Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献_第9页

Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in cropland soils: Meta-analysis of management effects 农田土壤中的颗粒和矿物相关有机质：管理效果的荟萃分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110218

Ranran Zhou , Yanfang Xue , Amit Kumar , Anna Gunina , Jun Ling , Zhenling Cui , Yakov Kuzyakov , Jing Tian

Soil organic carbon (SOC), a critical component of terrestrial carbon storage, can be classified into particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), which differ in both stability and sensitivity to management. POC is dynamic and accumulates rapidly, whereas MAOC is more stable and critical for long-term sequestration, making their simultaneous increase a major challenge in agroecosystem management. Here, we synthesized 1702 paired observations from croplands globally to assess the individual and combined effects of nitrogen (N) and organic matter (OM) inputs on SOC pools, classifying their interactions as additive (sum of individual effects), antagonistic (less than expected), or synergistic (greater than expected). N fertilization alone primarily increased POC by 30 %, contributing to an 11 % rise in total SOC. OM inputs, whether applied alone or in combination with mineral N, increased both POC and MAOC, with integrated N and OM inputs showing predominantly additive effects—increasing POC and MAOC by 87 % and 24 %, respectively. MAOC dynamics were influenced by both edaphic and management factors, with responses being time-dependent and strongly modulated by initial SOC content and pH. Short-term increases in MAOC were particularly evident in low-carbon (<16 g kg⁻¹) and alkaline soils. In contrast, POC was mainly governed by management factors, particularly the interactions between carbon source type and application duration, with manure co-application accelerating rapid accumulation within the first six years. Global projections indicated substantial potential for POC increases, especially in Southeast Asia and Europe, whereas MAOC gains remained spatially constrained. Overall, although N and OM inputs did not consistently yield synergistic effects, combined applications generally outperformed individual inputs and were able to increase POC and MAOC over short timescales, underscoring the advantages of context-dependent integrated management for efficiently increasing sequestration across multiple SOC pools.

土壤有机碳（SOC）是陆地碳储量的重要组成部分，可分为颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC），两者在稳定性和管理敏感性上存在差异。POC是动态的，积累迅速，而MAOC则更稳定，对长期封存至关重要，这使得它们的同步增加成为农业生态系统管理的主要挑战。在此，我们综合了来自全球农田的1702个配对观测结果，以评估氮(N)和有机质（OM）输入对有机碳库的个体和组合效应，并将它们的相互作用分类为可加性（个体效应总和）、拮抗性（低于预期）或协同性（高于预期）。单施氮肥主要增加POC 30 %，使总有机碳增加11 %。无论是单独施用还是与矿质氮联合施用，有机质的投入均增加了POC和MAOC，其中氮和有机质的综合投入主要表现为加性效应——POC和MAOC分别增加了87% %和24% %。MAOC动态受土壤和管理因素的影响，其响应具有时间依赖性，并受到初始SOC含量和ph的强烈调节。在低碳（<16 g kg⁻¹）和碱性土壤中，MAOC的短期增加尤为明显。土壤POC主要受管理因素的影响，特别是碳源类型和施用时间的相互作用，前6年粪肥共施加速了土壤POC的快速积累。全球预测表明，POC有很大的增长潜力，特别是在东南亚和欧洲，而MAOC的增长仍然受到空间限制。总体而言，尽管N和OM输入并不总是产生协同效应，但组合应用通常优于单独输入，并且能够在短时间内增加POC和MAOC，这强调了上下文相关的集成管理在有效增加多个SOC池的封存方面的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon in above- and belowground harvest residues of silage maize under contrasting nutrient regimes 不同营养条件下青贮玉米地上、地下收获残余物的碳含量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110243

Azhar Zhartybayeva , Bent T. Christensen , Jørgen Eriksen , Axel Don , Johannes L. Jensen

Models simulating management-induced changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils typically rely on crop-specific above- and belowground C inputs based on harvest yields and allometric functions. However, experimental data supporting these functions over a range of yield levels induced by different nutrient regimes are scarce. This study addresses this gap by quantifying above- and belowground harvest residues of silage maize grown in the Askov long-term experiment and subject to mineral fertilizers and animal manure applied at different levels (deficient, suboptimal, optimal, and over-optimal). Two methodological approaches (coring and excavation) were combined to quantify macro-root biomass (≥ 425 µm) in the 0–30 cm soil layer. Nutrient regime had a significant effect on maize harvest yield, but no significant effect on stubble and root biomass C was detected. The measured total above- and belowground C in harvest residues for silage maize grown with suboptimal to over-optimal nutrient supply averaged 1.67 Mg C ha⁻¹ without including rhizodeposition. Based on a single site and one experimental year, our results suggest that soil C models may better rely on fixed C inputs from maize stubble and roots, independent of nutrient regime and harvest yield, rather than on yield-dependent allometrics. Measurements of above- and belowground harvest residues in silage maize are rare, and further studies are needed to verify the estimation of C inputs for soil C modelling.

模拟农业土壤中由管理引起的土壤有机碳储量变化的模型通常依赖于基于收获产量和异速生长函数的特定作物的地上和地下碳输入。然而，在不同营养制度诱导的产量水平范围内支持这些功能的实验数据很少。本研究通过量化在Askov长期试验中种植的青贮玉米的地上和地下收获残留物，并对施用不同水平（不足、次优、最优和过优）的矿物肥料和动物粪便进行处理，解决了这一差距。采用取心和开挖两种方法对0-30 cm土层的宏观根系生物量（≥425 µm）进行量化。营养制度对玉米收获产量有显著影响，但对残茬和根系生物量C无显著影响。在不包括根沉积的情况下，在营养供应次优到过优的青贮玉米收获残留物中测定的地上和地下总碳平均为1.67 Mg C ha - 1。基于单一地点和一个试验年，我们的研究结果表明，土壤C模型可能更好地依赖于玉米残茬和根系的固定C输入，而不依赖于养分制度和收获产量，而不是依赖于产量的异速生长。青贮玉米地上和地下收获残留物的测量很少，需要进一步的研究来验证土壤C模型中C输入的估计。

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引用次数: 0

Land use influences prokaryotes more than fungi in adjacent hedgerow soils 土地利用对邻近植物篱土壤中原核生物的影响大于真菌

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110238

Luís Felipe Guandalin Zagatto, Valerie L. Kalle, Tanja Bakx-Schotman, Ciska Raaijmakers, Koen J.F. Verhoeven, Dina in 't Zandt, Wim H. van der Putten

Intensive agricultural practices decrease aboveground and belowground biodiversity with an impact on ecosystem functioning. The planting of hedgerows has been advocated as a way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, but little is known about the effects of the adjacent land use on hedgerow biodiversity. Here, we show that the adjacent agricultural land use influences the composition, structure, and complexity of soil microbial communities underneath hedgerows that have been in place for more than hundred years. In the Maasheggen UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, we examined hedgerows adjacent to three land use types: low-intensity conservation grasslands, high-intensity production grasslands, and croplands. Soil samples were collected from both the center of the fields and underneath two adjacent hedgerows to analyze soil chemistry and microbial community composition, diversity, structure, and complexity. Our results show that hedgerow soils supported more complex and interconnected microbial communities than adjacent fields. Additionally, prokaryotic communities were highly responsive to land use, particularly to arable croplands, and prokaryote composition in hedgerows largely resembled that of the adjacent fields. In contrast, fungal communities consistently differed between hedgerows and adjacent fields, although hedgerows next to croplands hosted a fungal community that differed from hedgerows next to grasslands. We conclude that the community composition of prokaryotes in hedgerow soil was under strong control of adjacent field management, whereas fungal community composition was far less affected. Moreover, hedgerow soils harbored structurally more complex microbial communities than adjacent fields that were used for high-intensity agriculture. Further studies are needed to analyze costs and benefits of hedgerow soils for providing ecosystem services.

集约化农业实践减少了地上和地下生物多样性，影响了生态系统功能。植物篱的种植一直被认为是增加农业景观生物多样性的一种方式，但人们对邻近土地利用对植物篱生物多样性的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们表明邻近的农业用地利用影响了已经存在了100多年的植物篱下土壤微生物群落的组成、结构和复杂性。在联合国教科文组织Maasheggen生物圈保护区，我们研究了三种土地利用类型附近的绿篱：低强度保护草地、高强度生产草地和农田。从农田中心和相邻的两个植物篱下采集土壤样本，分析土壤化学和微生物群落组成、多样性、结构和复杂性。我们的研究结果表明，植物篱土壤比邻近农田支持更复杂和相互联系的微生物群落。此外，原核生物群落对土地利用具有高度的响应，特别是对耕地的响应，并且植物篱中的原核生物组成与邻近农田的原核生物组成基本相似。相比之下，真菌群落在树篱和邻近的田地之间一直存在差异，尽管靠近农田的树篱与靠近草地的树篱拥有不同的真菌群落。综上所述，植物篱土壤中原核生物群落组成受邻近田间管理的强烈控制，而真菌群落组成受影响较小。此外，植物篱土壤的微生物群落结构比邻近的高强度农业用地更复杂。需要进一步的研究来分析植物篱土壤提供生态系统服务的成本和效益。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on methane, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes from alpine meadows on eastern Tibetan Plateau 短期禁牧对青藏高原东部高寒草甸甲烷、氧化亚氮和一氧化氮通量的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110259

Xiao Chen , Rui Wang , Lei Ma , Han Zhang , Zhisheng Yao , Kai Wang , Wei Zhang , Siqi Li , Shenghui Han , Chunyan Liu , Yong Li , Xunhua Zheng

Short-term grazing prohibition (STGP) is a common practice to restore degraded alpine meadows. But its effects on emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and reactive nitrogen gases remain ambiguous, particularly regarding year-round dynamics and net climate impacts. Here, we address these knowledge gaps by investigating STGP′s influence on methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau with a field trial comparing the conventionally grazed and short-term-ungrazed treatments. Using static opaque chamber methods, we year-roundly measured dynamical fluxes of these gases in the second full year of grazing prohibition. However, the net climate impact of STGP remains uncertain due to the lack of diurnal flux measurements and concurrent CO₂ exchange data. The STGP practice significantly (P < 0.001) increased CH₄ uptake by ₄8 % annually and by 51 % in growing season. It significantly (P < 0.001) raised N₂O emissions by 124 % annually and by 191 % in non-growing season while obviously (P < 0.05) reducing NO emissions by about 63 % in growing season. Notably, the STGP-stimulated N₂O emissions surged by 288 % during freeze-thaw periods (P < 0.001). In addition, STGP tended to reduce temperature sensitivity for CH₄ uptakes in non-growing season and for N₂O and NO emissions in growing season. Notably, the CO₂-equivalent balance reveals a trade-off: while the aggregate of CH₄ and N₂O remained a net sink at the 20-year horizon, it shifted to a source at the 100-year horizon, with STGP increasing the net positive emission by nearly 5-fold. This suggests that the climate benefit of enhanced CH₄ uptake could be offset by intensified N₂O emissions over the long term. However, the net climate impact of STGP still remains uncertain due to methodological constraints, including the use of static opaque chambers (which exclude diurnal and plant‑mediated fluxes) and the lack of simultaneous CO₂ exchange measurements. Future studies integrating complementary methods and longer‑term monitoring are needed to fully quantify STGP′s impact on net ecosystem GHG balance.

短期禁牧是恢复退化高寒草甸的常用措施。但其对温室气体（GHG）和活性氮排放的影响仍不明确，特别是在全年动态和净气候影响方面。在此，我们通过比较常规放牧和短期不放牧的田间试验，研究了STGP对青藏高原高寒草甸甲烷（CH4）、氧化亚氮（N2O）和一氧化氮（NO）的影响，以解决这些知识空白。采用静态不透明室方法，在禁牧第二年全年对这些气体的动态通量进行了全年测量。然而，由于缺乏日通量测量和同步的CO2交换数据，STGP的净气候影响仍然不确定。STGP做法显著（P <； 0.001）增加了每年48 %的CH4吸收量，在生长季节增加了51 %。显著（P <； 0.001）提高N2O年排放量124 %，非生长期显著（P <； 0.05）降低NO年排放量约63 %。值得注意的是，在冻融期间，stgp刺激的N2O排放量激增了288 % （P <； 0.001）。此外，STGP有降低非生长季CH4吸收和生长季N2O和NO排放温度敏感性的趋势。值得注意的是，co2当量平衡揭示了一种权衡：虽然CH4和N2O的总量在20年水平上仍然是净汇，但它在100年水平上转变为源，STGP使净正排放增加了近5倍。这表明，从长期来看，CH4吸收增加的气候效益可能被N2O排放增加所抵消。然而，由于方法上的限制，包括使用静态不透明室（不包括日通量和植物介导的通量）和缺乏同步的二氧化碳交换测量，STGP的净气候影响仍然不确定。未来的研究需要整合互补方法和长期监测，以充分量化STGP对生态系统净温室气体平衡的影响。

{"title":"Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on methane, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes from alpine meadows on eastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xiao Chen , Rui Wang , Lei Ma , Han Zhang , Zhisheng Yao , Kai Wang , Wei Zhang , Siqi Li , Shenghui Han , Chunyan Liu , Yong Li , Xunhua Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-term grazing prohibition (STGP) is a common practice to restore degraded alpine meadows. But its effects on emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and reactive nitrogen gases remain ambiguous, particularly regarding year-round dynamics and net climate impacts. Here, we address these knowledge gaps by investigating STGP′s influence on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and nitric oxide (NO) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau with a field trial comparing the conventionally grazed and short-term-ungrazed treatments. Using static opaque chamber methods, we year-roundly measured dynamical fluxes of these gases in the second full year of grazing prohibition. However, the net climate impact of STGP remains uncertain due to the lack of diurnal flux measurements and concurrent CO<sub>2</sub> exchange data. The STGP practice significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.001) increased CH<sub>4</sub> uptake by <sub>4</sub>8 % annually and by 51 % in growing season. It significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.001) raised N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 124 % annually and by 191 % in non-growing season while obviously (<em>P</em> < 0.05) reducing NO emissions by about 63 % in growing season. Notably, the STGP-stimulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions surged by 288 % during freeze-thaw periods (<em>P</em> < 0.001). In addition, STGP tended to reduce temperature sensitivity for CH<sub>4</sub> uptakes in non-growing season and for N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions in growing season. Notably, the CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent balance reveals a trade-off: while the aggregate of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O remained a net sink at the 20-year horizon, it shifted to a source at the 100-year horizon, with STGP increasing the net positive emission by nearly 5-fold. This suggests that the climate benefit of enhanced CH<sub>4</sub> uptake could be offset by intensified N<sub>2</sub>O emissions over the long term. However, the net climate impact of STGP still remains uncertain due to methodological constraints, including the use of static opaque chambers (which exclude diurnal and plant‑mediated fluxes) and the lack of simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> exchange measurements. Future studies integrating complementary methods and longer‑term monitoring are needed to fully quantify STGP′s impact on net ecosystem GHG balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen sustainability and soil carbon sequestration in fresh grain legume-based rotations: The vital role of the cover crop mixture 新鲜豆类轮作中氮的可持续性和土壤碳固存：覆盖作物混合物的重要作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110206

Zhi Liang , Juliana Trindade Martins , Leanne Peixoto , Kirsten Lønne Enggrob , Chiara De Notaris , Jim Rasmussen

Building soil carbon (C) while retaining nitrogen (N) is central to sustainable agriculture. Integrating fresh grain legumes (GLs) with cover crops could achieve both, yet documentation of combined C and N benefits is lacking at the rotation scale. In particular, no study has quantified total C inputs, including root fragments and rhizodeposited C, from both main GLs and cover crops within a single crop sequence. We conducted a two-year rotation in Denmark, comparing fresh GLs (faba bean, pea, pea-barley mixture) with a cereal reference (barley), each followed by two cover crop types (pure ryegrass or a mixture of ryegrass, plantain and chicory) and a subsequent cereal. We tracked N recycling (biological N₂ fixation, soil N availability, residual N fertility) and quantified root fragments and net rhizodeposited C from both main and cover crops (1-m), using a ¹ ³CO₂-labelling approach. Among GLs, faba bean fixed the most atmospheric N₂ and left substantial residual N, that cover crops captured and translated into higher subsequent cereal yields. GLs supplied less belowground C inputs than the barley reference (1 vs. 2 Mg C ha⁻¹), yet the cover crop mixture after faba bean remarkably added up to fivefold C (5 Mg ha⁻¹) that of the preceding main crops. Total C inputs from faba bean-cover crop matched those of the barley-cover crop reference (4–5 vs. 5–6 Mg C ha⁻¹). As the first empirical study, we demonstrated fresh GLs-cover crops, particularly faba bean-cover crop mixture, enhanced C inputs and sustained N recycling.

构建土壤碳(C)同时保持氮(N)是可持续农业的核心。在轮作尺度上，鲜豆科作物与覆盖作物相结合可以同时实现这两种效益，但缺乏碳氮复合效益的文献记录。特别是，没有研究量化单一作物序列中主要GLs和覆盖作物的总碳输入，包括根碎片和根沉积的碳。我们在丹麦进行了为期两年的轮作，将新鲜的GLs（蚕豆、豌豆、豌豆-大麦混合物）与参考谷物（大麦）进行比较，每种作物都有两种覆盖作物类型（纯黑麦草或黑麦草、车前草和菊苣的混合物）和随后的谷物。我们使用¹ ³co2标记方法，跟踪了主要作物和覆盖作物（1 m）的N循环（生物固氮、土壤N有效性、剩余N肥力），并量化了根碎片和净根沉积C。在GLs中，蚕豆固定了最多的大气氮，并留下了大量的剩余氮，这些氮覆盖了作物，并转化为后续更高的谷物产量。GLs提供的地下碳输入量比大麦少（1比2 Mg cha - 1），而蚕豆之后的覆盖作物混合物的碳输入量显著增加，是之前主要作物的5倍（5 Mg hha - 1）。蚕豆覆盖作物的总碳输入量与大麦覆盖作物的相同（4-5 Mg C ha - 1 vs. 5-6 Mg C ha - 1）。作为第一个实证研究，我们证明了新鲜的gls覆盖作物，特别是蚕豆覆盖作物混合物，增加了C投入和持续的N循环。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal patterns of ammonia fluxes on temperate dairy farm production grassland (Lolium perenne L.) 温带奶牛场生产草地氨通量时空格局

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110258

Claudia C. Schwennen , Albert Tietema , Emiel E. van Loon , Klaus S. Larsen , Tamar Tulp , Bram Ebben , Roland Bol , S. Henrik Barmentlo

The nitrogen cycle is significantly altered by agricultural activities such as animal husbandry and fertilization, which can turn the landscape from a natural sink of ammonia (NH₃) to a net source. Ammonia fluxes at broader spatiotemporal scales have been well studied, however, smaller-scale, point source studies are needed to quantify atmosphere-biosphere nitrogen balances around individual agricultural sources such as extensively managed production grassland. The aim of this study was to quantify the spatiotemporal variation in NH₃ fluxes on dairy farm production grassland (Lolium perenne L.) throughout a full year. We focused on the dairy stable as a point emission source, as well as on the management practices (such as slurry application) performed by farmers. The temporal variation in NH₃ fluxes was assessed using novel automated dynamic flux chambers adapted for NH₃. Manual flux chambers were deployed to determine spatial variation. While fluxes did vary spatially, we found significant losses of NH₃ (99.6 %) during the growing and harvesting season (March to September). This was largely attributed to substantial emission rates directly after slurry application while net emission/deposition was close to zero during late-fall and winter. Overall, the net annual NH₃-N emission of this production grassland was 12 kg ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. Post slurry application emissions were especially high during warm and dry weather conditions. Optimizing the timing of fertilization application according to local weather conditions can therefore serve as a management practice to limit NH₃ emission, benefitting both farmers and the natural environment.

农业活动（如畜牧业和施肥）显著改变了氮循环，这可能使景观从氨（NH3）的自然汇变为净源。在更广泛的时空尺度上，氨通量已经得到了很好的研究，然而，需要更小尺度的点源研究来量化单个农业来源（如广泛管理的生产草地）周围的大气-生物圈氮平衡。本研究旨在定量分析奶牛场生产草地（Lolium perenne L.）一年四季NH3通量的时空变化。我们将重点放在作为点排放源的奶牛场，以及由农民执行的管理实践（如泥浆应用）上。采用新型自动动态通量室对NH3通量的时间变化进行了评估。采用人工通量室确定空间变化。NH3在生长和收获季节（3 - 9月）损失显著（99.6 %），但在空间上存在差异。这在很大程度上归因于泥浆施用后的大量排放率，而秋末和冬季的净排放/沉积接近于零。总体而言，该生产草地年净NH3-N排放量为12 kg ha−1 y−1。在温暖和干燥的天气条件下，浆液施用后的排放尤其高。因此，根据当地天气条件优化施肥时间可以作为限制NH3排放的管理实践，使农民和自然环境都受益。

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引用次数: 0

Crop rotation impacts on SOC fraction contents and stability: Insights from a global meta-analysis 作物轮作对土壤有机碳含量和稳定性的影响：来自全球元分析的见解

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110128

Samuel Adingo , Rui Jiang , Zichun Guo , Fahui Jiang , Lei Gao , Jianli Liu , Shuai Liu , Xinhua Peng

Crop rotation (CR) is widely recognized as a sustainable agricultural practice that enhances soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and maintains soil health. However, the specific effects of CR on distinct SOC fractions and SOC stability in cropland soils remain largely unexplored. We synthesized 44 studies comprising 196 paired observations from Asia, Africa, and Europe to quantify CR effects on SOC fraction contents (particulate organic carbon, POC, and mineral-associated organic carbon, MAOC), as well as its stability across climate-soil-management contexts. Relative to continuous monocropping (MC), CR increased SOC, POC, and MAOC contents by 11.83 %, 23.56 %, and 8.57 %, respectively, and on average increased the SOC stability (indicated by POC/MAOC ratio, hereafter P/M) by 16.25 %, indicating a larger labile share at the global mean. However, subgroup analysis reveals conditions under which CR reduced the P/M ratio. Notably, CR increased SOC and its fractions but tended to reduce the P/M ratios at high temperatures and in humid regions. CR increased SOC and MAOC in acidic soils, while it enhanced POC in neutral soils relative to MC. Positive effects of CR on SOC, its fractions, and stability were observed in high initial SOC and loamy soils for POC and clayey soils for SOC, MAOC, and SOC stability. The opposite trend was observed in low initial SOC and sandy soils. The random forest results showed that changes in SOC fractions were predominantly regulated by climatic factors, while MAOC, POC, and the P/M ratio were more responsive to soil properties and agronomic practices, respectively. These findings argue for region-specific, diversified rotations paired with practices that channel inputs into MAOC to lower the P/M ratio. Incorporating the P/M ratio into monitoring, reporting, and verification complements total stock accounting by identifying systems that build durable carbon.

作物轮作是一种促进土壤有机碳积累和保持土壤健康的可持续农业方式。然而，CR对农田土壤有机碳组分和稳定性的具体影响仍未得到充分研究。我们综合了44项研究，包括来自亚洲、非洲和欧洲的196个成对观测结果，以量化CR对有机碳组分含量（颗粒有机碳、POC和矿物相关有机碳、MAOC）的影响，以及其在气候-土壤管理背景下的稳定性。与连续单作相比，连续单作使土壤有机碳（SOC）、有机碳（POC）和有机碳（MAOC）含量分别提高了11.83 %、23.56 %和8.57 %，土壤有机碳稳定性（以POC/MAOC比值表示，以下简称P/M）平均提高了16.25 %，在全球平均水平上具有更大的不稳定份额。然而，亚组分析揭示了CR降低市盈率的条件。在高温和潮湿地区，CR增加了有机碳及其组分，但有降低P/M比的趋势。相对于MC， CR提高了酸性土壤的SOC和MAOC，提高了中性土壤的POC。在高初始SOC和壤土中，CR对SOC、组分和稳定性有积极影响，而在粘性土壤中，CR对SOC、MAOC和SOC稳定性有积极影响。低初始有机碳和沙质土壤则相反。随机森林研究结果表明，土壤有机碳组分的变化主要受气候因子的调控，而MAOC、POC和P/M分别受土壤性质和农艺措施的影响。这些发现支持针对特定区域的多样化轮换，并结合将投入引入MAOC以降低市盈率的做法。将P/M比率纳入监测、报告和验证中，通过识别构建持久碳的系统来补充总库存会计。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation management on an Oregon livestock ranch supports net soil carbon and nitrogen storage 俄勒冈州畜牧场的保护管理支持土壤净碳和氮储存

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110182

Samuel W. Valliere , David E. Prado-Tarango , Jennifer M. Moore , Serkan Ates , Ricardo Mata-González

Rangelands are the world’s largest terrestrial ecosystems, covering 30 % of the ice-free land surface. Accurately monitoring their carbon status is essential for managing these ecosystems sustainably. We monitored soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in an Oregon, USA livestock ranch of 13,080 ha with a 20-year history of land conservation management. Soil samples (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) were collected twice a year from 2020 to 2023. We found that soil carbon increased 2.5–5.1 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ during this sampling period and nitrogen stocks increased at a rate of 0.4–0.7 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. We also used the COMET-Farm™ model to estimate the ranch’s net carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide emissions (reported in CO₂ equivalents; CO₂e) based on past and current management practices and explored future management scenarios implementing legume seeding and stocking rate modifications. We modeled net CO₂e from current management practices, which involved crops (on 660 ha of the ranch), grazing, and livestock operations. The 1266 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹ released from the land under cropland and from livestock were offset by carbon sequestered in the grazing lands (-0.33 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ or 4076 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹). When scaled across the entire ranch, this translated to a net offset of 0.21 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ or −2809.7 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹. Our data suggest that the current sustainable management practices may have a positive impact on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, helping to mitigate climate variability; yet the lack of a control treatment limits the extrapolation of our results.

牧场是世界上最大的陆地生态系统，覆盖了30% %的无冰陆地表面。准确监测它们的碳状况对于可持续地管理这些生态系统至关重要。我们监测了美国俄勒冈州一个拥有20年土地保护管理历史的13,080 ha畜牧业牧场的土壤碳和氮储量。土壤样品（0 ~ 20 cm和20 ~ 40 cm）于2020 ~ 2023年每年采集两次。研究发现，在此采样期间，土壤碳增加了2.5-5.1 Mg ha−1 yr−1，氮储量增加了0.4-0.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1。我们还基于过去和当前的管理实践，使用COMET-Farm™模型估算了牧场的净二氧化碳（CO2）和一氧化二氮排放量（以CO2当量报告；CO2e），并探索了实施豆科植物播种和放养率调整的未来管理方案。我们从目前的管理实践中模拟了净二氧化碳当量，其中包括作物（660 公顷的牧场）、放牧和牲畜经营。从农田和牲畜中释放的1266 Mg CO2e每年−1被放牧地的固碳所抵消（-0.33 Mg CO2e每年−1或4076 Mg CO2e每年−1）。当按比例计算到整个牧场时，其净抵消量为0.21 Mg CO2e ha - 1 year - 1或- 2809.7 Mg CO2e year - 1。我们的数据表明，当前的可持续管理措施可能对土壤碳和氮储量产生积极影响，有助于缓解气候变率；然而，缺乏对照治疗限制了我们结果的外推。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term herbicide residues compromise nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic community stability in agricultural black soils 长期除草剂残留影响农业黑土固氮和重氮营养群落的稳定

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110160

Hongzhe Wang , Wenjie Ren , Yongfeng Xu , Yi Sun , Wenbo Hu , Yanning Li , Yuqi Huang , Tao Chen , Ying Teng

The widespread use of herbicides may threaten biological nitrogen fixation, a key process for maintaining nitrogen availability in agroecosystems. However, the effects of long-term, low-dose herbicide residue exposure on diazotrophic communities and nitrogen fixation under field conditions remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of long-term exposure to low-dose combined herbicide residues on diazotrophic community characteristics and the soil nitrogen fixation rate (NFR) in agricultural black soils of Northeast China with over 20 years of herbicide application. High herbicide residue concentrations (HG; >310 μg/kg) significantly reduced nifH gene abundance, diazotrophic diversity, and NFR (p < 0.05). Herbicide-tolerant taxa were more abundant in soils with HG soils, whereas nitrogen-fixing functional taxa dominated in low herbicide residue concentrations (LG). Co-occurrence network and assembly analyses revealed that herbicide exposure altered diazotrophic community structure, promoted deterministic assembly processes, and narrowed ecological niche breadth. Total herbicide concentration was the strongest predictor of NFR. Overall, these findings demonstrate that long-term herbicide residues impair nitrogen fixation by disrupting the structure, assembly, and ecological strategies of diazotrophic communities, highlighting the need for more sustainable herbicide management to preserve belowground nitrogen cycling in black soil agroecosystems.

除草剂的广泛使用可能威胁到生物固氮作用，而生物固氮作用是维持农业生态系统氮有效性的关键过程。然而，长期低剂量除草剂残留暴露对农田重氮营养群落和固氮作用的影响尚不清楚。研究了长期暴露低剂量复合除草剂对东北黑土重氮营养群落特征和土壤固氮率的影响。高除草剂残留浓度（HG; >310 μg/kg）显著降低了nifH基因丰度、重氮营养多样性和NFR （p <； 0.05）。抗除草剂类群在含汞土壤中较为丰富，而固氮功能类群在低除草剂残留浓度（LG）土壤中占优势。共现网络和装配分析表明，除草剂暴露改变了重氮营养群落结构，促进了确定性装配过程，并缩小了生态位宽度。总除草剂浓度是NFR的最强预测因子。总之，这些研究结果表明，长期除草剂残留通过破坏重氮营养群落的结构、组合和生态策略来破坏固氮，强调需要更可持续的除草剂管理来保护黑土农业生态系统的地下氮循环。

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引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon availability determines the role of crop straws in regulating N2O emissions from maize agroecosystems 土壤有机碳有效性决定了作物秸秆对玉米农业生态系统N2O排放的调节作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110166

Nan Zhang , Zengming Chen , Ye Li , Shiqi Xu , Shujie Miao , Yunfa Qiao , Weixin Ding

Straw return enhances soil quality and cropland sustainability but increases risks of inducing larger nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions due to the simultaneous input of carbon and nitrogen (N). However, the response of N₂O emissions to straw remains controversial, depending on the management-driven dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially its availability. Here, two fields with the same SOC quantity but distinct availability (HCA and LCA, i.e., high vs. low lability) were established with a factorial design of fertilization and straw, to track the straw decomposition, N₂O fluxes, available substrates, and N-cycling microbes. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was integrated with the field experiments to decipher how SOC availability regulates N₂O emissions responding to straw returning. Meta-analysis revealed that SOC availability mediates the effect of straw return on N₂O emissions from maize agroecosystems, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) identified as the primary regulator of response direction and magnitude, and exhibits a negative correlation with N₂O emission response. Consistently, our field experiments showed that straw incorporation combined with fertilization significantly reduced N₂O emissions by 22 % in HCA soils but increased emissions by 55 % in LCA soils. Straw incorporation into HCA facilitated bacterial growth while reducing AOB abundance and ammonium supply, suggesting restricted nitrification due to promotion of N immobilization, which ultimately suppressed N₂O emissions. Conversely, straw in LCA soils exhibited a faster decomposition rate and stimulated denitrifiers (nirS and nirK) metabolism by increasing DOC concentration and biodegradability, leading to increased N₂O emissions. Consequently, the fertilizer-induced N₂O emission factor decreased from 1.53 % to 1.11 % by straw for HCA, while increased from 0.67 % to 1.19 % for LCA. Overall, these findings highlight that SOC availability determines the direction and magnitude of straw’s impact on N₂O emissions, which should be fully considered into sustainable straw management strategies to balance SOC improvement against climate change.

秸秆还田提高了土壤质量和农田的可持续性，但由于碳和氮的同时输入，增加了诱导更多氧化亚氮排放的风险。然而，N2O排放对秸秆的响应仍然存在争议，这取决于管理驱动的土壤有机碳（SOC）动态，特别是其有效性。本研究采用施肥和秸秆的析因设计，建立了两个SOC数量相同但有效度不同的田（HCA和LCA，即高稳定度和低稳定度），以跟踪秸秆分解、N2O通量、有效底物和n循环微生物。此外，通过meta分析与田间试验相结合，揭示了土壤有机碳有效性如何调节秸秆还田对N2O排放的影响。meta分析表明，土壤有机碳有效性调节秸秆还田对玉米农业生态系统N2O排放的影响，其中溶解有机碳（DOC）是响应方向和幅度的主要调节因子，与N2O排放响应呈负相关。与此一致的是，我们的田间试验表明，秸秆还田与施肥相结合显著减少了HCA土壤中22 %的N2O排放，而在LCA土壤中增加了55 %的排放。秸秆掺入HCA促进了细菌生长，同时降低了AOB丰度和铵的供应，表明由于促进了N的固定而限制了硝化作用，最终抑制了N2O的排放。相反，低钙土壤中秸秆的分解速率更快，通过提高DOC浓度和可生物降解性，促进了反硝化菌（nirS和nirK）的代谢，导致N2O排放量增加。结果表明，HCA处理下秸秆N2O排放因子由1.53 %下降至1.11 %，LCA处理下秸秆N2O排放因子由0.67 %上升至1.19 %。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，有机碳有效性决定了秸秆对N2O排放影响的方向和程度，应充分考虑到可持续秸秆管理策略，以平衡有机碳改善与气候变化之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0