Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110196
Lucile Muneret , Benjamin Carbonne , Bruno Chauvel , Alexandre Dosset , Chantal Ducourtieux , Nicolas Henon , Emeline Felten , Emilien Laurent , Annick Matejicek , Sandrine Petit
Although many herbicide active substances have been banned, and while weed infestation is a major threat to crop productivity, the extent to which natural weed control provided by seed predators can help farmers manage weed communities remains unknown. The contribution of seed predators to crop productivity through weed control was quantified, and it was assessed whether farming systems such as conservation agriculture played a role in bolstering their impact. A total of 112 seed predator-exclusion cages were set up in 28 cereal fields in France (14 pairs of plots, in which one plot was managed under conservation agriculture and the other under conventional agriculture). Weed emergence and biomass were surveyed, crop yield was measured, and the main seed predators—carabid beetles and rodents—were sampled. A 20 % reduction in yield loss due to weeds was found to be caused by seed predator activity, which was extrapolated to an economic gain of 285 €/ha. However, a whole 60 % of the maximum crop yield potential reached in the absence of weeds remains lost. Moreover, while conservation agriculture enhances weed control, this does not translate into increased crop yield. This study demonstrates the tangible importance of considering seed predators for weed control but highlights the need to combine this approach with other weed control practices or to substantially redesign cropping systems to enhance the beneficial effects of biodiversity on crop productivity.
{"title":"Weed control provided by seed predators saves 20 % crop yield in cereal fields","authors":"Lucile Muneret , Benjamin Carbonne , Bruno Chauvel , Alexandre Dosset , Chantal Ducourtieux , Nicolas Henon , Emeline Felten , Emilien Laurent , Annick Matejicek , Sandrine Petit","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although many herbicide active substances have been banned, and while weed infestation is a major threat to crop productivity, the extent to which natural weed control provided by seed predators can help farmers manage weed communities remains unknown. The contribution of seed predators to crop productivity through weed control was quantified, and it was assessed whether farming systems such as conservation agriculture played a role in bolstering their impact. A total of 112 seed predator-exclusion cages were set up in 28 cereal fields in France (14 pairs of plots, in which one plot was managed under conservation agriculture and the other under conventional agriculture). Weed emergence and biomass were surveyed, crop yield was measured, and the main seed predators—carabid beetles and rodents—were sampled. A 20 % reduction in yield loss due to weeds was found to be caused by seed predator activity, which was extrapolated to an economic gain of 285 €/ha. However, a whole 60 % of the maximum crop yield potential reached in the absence of weeds remains lost. Moreover, while conservation agriculture enhances weed control, this does not translate into increased crop yield. This study demonstrates the tangible importance of considering seed predators for weed control but highlights the need to combine this approach with other weed control practices or to substantially redesign cropping systems to enhance the beneficial effects of biodiversity on crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110176
Rodrigo Javier Alonso , Rosario Lovera , Melanie Ruiz , Malena Rospide , Martin Neyen Lammen , Daniela Paula Montes de Oca , Juliana Sánchez , Regino Cavia
Within highly modified environments, livestock production systems shape small mammal assemblages, which are particularly relevant due to their responsiveness to local habitat structure and management practices, and their role as agricultural pests and reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. This study examines changes in the composition and structure of small mammal assemblages, assessed through taxonomic alpha and beta diversity, across different livestock farming systems, seasons, years, and geographical regions in northeast Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Seasonal sampling was conducted on dairy farms, intensive and extensive pig farms, and feedlots from 2008 to 2021, though not continuously. For alpha and beta diversity comparisons, we used abundance-based diversity indices and multivariate ordination analyses, respectively. A total of 1317 individuals from ten species were captured, with Rattus norvegicus (n = 777) as the dominant species. Multivariate analyses revealed that the composition of small mammal assemblages was influenced by the type of farm and season. Species richness was highest on dairy and intensive pig farms, whereas feedlots exhibited greater evenness with more common and dominant species. Seasonal variations affected diversity patterns, with the highest species richness in fall and winter. The results highlight how different types of farms, seasons and landscape contexts shape small mammal communities, changing abiotic factors and introducing interactions between native and invasive species. These findings underscore the need for tailored small mammal management strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss and zoonotic risks in livestock systems.
{"title":"Livestock production systems shape alpha and beta diversity of small mammal assemblages","authors":"Rodrigo Javier Alonso , Rosario Lovera , Melanie Ruiz , Malena Rospide , Martin Neyen Lammen , Daniela Paula Montes de Oca , Juliana Sánchez , Regino Cavia","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within highly modified environments, livestock production systems shape small mammal assemblages, which are particularly relevant due to their responsiveness to local habitat structure and management practices, and their role as agricultural pests and reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. This study examines changes in the composition and structure of small mammal assemblages, assessed through taxonomic alpha and beta diversity, across different livestock farming systems, seasons, years, and geographical regions in northeast Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Seasonal sampling was conducted on dairy farms, intensive and extensive pig farms, and feedlots from 2008 to 2021, though not continuously. For alpha and beta diversity comparisons, we used abundance-based diversity indices and multivariate ordination analyses, respectively. A total of 1317 individuals from ten species were captured, with <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> (n = 777) as the dominant species. Multivariate analyses revealed that the composition of small mammal assemblages was influenced by the type of farm and season. Species richness was highest on dairy and intensive pig farms, whereas feedlots exhibited greater evenness with more common and dominant species. Seasonal variations affected diversity patterns, with the highest species richness in fall and winter. The results highlight how different types of farms, seasons and landscape contexts shape small mammal communities, changing abiotic factors and introducing interactions between native and invasive species. These findings underscore the need for tailored small mammal management strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss and zoonotic risks in livestock systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110227
Jiacong Zhou , Shuo Liu , Kees Jan van Groenigen , Carsten W. Mueller , Raúl Ochoa-Hueso , Nicolas Fanin , Zixuan Ren , Yixuan Zhang , Ying Ma , Siyi Sun , Junxi Hu , Yao Zhang , Laura Yahdjian , Wolfgang Wanek , Jørgen Eivind Olesen , Yakov Kuzyakov , Ji Liu , Ji Chen
Grazing exclusion is widely used as an effective soil restoration strategy in degraded grasslands to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects of grazing exclusion on SOC remain unclear, due to limited understanding of changes in SOC constituent pools. Here, we investigated the impacts of 6-year (GE6) and 14-year (GE14) grazing exclusion on particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) stocks in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Compared to grazing treatments, GE6 and GE14 reduced POC stocks by 41 % and 68 %, respectively, across the 0–30 cm soil depth. In contrast, GE6 increased MAOC stocks by 49 %, whereas GE14 had no significant effect on MAOC stocks. The decline in POC likely resulted from reduced litter incorporation into soils, together with enhanced decomposition driven by elevated oxidative enzyme activities. Changes in MAOC stocks were linked to increased above- and belowground plant biomass, which promoted microbial necromass C production. However, the absence of MAOC gains under GE14 limited overall SOC accumulation, underscoring the need to optimize grazing exclusion duration. Collectively, these results show that the responses of SOC stocks to grazing exclusion depend largely on microbial transformation of plant-derived C rather than on increased plant biomass alone, highlighting the pivotal role of microbes in regulating SOC sequestration in alpine grasslands.
{"title":"Contrasting responses of particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon stocks to grazing exclusion in an alpine meadow","authors":"Jiacong Zhou , Shuo Liu , Kees Jan van Groenigen , Carsten W. Mueller , Raúl Ochoa-Hueso , Nicolas Fanin , Zixuan Ren , Yixuan Zhang , Ying Ma , Siyi Sun , Junxi Hu , Yao Zhang , Laura Yahdjian , Wolfgang Wanek , Jørgen Eivind Olesen , Yakov Kuzyakov , Ji Liu , Ji Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grazing exclusion is widely used as an effective soil restoration strategy in degraded grasslands to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects of grazing exclusion on SOC remain unclear, due to limited understanding of changes in SOC constituent pools. Here, we investigated the impacts of 6-year (GE6) and 14-year (GE14) grazing exclusion on particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) stocks in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Compared to grazing treatments, GE6 and GE14 reduced POC stocks by 41 % and 68 %, respectively, across the 0–30 cm soil depth. In contrast, GE6 increased MAOC stocks by 49 %, whereas GE14 had no significant effect on MAOC stocks. The decline in POC likely resulted from reduced litter incorporation into soils, together with enhanced decomposition driven by elevated oxidative enzyme activities. Changes in MAOC stocks were linked to increased above- and belowground plant biomass, which promoted microbial necromass C production. However, the absence of MAOC gains under GE14 limited overall SOC accumulation, underscoring the need to optimize grazing exclusion duration. Collectively, these results show that the responses of SOC stocks to grazing exclusion depend largely on microbial transformation of plant-derived C rather than on increased plant biomass alone, highlighting the pivotal role of microbes in regulating SOC sequestration in alpine grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110227"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110229
Xiaofei Wang , Yu An , Le Wang , Mingye Zhang , Xianglong Xing , Shouzheng Tong , Haitao Wu
In semi-arid regions, wetlands are increasingly converted to agriculture use due to growing food demand. Current practices like mowing and grazing considerably alter plant biomass allocation patterns, yet the underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify this, we combine community-level leaf and root traits with biomass partitioning analysis across a management gradient (from natural to heavily grazed wetlands) in China's Songnen Plain. Results revealed that agricultural intensification triggered strategic biomass reallocation: aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) decreased 83.1 % and 51.9 % from natural wetlands (NW, 1093.5 g m⁻²) to heavily grazed sites (HG), while root-to-shoot ratio (RSR) increased 12-fold (HG:3.6 vs. NW:0.3). This coincided with the coordinated leaf-root economic strategies: NW favored acquisitive strategies (e.g. peak high leaf area [LA] =1917.1 mm², and specific root length [SRL] = 3219.3 cm g⁻¹), whereas mowed/grazed sites optimized conservation investments (e.g. peak leaf carbon concentration [LCC] = 487.4 g kg⁻¹, and root carbon concentration [RCC] = 391.0 g kg⁻¹), illustrating a functional shift from resource acquisition to conservation. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression identified leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, leaf phosphorus concentration, LA, LCC, root length, specific root area (SRA), RCC, and root surface area (RSA) as key predictors for AGB, whereas BGB was predicted by LCC, LDW and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, RSA, SRA and root phosphorus concentration (RPC). Leaf traits (LA and LDW) and root traits (RCC, RPC, and SRL) were identified as the best predictors of RSR. Variance partitioning analysis showed that leaf-root trait interactions dominated biomass production and allocation (76.9 %-89.8 % of explained variance), underscoring an integrated root-leaf economic network. Structural equation modeling further revealed that the decreased LA indirectly enhanced RSR through positive effects on AGB and synergistic interactions with LDW, SRL and RCC. Contrasting effects of LA-LDW/SRL interactions on BGB further regulated RSR. LA-driven synergies with SRL and trade-offs between RCC and SRL directly modulated RSR. These results collectively demonstrate that trait interaction networks, rather than individual traits, serve as the key driver of biomass production and allocation in agriculturally managed wetlands. This functional trait-coordination framework advances our understanding of plant strategies for enhancing wetland resilience in semi-arid agricultural landscape.
在半干旱地区，由于粮食需求的增长，湿地越来越多地转变为农业用途。目前的做法，如割草和放牧显著改变了植物生物量分配模式，但潜在的功能机制尚不清楚。为了澄清这一点，我们将群落水平的叶片和根系特征与生物量分配分析结合起来，分析了中国松嫩平原不同管理梯度（从自然湿地到重度放牧湿地）的生物量分配。结果显示,农业集约化触发战略生物质重新分配:地上部生物量(AGB)和地下的生物量(BGB)减少83.1 % 51.9 %从自然湿地(NW, 1093.5 g m⁻²)严重擦伤了网站(HG),而root-to-shoot比率(RSR)增加了12倍(HG: 3.6与NW: 0.3)。这与叶根协调的经济策略相吻合：西北地区倾向于获取策略（例如，峰值高叶面积[LA] =1917.1 mm²，比根长度[SRL] = 3219.3 cm g⁻¹），而刈/放牧地则优化了保护投资（例如，峰值叶碳浓度[LCC] = 487.4 g kg⁻¹，根碳浓度[RCC] = 391.0 g kg⁻¹），说明了从资源获取到保护的功能转变。相关分析和逐步回归表明，叶片干重（LDW）、叶片碳氮比、叶片磷浓度、LA、LCC、根长、比根面积（SRA）、比根面积（RCC）和根表面积（RSA）是AGB的关键预测因子，而BGB则由LCC、LDW和叶片氮磷比、RSA、SRA和根磷浓度（RPC）预测。叶片性状（LA和LDW）和根系性状（RCC、RPC和SRL）是RSR的最佳预测因子。方差划分分析表明，叶片-根系性状互作主导了生物量生产和分配（占解释方差的76.9% % ~ 89.8% %），表明根系-叶片经济网络是一体化的。结构方程模型进一步表明，LA的降低通过对AGB的正向作用以及与LDW、SRL和RCC的协同作用间接提高了RSR。LA-LDW/SRL互作对BGB的影响比较进一步调控了RSR。la驱动的与SRL的协同作用以及RCC和SRL之间的权衡直接调制了RSR。这些结果共同表明，性状相互作用网络，而不是单个性状，是农业管理湿地生物量生产和分配的关键驱动因素。这种功能性状-协调框架促进了我们对半干旱农业景观中增强湿地恢复力的植物策略的理解。
{"title":"Leaf and root traits codetermine biomass production and allocation patterns in agriculturally managed wetlands in a semi-arid region","authors":"Xiaofei Wang , Yu An , Le Wang , Mingye Zhang , Xianglong Xing , Shouzheng Tong , Haitao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In semi-arid regions, wetlands are increasingly converted to agriculture use due to growing food demand. Current practices like mowing and grazing considerably alter plant biomass allocation patterns, yet the underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify this, we combine community-level leaf and root traits with biomass partitioning analysis across a management gradient (from natural to heavily grazed wetlands) in China's Songnen Plain. Results revealed that agricultural intensification triggered strategic biomass reallocation: aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) decreased 83.1 % and 51.9 % from natural wetlands (NW, 1093.5 g m⁻²) to heavily grazed sites (HG), while root-to-shoot ratio (RSR) increased 12-fold (HG:3.6 vs. NW:0.3). This coincided with the coordinated leaf-root economic strategies: NW favored acquisitive strategies (e.g. peak high leaf area [LA] =1917.1 mm², and specific root length [SRL] = 3219.3 cm g⁻¹), whereas mowed/grazed sites optimized conservation investments (e.g. peak leaf carbon concentration [LCC] = 487.4 g kg⁻¹, and root carbon concentration [RCC] = 391.0 g kg⁻¹), illustrating a functional shift from resource acquisition to conservation. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression identified leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, leaf phosphorus concentration, LA, LCC, root length, specific root area (SRA), RCC, and root surface area (RSA) as key predictors for AGB, whereas BGB was predicted by LCC, LDW and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, RSA, SRA and root phosphorus concentration (RPC). Leaf traits (LA and LDW) and root traits (RCC, RPC, and SRL) were identified as the best predictors of RSR. Variance partitioning analysis showed that leaf-root trait interactions dominated biomass production and allocation (76.9 %-89.8 % of explained variance), underscoring an integrated root-leaf economic network. Structural equation modeling further revealed that the decreased LA indirectly enhanced RSR through positive effects on AGB and synergistic interactions with LDW, SRL and RCC. Contrasting effects of LA-LDW/SRL interactions on BGB further regulated RSR. LA-driven synergies with SRL and trade-offs between RCC and SRL directly modulated RSR. These results collectively demonstrate that trait interaction networks, rather than individual traits, serve as the key driver of biomass production and allocation in agriculturally managed wetlands. This functional trait-coordination framework advances our understanding of plant strategies for enhancing wetland resilience in semi-arid agricultural landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110228
Jan Cukor
Conventional agricultural practices, especially the rapid harvesting of meadows, pose a serious threat to wildlife. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) fawns are particularly vulnerable, as their survival strategy is to stay hidden in tall vegetation without movement to avoid predators. In Central Europe, the meadow harvest results in the unethical deaths of tens of thousands of roe deer fawns. This human-wildlife conflict has led to large-scale fawn rescues by the wildlife managers and public, especially in recent years with the development of thermal-imaging drone use. These efforts are often emotionally driven and widely shared on social media, focusing on protecting visually appealing species. However, this selective attention risks neglecting less “attractive” yet endangered farmland species, such as birds and invertebrates. Therefore—based on the strong public engagement in fawn rescue—the aim is to highlight that the effort should be expanded toward broader biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems, including protection of less attractive species, promoting habitat diversity, sustainable land use, and long-term ecological resilience.
{"title":"The Bambi effect: Leveraging public sentiment on roe deer fawn rescue for broader conservation effort","authors":"Jan Cukor","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional agricultural practices, especially the rapid harvesting of meadows, pose a serious threat to wildlife. Roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em> L.) fawns are particularly vulnerable, as their survival strategy is to stay hidden in tall vegetation without movement to avoid predators. In Central Europe, the meadow harvest results in the unethical deaths of tens of thousands of roe deer fawns. This human-wildlife conflict has led to large-scale fawn rescues by the wildlife managers and public, especially in recent years with the development of thermal-imaging drone use. These efforts are often emotionally driven and widely shared on social media, focusing on protecting visually appealing species. However, this selective attention risks neglecting less “attractive” yet endangered farmland species, such as birds and invertebrates. Therefore—based on the strong public engagement in fawn rescue—the aim is to highlight that the effort should be expanded toward broader biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems, including protection of less attractive species, promoting habitat diversity, sustainable land use, and long-term ecological resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110193
Camila P. Cagna , Moges K. Biru , Diego A.H.S. Leitao , Patricia A.B. Barreto-Garcia , Viviany Viriato , Jose C.B. Dubeux Jr. , Cassio A. Tormena , Marcio R. Nunes
Sandy soils cover around 900 million hectares globally and are increasingly targeted for agricultural expansion and food production. However, these soils are highly vulnerable to degradation due to their low nutrient and water retention capacity, poor structure, and susceptibility to compaction. Our objective was to identify conservation-based production systems to sustain or enhance the health of sandy soils. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes were assessed across three soil depths (0–5, 15–20, and 25–30 cm). Diversified cropping systems, particularly the sod-based rotation system combined with cover crops and nitrogen fertilization (SBR-GL34), improved overall soil health. This production system increased total soil porosity by up to 18 %, reduced subsurface bulk density by 11 %, and enhanced soil organic carbon stock by up to 18 % compared with business-as-usual (BAU). Labile fractions also improved, with permanganate-oxidizable carbon increasing by 38 %, while β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase increased by 60 % and 64 %, respectively. Despite these improvements, compared to native, all production systems had lower carbon stocks (55–65 %) and showed signes of soil physical degradation. Integrating cover crops, nitrogen fertilization, and grazing also enhanced microbial activity and nutrient cycling, mitigating the negative effects of converting from native to agricultural systems. Among all agricultural systems, SBR-GL34 showed the highest potential to improve (compared to BAU) and sustain (compared to native) soil health and productivity of sandy soils. Overall, combining appropriate nutrient management with long-term agricultural practices that reduce soil disturbance and maximize diversity and soil cover with live plants and crop residue supports sustainable agricultural production in sandy soils.
{"title":"Synergistic agricultural systems improve soil health and support sustainable land use in sandy soils","authors":"Camila P. Cagna , Moges K. Biru , Diego A.H.S. Leitao , Patricia A.B. Barreto-Garcia , Viviany Viriato , Jose C.B. Dubeux Jr. , Cassio A. Tormena , Marcio R. Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandy soils cover around 900 million hectares globally and are increasingly targeted for agricultural expansion and food production. However, these soils are highly vulnerable to degradation due to their low nutrient and water retention capacity, poor structure, and susceptibility to compaction. Our objective was to identify conservation-based production systems to sustain or enhance the health of sandy soils. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes were assessed across three soil depths (0–5, 15–20, and 25–30 cm). Diversified cropping systems, particularly the sod-based rotation system combined with cover crops and nitrogen fertilization (SBR-GL34), improved overall soil health. This production system increased total soil porosity by up to 18 %, reduced subsurface bulk density by 11 %, and enhanced soil organic carbon stock by up to 18 % compared with business-as-usual (BAU). Labile fractions also improved, with permanganate-oxidizable carbon increasing by 38 %, while β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase increased by 60 % and 64 %, respectively. Despite these improvements, compared to native, all production systems had lower carbon stocks (55–65 %) and showed signes of soil physical degradation. Integrating cover crops, nitrogen fertilization, and grazing also enhanced microbial activity and nutrient cycling, mitigating the negative effects of converting from native to agricultural systems. Among all agricultural systems, SBR-GL34 showed the highest potential to improve (compared to BAU) and sustain (compared to native) soil health and productivity of sandy soils. Overall, combining appropriate nutrient management with long-term agricultural practices that reduce soil disturbance and maximize diversity and soil cover with live plants and crop residue supports sustainable agricultural production in sandy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110193"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110217
Camila Corti , Facundo R. Meroi Arcerito , María Belén Lezcano , Facundo Ramos , Leonardo Galetto , Matías Maggi
Protective anti-hail nets are increasingly used in kiwifruit orchards, yet their integrated effects on pollination and yield are unclear. We compared two prevalent management systems: a netted system (anti-hail net with manual pollination, no on-site hives) versus an open-field system (no net, manual pollination with honey bee hives). Across seven commercial kiwifruit orchards, we assessed pollinator communities, visitation rates, fruit quality (weight and seed number), and economic yield. The management system significantly altered pollinator composition (PERMANOVA: F=4.58, R² = 0.48, p = 0.029). Apis mellifera dominated (>60 % of visits) in open fields but was nearly absent under nets, where syrphid flies prevailed. A complementary analysis on the wild pollinator assemblage (excluding A. mellifera) indicated that netting itself explained 31.5 % of the variation (F = 2.30, R²=0.315, p = 0.086), suggesting a substantial, albeit marginally non-significant, filter effect independent of hive management. Visitation frequency was 47 % lower in the netted system. Fruits from the netted system were 30 % lighter and had 45 % fewer seeds. Gross revenue per hectare was 31.5 % lower under nets (USD 47,385 vs. 69,213). The netted management system explained 46.0–64.6 % of the variance in fruit quality and 58.0 % in economic yield. Our results demonstrate that the netted system creates a substantial pollination deficit not compensated by standard manual pollination, directly reducing fruit quality and profitability. Integrating pollinator-friendly practices is needed to balance crop protection with sustainable production.
{"title":"Effects of anti-hail netting on pollinator activity, fruit quality, and economic yield in kiwifruit","authors":"Camila Corti , Facundo R. Meroi Arcerito , María Belén Lezcano , Facundo Ramos , Leonardo Galetto , Matías Maggi","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protective anti-hail nets are increasingly used in kiwifruit orchards, yet their integrated effects on pollination and yield are unclear. We compared two prevalent management systems: a netted system (anti-hail net with manual pollination, no on-site hives) versus an open-field system (no net, manual pollination with honey bee hives). Across seven commercial kiwifruit orchards, we assessed pollinator communities, visitation rates, fruit quality (weight and seed number), and economic yield. The management system significantly altered pollinator composition (PERMANOVA: F=4.58, R² = 0.48, p = 0.029). <em>Apis mellifera</em> dominated (>60 % of visits) in open fields but was nearly absent under nets, where syrphid flies prevailed. A complementary analysis on the wild pollinator assemblage (excluding <em>A. mellifera</em>) indicated that netting itself explained 31.5 % of the variation (F = 2.30, R²=0.315, p = 0.086), suggesting a substantial, albeit marginally non-significant, filter effect independent of hive management. Visitation frequency was 47 % lower in the netted system. Fruits from the netted system were 30 % lighter and had 45 % fewer seeds. Gross revenue per hectare was 31.5 % lower under nets (USD 47,385 vs. 69,213). The netted management system explained 46.0–64.6 % of the variance in fruit quality and 58.0 % in economic yield. Our results demonstrate that the netted system creates a substantial pollination deficit not compensated by standard manual pollination, directly reducing fruit quality and profitability. Integrating pollinator-friendly practices is needed to balance crop protection with sustainable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110218
Ranran Zhou , Yanfang Xue , Amit Kumar , Anna Gunina , Jun Ling , Zhenling Cui , Yakov Kuzyakov , Jing Tian
Soil organic carbon (SOC), a critical component of terrestrial carbon storage, can be classified into particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), which differ in both stability and sensitivity to management. POC is dynamic and accumulates rapidly, whereas MAOC is more stable and critical for long-term sequestration, making their simultaneous increase a major challenge in agroecosystem management. Here, we synthesized 1702 paired observations from croplands globally to assess the individual and combined effects of nitrogen (N) and organic matter (OM) inputs on SOC pools, classifying their interactions as additive (sum of individual effects), antagonistic (less than expected), or synergistic (greater than expected). N fertilization alone primarily increased POC by 30 %, contributing to an 11 % rise in total SOC. OM inputs, whether applied alone or in combination with mineral N, increased both POC and MAOC, with integrated N and OM inputs showing predominantly additive effects—increasing POC and MAOC by 87 % and 24 %, respectively. MAOC dynamics were influenced by both edaphic and management factors, with responses being time-dependent and strongly modulated by initial SOC content and pH. Short-term increases in MAOC were particularly evident in low-carbon (<16 g kg⁻¹) and alkaline soils. In contrast, POC was mainly governed by management factors, particularly the interactions between carbon source type and application duration, with manure co-application accelerating rapid accumulation within the first six years. Global projections indicated substantial potential for POC increases, especially in Southeast Asia and Europe, whereas MAOC gains remained spatially constrained. Overall, although N and OM inputs did not consistently yield synergistic effects, combined applications generally outperformed individual inputs and were able to increase POC and MAOC over short timescales, underscoring the advantages of context-dependent integrated management for efficiently increasing sequestration across multiple SOC pools.
土壤有机碳（SOC）是陆地碳储量的重要组成部分，可分为颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC），两者在稳定性和管理敏感性上存在差异。POC是动态的，积累迅速，而MAOC则更稳定，对长期封存至关重要，这使得它们的同步增加成为农业生态系统管理的主要挑战。在此，我们综合了来自全球农田的1702个配对观测结果，以评估氮(N)和有机质（OM）输入对有机碳库的个体和组合效应，并将它们的相互作用分类为可加性（个体效应总和）、拮抗性（低于预期）或协同性（高于预期）。单施氮肥主要增加POC 30 %，使总有机碳增加11 %。无论是单独施用还是与矿质氮联合施用，有机质的投入均增加了POC和MAOC，其中氮和有机质的综合投入主要表现为加性效应——POC和MAOC分别增加了87% %和24% %。MAOC动态受土壤和管理因素的影响，其响应具有时间依赖性，并受到初始SOC含量和ph的强烈调节。在低碳（<16 g kg⁻¹）和碱性土壤中，MAOC的短期增加尤为明显。土壤POC主要受管理因素的影响，特别是碳源类型和施用时间的相互作用，前6年粪肥共施加速了土壤POC的快速积累。全球预测表明，POC有很大的增长潜力，特别是在东南亚和欧洲，而MAOC的增长仍然受到空间限制。总体而言，尽管N和OM输入并不总是产生协同效应，但组合应用通常优于单独输入，并且能够在短时间内增加POC和MAOC，这强调了上下文相关的集成管理在有效增加多个SOC池的封存方面的优势。
{"title":"Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in cropland soils: Meta-analysis of management effects","authors":"Ranran Zhou , Yanfang Xue , Amit Kumar , Anna Gunina , Jun Ling , Zhenling Cui , Yakov Kuzyakov , Jing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC), a critical component of terrestrial carbon storage, can be classified into particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), which differ in both stability and sensitivity to management. POC is dynamic and accumulates rapidly, whereas MAOC is more stable and critical for long-term sequestration, making their simultaneous increase a major challenge in agroecosystem management. Here, we synthesized 1702 paired observations from croplands globally to assess the individual and combined effects of nitrogen (N) and organic matter (OM) inputs on SOC pools, classifying their interactions as additive (sum of individual effects), antagonistic (less than expected), or synergistic (greater than expected). N fertilization alone primarily increased POC by 30 %, contributing to an 11 % rise in total SOC. OM inputs, whether applied alone or in combination with mineral N, increased both POC and MAOC, with integrated N and OM inputs showing predominantly additive effects—increasing POC and MAOC by 87 % and 24 %, respectively. MAOC dynamics were influenced by both edaphic and management factors, with responses being time-dependent and strongly modulated by initial SOC content and pH. Short-term increases in MAOC were particularly evident in low-carbon (<16 g kg⁻¹) and alkaline soils. In contrast, POC was mainly governed by management factors, particularly the interactions between carbon source type and application duration, with manure co-application accelerating rapid accumulation within the first six years. Global projections indicated substantial potential for POC increases, especially in Southeast Asia and Europe, whereas MAOC gains remained spatially constrained. Overall, although N and OM inputs did not consistently yield synergistic effects, combined applications generally outperformed individual inputs and were able to increase POC and MAOC over short timescales, underscoring the advantages of context-dependent integrated management for efficiently increasing sequestration across multiple SOC pools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219
Paula Rodríguez , Verónica Cruz Alonso , Silvina Romano , Gimena Bustamante , Rosina Soler
Forests under livestock grazing sustain important ecosystem services but face potential trade-offs between production and ecological integrity. While the effects of grazing on individual forest attributes are well documented, their integrated consequences remain poorly understood, particularly in temperate forest ecosystems. We evaluated the combined influence of livestock grazing intensity and canopy cover on individual attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in native Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Across eight ranches spanning two agroecological regions (Ecotone and Mountain Range), we quantified forest regeneration, understorey richness and biomass, and soil properties, integrating them into a multifunctionality index. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found strong context-dependence: in the Mountain Range, higher grazing intensity reduced seedling and sapling density, organic matter content, coarse woody debris, and overall multifunctionality. In the Ecotone, these effects of livestock use intensity were attenuated, and canopy cover diminished sapling density and multifunctionality, but moderate cover enhanced understorey. Our results extend multifunctionality research from grazed grasslands to grazed temperate forests and show that ecological responses and trade-offs vary across landscape units. We conclude that the Mountain Range is more vulnerable to grazing, requiring stricter management, whereas the Ecotone retains greater capacity to sustain multifunctionality under controlled livestock use intensity. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific silvopastoral strategies that reconcile food production with forest conservation in southern Patagonia and comparable temperate forest landscapes worldwide.
畜牧业下的森林维持着重要的生态系统服务，但面临着生产与生态完整性之间的潜在权衡。虽然放牧对个别森林属性的影响有充分的记录，但其综合后果仍然知之甚少，特别是在温带森林生态系统中。以阿根廷火地岛（Tierra del Fuego）原生林为研究对象，研究了家畜放牧强度和林冠覆盖对原生林个体属性和生态系统多功能性的综合影响。在跨越两个农业生态区（过渡带和山脉）的8个牧场中，我们量化了森林更新、林下植被丰富度和生物量以及土壤性质，并将它们整合成一个多功能指数。利用广义线性混合模型，我们发现了强烈的环境依赖性：在山地，较高的放牧强度降低了幼苗和幼树密度、有机质含量、粗木屑和整体多功能性。在交错带，这些效应减弱，冠层覆盖降低了树苗密度和多功能性，但适度覆盖增加了林下覆盖度。我们的研究结果将多功能性研究从放牧草原扩展到放牧温带森林，并表明生态响应和权衡在景观单元之间存在差异。我们的结论是，山脉更容易受到放牧的影响，需要更严格的管理，而过渡带在控制牲畜使用强度的情况下保持更大的维持多功能的能力。这些发现强调了在南巴塔哥尼亚和世界范围内可比较的温带森林景观中协调粮食生产与森林保护的区域特定森林战略的重要性。
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Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110202
Zhi Quan , Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa , Bin Huang , Xue Li , Chenxia Su , Yanzhi Wang , Xin Chen , Yunting Fang
Agricultural soils are major sources of reactive nitrogen (N) gases, yet distinguishing fertilizer-derived emissions from those originating in the soil remains a key challenge for accurate N management. We conducted an in situ15N tracing experiment in a maize field in Northeast China using 15N-labeled urea (49.7 % 15N, 200 kg N ha⁻¹), integrating passive adsorption and static chamber techniques to quantify source-specific emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The results revealed distinct timing in the peak emissions of these N gases. NH3 emission peaked first (6.4 kg N ha⁻¹ cumulative loss) and was mainly driven by soil ammonium levels whereas subsequent NO (3.8 kg N ha⁻¹) and N2O (1.4 kg N ha⁻¹) peaks were primarily regulated by temperature and soil nitrate availability. The synchronous bimodal 15N dynamics of NO and N₂O indicated coupled nitrification-denitrification processes, with higher 15N enrichment in NO (mean 20 %) than in N2O (11 %), suggesting stronger nitrification control on NO production. Fertilizer-derived N accounted for 67 %, 52 %, and 30 % of total NH3, NO, and N2O emissions, respectively. However, fertilizer-induced soil N transformations via priming and legacy effects led to underestimation of the total influence of fertilizer in 15N tracing. These findings challenge conventional emission factor models, which may overlook indirect N emissions from agricultural inputs, and highlight the need to incorporate soil N priming and legacy dynamics into agricultural N footprint assessments.
农业土壤是活性氮(N)气体的主要来源，然而区分来自土壤的肥料排放仍然是准确氮管理的关键挑战。我们在中国东北的玉米田进行了15N原位示踪实验，使用15N标记的尿素（49.7 % 15N, 200 kg N ha⁻¹），结合被动吸附和静态室技术来量化氨（NH3）、一氧化氮（NO）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的源特异性排放。结果显示，这些N气体的峰值排放时间明显不同。NH3排放量首先达到峰值（6.4 kg N ha⁻¹累积损失），主要受土壤铵含量的驱动，而随后的NO（3.8 kg N ha⁻¹）和N2O（1.4 kg N ha⁻¹）峰值主要受温度和土壤硝酸盐可用性的调节。NO和N₂O的同步双峰15N动力学表明了耦合的硝化-反硝化过程，NO中的15N富集（平均20 %）高于N2O(11 %)，表明硝化对NO的产生有更强的控制作用。肥料衍生的N分别占NH3、NO和N2O总排放量的67 %、52 %和30 %。然而，通过启动效应和遗留效应引起的肥料诱导土壤氮转化导致低估了肥料在15N示踪中的总影响。这些发现挑战了传统的排放因子模型，这些模型可能忽略了农业投入的间接氮排放，并强调了将土壤氮激发和遗留动态纳入农业氮足迹评估的必要性。
{"title":"In situ 15N tracer quantification of fertilizer- and soil-derived NH3, NO, and N2O emissions in maize fields","authors":"Zhi Quan , Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa , Bin Huang , Xue Li , Chenxia Su , Yanzhi Wang , Xin Chen , Yunting Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural soils are major sources of reactive nitrogen (N) gases, yet distinguishing fertilizer-derived emissions from those originating in the soil remains a key challenge for accurate N management. We conducted an <em>in situ</em> <sup>15</sup>N tracing experiment in a maize field in Northeast China using <sup>15</sup>N-labeled urea (49.7 % <sup>15</sup>N, 200 kg N ha⁻¹), integrating passive adsorption and static chamber techniques to quantify source-specific emissions of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). The results revealed distinct timing in the peak emissions of these N gases. NH<sub>3</sub> emission peaked first (6.4 kg N ha⁻¹ cumulative loss) and was mainly driven by soil ammonium levels whereas subsequent NO (3.8 kg N ha⁻¹) and N<sub>2</sub>O (1.4 kg N ha⁻¹) peaks were primarily regulated by temperature and soil nitrate availability. The synchronous bimodal <sup>15</sup>N dynamics of NO and N₂O indicated coupled nitrification-denitrification processes, with higher <sup>15</sup>N enrichment in NO (mean 20 %) than in N<sub>2</sub>O (11 %), suggesting stronger nitrification control on NO production. Fertilizer-derived N accounted for 67 %, 52 %, and 30 % of total NH<sub>3</sub>, NO, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, respectively. However, fertilizer-induced soil N transformations via priming and legacy effects led to underestimation of the total influence of fertilizer in <sup>15</sup>N tracing. These findings challenge conventional emission factor models, which may overlook indirect N emissions from agricultural inputs, and highlight the need to incorporate soil N priming and legacy dynamics into agricultural N footprint assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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