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A Century of Influences on Parental Feeding in America. 一个世纪对美国父母喂养的影响。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00499-4
Allison Kiefner-Burmeister, Claire C Heilman

Purpose of review: Childhood obesity, food deserts, food prices, and a lack of nutritional knowledge are rising concerns in the USA. Parental feeding goals and practices have shifted greatly in the past century and families now rely almost solely on the corporate food industry. Industrial farming and corporate production of food stuffs can be damaging to the environment, animal ethics, and the health of children and families. This review examines how the history of the USA intertwines with parental feeding along with maternal and child health and well-being.

Recent findings: Grass roots efforts are underway to educate the public in nutrition and gardening. Knowledge of food basics, cooking, and animal husbandry can have a positive influence on the health of children and families, especially those living in food deserts. The proliferation of farmers' markets may provide a safe-hold for those wishing to feed local, ethically produced foods to their families. Historical information on how US families became dependent upon factory farmed foods and lost their knowledge of food growth may help guide future communities on educational programming. Children who are educated on healthy foods have more interest in eating nourishing, clean foods. Family education and school programming on nutrition and gardening may work to ease absolute dependence on factory farmed foods and help to lower childhood obesity and related diseases.

综述目的:儿童肥胖、食物沙漠、食品价格和缺乏营养知识在美国越来越令人担忧。在过去的一个世纪里,父母的喂养目标和做法发生了巨大变化,家庭现在几乎完全依赖企业食品行业。工业化农业和企业生产食品可能会破坏环境、动物伦理以及儿童和家庭的健康。这篇综述探讨了美国的历史如何与父母的喂养以及母婴健康和幸福交织在一起。最近的发现:基层正在努力教育公众营养和园艺。食物基础知识、烹饪和畜牧业可以对儿童和家庭的健康产生积极影响,尤其是那些生活在食物沙漠中的儿童和家庭。农贸市场的激增可能会为那些希望为家人提供当地合乎道德生产的食品的人提供一个安全的住所。关于美国家庭如何依赖工厂化养殖食品并失去对食品增长的了解的历史信息可能有助于指导未来的社区制定教育计划。受过健康食品教育的孩子对吃营养丰富、清洁的食物更感兴趣。关于营养和园艺的家庭教育和学校规划可能有助于缓解对工厂化养殖食品的绝对依赖,并有助于降低儿童肥胖和相关疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaires Developed for the Athletic Population: a Systematic Review. 为运动员开发的运动营养知识问卷:系统回顾。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00494-9
Ranil Jayawardena, Kalani Weerasinghe, Gina Trakman, Terrence Madhujith, Andrew P Hills, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana

Purpose of review: Sports nutrition (SN) is pivotal in aiding athletes to reach peak performance, minimize sport-related injuries, enhance career longevity, and improve general health. An accurate assessment of athletes' sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) is required to design targeted nutrition education programs aimed at enhancing both nutritional knowledge and dietary practices. This review systematically evaluates studies that use questionnaires to assess the SNK of athletes engaged in athletics.

Recent findings: The literature search was conducted in PubMed®, Web of Science®, and Scopus®, and 375 potentially relevant articles were identified. The total number of articles included in the present review is 11, with eight studies involving only athletic disciplines and three involving athletics and other sports. The majority (n = 8) of the questionnaires included general and SN aspects, with SN covering endurance athletes' knowledge of competition carbohydrate guidelines, gastrointestinal symptoms associated with exercise, and ultra-endurance athletes' sodium beliefs and practices. Questionnaires were either delivered online (n = 7) or self-administered in hard copy (n = 1). The three major strategies identified for developing questionnaires were based on previous literature and recent SN guidelines (n = 6), consultation with a panel of experts (n = 7), and the use of a previously developed sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires (SNKQ) (n = 4), with more than one approach used in five studies. Similarly, up to three validation approaches were used, including content, face, and construct validity. Seven studies used a test-retest procedure to ensure external reliability, and eight used Cronbach's alpha or kappa coefficient to assess internal consistency. Endurance and ultra-endurance athletes are the populations of interest for the majority of questionnaires developed for athletics, with most questionnaires incorporating general and SNK topics.

审查目的:运动营养(SN)在帮助运动员达到最佳表现、减少运动相关损伤、延长职业寿命以及改善总体健康状况方面起着关键作用。需要对运动员的运动营养知识(SNK)进行准确评估,以设计有针对性的营养教育计划,提高运动员的营养知识水平和饮食实践能力。本综述系统地评估了使用调查问卷评估田径运动员运动营养知识的研究:在 PubMed®、Web of Science® 和 Scopus® 中进行了文献检索,发现了 375 篇可能相关的文章。本综述共收录了 11 篇文章,其中 8 项研究仅涉及体育学科,3 项研究涉及田径和其他运动。大多数(n = 8)调查问卷包括一般和营养素方面的内容,其中营养素方面的内容包括耐力运动员对比赛碳水化合物指南的了解、与运动相关的胃肠道症状以及超耐力运动员的钠信念和做法。问卷采用在线发放(7 份)或硬拷贝自填(1 份)的方式。开发问卷的三种主要策略分别是基于以往文献和最近的钠指南(n = 6)、咨询专家小组(n = 7)以及使用以前开发的运动营养知识问卷(SNKQ)(n = 4),其中有五项研究使用了一种以上的方法。同样,使用的验证方法也多达三种,包括内容效度、表面效度和结构效度。有 7 项研究使用了重复测试程序来确保外部可靠性,有 8 项研究使用了 Cronbach's alpha 或 kappa 系数来评估内部一致性。耐力和超耐力运动员是大多数为田径运动开发的调查问卷所关注的人群,大多数调查问卷都包含一般和SNK主题。
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引用次数: 0
Gender-Affirming Nutrition: An Overview of Eating Disorders in the Transgender Population. 性别认同营养:跨性别人群饮食障碍综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00504-w
Ozge Yesildemir, Gamze Akbulut

Purpose of review: Transgender individuals are vulnerable to many nutrition-related conditions, especially eating disorders due to gender dysphoria. This review aims to summarize the current literature on eating disorders in transgender individuals. The issues that should be considered in nutrition care for the transgender population are discussed regarding public health.

Recent findings: Transgender individuals can exhibit disordered eating behaviors to overcome the stress they experience due to stigma, discrimination, social exclusion, and abuse. Recent studies showed that disordered eating and clinical eating disorders are more prevalent among transgender than cisgender people. It is very important for a multidisciplinary team working in the clinic to understand the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of eating disorders in the transgender population. However, multidisciplinary nutritional care is limited due to the lack of transgender-specific nutrition guidelines. It is safe to say that adhering to a generally healthy nutritional pattern and using standardized nutrition guidelines. We recommend that health professionals working with patients/clients with eating disorders receive continuing education in transgender health, be empowering and inclusive, address patients/clients with their gender identity nouns and pronouns, and develop nutritional treatment plans that are not gender-specific. Eating disorders are a significant public health problem in the transgender population. Therefore, clinical screening and early intervention are necessary to identify and treat eating disorders in transgender people. Eating disorders in the transgender population should be monitored routinely, and gender-affirming care should be provided as well as treatment of eating disorders.

综述的目的:跨性别个体容易受到许多营养相关疾病的影响,尤其是由于性别焦虑症引起的饮食失调。这篇综述旨在总结目前关于跨性别者饮食失调的文献。讨论了跨性别人群营养护理中应考虑的公共卫生问题。最近的发现:跨性别者可以表现出紊乱的饮食行为,以克服他们因污名、歧视、社会排斥和虐待而经历的压力。最近的研究表明,饮食紊乱和临床饮食失调在跨性别者中比顺性别者更普遍。对于在诊所工作的多学科团队来说,了解跨性别人群饮食失调的流行病学、病因、诊断标准和治疗非常重要。然而,由于缺乏针对变性人的营养指南,多学科营养护理受到限制。可以肯定地说,坚持普遍健康的营养模式并使用标准化的营养指南。我们建议与饮食失调患者/客户合作的卫生专业人员接受跨性别健康方面的继续教育,增强能力和包容性,用他们的性别认同名词和代词来称呼患者/客户,并制定不针对性别的营养治疗计划。饮食失调是跨性别人群中一个重要的公共卫生问题。因此,临床筛查和早期干预对于识别和治疗变性人的饮食障碍是必要的。应定期监测跨性别人群的饮食失调,并提供性别确认护理和饮食失调治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Obesity Among Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Observational Studies. 年轻人肥胖的饮食和生活方式危险因素:观察性研究的范围综述
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00513-9
Ke Xin Lee, Kia Fatt Quek, Amutha Ramadas

Purpose of review: Obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, especially among young adults. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the current evidence on dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity among young adults.

Recent findings: A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of five electronic databases published from inception to October 2023 was conducted. A total of 46 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings suggest that high intake of energy-dense foods, unhealthy eating habits, poor sleep quality, and increased screen time were significant risk factors for obesity among young adults. In contrast, the association between obesity and sedentary behavior, low physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits was inconclusive. The reviewed evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of obesity among young adults. The findings highlight the need for further research on these modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage obesity among young adults.

综述目的:肥胖是世界范围内日益严重的公共卫生问题,尤其是在年轻人中。本综述旨在确定和总结当前与年轻人肥胖相关的饮食和生活方式风险因素的证据。近期发现:使用PRISMA-ScR指南进行了范围审查。系统地检索了自成立至2023年10月出版的五个电子数据库。共有46项观察性研究符合纳入标准并纳入本综述。研究结果表明,高能量食物的摄入、不健康的饮食习惯、糟糕的睡眠质量以及屏幕时间的增加是年轻人肥胖的重要风险因素。相比之下,肥胖与久坐行为、低体力活动水平、饮酒和吸烟习惯之间的关系尚无定论。经过审查的证据表明,不健康的饮食习惯和生活方式行为与年轻人肥胖风险增加有关。研究结果强调,需要进一步研究这些可改变的风险因素,以预防和控制年轻人的肥胖。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Food-Shaping Techniques on Nutrition, Mealtime Experiences, and Quality of Life for Older Adults in Aged Care Settings: A Systematic Review. 食物整形技术对老年护理机构中老年人营养、用餐体验和生活质量的影响:系统回顾
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00493-w
Lily Chen, Bronwyn Hemsley, Deborah Debono

Objective: Food-shaping methods, particularly for texture-modified foods, present numerous opportunities to improve the visual appeal of food and potentially the nutrition of older people with dysphagia (swallowing difficulty). This review appraises and synthesizes the evidence on the use of food-shaping methods to enhance nutrition in older adults with swallowing difficulties.

Methods: In August 2022, five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for original research related to the intersection of nutrition, food shaping, and older adults with swallowing difficulties. Characteristics of included studies were described and data from results and findings extracted for analysis across studies.

Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and encompassed a variety of settings, including aged care settings (n = 15) and food science laboratories (n = 3). Qualitative and quantitative findings demonstrated a variety of impacts of food shaping for the older adult with swallowing difficulty, including enhanced nutrition and wellbeing. The content themes identified across studies were: links between food shaping and nutrition, shaping food for individual choice, food shaping for enjoyment, a combination of supporting factors, collaborative inter-disciplinary teams and roles, and implementation aligns with local contexts.

Conclusion: With recent growth in research on food shaping, the body of studies reviewed identified an influence of food-shaping methods on the nutritional status of older adults with swallowing difficulties. Given the identified potential benefit of food shaping and attention to the visual appeal of food for older people, further research examining links between food shaping and nutrition are warranted.

目的:食品塑形方法,尤其是质地改良食品的塑形方法,为改善食品的视觉吸引力提供了许多机会,并有可能改善吞咽困难(吞咽困难)老年人的营养状况。本综述评估并综合了有关使用食物整形方法为有吞咽困难的老年人增加营养的证据:2022 年 8 月,我们在五个电子数据库(PubMed、CINAHL、Scopus、Cochrane Library 和 Web of Science)中搜索了与营养、食物塑形和有吞咽困难的老年人相关的原始研究。对纳入研究的特点进行了描述,并提取了研究结果和结论中的数据,以便对不同研究进行分析:结果:18 项研究符合纳入标准,涵盖各种环境,包括老年护理环境(15 项)和食品科学实验室(3 项)。定性和定量研究结果表明,食物塑形对有吞咽困难的老年人有多种影响,包括增强营养和提高健康水平。各项研究确定的内容主题包括:食物塑形与营养之间的联系、为个人选择而塑形、为享受而塑形、支持因素的组合、跨学科团队和角色的合作以及根据当地情况实施:随着最近食物塑形研究的发展,所审查的研究发现食物塑形方法对有吞咽困难的老年人的营养状况有影响。鉴于食物塑形的潜在益处以及对老年人食物视觉吸引力的关注,有必要进一步研究食物塑形与营养之间的联系。
{"title":"The Impact of Food-Shaping Techniques on Nutrition, Mealtime Experiences, and Quality of Life for Older Adults in Aged Care Settings: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Lily Chen, Bronwyn Hemsley, Deborah Debono","doi":"10.1007/s13668-023-00493-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-023-00493-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Food-shaping methods, particularly for texture-modified foods, present numerous opportunities to improve the visual appeal of food and potentially the nutrition of older people with dysphagia (swallowing difficulty). This review appraises and synthesizes the evidence on the use of food-shaping methods to enhance nutrition in older adults with swallowing difficulties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In August 2022, five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for original research related to the intersection of nutrition, food shaping, and older adults with swallowing difficulties. Characteristics of included studies were described and data from results and findings extracted for analysis across studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and encompassed a variety of settings, including aged care settings (n = 15) and food science laboratories (n = 3). Qualitative and quantitative findings demonstrated a variety of impacts of food shaping for the older adult with swallowing difficulty, including enhanced nutrition and wellbeing. The content themes identified across studies were: links between food shaping and nutrition, shaping food for individual choice, food shaping for enjoyment, a combination of supporting factors, collaborative inter-disciplinary teams and roles, and implementation aligns with local contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With recent growth in research on food shaping, the body of studies reviewed identified an influence of food-shaping methods on the nutritional status of older adults with swallowing difficulties. Given the identified potential benefit of food shaping and attention to the visual appeal of food for older people, further research examining links between food shaping and nutrition are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10766673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10147081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutritional and Health-Promoting Effects of Lichens Used in Food Applications. 地衣在食品应用中的营养和健康促进作用。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00489-6
Monika Thakur, Indra Kumar Kasi, Pungbili Islary, Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti

Purpose of review: Lichens have a huge significance which is used in nutrition due to the bioactive components within. Lichen is a nutrient-dense resourceful diet nearly every day meal and has long been used as food; also, these valuable natural resources are now being utilized for a wide range of other purposes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the nutritional and edible qualities of lichens as well as the possible health benefits of lichens. It is interesting to note that lichen is a nutrient-dense and functional food. It is a nutritional resource that can mitigate the effects of malnutrition to some amount.

Recent findings: There is an indication that an intake of lichens as natural foods was associated with nutritional and health-promoting properties. Lichens have proven to have theoretically rich nutritional value, and their extracts and active constituents have also been shown to have multiple health benefits. Low-fat content, high carbohydrate, and crude fibre content; plentiful mineral components; and good protein sources are all thought to contribute to lichen's nutritional value. There is a lot of potential for using lichens as an effective food source and ensuring people's food production.

审查目的:由于地衣中含有生物活性成分,地衣在营养学中的应用意义重大。地衣是一种营养丰富的资源性食物,几乎每天都能吃到,长期以来一直被用作食物;此外,这些宝贵的自然资源现在还被广泛用于其他用途。本综述的目的是评估地衣的营养和食用品质,以及地衣对健康可能产生的益处。值得注意的是,地衣是一种营养丰富的功能性食物。它是一种营养资源,可以在一定程度上减轻营养不良的影响:最新发现:有迹象表明,摄入地衣这种天然食物具有营养和促进健康的特性。地衣已被证明具有理论上的丰富营养价值,其提取物和活性成分也被证明具有多种健康益处。低脂肪含量、高碳水化合物和粗纤维含量、丰富的矿物质成分以及良好的蛋白质来源都被认为是地衣营养价值的来源。将地衣用作有效的食物来源并确保人们的粮食生产大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammation, Nutrition, and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review. 癌症乳腺癌幸存者的炎症、营养和临床结果:叙述性综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00495-8
Manjinder Kaur Pannu, Constantina Constantinou

Purpose of review: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among women aged 44-55 years globally. Pro-inflammatory food can cause tissue-level inflammation, thereby creating a carcinogenic microenvironment and promoting breast cancer. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the association between inflammation and nutrition and clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Recent findings: Pro-inflammatory diets are associated with a higher mortality risk after diagnosis and worse prognosis after treatment. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory diets may improve tissue-level inflammation and improve the overall prognosis and quality of life of survivors. There is strong evidence that the Mediterranean diet in particular is associated with reduced recurrence risk of breast cancer and improved quality of life of survivors. This narrative review provides evidence that there is a strong association between inflammation, dietary habits, and adverse clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors. It further discusses the current evidence for the role of dietary management in improving clinical outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

综述目的:癌症(BC)是全球44岁至55岁女性死亡的主要原因。促炎食物可引起组织级炎症,从而产生致癌微环境,并促进癌症。这篇综述的目的是概述癌症幸存者的炎症、营养和临床结果之间的关系。最近的发现:促炎性饮食与诊断后更高的死亡率和治疗后更差的预后有关。另一方面,抗炎饮食可以改善组织水平的炎症,改善幸存者的整体预后和生活质量。有强有力的证据表明,地中海饮食尤其与降低癌症复发风险和提高幸存者的生活质量有关。这篇叙述性综述提供了证据,证明癌症幸存者的炎症、饮食习惯和不良临床结果之间存在着强烈的关联。它进一步讨论了饮食管理在改善癌症幸存者临床结果中的作用的现有证据。
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引用次数: 0
Diet-Related Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Italian Prisoners: B.A.C.I. (Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane, Well-Being Inside the Italian Prisons) Project by the Italian Society of Penitentiary Medicine and Public Health (S.I.M.S.Pe. Società Italiana di Medicina e Sanità Penitenziaria). 意大利囚犯患慢性非传染性疾病的饮食相关风险因素:意大利监狱医学与公共卫生学会(S.I.M.S.Pe.SocietàItaliana di Medicina e SanitàPenitenzaria)的B.A.C.I.项目(Benessere All'terno delle Carceri Italiane,《意大利监狱内的幸福》)。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00502-y
Ludovica Verde, Antonio Maria Pagano, Monica de Leo, Claudia Vetrani, Antinea Ambretti, Luciano Lucania, Sergio Babudieri, Anna De Chiara, Annamaria Colao, Michele Corsi, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea

Purpose of review: The review aims to present an overview of inmate health, focusing on lifestyle-related diseases, physical activity levels, and nutritional status. It also presents the B.A.C.I. (Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane, well-being inside the Italian prisons) project, which aims to offers an innovative path of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) related to unhealthy lifestyles in prisons in the Campania region, Italy.

Recent findings: The global prison population has risen by 24% since the year 2000, with over 10.77 million people detained worldwide in 2021. In Italy alone, there are currently over 57,000 inmates. Inmates face a higher risk of NCDs such as cardiovascular disease due to unhealthy lifestyles characterized by poor diets and lack of physical activity. Additionally, sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, are prevalent among inmates, further contributing to health disparities. While physical activity has shown positive effects on inmate well-being, there is limited research on nutritional status and interventions in prison populations. Providing quality healthcare to inmates is an international policy norm, but the standards vary globally and are often inadequate. The economic burden of NCDs is rising, and this is exacerbated in prisons, making it challenging for individuals to reintegrate into society after release.

审查目的:审查旨在概述囚犯的健康状况,重点关注与生活方式相关的疾病、体育活动水平和营养状况。它还介绍了B.A.C.I.(Benessere All'interno delle Carceri Italiane,意大利监狱内的幸福感)项目,该项目旨在为意大利坎帕尼亚地区监狱中与不健康生活方式有关的非传染性疾病(NCDs)的预防、诊断和治疗提供一条创新的途径,2021年,全球有超过1077万人被拘留。仅在意大利,目前就有57000多名囚犯。由于不良饮食和缺乏体育活动等不健康的生活方式,囚犯患心血管疾病等非传染性疾病的风险更高。此外,睡眠障碍,特别是失眠,在囚犯中普遍存在,进一步加剧了健康差距。虽然体育活动对囚犯的健康有积极影响,但对监狱人口的营养状况和干预措施的研究有限。为囚犯提供高质量的医疗保健是一项国际政策规范,但全球标准各不相同,而且往往不够。非传染性疾病的经济负担正在增加,在监狱中这种情况更加严重,使个人在获释后重新融入社会具有挑战性。
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引用次数: 0
New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. ω-3 PUFAs对健康潜力的新认识
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6
V Iswareya Lakshimi, M Kavitha

Purpose of review: Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio.

Recent findings: ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.

综述目的:二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸是两种促进人体健康的必需长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs),可通过饮食或补充剂获得。ω-6和ω-3 PUFAs衍生的二十烷类化合物具有相反的促炎和抗炎活性。ω-6 PUFA的促炎作用是PUFA代谢不良健康状况的病理背后,如心血管疾病、神经系统疾病和炎症性疾病。均衡的ω-6与ω-3比值为1-4:1对于预防相关疾病至关重要。但由于现代农业实践,这一比例发生了灾难性的转变,变成了10-20:1。这篇综述的主要目的是讨论通过最近的研究发现的ω-3 pufa的无数健康潜力。它进一步体现了保持平衡ω-6至ω-3 PUFA比率的重要性。最近的研究发现:ω-3 PUFAs对糖尿病相关并发症(包括糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病和蛋白尿)具有保护作用。ω-3 pufa对健康的益处也不例外。补充ω-3 PUFAs可改善COVID-19患者的呼吸症状和临床症状。ω-3 PUFAs具有多种健康益处,包括抗炎特性和抗菌特性,可有效预防各种健康状况,如动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、糖尿病、COVID-19和神经系统疾病。本文就ω-3 pufa的各种健康潜力进行了综述。此外,除了说明ω-3 PUFA的各种来源外,还强调了平衡ω-6至ω-3 PUFA比率的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetics of Drugs: a Review of Current Evidence. 减肥手术对药物药代动力学的影响:现有证据综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00498-5
Sofia K Konstantinidou, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos

Purpose of review: Obesity constitutes a major public health concern and has been recognized as an epidemic. To date, bariatric surgery remains the most effective way for substantial long-lasting weight loss in severe obesity. The purpose of this review is to summarize how the pharmacokinetics of drugs are affected by the most common types of bariatric surgery, i.e., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Recent findings: Limited data are available regarding the changes in pharmacokinetics of drugs after bariatric surgery. The lack of existing guidelines may lead patients to experience drug toxicity or therapeutic undertreatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters that need to be taken into consideration postoperatively include gastric motility, gastric volume, pH, surface area, bile secretions, carrier proteins, and first-pass metabolism. For drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, other factors need to be monitored closely, including plasma drug levels, patients' clinical outcomes, and laboratory markers. Patients should be followed up frequently and treated in accordance with their response to the drug therapy. Bariatric surgery may affect the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, due to the resultant anatomical changes and the substantial weight loss. Therefore, there is a need to identify those potential changes and adjust patients' medication doses in order to achieve higher efficacy and avoid toxicity.

审查目的:肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题,已被公认为一种流行病。到目前为止,减肥手术仍然是严重肥胖患者长期减重的最有效方法。本综述的目的是总结最常见的减肥手术类型,即Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(RYGB)和袖状胃切除术(SG)如何影响药物的药代动力学。最近的研究结果:关于减肥手术后药物药代动力学变化的数据有限。现有指南的缺乏可能导致患者出现药物毒性或治疗不足。术后需要考虑的药代动力学参数包括胃动力、胃容量、pH、表面积、胆汁分泌物、载体蛋白和首过代谢。对于治疗指数较窄的药物,需要密切监测其他因素,包括血浆药物水平、患者的临床结果和实验室标志物。应经常对患者进行随访,并根据其对药物治疗的反应进行治疗。减肥手术可能会影响各种药物的药代动力学,因为由此产生的解剖变化和体重的大幅减轻。因此,有必要识别这些潜在的变化并调整患者的药物剂量,以获得更高的疗效并避免毒性。
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Current Nutrition Reports
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