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Diet-Related Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Italian Prisoners: B.A.C.I. (Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane, Well-Being Inside the Italian Prisons) Project by the Italian Society of Penitentiary Medicine and Public Health (S.I.M.S.Pe. Società Italiana di Medicina e Sanità Penitenziaria). 意大利囚犯患慢性非传染性疾病的饮食相关风险因素:意大利监狱医学与公共卫生学会(S.I.M.S.Pe.SocietàItaliana di Medicina e SanitàPenitenzaria)的B.A.C.I.项目(Benessere All'terno delle Carceri Italiane,《意大利监狱内的幸福》)。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00502-y
Ludovica Verde, Antonio Maria Pagano, Monica de Leo, Claudia Vetrani, Antinea Ambretti, Luciano Lucania, Sergio Babudieri, Anna De Chiara, Annamaria Colao, Michele Corsi, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea

Purpose of review: The review aims to present an overview of inmate health, focusing on lifestyle-related diseases, physical activity levels, and nutritional status. It also presents the B.A.C.I. (Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane, well-being inside the Italian prisons) project, which aims to offers an innovative path of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) related to unhealthy lifestyles in prisons in the Campania region, Italy.

Recent findings: The global prison population has risen by 24% since the year 2000, with over 10.77 million people detained worldwide in 2021. In Italy alone, there are currently over 57,000 inmates. Inmates face a higher risk of NCDs such as cardiovascular disease due to unhealthy lifestyles characterized by poor diets and lack of physical activity. Additionally, sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, are prevalent among inmates, further contributing to health disparities. While physical activity has shown positive effects on inmate well-being, there is limited research on nutritional status and interventions in prison populations. Providing quality healthcare to inmates is an international policy norm, but the standards vary globally and are often inadequate. The economic burden of NCDs is rising, and this is exacerbated in prisons, making it challenging for individuals to reintegrate into society after release.

审查目的:审查旨在概述囚犯的健康状况,重点关注与生活方式相关的疾病、体育活动水平和营养状况。它还介绍了B.A.C.I.(Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane,意大利监狱内的幸福感)项目,该项目旨在为意大利坎帕尼亚地区监狱中与不健康生活方式有关的非传染性疾病(NCDs)的预防、诊断和治疗提供一条创新的途径,2021年,全球有超过1077万人被拘留。仅在意大利,目前就有57000多名囚犯。由于不良饮食和缺乏体育活动等不健康的生活方式,囚犯患心血管疾病等非传染性疾病的风险更高。此外,睡眠障碍,特别是失眠,在囚犯中普遍存在,进一步加剧了健康差距。虽然体育活动对囚犯的健康有积极影响,但对监狱人口的营养状况和干预措施的研究有限。为囚犯提供高质量的医疗保健是一项国际政策规范,但全球标准各不相同,而且往往不够。非传染性疾病的经济负担正在增加,在监狱中这种情况更加严重,使个人在获释后重新融入社会具有挑战性。
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引用次数: 0
New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. ω-3 PUFAs对健康潜力的新认识
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6
V Iswareya Lakshimi, M Kavitha

Purpose of review: Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio.

Recent findings: ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.

综述目的:二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸是两种促进人体健康的必需长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs),可通过饮食或补充剂获得。ω-6和ω-3 PUFAs衍生的二十烷类化合物具有相反的促炎和抗炎活性。ω-6 PUFA的促炎作用是PUFA代谢不良健康状况的病理背后,如心血管疾病、神经系统疾病和炎症性疾病。均衡的ω-6与ω-3比值为1-4:1对于预防相关疾病至关重要。但由于现代农业实践,这一比例发生了灾难性的转变,变成了10-20:1。这篇综述的主要目的是讨论通过最近的研究发现的ω-3 pufa的无数健康潜力。它进一步体现了保持平衡ω-6至ω-3 PUFA比率的重要性。最近的研究发现:ω-3 PUFAs对糖尿病相关并发症(包括糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病和蛋白尿)具有保护作用。ω-3 pufa对健康的益处也不例外。补充ω-3 PUFAs可改善COVID-19患者的呼吸症状和临床症状。ω-3 PUFAs具有多种健康益处,包括抗炎特性和抗菌特性,可有效预防各种健康状况,如动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、糖尿病、COVID-19和神经系统疾病。本文就ω-3 pufa的各种健康潜力进行了综述。此外,除了说明ω-3 PUFA的各种来源外,还强调了平衡ω-6至ω-3 PUFA比率的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammation, Nutrition, and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review. 癌症乳腺癌幸存者的炎症、营养和临床结果:叙述性综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00495-8
Manjinder Kaur Pannu, Constantina Constantinou

Purpose of review: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among women aged 44-55 years globally. Pro-inflammatory food can cause tissue-level inflammation, thereby creating a carcinogenic microenvironment and promoting breast cancer. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the association between inflammation and nutrition and clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Recent findings: Pro-inflammatory diets are associated with a higher mortality risk after diagnosis and worse prognosis after treatment. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory diets may improve tissue-level inflammation and improve the overall prognosis and quality of life of survivors. There is strong evidence that the Mediterranean diet in particular is associated with reduced recurrence risk of breast cancer and improved quality of life of survivors. This narrative review provides evidence that there is a strong association between inflammation, dietary habits, and adverse clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors. It further discusses the current evidence for the role of dietary management in improving clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

综述目的:癌症(BC)是全球44岁至55岁女性死亡的主要原因。促炎食物可引起组织级炎症,从而产生致癌微环境,并促进癌症。这篇综述的目的是概述癌症幸存者的炎症、营养和临床结果之间的关系。最近的发现:促炎性饮食与诊断后更高的死亡率和治疗后更差的预后有关。另一方面,抗炎饮食可以改善组织水平的炎症,改善幸存者的整体预后和生活质量。有强有力的证据表明,地中海饮食尤其与降低癌症复发风险和提高幸存者的生活质量有关。这篇叙述性综述提供了证据,证明癌症幸存者的炎症、饮食习惯和不良临床结果之间存在着强烈的关联。它进一步讨论了饮食管理在改善癌症幸存者临床结果中的作用的现有证据。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and Facilitators for the Donation and Acceptance of Human Breast milk: A Scoping Review. 人类母乳捐献和接受的障碍和促进因素:范围审查。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00506-8
Edlin Glane Mathias, Divya Sussana Patil, Ashwija Kolakemar, Jisha B Krishnan, Vishnu Renjith, Nachiket Gudi, Ravi Shankar Swamy, Angela Brand

Purpose of review: Human milk is the best source of nutrients for all infants. When a mother's own milk is unavailable, the World Health Organization suggests using donor human milk for premature neonates with or without medical complications. Exploring the barriers and facilitators for breast milk donation and its acceptability is essential for developing this intervention. A scoping review was conducted based on a methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8:19-32, 2005). A search was conducted in PubMed (NCBI), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science (Elsevier). A two-stage sequential screening process was adopted. Data extraction was done using a piloted data extraction form.

Recent findings: We included 20 articles for narrative synthesis. Barriers and facilitators for donating and accepting breast milk were categorized under six themes: individual, family, community, workplace, health system, and policy-related. The common individual barriers were time requirements for BMD, personal dislike of the process, lack of knowledge, insufficient milk, negative opinions, and lack of information. Family stigma, negative rumors, less educated family members, and illness of a family member were identified as family-related barriers. Community-related barriers include cultural or religious unacceptable practices, societal taboos, and distance to milk banks. The major barriers identified in relation to the health system were lack of practical and psychological support, lack of information, storing and transportation issues, lack of knowledge among HCWs, and logistical challenges of creating a milk lab. The common work-related barriers were the lack of adequate time, philosophical objections, and incomprehension at returning to work. Policy-related barriers identified include the need for hygiene requirements, donation costs, and lack of standardized guidelines. Making the donation process faster, providing pick-up services for donors, and community education and male partner engagement regarding breast milk donation could help to boost the acceptability of breast milk donation.

综述目的:母乳是所有婴儿的最佳营养来源。当母亲无法获得母乳时,世界卫生组织建议使用捐赠的母乳来喂养有或没有医学并发症的早产儿。探索母乳捐赠的障碍和促进因素及其可接受性对于制定这一干预措施至关重要。根据Arksey和O'Malley开发的方法框架进行了范围审查(Int J Soc Res methodology 8:19- 32,2005)。在PubMed (NCBI)、CINAHL (EBSCO)和Web of Science (Elsevier)中进行了检索。采用两阶段顺序筛选工艺。数据提取是使用试点数据提取表单完成的。最近的发现:我们纳入了20篇文章进行叙事综合。捐赠和接受母乳的障碍和促进因素分为六个主题:个人、家庭、社区、工作场所、卫生系统和政策相关。常见的个人障碍是BMD的时间要求、个人不喜欢这个过程、缺乏知识、牛奶不足、负面意见和缺乏信息。家庭耻辱、负面谣言、受教育程度较低的家庭成员以及家庭成员患病被认为是与家庭有关的障碍。与社区相关的障碍包括文化或宗教上不可接受的做法、社会禁忌以及与母乳库的距离。确定的与卫生系统有关的主要障碍是缺乏实际和心理支持,缺乏信息,储存和运输问题,卫生保健工作者缺乏知识,以及创建牛奶实验室的后勤挑战。常见的与工作有关的障碍是缺乏足够的时间,哲学上的反对,以及对重返工作的不理解。确定的与政策有关的障碍包括卫生要求的需要、捐赠费用和缺乏标准化指南。加快母乳捐赠流程,为献血者提供上门服务,以及开展有关母乳捐赠的社区教育和男性伴侣参与,都有助于提高母乳捐赠的可接受性。
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引用次数: 0
Greasing the Wheels of Pharmacotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: the Role of Natural Polyphenols. 润滑大肠癌药物治疗的车轮:天然多酚的作用。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00512-w
Chengu Niu, Jing Zhang, Patrick Okolo

Purpose of review: The main purpose of this review, mainly based on preclinical studies, is to summarize the pharmacological and biochemical evidence regarding natural polyphenols against colorectal cancer and highlight areas that require future research.

Recent findings: Typically, colorectal cancer is a potentially preventable and curable cancer arising from benign precancerous polyps found in the colon's inner lining. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer, with a lifetime risk of approximately 4 to 5%. Genetic background and environmental factors play major roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Theoretically, a multistep process of colorectal carcinogenesis provides enough time for anti-tumor pharmacotherapy of colorectal cancer. Chronic colonic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota imbalance have been found to increase the risk for colorectal cancer development by creating genotoxic stress within the intestinal environment to generate genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications. Currently, numerous natural polyphenols have shown anti-tumor properties against colorectal cancer in preclinical research, especially in colorectal cancer cell lines. In this review, the current literature regarding the etiology and epidemiology of colorectal cancer is briefly outlined. We highlight the findings of natural polyphenols in colorectal cancer from in vitro and in vivo studies. The scarcity of human trials data undermines the clinical use of natural polyphenols as anti-colorectal cancer agents, which should be undertaken in the future.

综述目的:本综述以临床前研究为基础,主要目的是总结天然多酚抗结直肠癌的药理和生化证据,并指出未来需要研究的领域。最近的发现:一般来说,结直肠癌是一种潜在的可预防和可治愈的癌症,起源于结肠内壁的良性癌前息肉。结直肠癌是第三大最常见的癌症,其终生风险约为4%至5%。遗传背景和环境因素在结直肠癌的发病中起主要作用。从理论上讲,结直肠癌的多步骤发生过程为结直肠癌的抗肿瘤药物治疗提供了充足的时间。慢性结肠炎症、氧化应激和肠道微生物群失衡已被发现通过在肠道环境中产生基因毒性应激来产生基因突变和表观遗传修饰,从而增加结直肠癌发展的风险。目前,许多天然多酚在临床前研究中,特别是在结直肠癌细胞系中显示出抗肿瘤的特性。在这篇综述中,简要概述了目前关于结直肠癌病因学和流行病学的文献。我们强调从体外和体内研究中发现的天然多酚在结直肠癌中的作用。人体试验数据的缺乏削弱了天然多酚作为抗结直肠癌药物的临床应用,这应该在未来进行。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetics of Drugs: a Review of Current Evidence. 减肥手术对药物药代动力学的影响:现有证据综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00498-5
Sofia K Konstantinidou, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos

Purpose of review: Obesity constitutes a major public health concern and has been recognized as an epidemic. To date, bariatric surgery remains the most effective way for substantial long-lasting weight loss in severe obesity. The purpose of this review is to summarize how the pharmacokinetics of drugs are affected by the most common types of bariatric surgery, i.e., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Recent findings: Limited data are available regarding the changes in pharmacokinetics of drugs after bariatric surgery. The lack of existing guidelines may lead patients to experience drug toxicity or therapeutic undertreatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters that need to be taken into consideration postoperatively include gastric motility, gastric volume, pH, surface area, bile secretions, carrier proteins, and first-pass metabolism. For drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, other factors need to be monitored closely, including plasma drug levels, patients' clinical outcomes, and laboratory markers. Patients should be followed up frequently and treated in accordance with their response to the drug therapy. Bariatric surgery may affect the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, due to the resultant anatomical changes and the substantial weight loss. Therefore, there is a need to identify those potential changes and adjust patients' medication doses in order to achieve higher efficacy and avoid toxicity.

审查目的:肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题,已被公认为一种流行病。到目前为止,减肥手术仍然是严重肥胖患者长期减重的最有效方法。本综述的目的是总结最常见的减肥手术类型,即Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(RYGB)和袖状胃切除术(SG)如何影响药物的药代动力学。最近的研究结果:关于减肥手术后药物药代动力学变化的数据有限。现有指南的缺乏可能导致患者出现药物毒性或治疗不足。术后需要考虑的药代动力学参数包括胃动力、胃容量、pH、表面积、胆汁分泌物、载体蛋白和首过代谢。对于治疗指数较窄的药物,需要密切监测其他因素,包括血浆药物水平、患者的临床结果和实验室标志物。应经常对患者进行随访,并根据其对药物治疗的反应进行治疗。减肥手术可能会影响各种药物的药代动力学,因为由此产生的解剖变化和体重的大幅减轻。因此,有必要识别这些潜在的变化并调整患者的药物剂量,以获得更高的疗效并避免毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Fucoxanthin, a Functional Food Ingredient: Challenges in Bioavailability. 功能性食品成分--岩藻黄质:生物利用率的挑战。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00492-x
Vanessa Fernandes, Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha

Purpose of review: Fucoxanthin is an orange-red xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and known for its many bioactive properties. In recent years, the bioactive properties of fucoxanthin have been widely explored, making it a compound of immense interest for various health applications like anti-cancer, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, the poor bioavailability and instability of fucoxanthin in the gastrointestinal tract have major limitations. Encapsulation is a promising approach to overcome these challenges by enclosing fucoxanthin in a protective layer, such as liposomes or nano-particles. Encapsulation can improve the stability of fucoxanthin by protecting it from exposure to heat, pH, illumination, gastric acids and enzymes that can accelerate its degradation.

Recent findings: Studies have shown that lipid-based encapsulation systems such as liposomes or nano-structured lipid carriers may solubilise fucoxanthin and enhance its bioavailability (from 25 to 61.2%). In addition, encapsulation can also improve the solubility of hydrophobic fucoxanthin, which is important for its absorption and bioavailability. This review highlights the challenges involved in the absorption of fucoxanthin in the living system, role of micro- and nano-encapsulation of fucoxanthin and their potential to enhance intestinal absorption.

综述的目的:岩藻黄质是一种存在于褐色海藻中的橙红色类黄素,因其多种生物活性特性而闻名。近年来,人们对其生物活性特性进行了广泛的探索,使其成为一种在抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病和抗肥胖等各种健康应用方面具有巨大价值的化合物。然而,葫芦黄素在胃肠道中的生物利用率低和不稳定性是其主要局限性。封装是克服这些挑战的一种很有前景的方法,它可以将狐黄素包裹在脂质体或纳米颗粒等保护层中。封装可以提高狐黄素的稳定性,使其免受热量、pH值、光照、胃酸和酶的影响,这些因素都会加速狐黄素的降解:研究表明,脂质体或纳米结构脂质载体等脂基封装系统可溶解狐黄素并提高其生物利用率(从 25% 提高到 61.2%)。此外,封装还可以提高疏水性狐黄素的溶解度,这对其吸收和生物利用率非常重要。本综述强调了在生物系统中吸收狐黄素所面临的挑战、狐黄素微胶囊和纳米胶囊的作用及其促进肠道吸收的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Pigmented Rice Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. 食用色素米对心脏代谢风险因素的影响:随机对照试验的系统回顾
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00496-7
Diane Mendoza-Sarmiento, Emmanuele V Mistades, Alison M Hill

Purpose of review: Dietary patterns that include polyphenols may help manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Pigmented rice contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its antioxidant properties. This review examined the effect of polyphenol-containing pigmented rice on antioxidant status, lipid profile, glucose/insulin, blood pressure, and weight among adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles published in English since 2000, using PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022358132). Two-staged screening resulted in the inclusion of seventeen (seven acute, ten chronic) randomized controlled trials. A random effects model was conducted on cardiometabolic outcomes reported in at least three studies.

Recent findings: Acute intake increased plasma antioxidant activity and lowered postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Chronic consumption was associated with reductions in fasting glucose (WMD: -1.60 mg/dL; 95% CI:-3.05,-0.14, p = 0.03, k = 5, n = 349), weight (WMD: -0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.02, p = 0.03, k = 3, n = 182), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -1.39 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.56, p = 0.001, k = 3, n = 185). No effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure was found. The consumption of pigmented rice may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the small number of studies and differences in study design, including participants' health status, form of rice utilized, and duration of intervention, support the need for more high-quality trials to further investigate these findings.

审查目的:包含多酚的膳食模式可能有助于控制心脏代谢风险因素。色素大米含有酚酸和类黄酮,具有抗氧化特性。本综述研究了含多酚的色素大米对成年人抗氧化状态、血脂、血糖/胰岛素、血压和体重的影响。根据 PRISMA 指南(PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42022358132),系统检索了 PubMed、ProQuest、EBSCOhost 和 Google Scholar 等四个电子数据库中 2000 年以来发表的相关英文文章。通过两阶段筛选,共纳入了 17 项(7 项急性、10 项慢性)随机对照试验。对至少三项研究中报告的心脏代谢结果采用了随机效应模型:急性摄入可提高血浆抗氧化活性,降低餐后血糖和胰岛素水平。长期食用与空腹血糖(WMD:-1.60 mg/dL;95% CI:-3.05,-0.14,p = 0.03,k = 5,n = 349)、体重(WMD:-0.23 kg,95% CI:-0.44,-0.02,p = 0.03,k = 3,n = 182)和舒张压(WMD:-1.39 mmHg,95% CI:-2.21,-0.56,p = 0.001,k = 3,n = 185)的降低有关。对总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、体重指数和收缩压没有影响。食用色素大米可能会改善心脏代谢风险因素。然而,由于研究数量较少,且研究设计存在差异,包括参与者的健康状况、使用的大米形式和干预持续时间,因此需要更多高质量的试验来进一步研究这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Supplement Use in Sport Climbing. 运动攀岩的生理特征、饮食摄入量和补充剂使用情况。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00511-x
Linda Okoren, Faidon Magkos

Purpose of review: As sport climbing has become an Olympic sport and keeps gaining in popularity, there is growing interest in the role of diet and the effect of dietary supplements on climbing performance. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the dietary intake of climbers and discuss ergogenic aids that could improve their performance.

Recent findings: Limited information is available regarding the dietary intake and eating habits of climbers, and the studies conducted are few and far between. The diet of climbers is apparently suboptimal, with inadequate energy intakes often owning to insufficient carbohydrate consumption. Likewise, supplement use and ergogenic aids for climbing performance are largely unexplored. Several ergogenic aids have been suggested to improve climbing performance; however, only two have been examined directly on climbing-specific outcomes. The dietary intake, eating behaviors, and supplement use in sport climbers are not well studied, and available information is most likely outdated. Considerably, more work is needed to determine which ergogenic aids can be beneficial for climbing performance.

回顾的目的:随着攀岩运动成为奥林匹克运动项目并日益普及,人们越来越关注饮食的作用以及膳食补充剂对攀岩成绩的影响。本综述旨在深入了解攀岩运动员的膳食摄入情况,并讨论可提高其运动表现的生力辅助食品:有关登山者饮食摄入量和饮食习惯的信息十分有限,所进行的研究也少之又少。登山运动员的饮食显然不够理想,能量摄入不足往往导致碳水化合物摄入不足。同样,针对攀岩运动表现的补充剂和生肌辅助品的使用在很大程度上也没有得到研究。有几种生力辅助食品被认为可以提高攀岩成绩,但只有两种直接针对攀岩特定结果进行了研究。关于运动攀岩者的饮食摄入、饮食行为和补充剂使用情况的研究也不多,现有的信息很可能已经过时。因此,还需要做更多的工作,以确定哪些生力辅助品对攀岩运动表现有益。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media-Delivered Lifestyle Interventions Among Individuals Living with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Scoping Review. 社交媒体对糖尿病和前驱糖尿病患者的生活方式干预:范围综述
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00507-7
Geok Pei Lim, Jamuna Rani Appalasamy, Badariah Ahmad, Kia Fatt Quek, Amutha Ramadas

Purpose of review: There is a lack of synthesized evidence on social media-delivered lifestyle interventions for managing and preventing diabetes. This scoping review aims to evaluate recently reported lifestyle interventions delivered on social media for individuals with diabetes and prediabetes.

Recent findings: Twelve studies were included in this review. A team of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals coordinated most interventions, half of which lasted for 6 months, and used a combination of videos, texts, images or audio to deliver the educational materials. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level improved in most of the studies, followed by diabetes self-care and fasting plasma glucose. The dietary intakes were only assessed in two interventions among the individuals with prediabetes and showed promising improvements. This scoping review provides a holistic overview of the recent designs of lifestyle interventions for diabetes management and prevention on social media. This is essential for various healthcare professionals and stakeholders to formulate and implement population-based, cost-effective interventions in combating diabetes using social media.

综述目的:目前缺乏综合证据证明社交媒体提供的生活方式干预可以管理和预防糖尿病。本综述旨在评估最近在社交媒体上报道的针对糖尿病和前驱糖尿病患者的生活方式干预措施。最新发现:本综述纳入了12项研究。一个由多学科医疗保健专业人员组成的团队协调了大多数干预措施,其中一半持续了6个月,并使用视频、文本、图像或音频的组合来提供教育材料。在大多数研究中,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平有所改善,其次是糖尿病自我护理和空腹血糖。饮食摄入量仅在两种干预措施中对糖尿病前期患者进行了评估,并显示出有希望的改善。这篇范围综述提供了最近在社交媒体上对糖尿病管理和预防的生活方式干预设计的整体概述。这对于各种卫生保健专业人员和利益攸关方利用社交媒体制定和实施基于人群的、具有成本效益的糖尿病防治干预措施至关重要。
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Current Nutrition Reports
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