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A case-study evaluating river rehabilitation alternatives and habitat heterogeneity using the hydromorphological index of diversity 利用水文形态多样性指数评价河流修复方案和生境异质性的实例研究
Pub Date : 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1680320
W. Gostner, W. Annable, Anton Schleiss, M. Paternolli
Abstract Concurrent rehabilitation alternatives were evaluated for a 1900 m reach of the River Etsch in northern Italy using a recently developed Hydro Morphological Index of Diversity (HMID) model. HMID is a new tool enabling quantitative assessments of river restoration alternatives on ecologically relevant scales. The model is able to characterize both the spatial and temporal hydrodynamic variability, in relation to morphological characteristics, and thereby to assess the overall physical habitat variability imparted by different restoration alternatives. Three habitat alternatives were evaluated (boulder clusters, groynes, alternating bars) and compared to existing conditions where a prismatic channel exists. The placement of boulder clusters represented the simplest and cheapest option to implement but produced marginal improvements in the aquatic habitat. Installation of groynes resulted in moderate increases to spatial habitat variability, resulting in the largest capital investment. The introduction of alternating bars within a modestly increased channel width produced the greatest increase in physical habitat diversity and thus morphodynamic complexity while resulting in moderate capital investment construction costs compared to a full geomorphic restoration. The alternating bar rehabilitation alternative also supported the greatest habitat diversity and lowest variation in hydraulic conditions under low-flow conditions.
利用最近开发的水文形态多样性指数(HMID)模型,对意大利北部埃奇河1900 m河段的并行修复方案进行了评估。HMID是一种新的工具,可以在生态相关尺度上定量评估河流恢复方案。该模型能够描述与形态特征相关的空间和时间水动力变异性,从而评估不同恢复方案所赋予的总体自然生境变异性。评估了三种栖息地选择(巨石群,砾石,交替沙洲),并比较了棱柱状通道存在的现有条件。巨石群的放置是最简单和最便宜的选择,但对水生栖息地的改善甚微。石坝的安装导致空间生境变异性的适度增加,导致最大的资本投资。在适度增加的河道宽度内引入交替沙洲,最大程度地增加了自然栖息地的多样性,从而增加了形态动力学的复杂性,同时与完全的地貌恢复相比,造成了适度的资本投资建设成本。在低流量条件下,交替沙坝修复方案也支持最大的生境多样性和最低的水力条件变化。
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引用次数: 4
International contributions in advancing ecohydraulics 促进生态水力学的国际贡献
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1697846
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引用次数: 0
Advancing ecohydraulics and ecohydrology by clarifying the role of their component interdisciplines 阐明生态水力学与生态水文学交叉学科的作用,推进生态水力学与生态水文学的发展
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1658137
Marie-Pierre Gosselin, V. Ouellet, A. Harby, J. Nestler
Abstract Increasing awareness of the complexity of river ecosystems has led to the emergence of integrative disciplines that combine topics in river physical and ecological processes, exemplified by the disciplines of ecohydrology, hydroecology and ecohydraulics. However, the names of these disciplines are often referred to interchangeably without attention paid to their meaning. This ambiguity impairs the efficient development and widespread promotion of these fields of study and their applications. To address this issue, we strive to clarify the definitions and contributions of the different disciplines. This is done by exploring their interrelationships and providing a reference for the integration of disciplines in these evolving fields. Finally, we advocate for ecohydrology and ecohydraulics to be considered complementary, and not duplicative, disciplines within river science. We further argue that awareness of their similarities and differences is important to address key issues in river science and to ensure ecohydraulics finds its positioning with respect to other disciplines, as well as current and emerging societal and scientific challenges, such as climate change.
随着人们对河流生态系统复杂性认识的提高,出现了将河流物理和生态过程相结合的综合学科,如生态水文学、水文生态学和生态水力学等学科。然而,这些学科的名称经常被互换提及,而没有注意到它们的含义。这种模糊性损害了这些研究领域及其应用的有效发展和广泛推广。为了解决这个问题,我们努力澄清不同学科的定义和贡献。这是通过探索它们之间的相互关系来实现的,并为这些不断发展的领域的学科整合提供参考。最后,我们主张将生态水文学和生态水力学视为河流科学中的互补学科,而不是重复学科。我们进一步认为,意识到它们的异同对于解决河流科学中的关键问题和确保生态水力学找到其相对于其他学科的定位,以及当前和新兴的社会和科学挑战,如气候变化,是很重要的。
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引用次数: 11
Long-term changes in riparian forest cover under a dam-induced flow scheme: the accompanying a numerical modelling perspective 水坝诱导水流方案下河岸森林覆盖的长期变化:伴随的数值模拟视角
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1663714
Bhagya Nallaperuma, T. Asaeda
Abstract River regulation affects downstream riparian vegetation dynamics. This paper investigates changes in vegetation cover along a steep reach of the Kitakami river in Japan, below the Gosho dam. Historical aerial imagery covering 60-years of both the pre- and post- dam construction phases is used to document land cover evolution. Changes in riparian forest cover are evaluated in relation to the corresponding hydrological regimes. A long-term trend in forest cover encroachment was revealed and a temporal correlation analysis confirmed a clear association with the modified water and sediment regime downstream of the dam. In addition, a numerical simulation of changes in spatial tree distribution using the dynamic riparian vegetation model (DRIPVEM) was undertaken. Validation of the simulation using the Kappa statistic showed a moderate-to-substantial agreement between model output and the photographic record.
河流调节影响下游河岸植被动态。本文调查了日本北上河(Kitakami river)陡峭河段的植被覆盖变化,该河段位于Gosho大坝下方。历史航空图像涵盖60年的前后大坝建设阶段被用来记录土地覆盖的演变。河岸森林覆盖的变化是根据相应的水文制度来评估的。森林覆盖侵蚀具有长期趋势,时间相关分析证实了森林覆盖侵蚀与大坝下游水沙状况的改变有明显的联系。此外,利用动态河岸植被模型(DRIPVEM)进行了树木空间分布变化的数值模拟。利用Kappa统计验证的模拟表明,模型输出和摄影记录之间有中等到实质性的一致。
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引用次数: 11
Artificial fishways and their performances in China’s regulated river systems: a historical synthesis 人工鱼道及其在中国河流系统中的应用:历史综合
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1644977
Jinlong Liu, G. Kattel, Zhongjing Wang, Mengzhen Xu
Abstract China‘s rivers are highly regulated. The biodiversity and ecosystems of these rivers are threatened by barriers restricting fish movements for reproduction and foraging. To overcome this challenge, several fishways are built across the country. However, the status of fishways is not well investigated. Based on published articles, library archives, and public interviews, we have identified type, location and period of fishways construction. We have then evaluated the performance of fishways. Up until 2018, the total number of fishways in China was estimated to be 150, where 82 of them have been analyzed in this study. The pool-type fishway is the most dominant fishway type, which accounts for 83%. The slope pattern of the 49 pool-type fishways shows that the slope tends to decrease with increasing lifting height. The performance of the fishways was best observed by the successful crossing of different species of fish in Yangtze and Pearl River basins when the slopes were 1:63–1:95. When many dams in China are already facing critical challenges for adopting the right type of fishways, the pool-type fishways with variable adjustments of slopes could be an effective option for successful fish migrations in regulated river systems.
中国的河流受到高度管制。这些河流的生物多样性和生态系统受到限制鱼类繁殖和觅食活动的障碍的威胁。为了克服这一挑战,在全国各地修建了几条鱼道。然而,鱼道的现状却没有得到很好的调查。根据发表的文章、图书馆档案和公众采访,我们确定了鱼道的类型、位置和建造时间。然后我们评估了鱼道的性能。截至2018年,中国的鱼道总数估计为150条,其中82条在本研究中进行了分析。池型鱼道是最主要的鱼道类型,占83%。49个池型鱼道的坡度规律表明,随着提升高度的增加,坡度有减小的趋势。当坡度为1:63 ~ 1:95时,长江和珠江流域不同鱼种成功穿越鱼道的效果最好。当中国的许多水坝已经面临着采用正确鱼道的严峻挑战时,具有可变坡度调整的池型鱼道可能是在受调节的河流系统中成功实现鱼类洄游的有效选择。
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引用次数: 10
International contributions in advancing ecohydraulics 促进生态水力学的国际贡献
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1697845
S. Fukuda, N. Tanaka, Y. Yasuda, R. Tsubaki, K. Muraoka, T. Asaeda
Ecohydraulics as a research discipline deals with a wide range of topics related to water and ecosystems, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations as pointed out in Findkakis (2017). In Ecohydraulics, interdisciplinary approaches based on hydraulics, hydrology, geomorphology, and aquatic and riparian ecology have been adopted in order to tackle real-world problems in aquatic ecosystems that have complex, inter-related dynamics in space and time (Maddock et al. 2013). The importance of interdisciplinary approaches has now been widely recognized for solving water-related issues in the world specifically by working with nature (WWAP/UN-Water, 2018; Katopodis and Aadland 2006). With such global trends becoming more evident and advances in technology, ecological, biological as well as physical sciences occurring more rapidly, the context was set in organizing the 12 International Symposium on Ecohydraulics (ISE2018) was held in Tokyo, Japan from August 19 to 24, 2018. There was large attendance with a total of 484 participants from 35 countries. More than 400 papers including 6 plenary talks were presented. The plenary talks delivered in the symposium were as follows: “Passage for diadromous fishes” by Prof. Katsumi Tsukamoto (Nihon University, Japan), “Use of nearcensus ecohydraulics in river restoration” by Prof. Gregory B. Pasternack (UC Davis, USA), “How vegetation ecohydrology is changing river management: a primer for all” by Dr. Matthew O’Hare (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), UK), “Genomic tools in freshwater ecosystem research and monitoring” by Dr. Michael Monaghan (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany), “The 2018 Brisbane Declaration and Global Action Agenda: A global status report and call for e-flows scientists and engineers to engage” by Prof. Michael McClain (IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, The Netherlands), and “The Ecohydraulics of River Basins” by Prof. Michael Stewardson (University of Melbourne, Australia). The six keynotes on river vegetation, river restoration, genomics, e-flows and fish passage aimed to provide a deeper understanding of these topics and to foster research activities in the Ecohydraulic Community. Special Sessions, targeting specific ecohydraulic topics, were organized by many ecohydraulicians from around the globe. In addition to these major topics in Ecohydraulics, we observed three emerging topics in the symposium, namely innovative measurement techniques, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR), and advanced genomics. Innovative measurement techniques such as image-based, optoelectronic and hydroacoustic methods are emerging together with the development of advanced machine learning. Such a development should lead to innovative monitoring systems which can provide new data for a deeper understanding of complex ecological and hydrodynamic phenomena as well as the development of advanced modelling approach
生态水力学作为一门研究学科,涉及与水和生态系统相关的广泛主题,从而为Findkakis(2017)指出的联合国可持续发展目标(sdg)做出贡献。在生态水力学中,采用了基于水力学、水文学、地貌学、水生和河岸生态学的跨学科方法,以解决在空间和时间上具有复杂的、相互关联的动态的水生生态系统中的现实问题(Maddock et al. 2013)。跨学科方法的重要性现已得到广泛认可,特别是通过与自然合作来解决世界上与水有关的问题(WWAP/UN-Water, 2018;Katopodis and Aadland 2006)。随着这种全球趋势变得更加明显,技术,生态,生物和物理科学的进步更加迅速,2018年8月19日至24日在日本东京举办了第12届生态水力学国际研讨会(ISE2018)。出席人数众多,共有来自35个国家的484名与会者。会议发表了400多篇论文,其中包括6次全体会议。研讨会的全体会议报告包括:Katsumi Tsukamoto教授(日本大学)的“双生鱼类的通道”、Gregory B. Pasternack教授(美国加州大学戴维斯分校)的“近普查生态水力学在河流恢复中的应用”、植被生态水文如何改变河流管理:Matthew O 'Hare博士(英国生态与水文学中心)的《全民入门》,Michael Monaghan博士(德国莱布尼茨淡水生态与内陆渔业研究所)的《淡水生态系统研究与监测中的基因组工具》,《2018年布里斯班宣言和全球行动议程:Michael McClain教授(荷兰代尔夫特水教育研究所)和Michael Stewardson教授(澳大利亚墨尔本大学)撰写的“河流流域生态水力学”全球现状报告和呼吁电子流量科学家和工程师参与。关于河流植被、河流恢复、基因组学、电子流和鱼类通道的六个主题旨在提供对这些主题的更深层次的理解,并促进生态水力学界的研究活动。来自世界各地的许多生态水力学家组织了针对特定生态水力学主题的特别会议。除了这些生态水力学的主要主题外,我们还观察到研讨会上的三个新兴主题,即创新测量技术,基于生态系统的灾害风险减少(Eco-DRR)和先进基因组学。随着先进机器学习的发展,诸如基于图像、光电和水声的创新测量技术也在不断涌现。这种发展应导致创新的监测系统,可以为更深入地了解复杂的生态和水动力现象以及发展先进的建模方法提供新的数据。在海啸等重大灾害发生后,生态减灾得到了国际社会的广泛关注。平衡绿色和灰色基础设施,并考虑与此类灾害控制系统相关的风险和成本是关键问题之一。环境DNA是生物多样性研究和管理中积极用于环境监测和评价的一种新兴方法。基因组学和生物信息学的进步可以更好地管理人为对生态系统的影响。值得注意的是,生态水力学网络(ECoENet;https://ecoenet。Wordpress.com/)组织了一个有趣的研讨会。年轻的生态水工,包括学生,享受了关于这些演讲者的职业发展的主题演讲和与他们的讲座相关的互动测试,以及与资深和领先的生态水工的圆桌讨论。本次研讨会之后是ECoENet会议,研讨会上有来自各个年龄段的与会者。我们观察到年轻科学家和工程师对生态水力学及其相关主题和活动的兴趣日益浓厚。他们的积极参与应该有助于未来几代生态水力学家作为一个在科学和实践中工作的社区的能力发展。本期《生态水力学杂志》特刊收录了来自生态水力学主要研究领域的论文:
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引用次数: 0
Remote sensing of tracer dye concentrations to support dispersion studies in river channels 对示踪染料浓度的遥感,以支持河道中的分散研究
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1662339
C. Legleiter, R. McDonald, J. Nelson, P. Kinzel, R. Perroy, Donghae Baek, I. Seo
Abstract We evaluated the potential of remote sensing to enhance tracer experiments by providing spatially distributed information on visible dye concentration. During tests in an experimental facility and a large natural channel, we measured Rhodamine WT concentration and spectral reflectance. As an initial proof-of-concept at the River Experiment Center in Korea, a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) was used to acquire hyperspectral images of a sinuous outdoor flume. On the Kootenai River, field spectra were collected from a boat and hyperspectral images and high resolution aerial photographs were obtained from manned aircraft. We modified an Optimal Band Ratio Analysis algorithm to identify wavelength combinations that yielded strong correlations between a spectrally based quantity X and dye concentration C. Both the flume and field tests yielded very strong (R2 from 0.94 to 0.99) relationships between X and C across a broad range of visible wavelengths. On the Kootenai, we found that X vs. C relations derived from field spectra could be applied to hyperspectral images and that dye concentrations could be estimated nearly as reliably from three-band images as from hyperspectral data. These results imply that remote sensing could become a powerful tool for mapping dye patterns. Such a capability would advance our understanding of dispersion processes by enabling more rigorous testing of numerical flow models.
通过提供可见光染料浓度的空间分布信息,我们评估了遥感技术在增强示踪实验方面的潜力。在实验设施和大型自然通道的测试中,我们测量了罗丹明WT浓度和光谱反射率。作为韩国河流实验中心的初步概念验证,使用小型无人机系统(sUAS)获取弯曲的室外水槽的高光谱图像。在库特奈河上,从船上收集了现场光谱,从有人驾驶飞机获得了高光谱图像和高分辨率航空照片。我们修改了一种最佳波段比分析算法,以确定波长组合,这些波长组合在光谱数量X和染料浓度C之间产生很强的相关性。水槽和现场测试在广泛的可见波长范围内得出X和C之间非常强的关系(R2从0.94到0.99)。在Kootenai上,我们发现从场光谱中得到的X与C关系可以应用于高光谱图像,并且从三波段图像中估计染料浓度几乎与从高光谱数据中估计染料浓度一样可靠。这些结果表明,遥感可以成为绘制染料图案的有力工具。这种能力将使我们能够对数值流动模型进行更严格的测试,从而促进我们对分散过程的理解。
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引用次数: 12
Impact assessment of climate change on environmental flow component and water temperature—Kikuchi River 气候变化对菊地河环境流量成分和水温的影响评价
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1663713
R. Morid, Y. Shimatani, Tatsuro Sato
Abstract The Japanese archipelago extends over a large distance from north to south exposed to the effects of climate change. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of climate change on environmental components by using hydrological indicators. The future climate change in the region was initially projected using HadGEM2-ES and MICRO5 models in three 20-year periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060 and 2061–2080), considering two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 & RCP8.5). The Kikuchi streamflow was then simulated using Soil and Water Assessment Tool modelling for the baseline (1986–2016) and future periods. Finally, the magnitude, duration, timing, and frequency of extreme flows were analysed using Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software. The results showed a decrease in discharge under both models; however, a 2 m3/s increase was predicted under HadGEM2-ES (RCP4.5) in 2041–2060. Changes in river flow affect habitat suitability in aquatic ecosystems, and might have further impacts if the effects of water temperature are also considered. In our case study, water temperature was predicted to increase by up to 4 °C by 2080. This phenomenon will change habitat suitability, because important environmental flow components, such as the peaks of high flows and large flood frequency, will also increase.
日本列岛从北向南延伸了很长一段距离,受到气候变化的影响。本研究的目的是利用水文指标来评估气候变化对环境成分的影响。采用HadGEM2-ES和MICRO5模式,考虑两种代表性浓度路径(RCP4.5和RCP8.5),初步预估了该地区未来气候变化的3个20年周期(2021-2040、2041-2060和2061-2080)。然后使用土壤和水评估工具模型对基线(1986-2016)和未来时期的菊池河进行了模拟。最后,利用水文变化指标(Indicators of Hydrologic蚀变)软件分析了极端流量的大小、持续时间、时间和频率。结果表明,两种模型下的放电均有所减小;然而,在HadGEM2-ES (RCP4.5)下,2041-2060年预计增加2 m3/s。河流流量的变化会影响水生生态系统的生境适宜性,如果考虑水温的影响,可能会产生进一步的影响。在我们的案例研究中,预计到2080年水温将上升4°C。这种现象将改变生境适宜性,因为重要的环境流量成分,如高流量峰值和大洪水频率也将增加。
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引用次数: 10
Habitat evaluation for the endangered fish species Lefua echigonia in the Yagawa River, Japan 日本八川河濒危鱼类的生境评价
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1614886
M. De-Miguel-Gallo, F. Martínez‐Capel, R. Muñoz‐Mas, S. Aihara, Y. Matsuzawa, Shinji Fukuda
Abstract Spring-fed streams in Tokyo are important habitats for various aquatic species, whereas urbanization as well as introduction of invasive species is threatening the sustainability of such aquatic ecosystems. This study applies the System for Environmental Flow Analysis (SEFA) in a small urban river in Tokyo to assess the dynamics of the suitable habitats for the endangered freshwater fish Lefua echigonia (Jordan and Richardson 1907). A set of Habitat Suitability Curves (HSCs) for water depth, velocity and substrate was developed to evaluate the suitable habitats. The habitat assessment indicated that the Area Weighted Suitability (AWS) reached the maximum at 0.02 m3/s, which is close to the base flow of the target river; a gradual decrease in AWS was observed for higher flows. The temporal distribution of AWS, during forty-one consecutive months, showed that, on average, the best habitat conditions for adult L. echigonia occur during the period between January and July, whereas the worst situation occurs during the period between August and December. This work presents information and tools for instream habitat analysis that should help managers to conserve this aquatic species and prioritize actions to further rehabilitate urban rivers, using L. echigonia as a case study.
东京泉源溪流是多种水生物种的重要栖息地,而城市化和外来入侵物种的引入正威胁着这些水生生态系统的可持续性。本研究应用环境流量分析系统(SEFA)在东京的一条小城市河流中评估濒危淡水鱼Lefua echigonia适宜栖息地的动态(Jordan and Richardson 1907)。建立了一套基于水深、流速和基质的生境适宜性曲线(hsc)来评价生境适宜性。生境评价结果表明,面积加权适宜性(AWS)在0.02 m3/s时达到最大值,接近目标河基流;高流量时,观察到AWS逐渐降低。连续41个月的时间分布表明,平均1 - 7月是毛毛瓢虫成虫最佳生境,8 - 12月是毛毛瓢虫最差生境。本研究为河流生境分析提供了信息和工具,有助于管理者保护这一水生物种,并优先采取行动进一步恢复城市河流,并以echigonia为例进行了研究。
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引用次数: 7
Flow interactions with an aquatic macrophyte: a field study using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry 水流与水生植物的相互作用:使用立体粒子图像测速法的实地研究
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2019.1606677
H. Biggs, V. Nikora, C. Gibbins, S. Cameron, K. Papadopoulos, Michael Stewart, S. Fraser, D. Vettori, M. Savio, M. O’Hare, M. Kucher, D. Hicks
Abstract This paper reports the morphology of a natural patch of Ranunculus penicillatus and presents high-resolution measurements of flow velocities in its wake using a stereoscopic PIV field measurement system. The patch was 3.80 m long, 1.24 m wide and caused substantial changes to downstream mean velocities and turbulence. Vertical profiles of streamwise mean velocity were not logarithmic and flow was redirected under the positively buoyant canopy, enhancing vertical turbulent mixing in the wake and generating a large region where the velocity covariance was positive. Turbulent kinetic energy was enhanced downstream from the patch lateral shear layer, but not at the centre of the wake. Spectra downstream from the patch showed that turbulence was neither dominated by fine-scale nor large-scale structures, likely due to the low energy of the flow conditions and lack of a developed vortex street within the measurement domain. Sedimentation was observed at the upstream end of the patch, but not underneath the floating canopy. The methods and results of this work will be useful for planning other in situ studies. Also, the reported data on macrophyte geometry and biometrics will assist with the design of more realistic replicas for use in laboratory studies.
摘要本文报道了毛茛(Ranunculus penicillatus)天然斑块的形态,并利用立体PIV场测量系统对其尾迹进行了高分辨率的流速测量。该斑块长3.80 m,宽1.24 m,导致下游平均速度和湍流度发生实质性变化。在正浮力冠层下,向流平均速度的垂直剖面不是对数的,流动被重定向,增强了尾迹中的垂直湍流混合,并产生了一个很大的速度协方差为正的区域。湍流动能在斑块侧切变层下游增强,但在尾流中心没有增强。斑块下游的光谱显示,湍流既不以细尺度结构为主,也不以大尺度结构为主,这可能是由于流动条件的能量较低,并且在测量域内缺乏发达的涡街。在斑块的上游端观察到沉积,但在浮冠下没有。这项工作的方法和结果将有助于规划其他实地研究。此外,报告的关于大型植物几何和生物计量学的数据将有助于设计用于实验室研究的更真实的复制品。
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引用次数: 25
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Journal of ecohydraulics
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