Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345983
Xi Shen, Ting Yang, Yalin Du, Ning Hao, Jiajian Cao, Tao Wu, Chunhua Wang
The hairy root induction system was used to efficiently investigate gene expression and function in plant root. Cucumber is a significant vegetable crop worldwide, with shallow roots, few lateral roots, and weak root systems, resulting in low nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Identifying essential genes related to root development and nutrient absorption is an effective way to improve the growth and development of cucumbers. However, genetic mechanisms underlying cucumber root development have not been explored. Here, we report a novel, rapid, effective hairy root transformation system. Compared to the in vitro cotyledon transformation method, this method shortened the time needed to obtain transgenic roots by 13 days. Furthermore, we combined this root transformation method with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and validated our system by exploring the expression and function of CsMYB36, a pivotal gene associated with root development and nutrient uptake. The hairy root transformation system established in this study provides a powerful method for rapidly identifying essential genes related to root development in cucumber and other horticultural crop species. This advancement holds promise for expediting research on root biology and molecular breeding strategies, contributing to the broader understanding and improvements crop growth and development.
{"title":"Research on the function of <i>CsMYB36</i> based on an effective hair root transformation system.","authors":"Xi Shen, Ting Yang, Yalin Du, Ning Hao, Jiajian Cao, Tao Wu, Chunhua Wang","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2345983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2024.2345983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hairy root induction system was used to efficiently investigate gene expression and function in plant root. Cucumber is a significant vegetable crop worldwide, with shallow roots, few lateral roots, and weak root systems, resulting in low nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Identifying essential genes related to root development and nutrient absorption is an effective way to improve the growth and development of cucumbers. However, genetic mechanisms underlying cucumber root development have not been explored. Here, we report a novel, rapid, effective hairy root transformation system. Compared to the in vitro cotyledon transformation method, this method shortened the time needed to obtain transgenic roots by 13 days. Furthermore, we combined this root transformation method with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and validated our system by exploring the expression and function of <i>CsMYB36</i>, a pivotal gene associated with root development and nutrient uptake. The hairy root transformation system established in this study provides a powerful method for rapidly identifying essential genes related to root development in cucumber and other horticultural crop species. This advancement holds promise for expediting research on root biology and molecular breeding strategies, contributing to the broader understanding and improvements crop growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2331894
Kumudini M Meepagala, Caleb M Anderson, Natascha Techen, Stephen O Duke
A bacterium growing on infected leaves of Hydrocotyle umbellata, commonly known as dollarweed, was isolated and identified as Pantoea ananatis. An ethyl acetate extract of tryptic soy broth (TSB) liquid culture filtrate of the bacterium was subjected to silica gel chromatography to isolate bioactive molecules. Indole was isolated as the major compound that gave a distinct, foul odor to the extract, together with phenethyl alcohol, phenol, tryptophol, N-acyl-homoserine lactone, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol, cyclo(L-pro-L-tyr), and cyclo(dehydroAla-L-Leu). This is the first report of the isolation of cyclo(dehydroAla-L-Leu) from a Pantoea species. Even though tryptophol is an intermediate in the indoleacetic acid (IAA) pathway, we were unable to detect or isolate IAA. We investigated the effect of P. ananatis inoculum on the growth of plants. Treatment of Lemna paucicostata Hegelm plants with 4 × 109 colony forming units of P. ananatis stimulated their growth by ca. five-fold after 13 days. After 13 days of treatment, some control plants were browning, but treated plants were greener and no plants were browning. The growth of both Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) plants was increased by ca. 20 to 40%, depending on the growth parameter and species, when the rhizosphere was treated with the bacterium after germination at the same concentration. Plant growth promotion by Pantoea ananatis could be due to the provision of the IAA precursor indole.
{"title":"<i>Pantoea ananatis</i>, a plant growth stimulating bacterium, and its metabolites isolated from <i>Hydrocotyle umbellata</i> (dollarweed).","authors":"Kumudini M Meepagala, Caleb M Anderson, Natascha Techen, Stephen O Duke","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2331894","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2331894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bacterium growing on infected leaves of <i>Hydrocotyle umbellata</i>, commonly known as dollarweed, was isolated and identified as <i>Pantoea ananatis</i>. An ethyl acetate extract of tryptic soy broth (TSB) liquid culture filtrate of the bacterium was subjected to silica gel chromatography to isolate bioactive molecules. Indole was isolated as the major compound that gave a distinct, foul odor to the extract, together with phenethyl alcohol, phenol, tryptophol, <i>N</i>-acyl-homoserine lactone, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol, cyclo(L-pro-L-tyr), and cyclo(dehydroAla-L-Leu). This is the first report of the isolation of cyclo(dehydroAla-L-Leu) from a <i>Pantoea</i> species. Even though tryptophol is an intermediate in the indoleacetic acid (IAA) pathway, we were unable to detect or isolate IAA. We investigated the effect of <i>P</i>. <i>ananatis</i> inoculum on the growth of plants. Treatment of <i>Lemna paucicostata</i> Hegelm plants with 4 × 10<sup>9</sup> colony forming units of <i>P</i>. <i>ananatis</i> stimulated their growth by ca. five-fold after 13 days. After 13 days of treatment, some control plants were browning, but treated plants were greener and no plants were browning. The growth of both <i>Cucumis sativus</i> (cucumber) and <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (sorghum) plants was increased by ca. 20 to 40%, depending on the growth parameter and species, when the rhizosphere was treated with the bacterium after germination at the same concentration. Plant growth promotion by <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> could be due to the provision of the IAA precursor indole.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrophysiology in plants is understudied, and, moreover, an ideal model for student inclusion at all levels of education. Here, we report on an investigation in open science, whereby scientists worked with high school students, faculty, and undergraduates from Chile, Germany, Serbia, South Korea, and the USA. The students recorded the electrophysiological signals of >15 plant species in response to a flame or tactile stimulus applied to the leaves. We observed that approximately 60% of the plants studied showed an electrophysiological response, with a delay of ~ 3-6 s after stimulus presentation. In preliminary conduction velocity experiments, we verified that observed signals are indeed biological in origin, with information transmission speeds of ~ 2-9 mm/s. Such easily replicable experiments can serve to include more investigators and students in contributing to our understanding of plant electrophysiology.
{"title":"A library of electrophysiological responses in plants - a model of transversal education and open science.","authors":"Danae Madariaga, Derek Arro, Catalina Irarrázaval, Alejandro Soto, Felipe Guerra, Angélica Romero, Fabián Ovalle, Elsa Fedrigolli, Thomas DesRosiers, Étienne Serbe-Kamp, Timothy Marzullo","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2310977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2310977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrophysiology in plants is understudied, and, moreover, an ideal model for student inclusion at all levels of education. Here, we report on an investigation in open science, whereby scientists worked with high school students, faculty, and undergraduates from Chile, Germany, Serbia, South Korea, and the USA. The students recorded the electrophysiological signals of >15 plant species in response to a flame or tactile stimulus applied to the leaves. We observed that approximately 60% of the plants studied showed an electrophysiological response, with a delay of ~ 3-6 s after stimulus presentation. In preliminary conduction velocity experiments, we verified that observed signals are indeed biological in origin, with information transmission speeds of ~ 2-9 mm/s. Such easily replicable experiments can serve to include more investigators and students in contributing to our understanding of plant electrophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2363126
Lamia Yakkou, Sofia Houida, Aicha El Baaboua, Serdar Bilen, Maryam Chelkha, Leyla Okyay Kaya, Abderrahim Aasfar, Fuad Ameen, Sartaj Ahmad Bhat, Mohammed Raouane, Souad Amghar, Abdellatif El Harti
Earthworms' coelomic fluid (CF) has been discovered to possess properties that promote plant development. In particular, the earthworm's coelomic fluid-associated bacteria (CFB) are the primary factor influencing the plants' response. To investigate this, we used bacteria isolated from the CF and selected based on different plant growth-promoting traits, in a mesocosm ecosystem that includes plants. This experiment aimed to assess their impact on the metabolism of plants growing under abiotic stress environments (alkaline soil and nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) deficit) and compare the lipid profiles of plants under the various treatments. We used seven different bacterial species isolated from the CF of Aporrectodea molleri and as a plant model Zea mays L. For the metabolomic analysis method, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic. After observing the metabolomic profiles, we found that a few molecular pathways are involved in how plants react to bacterial biostimulants. The bacterial isolates belonging to Pantoea vagans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus paramycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis have led to a significant increase in synthesizing several metabolites belonging to various chemical categories. Contrary to predictions, abiotic stress did not cause a drop in the composition and concentration of lipids in plants treated with the CFB, demonstrating the rigidity of the protective mechanisms. The statistical analysis based on the Pearson method revealed a positive significant correlation between plant growth parameters (length of the aerial part, surface of the leaves, and biomass) and some metabolites belonging to fatty acids, carboxylic acids, benzene derivatives, and alkanes. Moreover, the standard metabolic components of all treatments in much higher concentrations during bacterial treatments than the control treatment suggests that the bacteria have stimulated the overexpression of these metabolic components. According to these results, we could assume that plants treated with CFB exhibit an adaptability of abiotic stress defense mechanisms, which may be attributed to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways.
{"title":"Unveiling resilience: coelomic fluid bacteria's impact on plant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance.","authors":"Lamia Yakkou, Sofia Houida, Aicha El Baaboua, Serdar Bilen, Maryam Chelkha, Leyla Okyay Kaya, Abderrahim Aasfar, Fuad Ameen, Sartaj Ahmad Bhat, Mohammed Raouane, Souad Amghar, Abdellatif El Harti","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2363126","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2363126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Earthworms' coelomic fluid (CF) has been discovered to possess properties that promote plant development. In particular, the earthworm's coelomic fluid-associated bacteria (CFB) are the primary factor influencing the plants' response. To investigate this, we used bacteria isolated from the CF and selected based on different plant growth-promoting traits, in a mesocosm ecosystem that includes plants. This experiment aimed to assess their impact on the metabolism of plants growing under abiotic stress environments (alkaline soil and nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) deficit) and compare the lipid profiles of plants under the various treatments. We used seven different bacterial species isolated from the CF of <i>Aporrectodea molleri</i> and as a plant model <i>Zea mays</i> L. For the metabolomic analysis method, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic. After observing the metabolomic profiles, we found that a few molecular pathways are involved in how plants react to bacterial biostimulants. The bacterial isolates belonging to <i>Pantoea vagans</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i>, and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> have led to a significant increase in synthesizing several metabolites belonging to various chemical categories. Contrary to predictions, abiotic stress did not cause a drop in the composition and concentration of lipids in plants treated with the CFB, demonstrating the rigidity of the protective mechanisms. The statistical analysis based on the Pearson method revealed a positive significant correlation between plant growth parameters (length of the aerial part, surface of the leaves, and biomass) and some metabolites belonging to fatty acids, carboxylic acids, benzene derivatives, and alkanes. Moreover, the standard metabolic components of all treatments in much higher concentrations during bacterial treatments than the control treatment suggests that the bacteria have stimulated the overexpression of these metabolic components. According to these results, we could assume that plants treated with CFB exhibit an adaptability of abiotic stress defense mechanisms, which may be attributed to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2366545
Lauren A E Erland
In the decades since their discovery in plants in the mid-to-late 1900s, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and serotonin (5-methoxytryptamine) have been established as their own class of phytohormone and have become popular targets for examination and study as stress ameliorating compounds. The indoleamines play roles across the plant life cycle from reproduction to morphogenesis and plant environmental perception. There is growing interest in harnessing the power of these plant neurotransmitters in applied and agricultural settings, particularly as we face increasingly volatile climates for food production; however, there is still a lot to learn about the mechanisms of indoleamine action in plants. A recent explosion of interest in these compounds has led to exponential growth in the field of melatonin research in particular. This concept paper aims to summarize the current status of indoleamine research and highlight some emerging trends.
{"title":"Views and perspectives on the indoleamines serotonin and melatonin in plants: past, present and future.","authors":"Lauren A E Erland","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2366545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2366545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the decades since their discovery in plants in the mid-to-late 1900s, melatonin (<i>N</i>-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and serotonin (5-methoxytryptamine) have been established as their own class of phytohormone and have become popular targets for examination and study as stress ameliorating compounds. The indoleamines play roles across the plant life cycle from reproduction to morphogenesis and plant environmental perception. There is growing interest in harnessing the power of these plant neurotransmitters in applied and agricultural settings, particularly as we face increasingly volatile climates for food production; however, there is still a lot to learn about the mechanisms of indoleamine action in plants. A recent explosion of interest in these compounds has led to exponential growth in the field of melatonin research in particular. This concept paper aims to summarize the current status of indoleamine research and highlight some emerging trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2332018
Huan Gao, Fengzhi Wu
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important economic crops in China. However, its quality and yield are susceptible to the adverse effects of low temperatures. In our study, two tomato cultivars, showing different tolerance to low temperatures, namely the cold-sensitive tomato cultivar (S708) and cold-tolerant tomato cultivar (T722), were grown at optimal (25/18°C) and sub-optimal (15/10°C) temperature conditions for 5 days. Our study aimed to explore the effect of sub-optimal temperature on fresh weight, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugars and proline content of two tomato cultivars. Moreover, we employed RNA-Seq to analyze the transcriptomic response of tomato roots to sub-optimal temperature. The results revealed that S708 showed a more significant reduction in fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (YII), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR) compared to T722 under the sub-optimal temperature condition. Notably, T722 maintained higher level of soluble sugars and proline in comparison to S708 uner sub-optimal temperature. RNA-seq data showed that up-regulated DEGs in both tomato cultivars were involved in "plant-pathogen interaction", "MAPK signaling pathway", "plant hormone signal transduction", and "phosphatidylinositol signaling system". Furthermore, "Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism" pathway was enriched only in T722. Moreover, under sub-optimal temperature, transcription factor genes and osmoregulation genes showed varying degrees of response in both tomato cultivars. Conclusion: In summary, our results offer detailed insights into the response characteristics of tomato to sub-optimal temperature, providing valuable references for the practical management of tomato crops under sub-optimal temperature condition.
{"title":"Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of tomato in response to sub-optimal temperature stress.","authors":"Huan Gao, Fengzhi Wu","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2332018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2332018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) is one of the most important economic crops in China. However, its quality and yield are susceptible to the adverse effects of low temperatures. In our study, two tomato cultivars, showing different tolerance to low temperatures, namely the cold-sensitive tomato cultivar (S708) and cold-tolerant tomato cultivar (T722), were grown at optimal (25/18°C) and sub-optimal (15/10°C) temperature conditions for 5 days. Our study aimed to explore the effect of sub-optimal temperature on fresh weight, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugars and proline content of two tomato cultivars. Moreover, we employed RNA-Seq to analyze the transcriptomic response of tomato roots to sub-optimal temperature. The results revealed that S708 showed a more significant reduction in fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (YII), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR) compared to T722 under the sub-optimal temperature condition. Notably, T722 maintained higher level of soluble sugars and proline in comparison to S708 uner sub-optimal temperature. RNA-seq data showed that up-regulated DEGs in both tomato cultivars were involved in \"plant-pathogen interaction\", \"MAPK signaling pathway\", \"plant hormone signal transduction\", and \"phosphatidylinositol signaling system\". Furthermore, \"Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism\" pathway was enriched only in T722. Moreover, under sub-optimal temperature, transcription factor genes and osmoregulation genes showed varying degrees of response in both tomato cultivars. Conclusion: In summary, our results offer detailed insights into the response characteristics of tomato to sub-optimal temperature, providing valuable references for the practical management of tomato crops under sub-optimal temperature condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2326238
Sunghwa Bahk, Nagib Ahsan, Jonguk An, Sun Ho Kim, Zakiyah Ramadany, Jong Chan Hong, Jay J Thelen, Woo Sik Chung
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are essential signal transduction components that control a variety of cellular responses in all eukaryotes. MPKs convert extracellular stimuli into cellular responses by the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Although MPK cascades are predicted to be very complex, only limited numbers of MPK substrates have been identified in plants. Here, we used the kinase client (KiC) assay to identify novel substrates of MPK3 and MPK6. Recombinant MPK3 or MPK6 were tested against a large synthetic peptide library representing in vivo phosphorylation sites, and phosphorylated peptides were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. From this screen, we identified 23 and 21 putative client peptides of MPK3 and MPK6, respectively. To verify the phosphorylation of putative client peptides, we performed in vitro kinase assay with recombinant fusion proteins of isolated client peptides. We found that 13 and 9 recombinant proteins were phosphorylated by MPK3 and MPK6. Among them, 11 proteins were proven to be the novel substrates of two MPKs. This study suggests that the KiC assay is a useful method to identify new substrates of MPKs.
{"title":"Identification of mitogen-activated protein kinases substrates in <i>Arabidopsis</i> using kinase client assay.","authors":"Sunghwa Bahk, Nagib Ahsan, Jonguk An, Sun Ho Kim, Zakiyah Ramadany, Jong Chan Hong, Jay J Thelen, Woo Sik Chung","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2326238","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2326238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are essential signal transduction components that control a variety of cellular responses in all eukaryotes. MPKs convert extracellular stimuli into cellular responses by the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Although MPK cascades are predicted to be very complex, only limited numbers of MPK substrates have been identified in plants. Here, we used the kinase client (KiC) assay to identify novel substrates of MPK3 and MPK6. Recombinant MPK3 or MPK6 were tested against a large synthetic peptide library representing <i>in vivo</i> phosphorylation sites, and phosphorylated peptides were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. From this screen, we identified 23 and 21 putative client peptides of MPK3 and MPK6, respectively. To verify the phosphorylation of putative client peptides, we performed <i>in vitro</i> kinase assay with recombinant fusion proteins of isolated client peptides. We found that 13 and 9 recombinant proteins were phosphorylated by MPK3 and MPK6. Among them, 11 proteins were proven to be the novel substrates of two MPKs. This study suggests that the KiC assay is a useful method to identify new substrates of MPKs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2362518
Samantha M Surber, Ngoc Pham Thien Thao, Cailin N Smith, Zachery D Shomo, Allison C Barnes, Rebecca L Roston
Cotton is an important agricultural crop to many regions across the globe but is sensitive to low-temperature exposure. The activity of the enzyme SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2 (SFR2) improves cold tolerance of plants and produces trigalactosylsyldiacylglycerol (TGDG), but its role in cold sensitive plants, such as cotton remains unknown. Recently, it was reported that cotton SFR2 produced very little TGDG under normal and cold conditions. Here, we investigate cotton SFR2 activation and TGDG production. Using multiple approaches in the native system and transformation into Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as heterologous yeast expression, we provide evidence that cotton SFR2 activates differently than previously found among other plant species. We conclude with the hypothesis that SFR2 in cotton is not activated in a similar manner regarding acidification or freezing like Arabidopsis and that other regions of SFR2 protein are critical for activation of the enzyme than previously reported.
{"title":"Exploring cotton SFR2's conundrum in response to cold stress.","authors":"Samantha M Surber, Ngoc Pham Thien Thao, Cailin N Smith, Zachery D Shomo, Allison C Barnes, Rebecca L Roston","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2362518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2362518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton is an important agricultural crop to many regions across the globe but is sensitive to low-temperature exposure. The activity of the enzyme SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2 (SFR2) improves cold tolerance of plants and produces trigalactosylsyldiacylglycerol (TGDG), but its role in cold sensitive plants, such as cotton remains unknown. Recently, it was reported that cotton SFR2 produced very little TGDG under normal and cold conditions. Here, we investigate cotton SFR2 activation and TGDG production. Using multiple approaches in the native system and transformation into <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, as well as heterologous yeast expression, we provide evidence that cotton SFR2 activates differently than previously found among other plant species. We conclude with the hypothesis that SFR2 in cotton is not activated in a similar manner regarding acidification or freezing like Arabidopsis and that other regions of SFR2 protein are critical for activation of the enzyme than previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potassium (K+) plays a role in enzyme activation, membrane transport, and osmotic regulation processes. An increase in potassium content can significantly improve the elasticity and combustibility of tobacco and reduce the content of harmful substances. Here, we report that the expression analysis of Nt GF14e, a 14-3-3 gene, increased markedly after low-potassium treatment (LK). Then, chlorophyll content, POD activity and potassium content, were significantly increased in overexpression of Nt GF14e transgenic tobacco lines compared with those in the wild type plants. The net K+ efflux rates were severely lower in the transgenic plants than in the wild type under LK stress. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified 5708 upregulated genes and 2787 downregulated genes between Nt GF14e overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants. The expression levels of some potassium-related genes were increased, such as CBL-interacting protein kinase 2 (CIPK2), Nt CIPK23, Nt CIPK25, H+-ATPase isoform 2 a (AHA2a), Nt AHA4a, Stelar K+ outward rectifier 1(SKOR1), and high affinity K+ transporter 5 (HAK5). The result of yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation imaging experiments suggested Nt GF14e could interact with CIPK2. Overall, these findings indicate that NtGF14e plays a vital roles in improving tobacco LK tolerance and enhancing potassium nutrition signaling pathways in tobacco plants.
{"title":"The 14-3-3 protein nt GF14e interacts with CIPK2 and increases low potassium stress in tobacco.","authors":"Li Xu, Yifei Lu, Jiarui Jiang, Qian Chen, Yong Xu, Qili Mi, Haiying Xiang, Liming Lu, Xuemei Li, Qian Gao, Liqin Li","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2359257","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2359257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) plays a role in enzyme activation, membrane transport, and osmotic regulation processes. An increase in potassium content can significantly improve the elasticity and combustibility of tobacco and reduce the content of harmful substances. Here, we report that the expression analysis of <i>Nt GF14e</i>, a <i>14-3-3</i> gene, increased markedly after low-potassium treatment (LK). Then, chlorophyll content, POD activity and potassium content, were significantly increased in overexpression of <i>Nt GF14e</i> transgenic tobacco lines compared with those in the wild type plants. The net K<sup>+</sup> efflux rates were severely lower in the transgenic plants than in the wild type under LK stress. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified 5708 upregulated genes and 2787 downregulated genes between <i>Nt GF14e</i> overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants. The expression levels of some potassium-related genes were increased, such as CBL-interacting protein kinase 2 (<i>CIPK2</i>), <i>Nt CIPK23</i>, <i>Nt CIPK25</i>, H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase isoform 2 <i>a</i> (<i>AHA2a</i>), <i>Nt AHA4a</i>, Stelar K<sup>+</sup> outward rectifier 1(<i>SKOR1</i>), and high affinity K<sup>+</sup> transporter 5 (<i>HAK5</i>). The result of yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation imaging experiments suggested Nt GF14e could interact with CIPK2. Overall, these findings indicate that NtGF14e plays a vital roles in improving tobacco LK tolerance and enhancing potassium nutrition signaling pathways in tobacco plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2310974
Luca Bonisoli, Ivano Pelicella, Laura Arru
Plants have been observed to produce short ultrasonic emissions (UEs), and current research is focusing on developing noninvasive techniques for recording and analyzing these emissions. A standardized methodology has not been established yet; in this paper we suggest a cost-effective procedure for recording, extracting, and identifying plant UEs using only a single ultrasound microphone, a laptop computer, and open-source software.
{"title":"Plant ultrasound detection: a cost-effective method for identifying plant ultrasonic emissions.","authors":"Luca Bonisoli, Ivano Pelicella, Laura Arru","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2310974","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2310974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have been observed to produce short ultrasonic emissions (UEs), and current research is focusing on developing noninvasive techniques for recording and analyzing these emissions. A standardized methodology has not been established yet; in this paper we suggest a cost-effective procedure for recording, extracting, and identifying plant UEs using only a single ultrasound microphone, a laptop computer, and open-source software.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10863351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}