Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2300239
Dominic Schütte, Margarete Baier, Thomas Griebel
24 h cold exposure (4°C) is sufficient to reduce pathogen susceptibility in Arabidopsis thaliana against the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain even when the infection occurs five days later. This priming effect is independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and can be observed in the immune-compromised eds1-2 null mutant. In contrast, cold priming-reduced Pst susceptibility is strongly impaired in knock-out lines of the stromal and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (sAPX/tAPX) highlighting their relevance for abiotic stress-related increased immune resilience. Here, we extended our analysis by generating an eds1 sapx double mutant. eds1 sapx showed eds1-like resistance and susceptibility phenotypes against Pst strains containing the effectors avrRPM1 and avrRPS4. In comparison to eds1-2, susceptibility against the wildtype Pst strain was constitutively enhanced in eds1 sapx. Although a prior cold priming exposure resulted in reduced Pst titers in eds1-2, it did not alter Pst resistance in eds1 sapx. This demonstrates that the genetic sAPX requirement for cold priming of basal plant immunity applies also to an eds1 null mutant background.
{"title":"Cold priming on pathogen susceptibility in the Arabidopsis <i>eds1</i> mutant background requires a functional <i>stromal Ascorbate Peroxidase</i>.","authors":"Dominic Schütte, Margarete Baier, Thomas Griebel","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2023.2300239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2023.2300239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>24 h cold exposure (4°C) is sufficient to reduce pathogen susceptibility in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> against the virulent <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> (<i>Pst</i>) strain even when the infection occurs five days later. This priming effect is independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and can be observed in the immune-compromised <i>eds1-2</i> null mutant. In contrast, cold priming-reduced <i>Pst</i> susceptibility is strongly impaired in knock-out lines of the stromal and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (sAPX/tAPX) highlighting their relevance for abiotic stress-related increased immune resilience. Here, we extended our analysis by generating an <i>eds1 sapx</i> double mutant. <i>eds1 sapx</i> showed <i>eds1</i>-like resistance and susceptibility phenotypes against <i>Pst</i> strains containing the effectors avrRPM1 and avrRPS4. In comparison to <i>eds1-2</i>, susceptibility against the wildtype <i>Pst</i> strain was constitutively enhanced in <i>eds1 sapx</i>. Although a prior cold priming exposure resulted in reduced <i>Pst</i> titers in <i>eds1-2</i>, it did not alter <i>Pst</i> resistance in <i>eds1 sapx</i>. This demonstrates that the genetic <i>sAPX</i> requirement for cold priming of basal plant immunity applies also to an <i>eds1</i> null mutant background.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10766390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2318514
Yueting Hu, Chongbing Tian, Shiyu Song, Rongtian Li
Chilling stress is an important environmental factor that affects rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield, and the booting stage is the most sensitive stage of rice to chilling stress. In this study, we focused on OsRBCS3, a rice gene related to chilling tolerance at the booting stage, which encodes the key enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit in photosynthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role and mechanism of OsRBCS3 in rice chilling tolerance at the booting stage. The expression levels of OsRBCS3 under chilling stress were compared in two japonica rice cultivars with different chilling tolerances: Kongyu131 (KY131) and Longjing11 (LJ11). A positive correlation was found between OsRBCS3 expression and chilling tolerance. Over-expression (OE) and knock-out (KO) lines of OsRBCS3 were constructed using over-expression and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, respectively, and their chilling tolerance was evaluated at the seedling and booting stages. The results showed that OE lines exhibited higher chilling tolerance than wild-type (WT) lines at both seedling and booting stages, while KO lines showed lower chilling tolerance than WT lines. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Rubisco activity of four rice lines under chilling stress were measured, and it was found that OE lines had stronger antioxidant and photosynthetic capacities, while KO lines had the opposite effects. This study validated that OsRBCS3 plays an important role in rice chilling tolerance at the booting stage, providing new molecular tools and a theoretical basis for rice chilling tolerance breeding.
{"title":"Insights on the enhancement of chilling tolerance in Rice through over-expression and knock-out studies of OsRBCS3.","authors":"Yueting Hu, Chongbing Tian, Shiyu Song, Rongtian Li","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2318514","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2318514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chilling stress is an important environmental factor that affects rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) growth and yield, and the booting stage is the most sensitive stage of rice to chilling stress. In this study, we focused on <i>OsRBCS3</i>, a rice gene related to chilling tolerance at the booting stage, which encodes the key enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit in photosynthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role and mechanism of <i>OsRBCS3</i> in rice chilling tolerance at the booting stage. The expression levels of <i>OsRBCS3</i> under chilling stress were compared in two <i>japonica</i> rice cultivars with different chilling tolerances: Kongyu131 (KY131) and Longjing11 (LJ11). A positive correlation was found between <i>OsRBCS3</i> expression and chilling tolerance. Over-expression (OE) and knock-out (KO) lines of <i>OsRBCS3</i> were constructed using over-expression and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, respectively, and their chilling tolerance was evaluated at the seedling and booting stages. The results showed that OE lines exhibited higher chilling tolerance than wild-type (WT) lines at both seedling and booting stages, while KO lines showed lower chilling tolerance than WT lines. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Rubisco activity of four rice lines under chilling stress were measured, and it was found that OE lines had stronger antioxidant and photosynthetic capacities, while KO lines had the opposite effects. This study validated that <i>OsRBCS3</i> plays an important role in rice chilling tolerance at the booting stage, providing new molecular tools and a theoretical basis for rice chilling tolerance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2360296
Norbert Hidvégi, Judit Dobránszki, Bianka Tóth, Andrea Gulyás
Rainfall, wind and touch, as mechanical forces, were mimicked on 6-week-old soil-grown tomato and potato under controlled conditions. Expression level changes of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro Tom; SlXTHs) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desirée; StXTHs) were analyzed in response to these mechanical forces. Transcription intensity of every SlXTHs of tomato was altered in response to rainfall, while the expression intensity of 72% and 64% of SlXTHs was modified by wind and touch, respectively. Ninety-one percent of StXTHs (32 out of 35) in potato responded to the rainfall, while 49% and 66% of the StXTHs were responsive to the wind and touch treatments, respectively. As previously demonstrated, all StXTHs were responsive to ultrasound treatment, and all were sensitive to one or more of the environmental mechanical factors examined in the current study. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that these ubiquitous mechanical environmental cues, such as rainfall, wind and touch, influence the transcription of most XTHs examined in both species.
{"title":"Expression responses of <i>XTH</i> genes in tomato and potato to environmental mechanical forces: focus on behavior in response to rainfall, wind and touch.","authors":"Norbert Hidvégi, Judit Dobránszki, Bianka Tóth, Andrea Gulyás","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2360296","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2360296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rainfall, wind and touch, as mechanical forces, were mimicked on 6-week-old soil-grown tomato and potato under controlled conditions. Expression level changes of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (<i>XTH</i>s) of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Micro Tom; <i>SlXTH</i>s) and potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L. cv. Desirée; <i>StXTH</i>s) were analyzed in response to these mechanical forces. Transcription intensity of every <i>SlXTH</i>s of tomato was altered in response to rainfall, while the expression intensity of 72% and 64% of <i>SlXTH</i>s was modified by wind and touch, respectively. Ninety-one percent of <i>StXTH</i>s (32 out of 35) in potato responded to the rainfall, while 49% and 66% of the <i>StXTH</i>s were responsive to the wind and touch treatments, respectively. As previously demonstrated, all <i>StXTH</i>s were responsive to ultrasound treatment, and all were sensitive to one or more of the environmental mechanical factors examined in the current study. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that these ubiquitous mechanical environmental cues, such as rainfall, wind and touch, influence the transcription of most <i>XTH</i>s examined in both species.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-06-02DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2361174
Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez, Mariana García-Ortega, Sara Medina-Feria, Aashish Srivastava, Sujay Paul
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. commonly known as fennel, is a globally recognized aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb with widespread popularity due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, carminative, and diuretic properties, among others. Although the phenotypic effects of salinity stress have been previously explored in fennel, the molecular mechanisms underlying responses to elevated salinity in this plant remain elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, endogenous, and extensively conserved non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) typically ranging from 20 to 24 nucleotides (nt) in length that play a major role in a myriad of biological functions. In fact, a number of miRNAs have been extensively associated with responses to abiotic stress in plants. Consequently, employing computational methodologies and rigorous filtering criteria, 40 putative miRNAs belonging to 25 different families were characterized from fennel in this study. Subsequently, employing the psRNATarget tool, a total of 67 different candidate target transcripts for the characterized fennel miRNAs were predicted. Additionally, the expression patterns of six selected fennel miRNAs (i.e. fvu-miR156a, fvu-miR162a-3p, fvu-miR166a-3p, fvu-miR167a-5p, fvu-miR171a-3p, and fvu-miR408-3p) were analyzed under salinity stress conditions via qPCR. This article holds notable significance as it identifies not only 40 putative miRNAs in fennel, a non-model plant, but also pioneers the analysis of their expression under salinity stress conditions.
{"title":"Identification and expression profiling of microRNAs in leaf tissues of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill. under salinity stress.","authors":"Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez, Mariana García-Ortega, Sara Medina-Feria, Aashish Srivastava, Sujay Paul","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2361174","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2361174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill. commonly known as fennel, is a globally recognized aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb with widespread popularity due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, carminative, and diuretic properties, among others. Although the phenotypic effects of salinity stress have been previously explored in fennel, the molecular mechanisms underlying responses to elevated salinity in this plant remain elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, endogenous, and extensively conserved non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) typically ranging from 20 to 24 nucleotides (nt) in length that play a major role in a myriad of biological functions. In fact, a number of miRNAs have been extensively associated with responses to abiotic stress in plants. Consequently, employing computational methodologies and rigorous filtering criteria, 40 putative miRNAs belonging to 25 different families were characterized from fennel in this study. Subsequently, employing the psRNATarget tool, a total of 67 different candidate target transcripts for the characterized fennel miRNAs were predicted. Additionally, the expression patterns of six selected fennel miRNAs (i.e. fvu-miR156a, fvu-miR162a-3p, fvu-miR166a-3p, fvu-miR167a-5p, fvu-miR171a-3p, and fvu-miR408-3p) were analyzed under salinity stress conditions via qPCR. This article holds notable significance as it identifies not only 40 putative miRNAs in fennel, a non-model plant, but also pioneers the analysis of their expression under salinity stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1080/20450907.2024.2357532
Vincenzo Di Nunno, Marta Aprile, Lidia Gatto, Alicia Tosoni, Lucia Ranieri, Stefania Bartolini, Enrico Franceschi
Aim: Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors are rare primary central nervous system malignancies with heterogeneous features. Due to the rarity of these malignancies diagnosis and treatment remains a clinical challenge. Methods: Here we performed a narrative review aimed to investigate the principal issues concerning the diagnosis, pathology, and clinical management of glioneuronal tumors. Results: Diagnostic criteria have been recently overturned thanks to a better characterization on a histological and molecular biology level. The study of genomic alterations occurring within these tumors has allowed us to identify potential therapeutic targets including BRAF, FGFR, and PDGFRA. Conclusion: Techniques allowing molecular sequencing DNA methylation assessment of the disease are essential diagnostic tools. Targeting agents should be included in the therapeutic armamentarium after loco-regional treatment failure.
目的:神经胶质细胞瘤和神经元肿瘤是罕见的原发性中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤,具有不同的特征。由于这些恶性肿瘤的罕见性,其诊断和治疗仍是一项临床挑战。方法:在此,我们进行了一项叙述性综述,旨在研究有关神经胶质细胞瘤的诊断、病理和临床治疗的主要问题。结果由于组织学和分子生物学层面的特征得到了更好的描述,诊断标准最近已被推翻。对这些肿瘤内发生的基因组改变的研究使我们能够确定潜在的治疗靶点,包括BRAF、FGFR和PDGFRA。结论对疾病进行分子测序 DNA 甲基化评估的技术是必不可少的诊断工具。在局部区域治疗失败后,应将靶向药物纳入治疗范围。
{"title":"Novel insights toward diagnosis and treatment of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors in young adults.","authors":"Vincenzo Di Nunno, Marta Aprile, Lidia Gatto, Alicia Tosoni, Lucia Ranieri, Stefania Bartolini, Enrico Franceschi","doi":"10.1080/20450907.2024.2357532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20450907.2024.2357532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors are rare primary central nervous system malignancies with heterogeneous features. Due to the rarity of these malignancies diagnosis and treatment remains a clinical challenge. <b>Methods:</b> Here we performed a narrative review aimed to investigate the principal issues concerning the diagnosis, pathology, and clinical management of glioneuronal tumors. <b>Results:</b> Diagnostic criteria have been recently overturned thanks to a better characterization on a histological and molecular biology level. The study of genomic alterations occurring within these tumors has allowed us to identify potential therapeutic targets including BRAF, FGFR, and PDGFRA. <b>Conclusion:</b> Techniques allowing molecular sequencing DNA methylation assessment of the disease are essential diagnostic tools. Targeting agents should be included in the therapeutic armamentarium after loco-regional treatment failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10469,"journal":{"name":"CNS Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11181933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crabapple is a valuable tree species in gardens due to its captivating array of flower and leaf colors, rendering it a favored choice in landscaping. The economic and ornamental values of Malus crabapple are closely associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, a pigment responsible for its vibrant hues. The intricate regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis involves the concerted activity of various genes. However, the specific mechanism governing this process in crabapple warrants in-depth exploration. In this study, we explored the inhibitory role of MsMYB62-like in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We identified MsDFR and MsANS as two downstream target genes of MsMYB62-like. These genes encode enzymes integral to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The findings demonstrate that MsMYB62-like directly binds to the promoters of MsDFR and MsANS, resulting in the downregulation of their expression levels. Additionally, our observations indicate that the plant hormone cytokinins exert a suppressive effect on the expression levels of MsMYB62-like, while concurrently upregulating MsDFR and MsANS. This study reveals that the MsMYB62-like-MsDFR/MsANS module plays an important role in governing anthocyanin levels in Malus crabapple. Notably, the regulatory interplay is modulated by the plant hormone cytokinins.
{"title":"MsMYB62-like as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in <i>Malus spectabilis</i>.","authors":"Cuixia Tan, Jingyi Yang, Xingyue Xue, Jun Wei, Houhua Li, Zenglin Li, Ying Duan","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2318509","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2318509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crabapple is a valuable tree species in gardens due to its captivating array of flower and leaf colors, rendering it a favored choice in landscaping. The economic and ornamental values of <i>Malus</i> crabapple are closely associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, a pigment responsible for its vibrant hues. The intricate regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis involves the concerted activity of various genes. However, the specific mechanism governing this process in crabapple warrants in-depth exploration. In this study, we explored the inhibitory role of MsMYB62-like in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We identified <i>MsDFR</i> and <i>MsANS</i> as two downstream target genes of MsMYB62-like. These genes encode enzymes integral to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The findings demonstrate that MsMYB62-like directly binds to the promoters of <i>MsDFR</i> and <i>MsANS</i>, resulting in the downregulation of their expression levels. Additionally, our observations indicate that the plant hormone cytokinins exert a suppressive effect on the expression levels of <i>MsMYB62-like</i>, while concurrently upregulating <i>MsDFR</i> and <i>MsANS</i>. This study reveals that the MsMYB62-like-<i>MsDFR</i>/<i>MsANS</i> module plays an important role in governing anthocyanin levels in <i>Malus</i> crabapple. Notably, the regulatory interplay is modulated by the plant hormone cytokinins.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2358684
Kyounghee Lee, Hobin Yoon, Pil Joon Seo
Adjusting the timing of floral transition is essential for reproductive success in plants. A number of flowering regulators integrate internal and external signals to precisely determine the time to flower. We here report that the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6) - EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) module regulates flowering in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis. The AGL6 transcriptional repressor promotes floral transition by directly suppressing ELF3, which in turn directly represses FT expression that acts as a floral integrator. Indeed, ELF3 is epistatic to AGL6 in the control of floral transition. Overall, our findings propose that the AGL6-ELF3 module contributes to fine-tuning flowering time in plants.
调整花期过渡时间对植物的繁殖成功至关重要。一些开花调节因子整合了内部和外部信号,以精确确定开花时间。我们在此报告了 AGAMOUS-LIKE 6(AGL6)- EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3)模块在拟南芥中通过依赖花序连接器 T(FT)的途径调控开花。AGL6 转录抑制因子通过直接抑制 ELF3 促进花期转换,而 ELF3 又直接抑制作为花期整合因子的 FT 表达。事实上,ELF3与AGL6在控制花的过渡方面具有外显性。总之,我们的研究结果表明,AGL6-ELF3 模块有助于微调植物的开花时间。
{"title":"The AGL6-ELF3-FT circuit controls flowering time in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Kyounghee Lee, Hobin Yoon, Pil Joon Seo","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2358684","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2358684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adjusting the timing of floral transition is essential for reproductive success in plants. A number of flowering regulators integrate internal and external signals to precisely determine the time to flower. We here report that the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6) - EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) module regulates flowering in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-dependent pathway in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The AGL6 transcriptional repressor promotes floral transition by directly suppressing <i>ELF3</i>, which in turn directly represses <i>FT</i> expression that acts as a floral integrator. Indeed, <i>ELF3</i> is epistatic to <i>AGL6</i> in the control of floral transition. Overall, our findings propose that the AGL6-ELF3 module contributes to fine-tuning flowering time in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2350869
Ely Oliveira-Garcia, Allison Jane Hamilton
Fungal pathogens deliver effector proteins into living plant cells to suppress plant immunity and control plant processes that are needed for infection. During plant infection, the devastating rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, forms the specialized biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which is essential for effector translocation. Cytoplasmic effectors are first focally secreted into BICs, and subsequently packaged into dynamic membranous effector compartments (MECs), then translocated via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) into the host cytoplasm. This study demonstrates that clathrin-heavy chain inhibitors endosidin-9 (ES9) and endosidin-9-17 (ES9-17) blocked the internalization of the fluorescently labeled effectors Bas1 and Pwl2 in rice cells, leading to swollen BICs lacking MECs. In contrast, ES9-17 treatment had no impact on the localization pattern of the apoplastic effector Bas4. This study provides further evidence that cytoplasmic effector translocation occurs by CME in BICs, suggesting a potential role for M. oryzae effectors in co-opting plant endocytosis.
{"title":"A pharmacological approach to investigating effector translocation in rice-<i>Magnaporthe</i> oryzae interactions.","authors":"Ely Oliveira-Garcia, Allison Jane Hamilton","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2350869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2350869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal pathogens deliver effector proteins into living plant cells to suppress plant immunity and control plant processes that are needed for infection. During plant infection, the devastating rice blast fungus, <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, forms the specialized biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which is essential for effector translocation. Cytoplasmic effectors are first focally secreted into BICs, and subsequently packaged into dynamic membranous effector compartments (MECs), then translocated via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) into the host cytoplasm. This study demonstrates that clathrin-heavy chain inhibitors endosidin-9 (ES9) and endosidin-9-17 (ES9-17) blocked the internalization of the fluorescently labeled effectors Bas1 and Pwl2 in rice cells, leading to swollen BICs lacking MECs. In contrast, ES9-17 treatment had no impact on the localization pattern of the apoplastic effector Bas4. This study provides further evidence that cytoplasmic effector translocation occurs by CME in BICs, suggesting a potential role for <i>M. oryzae</i> effectors in co-opting plant endocytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11085958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2329487
Jia Liu, Sumei Qiu, Tingting Xue, Yingdan Yuan
E. ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides) has significant industrial and medicinal value and high market demand. E. ulmoides grows seedlings through sowing. According to previous studies, plant hormones have been shown to regulate seed germination. To understand the relationship between hormones and E. ulmoides seed germination, we focused on examining the changes in various indicators during the germination stage of E. ulmoides seeds. We measured the levels of physiological and hormone indicators in E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and found that the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) significantly varied as the seeds germinated. Furthermore, we confirmed that ABA, GA, and IAA are essential hormones in the germination of E. ulmoides seeds using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses of the transcriptome. The discovery of hormone-related synthesis pathways in the control group of Eucommia seeds at different germination stages further confirmed this conclusion. This study provides a basis for further research into the regulatory mechanisms of E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and the relationship between other seed germination and plant hormones.
杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)具有重要的工业和药用价值,市场需求量很大。杜仲通过播种长出幼苗。以往的研究表明,植物激素能调节种子萌发。为了解激素与 E. ulmoides 种子萌发之间的关系,我们重点研究了 E. ulmoides 种子萌发阶段各项指标的变化。我们测定了不同萌发阶段尺蠖种子中生理指标和激素指标的水平,发现脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的水平随着种子的萌发而显著变化。此外,我们还利用基因本体和京都基因与基因组学百科全书对转录组进行了富集分析,证实 ABA、GA 和 IAA 是溃疡苣苔种子萌发过程中必不可少的激素。在杜仲种子对照组的不同萌发阶段发现的激素相关合成途径进一步证实了这一结论。这项研究为进一步研究杜仲种子在不同萌发阶段的调控机制以及其他种子萌发与植物激素之间的关系提供了基础。
{"title":"Physiology and transcriptome of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> seeds at different germination stages.","authors":"Jia Liu, Sumei Qiu, Tingting Xue, Yingdan Yuan","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2329487","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2024.2329487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>E. ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides)</i> has significant industrial and medicinal value and high market demand. <i>E. ulmoides</i> grows seedlings through sowing. According to previous studies, plant hormones have been shown to regulate seed germination. To understand the relationship between hormones and <i>E. ulmoides</i> seed germination, we focused on examining the changes in various indicators during the germination stage of <i>E. ulmoides</i> seeds. We measured the levels of physiological and hormone indicators in <i>E. ulmoides</i> seeds at different germination stages and found that the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) significantly varied as the seeds germinated. Furthermore, we confirmed that ABA, GA, and IAA are essential hormones in the germination of <i>E. ulmoides</i> seeds using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses of the transcriptome. The discovery of hormone-related synthesis pathways in the control group of Eucommia seeds at different germination stages further confirmed this conclusion. This study provides a basis for further research into the regulatory mechanisms of <i>E. ulmoides</i> seeds at different germination stages and the relationship between other seed germination and plant hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2300228
Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi, Tina Uhlig, Felix Lutter, Hamid Safavi-Rizi, Franziska Krajinski-Barth, Severin Sasso
The flooding of agricultural land leads to hypoxia and nitrate leaching. While understanding the plant's response to these conditions is essential for crop improvement, the effect of extended nitrate limitation on subsequent hypoxia has not been studied in an organ-specific manner. We cultivated Arabidopsis thaliana without nitrate for 1 week before inducing hypoxia by bubbling the hydroponic solution with nitrogen gas for 16 h. In the roots, the transcripts of two transcription factor genes (HRA1, HRE2) and three genes involved in fermentation (SUS4, PDC1, ADH1) were ~10- to 100-fold upregulated by simultaneous hypoxia and nitrate starvation compared to the control condition (replete nitrate and oxygen). In contrast, this hypoxic upregulation was ~5 to 10 times stronger when nitrate was available. The phytoglobin genes PGB1 and PGB2, involved in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, were massively downregulated by nitrate starvation (~1000-fold and 105-fold, respectively), but only under ambient oxygen levels; this was reflected in a 2.5-fold increase in NO concentration. In the leaves, HRA1, SUS4, and RAP2.3 were upregulated ~20-fold by hypoxia under nitrate starvation, whereas this upregulation was virtually absent in the presence of nitrate. Our results highlight that the plant's responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia can influence each other.
{"title":"Reciprocal modulation of responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia in roots and leaves of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi, Tina Uhlig, Felix Lutter, Hamid Safavi-Rizi, Franziska Krajinski-Barth, Severin Sasso","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2023.2300228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2023.2300228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flooding of agricultural land leads to hypoxia and nitrate leaching. While understanding the plant's response to these conditions is essential for crop improvement, the effect of extended nitrate limitation on subsequent hypoxia has not been studied in an organ-specific manner. We cultivated <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> without nitrate for 1 week before inducing hypoxia by bubbling the hydroponic solution with nitrogen gas for 16 h. In the roots, the transcripts of two transcription factor genes (<i>HRA1</i>, <i>HRE2</i>) and three genes involved in fermentation (<i>SUS4</i>, <i>PDC1</i>, <i>ADH1</i>) were ~10- to 100-fold upregulated by simultaneous hypoxia and nitrate starvation compared to the control condition (replete nitrate and oxygen). In contrast, this hypoxic upregulation was ~5 to 10 times stronger when nitrate was available. The phytoglobin genes <i>PGB1</i> and <i>PGB2</i>, involved in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, were massively downregulated by nitrate starvation (~1000-fold and 10<sup>5</sup>-fold, respectively), but only under ambient oxygen levels; this was reflected in a 2.5-fold increase in NO concentration. In the leaves, <i>HRA1</i>, <i>SUS4</i>, and <i>RAP2.3</i> were upregulated ~20-fold by hypoxia under nitrate starvation, whereas this upregulation was virtually absent in the presence of nitrate. Our results highlight that the plant's responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia can influence each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}