特别是减少BC，对于减轻相关的健康负担至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of graphene nanoplatelets for adsorptive removal of aqueous munitions compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) 石墨烯纳米片吸附去除水性弹药化合物2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-s-三嗪（RDX）的研究

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101036

Luke A. Gurtowski , Sheila J. McLeod , Sarah Grace Zetterholm , Chris S. Griggs , Josh Gramm , Jaylen Davis , Florence Sanchez

Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were evaluated against munitions compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in aqueous solutions for adsorptive removal performance. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize samples and inform adsorption mechanisms. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted in deionized water and compared with granular activated carbon (GAC). Evaluations were conducted with varying pH levels, ionic strengths, and temperatures and with surface water solutions to assess the impact of environmental factors on performance and further inform adsorption mechanisms. This study demonstrated that GnPs exhibited more rapid adsorption than GAC. Furthermore, TNT was adsorbed with greater capacity by GnPs compared to GAC, while GnPs removed RDX in greater capacity only when results were normalized for surface area. The more planar structure of GnPs may have contributed to performance enhancements relative to GAC. Adsorption was not impacted by variations in pH or ionic strength, indicating stable performance in different environments. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that removal was more favorable at higher temperatures. Furthermore, π-π interactions likely facilitated TNT removal by GnPs, while RDX was removed through physisorption by van der Waals forces. This study advanced understanding of environmental management of munitions compounds, as the adsorptive performance of GnPs for munitions compounds in solutions within a natural environmental matrix were evaluated, and key mechanisms supporting adsorptive removal of these compounds were informed. Overall, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of GnPs in treating water contaminated with TNT or RDX, particularly when rapid adsorption is preferred.

研究了石墨烯纳米片（GnPs）在水溶液中对军需化合物2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-s-三嗪（RDX）的吸附去除性能。傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱对样品进行了表征，并揭示了吸附机理。在去离子水中进行了吸附动力学和等温线研究，并与颗粒活性炭（GAC）进行了比较。在不同的pH值、离子强度、温度和地表水溶液下进行了评估，以评估环境因素对性能的影响，并进一步了解吸附机制。研究表明GnPs的吸附速度比GAC快。此外，与GAC相比，GnPs对TNT的吸附能力更大，而GnPs对RDX的吸附能力更大，只有当结果对表面积进行归一化时。相对于GAC， GnPs更平面的结构可能有助于提高性能。吸附不受pH和离子强度变化的影响，表明在不同环境下性能稳定。热力学分析表明，温度越高，脱除效果越好。此外，π-π相互作用可能促进了GnPs对TNT的去除，而RDX则通过范德华力的物理吸附去除。该研究促进了对弹药化合物环境管理的理解，因为在自然环境基质中评估了GnPs对弹药化合物的吸附性能，并了解了支持这些化合物吸附去除的关键机制。总的来说，本研究证明了GnPs在处理被TNT或RDX污染的水方面的有效性，特别是在首选快速吸附的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Global air pollution and clean fuel access to anemia burden in vulnerable populations 全球空气污染和清洁燃料对脆弱人群贫血负担的影响

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.101000

Reza Mosaddegh , Najmeh Zarei Jelyani , Saeid Gholami Gharab , Alireza Eshghi , Nilufar Marufi , Sara Naderpour , Saeedeh Askari , Mitra Gholami , Rozhan Khezri , Fatemeh Rezaei

Anemia is a significant global health problem, particularly affecting women and children. This study investigates the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure, access to clean household fuels, and anemia prevalence in vulnerable populations across 122 countries. This ecological study conducted an analysis using national-level data from 122 countries to examine the correlation between PM_2.5 (in 2 years 2016 and 2019) and the percentage of the population with access to clean cooking fuels at the same time, along with three outcomes, including anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years), pregnant women, and children (6–59 months). Multiple linear regression was used to identify significant factors associated with anemia in these groups. Scatter plots illustrated how anemia prevalence varied across countries with air pollution, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), highlighting the interplay between environmental and socio-economic factors. The positive association was observed between PM₂.₅ and anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women (β=0.16, P=0.001). Similar positive associations were observed for pregnant women (β=0.12, P=0.008) and children under five (β=0.182, P=0.001). Conversely, there was negative association between access to clean cooking and anemia prevalence among pregnant women (β = -0.23, p ≤ 0.001). Similar negative association was observed among children under five (β = -0.108, p =0.011). Results were consistent across exposure years (2016, 2019). These findings indicate that exposure to PM₂.₅ and limited access to clean fuel are significantly associated with increased anemia prevalence among women and children worldwide, independent of socioeconomic development. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental factors, particularly air pollution, into public health strategies aimed at reducing anemia, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

贫血是一个重大的全球健康问题，尤其影响到妇女和儿童。本研究调查了122个国家弱势人群中环境细颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露、清洁家用燃料获取和贫血患病率之间的相关性。这项生态研究利用来自122个国家的国家级数据进行了分析，以研究PM2.5（2016年和2019年）与同时获得清洁烹饪燃料的人口比例之间的相关性，以及三个结果，包括育龄妇女（15-49岁）、孕妇和儿童（6-59个月）的贫血患病率。使用多元线性回归来确定这些组中与贫血相关的重要因素。散点图显示了不同国家的贫血患病率在空气污染、人类发展指数（HDI）和社会人口指数（SDI）下的差异，突出了环境和社会经济因素之间的相互作用。结果表明，PM 2和PM 2之间存在正相关。在非怀孕妇女中₅和贫血患病率（β=0.16， P=0.001）。在孕妇（β=0.12， P=0.008）和5岁以下儿童（β=0.182， P=0.001）中也观察到类似的正相关。相反，获得清洁烹饪与孕妇贫血患病率呈负相关（β = -0.23, p≤0.001）。在5岁以下儿童中也观察到类似的负相关（β = -0.108, p =0.011）。结果在不同的暴露年份（2016年和2019年）是一致的。这些发现表明，暴露于PM 2。₅和获得清洁燃料的机会有限与全球妇女和儿童中贫血患病率的增加显着相关，与社会经济发展无关。这些发现强调了将环境因素，特别是空气污染纳入旨在减少贫血的公共卫生战略的重要性，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。

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引用次数: 0