PEC innovation最新文献

Objective

Machine learning models were employed to discern patients' impressions from the therapists' facial expressions during a virtual online video counselling session.

Methods

Eight therapists simulated an online video counselling session for the same patient. The facial emotions of the therapists were extracted from the session videos; we then utilized a random forest model to determine the therapist's impression as perceived by the patients.

Results

The therapists' neutral facial expressions were important controlling factors for patients' impressions. A predictive model with three neutral facial features achieved an accuracy of 83% in identifying patients' impressions.

Conclusions

Neutral facial expressions may contribute to patient impressions in an online video counselling environment with spatiotemporal disconnection.

Innovation

Expression recognition techniques were applied innovatively to an online counselling setting where therapists' expressions are limited. Our findings have the potential to enhance psychiatric clinical practice using Information and Communication Technology.

Objective

Health misinformation is common and can lead to harmful behaviors such as medication non-adherence. We assessed the impact of a novel patient educational tool focused on overcoming misconceptions among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

We developed the CAD Roadmap, an educational tool aimed at explaining the disease trajectory and overcoming common disease misconceptions (such as that statin medications are not beneficial). We designed a pilot survey to assess patients' 1) CAD-related knowledge, 2) medication-taking behavior, and 3) acceptability of the Roadmap. Survey participants were recruited online. CAD knowledge scores were compared with repeated measures t-tests.

Results

Among 114 patients with CAD (mean age 67 years, 63% male), average CAD-related knowledge was 79.0% pre-test and 89.7% after review of the CAD Roadmap (p < .001). After review of the Roadmap, 24% indicated they planned to take their medications more regularly, 93% agreed it was helpful in understanding medication benefits, and 77% felt more empowered to participate in medical decisions.

Conclusion

The CAD Roadmap was evaluated positively, improved disease-related knowledge, and has the potential to improve adherence to treatments.

Innovation

Unlike many other interventions, the CAD Roadmap is specifically designed to overcome common misconceptions to improve health behaviors.

Objective

HPV vaccination is recommended for children beginning at age 9 to prevent several types of cancer. Many parents turn to Facebook for health information. This study describes changes in HPV vaccine-related articles shared on Facebook amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

HPV-related articles shared on Facebook (2019–2021) were collected using Buzzsumo, a social media analytics tool and analyzed using content analysis. Articles were categorized by valence, misinformation, evidence types, persuasive tactics, and framing. We quantified these data and tested for difference by article year.

Results

Of the 138 included articles, 51% had positive valence towards the vaccine and 36% had negative valence. In 2021, there was a significant increase in positive messaging (72% vs. 44% in 2019/2020; p < 0.01) and misinformation decreased from 50% in 2019 to 24% in 2021 (p = 0.04). Persuasive strategies were more common in 2019 than in later years.

Conclusion

Despite decreased engagement in 2021, more positive HPV vaccine messaging was observed, although a quarter of articles still contained misinformation. Our results can inform strategies for communicating with parents about the HPV vaccine.

Innovation

Our study is the first to analyze HPV-related articles linked on Facebook and to assess for differences during the pandemic.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective communication approach to encourage lung cancer screening action within rural screening-eligible populations.

Methods

An iterative research approach using targeted engagement with the priority population was used. Findings were triangulated through multiple methods, including two surveys and concept testing interviews. The Health Belief Model and the Extended Parallel Process Model served as study frameworks.

Results

Initial findings suggest that threat levels are high in the priority population and an emphasis on barrier mitigation messaging may drive action. Health campaign posters integrating these findings were developed and tested with the priority population. The new health campaign posters were tested against examples of previously used health campaign posters. Findings suggest that the new health campaign posters were more effective in spurring lung cancer screening motivation and intention to act in the priority population compared to current health campaign poster examples.

Conclusion

Messaging focused on gain-framing, inoculation messaging, and barrier mitigation may be more effective in encouraging lung cancer screening action in rural eligible populations.

Innovation

This project outlines a systematic process to developing effective, targeted communication approaches using behavior change and persuasive communication frameworks along with engagement from priority populations.

Objective

To identify parents' information needs about impending very preterm birth and compare these needs to current information practices in the Netherlands.

Methods

Step 1: We surveyed N = 203 parents of preterm infants to assess their information needs. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Step 2a: We collected information resources from hospitals (N = 9 NICUs) and via an online search. These materials were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Step 2b: We compared findings from Steps 1-2a.

Results

We identified four themes pertaining to parents' information needs: (1) participation in care, (2) emotional wellbeing, (3) experience/success stories, and (4) practical information about prematurity. Clinicians' communicative skills and time were considered prerequisites for optimal information-provision. Notably, hospital resources provided mainly medical information about prematurity with some emphasis on participation in care, while parent associations mainly focused on emotional wellbeing and experience/success stories.

Conclusion

While parents demonstrate clear information needs about impending very preterm birth, current information resources satisfy these partially.

Innovation

Our multidisciplinary research team included both scholars and veteran NICU parents. As such, we identified parents' information needs bottom-up. These parent-driven insights will be used to design an innovative, tailored information platform for parents about impending very preterm birth.

Objective

Educators often lack the knowledge and resources to assist students with acquired brain injury (ABI). TeachABI, an education module, was created to help elementary school teachers support students with ABI in classrooms. This study examined the adaptability of TeachABI for high school educators.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study explored high school educators' (n = 9) experiences reviewing TeachABI and its adaptability for high school through semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was informed by implementation and adaptation frameworks. Transcripts were examined using directed content analysis.

Results

Teachers felt TeachABI was a good foundation for creating a high school-based education module. Adaptations were highlighted, such as streamlining content (e.g., mental health) and strategies (e.g., supporting test taking), to better meet educator needs.

Conclusions

Using implementation science and adaptation frameworks provided a structured approach to explore the adaptive elements of TeachABI. The module was perceived as a suitable platform for teaching high school educators about ABI.

Innovation

TeachABI is an innovative, user informed education module, providing a multi-modal (e.g., case study, videos) and replicable approach to learning about ABI. Applying frameworks from different fields provides concepts to consider when tailoring resources to align with educator needs (e.g., grade, class environment) and facilitate innovation uptake.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of the Self Efficacy (SE-12) questionnaire using Rasch analysis.

Methods

The SE-12 was administered to Danish health care professionals prior to their participation in a communication skills training program. Analysis of fit to the Rasch model, ordering of response categories, dimensionality-testing, test for differential item functioning, test for local dependency, and calculation of reliability were used to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the SE-12.

Results

In this study, 1057 respondents were analyzed. Overall, the SE-12 demonstrated an acceptable fit to the Rasch model. Response categories were appropriately ordered for all twelve items. However, items 6 (structure) and item 8 (empathy) demonstrated differential item functioning, with men being more likely to affirm the first and women the last item. Local dependency was observed between five item groups but adjusting for these improved fit indices significantly. The SE-12 exhibited high reliability with PSI ranging from 0.92 to 0.94. A transformation table converting ordinal scores to interval scores is provided.

Conclusion

The SE-12 demonstrates good construct validity and excellent reliability. Minor issues regarding local dependency and differential functioning require attention.

Innovation: A 5-item version could be explored without compromising validity and reliability.

Objective

To assess the Behavioral Intention Predictive Framework's utility in explaining variation in cancer patients' strong behavioral intention (SBI) to use LEAPS (Listen, Educate, Assess, Partner, Support) communication skills after viewing training videos.

Methods

Ninety-eight patients were enrolled through anonymized online platforms to view LEAPS training videos, complete background and communication questionnaires and report their SBI to use LEAPS skills.

Results

On average, patients indicated SBI to use 6 of 13 skills and 46% of patients expressed SBI across individual skills. The framework explained 27.7% of the adjusted variance in SBI with significant predictors of frequent past use of LEAPS-related shared decision-making behaviors, poor emotional health, being rarely accompanied to visits and positive ratings of narrative videos. Finally, 21.7% of the adjusted variance in problem communication was explained by infrequent use of LEAPS-related information behaviors, patient accompaniment of another adult and positive narrative scores.

Conclusion

Patients SBI to use multiple LEAPS skills and past problem communication were explained by framework predictors.

Innovation

Despite theoretical and empirical evidence that behavioral intention significantly predicts behavior, it has not been studied in patient communication research. Application of the novel framework to LEAPS training videos contributes an innovative address of this research gap.

Objective

Our goal was to identify specific types of services desired by caregivers and determine subgroups most interested in each service type.

Methods

Caregiving questions were added to a state-wide poll conducted in a majority-rural state. Those who identified as caregivers (n = 428) were asked to report on the helpfulness of 6 domains of services. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were conducted.

Results

Top resources caregivers identified as potentially helpful included hands-on services (33.9%), help coordinating care from multiple providers (21.5%), help with finances (18.9%), and help managing emotional stress (17.8%). Only 15% indicated no caregiver resources would be helpful. Younger caregivers endorsed several service domains as more helpful than older caregivers; caregivers reporting higher stress were more likely to endorse most domains as helpful.

Conclusion

Data reinforces the overwhelming need to offer caregiver services. Navigation and integrated and tailored service models may be beneficial to help caregivers identify and access appropriate services within healthcare systems.

Innovation

This study uses an innovative approach to identifying needs of caregivers, who are often invisible within the healthcare system. Our findings suggest a paradigm shift is needed to broaden the scope and depth of services offered to caregivers.

Objectives

Simulation is an important learning activity in nursing education. There is little knowledge about dialogue and communication between students and facilitators in a virtual simulation setting. The current study, conducted in Norway, explores the dialogic teaching approaches applied by facilitators in a virtual classroom and adapt an analytic tool from a physical classroom in lower education to a virtual classroom in higher education.

Methods

Sixteen virtual simulation sessions of groups with nursing students were video-taped. The videos were coded with a coding scheme developed for physical classrooms and adapted to the virtual setting. The dialogic approaches from the facilitator were analysed using descriptive analysis.

Results

The most frequently used approaches from the facilitator were categorised as asking (“Big questions”) and listening (“Wait time after a question”). The most frequent pattern seen in the use of dialogic approaches fall under the category listening.

Conclusions

The coding scheme is suitable to analyse facilitators' dialogic approaches in a virtual setting in nursing education. Further research should examine how the facilitator can strategically deploy dialogic approaches in other types of simulations with students.

Innovation

The coding scheme was developed from lower to higher education, and from a physical to a virtual setting.