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Toxicity of simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injection of voriconazole on corneal endothelium in a rabbit model. 同时眼内和眼内注射伏立康唑对兔角膜内皮的毒性作用。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2226714
Ji Young Moon, Wool Suh, Roo Min Jun, Kyung Eun Han

Purpose: To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model.

Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits (six eyes per group) were divided into 6 groups according to the concentration of voriconazole (Group A, 0%; Group B, 0.05%; Group C, 0.1%; Group D, 0.25%; Group E, 0.5%; Group F, 1%). A combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections were administrated to the eyes of each group three times on days 0, 3, and 7. Corneal clouding grades and central corneal thickness (CCT) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The endothelial cell counts (ECC) were measured on days 0 and 14. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on day 14.

Results: Group F (1%) showed more severe corneal clouding than the other groups (Groups A-E) from day 7 (p < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in CCT and ECC among the six groups at any time point (p > 0.05, respectively). SEM revealed blurring of the cell border and loss of microvilli at concentrations ≥0.25% (Groups D-F). TEM revealed microstructural changes in endothelial cells at concentrations ≥0.1% (Groups C-F), and multiple vacuoles were observed at a concentration of 1% voriconazole (Group F).

Conclusions: Repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections at a concentration of 0.1% or higher induced microstructural endothelial damage in rabbit corneal endothelial cells.

目的:观察伏立康唑反复同时注射对兔角膜内皮细胞的毒性。方法:36只新西兰大白兔18只,每组6只,按伏立康唑浓度分为6组(A组,0%;B组,0.05%;C组,0.1%;D组,0.25%;E组,0.5%;F组,1%)。各组分别于第0、3、7天眼内联合注射伏立康唑3次。分别于第0、3、7、10、14天检测角膜混浊等级和角膜中央厚度(CCT)。分别于第0、14天测定内皮细胞计数(ECC)。第14天进行扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)检查。结果:从第7天开始,F组(1%)的角膜混浊程度明显高于其他各组(A-E组)(p < 0.05)。扫描电镜显示浓度≥0.25%时细胞边界模糊,微绒毛缺失(D-F组)。电镜显示,浓度≥0.1% (C-F组)时内皮细胞微结构发生改变,1%伏立康唑(F组)时内皮细胞出现多个空泡。结论:0.1%及以上浓度的伏立康唑反复同时注射可诱导兔角膜内皮细胞微结构内皮损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Short time effect of sodium fluorescein on chorodial vascularity index. 荧光素钠对脉络膜血管指数的短期影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227894
Selim Cevher, Mehmet Barış Üçer, Mustafa Duran

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium fluorescein on the choroidal vascularity index (CVI).

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 27 eyes of 27 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (without maculopathy and any systemic disease) who performed fluorescein angiography (FA) procedure were included. Choroidal parameters such as choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), LA/SA, and CVI were examined with the optical coherence tomography and binarization technique at baseline and 5th, 15th, and 30th minutes after FA. The values of the parameters before and after the procedure were compared.

Results: At baseline, the mean values of the TCA, LA, SA, LA/SA, and CVI were 0.44 ± 0.14mm2, 0.29 ± 0.09 mm2, 0.15 ± 0.05 mm2, 1.87 ± 0.19. Five minutes later to FA, the mean values of the TCA, LA, SA, LA/SA, and CVI were 0.43 ± 0.13 mm2, 0.28 ± 0.08 mm2, 0.15 ± 0.05 mm2, 1.82 ± 0.20, and 0.64 ± 0.03, respectively. There was a significant decrease in LA and CVI values 5 minutes after FA (p:0.002 and p:0.021, respectively). On the other hand, the mean, nasal, subfoveal, and temporal CT were 279.22 ± 93.40 μm, 289.78 ± 91.17 μm, 267.44 ± 95.71 μm before FA and 270.33 ± 90.34 μm, 279.67 ± 90.01 μm, 261.82 ± 95.82 μm 5 minutes after FA (p = 0.960, p = 0.952, and p = 0.991, respectively). Although there was a reduction in the value of CT, there was not a statistically significant difference between before and after FA.

Conclusions: This study shows that there was a significant decrease in LA and CVI values 5 minutes after FA in patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

目的:探讨荧光素钠对脉络膜血管指数(CVI)的影响。材料和方法:在这项横断面研究中,27例轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(无黄斑病变和任何系统性疾病)患者进行荧光素血管造影(FA)手术,共27只眼。应用光学相干层析成像及二值化技术分别于基线及术后第5、15、30分钟检测脉络膜厚度(CT)、总脉络膜面积(TCA)、管腔面积(LA)、基质面积(SA)、LA/SA、CVI等脉络膜参数。比较了手术前后各参数的取值。结果:基线时TCA、LA、SA、LA/SA、CVI平均值分别为0.44±0.14mm2、0.29±0.09 mm2、0.15±0.05 mm2、1.87±0.19。FA后5 min, TCA、LA、SA、LA/SA、CVI平均值分别为0.43±0.13 mm2、0.28±0.08 mm2、0.15±0.05 mm2、1.82±0.20、0.64±0.03。FA后5 min LA和CVI值显著降低(p:0.002和p:0.021)。FA前鼻部、中央凹下、颞部CT平均为279.22±93.40 μm、289.78±91.17 μm、267.44±95.71 μm, FA后5 min分别为270.33±90.34 μm、279.67±90.01 μm、261.82±95.82 μm (p = 0.960、p = 0.952、p = 0.991)。虽然CT值有所降低,但FA前后的差异无统计学意义。结论:本研究显示,轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者FA后5分钟LA和CVI值显著下降。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological evaluation of a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation upon dermal application using animal models. 一种非致死性防暴组合制剂在动物模型皮肤应用上的毒理学评价。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2220393
Sanghita Das, Achintya Saha, Amartya Banerjee, Danswrang Goyary, Sanjeev Karmakar, Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Numerous adverse effects on human health have been reported in epidemiological studies of oleoresin capsicum (OC) and other riot control agents (RCAs). Importantly, the daunting risk of such RCAs can be neutralized by optimizing the desired concentration of such agents for mob dispersal. Hence, a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) was prepared for dispersing rioters without imparting fatal outcomes. However, for desired utilization of NCF, it is essential to recognize its extent of potential toxicity. Therefore, the current investigation evaluated the dermal toxicity of NCF using experimental animals in compliance with the OECD guidelines. Additionally, few essential metal ions were analyzed and found non -significantly different in the test rats as compared to control rats. Moreover, abnormal dermal morphology and lesions ultrastructural tissue defects were not noticed as evinced by different studies like ultrasonography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Further, Doppler ultrasonography exhibited non-significantly different blood flow velocity in both groups, whereas miles test demonstrated a significantly increased Evans blue concentration in test rats compared to the control rats, which might be due to an initial increase in blood flow via an instant action of the NCF at the cutaneous sensory nerve endings. However, our results demonstrated NCF can produce initial skin irritating and sensitizing effects in guinea pigs and rabbits without the antecedence of acute toxicity (≤2000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats.

在流行病学研究中,已经报告了油树脂辣椒(OC)和其他防暴剂(RCAs)对人类健康的许多不利影响。重要的是,这种rca的令人生畏的风险可以通过优化这种药物的理想浓度来消除。因此,制备了一种非致命的防暴控制组合制剂(NCF),用于驱散暴徒而不造成致命后果。然而,为了理想地利用NCF,必须认识到其潜在毒性的程度。因此,目前的研究根据经合组织的指导方针,使用实验动物评估了NCF的皮肤毒性。此外,对一些必需金属离子进行了分析,发现实验组大鼠与对照组大鼠无显著差异。超声检查、组织学检查、扫描电镜检查均未发现皮肤形态异常和病变超微结构组织缺损。此外,多普勒超声显示两组的血流速度无显著差异,而英里试验显示,与对照大鼠相比,实验组大鼠的埃文斯蓝浓度显著增加,这可能是由于NCF在皮肤感觉神经末梢的即时作用导致血流初始增加。然而,我们的研究结果表明,NCF可以在豚鼠和家兔中产生初始的皮肤刺激和致敏作用,而不会在Wistar大鼠中产生急性毒性(≤2000 mg/kg)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to in-vivo animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining. 研究皮肤接触活体动物模型对天花花叶毛衬里粉末配方抗暴性能的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227255
Trishna Mani Nath, Sanghita Das, Zothanpuia, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Purpose: Riot control agents (RCAs) such as CS, CN, CR, PAVA, and OC, etc., are already in use and has produced numerous health risks, including skin burns, dermatitis, gastrointestinal issues, impairment of respiratory variables, conjunctivitis, etc., and even prolonged and repeated exposure may cause death. Therefore, there is a demand and need for non-lethal, non-toxic RCAs that can effectively control riots without resulting in fatal outcomes. This study was carried out to evaluate the health risks related to a novel formulation made from isolated Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining, that can be used as the best suitable non-lethal RCAs.Methods: According to the OECD guidelines, studies on acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitisation were carried out. Wistar rats were used in an acute dermal toxicity study, and the results indicated no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal food-and-water intake, biochemical parameters, or histopathological examination findings. A study on dermal irritation in Rabbits produced moderate erythema and the effect was instantaneous and resolved within 72 hrs of post-exposure. A skin sensitisation test was conducted on Guinea pig.Results: The results showed that the formulation had moderate skin-sensitizing properties after the application of the challenge dose. Patchy erythema was seen, and it went away 30 hrs after the gauze patch was removed.Conclusion: The preclinical results did not produce any indication of severe toxicity which supports it to be used as a natural RCAs in the future.

目的:CS、CN、CR、PAVA和OC等防暴剂(RCAs)已经在使用,并产生了许多健康风险,包括皮肤烧伤、皮炎、胃肠道问题、呼吸变量损害、结膜炎等,甚至长期和反复接触可能导致死亡。因此,对非致命、无毒的可有效控制骚乱而不造成致命后果的rca有需求和需要。本研究旨在评价一种新型配方的健康风险,该配方可作为最合适的非致死性RCAs。方法:根据OECD指南,进行急性皮肤毒性、皮肤刺激/腐蚀和皮肤致敏研究。Wistar大鼠被用于急性皮肤毒性研究,结果显示没有死亡、发病率、食物和水摄入异常、生化参数或组织病理学检查结果。一项对家兔皮肤刺激的研究产生了中度红斑,效果是即时的,并在暴露后72小时内消退。对豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验。结果:攻毒剂量后,该制剂具有中等致敏性。出现斑片状红斑,取下纱布贴片30小时后消失。结论:临床前研究结果未显示出严重毒性,支持其在未来作为天然RCAs使用。
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引用次数: 1
Systemic isotretinoin therapy and central macular and choroidal thicknesses in acne vulgaris: is there any association? 寻常痤疮的全身异维甲酸治疗与中央黄斑和脉络膜厚度:有任何关联吗?
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227895
Alireza Dehghani, Saeed Kargar, Gita Faghihi, Neda Adibi, Pegah Noorshargh, Shakiba Dehghani, Mohsen Pourazizi, Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini

Purpose: To investigate the effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on central macular thickness (CMT) thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: CT and CMT thickness of 43 eyes were evaluated at baseline, the third, and sixth month of isotretinoin therapy by spectral-domain OCT. For assessment of CT, OCT measurements were obtained at the fovea with six additional measurements at adjacent locations (at 500-1000 µm temporal to the fovea and 500-1000 µm nasal to the fovea).

Results: Forty-three eyes from 43 patients with acne vulgaris, including 33 females (76.7%), who had a mean age of 24.81 ± 6.60 years, completed the study. The mean CMT was 231.49 ± 19.52 at the baseline and significantly decreased to 229.0 ± 19.57 (p = 0.02) and 229.28 ± 18.83 after three and six months, respectively (p < 0.03). The change in the macular thicknesses measured at four quadrants and choroidal thicknesses were not statistically significant during the study (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The result of our study demonstrated choroidal thickness change is not significant in patients with acne vulgaris after systemic isotretinoin therapy during six months of follow-up. The decreased CMT amount was 2.2 microns; even if statistically significant, this amount is clinically insignificant.

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)研究口服异维甲酸对黄斑中央厚度(CMT)和脉络膜厚度(CT)的影响。方法:在基线、异维甲酸治疗第3个月和第6个月,用光谱域OCT对43只眼的CT和CMT厚度进行评估。为了评估CT,在中央凹处进行OCT测量,并在邻近位置(距中央凹500-1000µm颞部和距中央凹500-1000µm鼻部)进行6次额外测量。结果:43例寻常性痤疮患者共43只眼完成研究,其中女性33例(76.7%),平均年龄24.81±6.60岁。基线时平均CMT为231.49±19.52,3个月和6个月后分别降至229.0±19.57 (p = 0.02)和229.28±18.83 (p > 0.05)。结论:本研究结果表明,寻常痤疮患者在接受系统异维甲酸治疗6个月后,脉络膜厚度变化不显著。CMT减少量为2.2 μ m;即使在统计学上是显著的,这个量在临床上是不显著的。
{"title":"Systemic isotretinoin therapy and central macular and choroidal thicknesses in acne vulgaris: is there any association?","authors":"Alireza Dehghani,&nbsp;Saeed Kargar,&nbsp;Gita Faghihi,&nbsp;Neda Adibi,&nbsp;Pegah Noorshargh,&nbsp;Shakiba Dehghani,&nbsp;Mohsen Pourazizi,&nbsp;Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2227895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2227895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on central macular thickness (CMT) thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CT and CMT thickness of 43 eyes were evaluated at baseline, the third, and sixth month of isotretinoin therapy by spectral-domain OCT. For assessment of CT, OCT measurements were obtained at the fovea with six additional measurements at adjacent locations (at 500-1000 µm temporal to the fovea and 500-1000 µm nasal to the fovea).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three eyes from 43 patients with acne vulgaris, including 33 females (76.7%), who had a mean age of 24.81 ± 6.60 years, completed the study. The mean CMT was 231.49 ± 19.52 at the baseline and significantly decreased to 229.0 ± 19.57 (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and 229.28 ± 18.83 after three and six months, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.03). The change in the macular thicknesses measured at four quadrants and choroidal thicknesses were not statistically significant during the study (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of our study demonstrated choroidal thickness change is not significant in patients with acne vulgaris after systemic isotretinoin therapy during six months of follow-up. The decreased CMT amount was 2.2 microns; even if statistically significant, this amount is clinically insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of adenosine triphosphate on amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation. 三磷酸腺苷对胺碘酮诱导大鼠视神经病变的影响:生化和组织病理学评价。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227265
Kemal Bayrakçeken, Rukiye Kilic Ucgul, Taha Coban, Gulce Yazıcı, Halis Suleyman

Objective: This study aims to investigate possible preventive effect of ATP on optic nerve damage caused by amiodarone in rats.

Material and method: Thirty albino male Wistar rats weighing between 265 and 278 g were used in the study. Before the experiment, the rats were housed at 22 °C in a 12-h light/dark cycle under appropriate condition. The rats were equally divided into five groups of six animals each: healthy group, 50 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-50), 100 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-100), 25 mg/kg ATP + 50 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-50), and 25 mg/kg ATP + 100 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-100). At the end of 14th day, the animals were sacrificed using cardiac puncture under deep thiopental anaesthesia, and optic nerve tissues were harvested to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) levels.

Results: The MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p ˂ 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the AMD-50 and ATAD-50 groups, and between the AMD-100 and ATAD-100 groups regarding MDA levels (p ˂ 0.001). tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels were significantly lower in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p ˂ 0.001). ATP was found to partially inhibit amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.

Conclusion: The biochemical and histopathological results of this study demonstrated that amiodarone at high doses caused more severe optic neuropathy inducing oxidative damage, but ATP could relatively antagonise these negative effects on the optic nerve. Therefore, we believe that ATP may be beneficial in preventing amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.

目的:探讨ATP对胺碘酮致大鼠视神经损伤的预防作用。材料与方法:选用体重265 ~ 278 g的雄性白化Wistar大鼠30只。实验前,在适宜条件下,将大鼠置于22°C, 12h明暗循环。将大鼠平均分为5组,每组6只:健康组、50 mg/kg胺碘酮(AMD-50)、100 mg/kg胺碘酮(AMD-100)、25 mg/kg ATP + 50 mg/kg胺碘酮(ATAD-50)、25 mg/kg ATP + 100 mg/kg胺碘酮(ATAD-100)。第14天结束时,在硫透钠深度麻醉下穿刺处死大鼠,取视神经组织测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总谷胱甘肽(tGSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平。结果:与健康组相比,AMD-50和AMD-100组的MDA水平显著升高(p小于0.001)。在MDA水平方面,AMD-50组和ATAD-50组之间以及AMD-100组和ATAD-100组之间也存在显著差异(p小于0.001)。与健康组相比,AMD-50和AMD-100组的tGSH、SOD和CAT水平显著降低(p小于0.001)。发现ATP部分抑制胺碘酮诱导的视神经病变。结论:本研究的生化和组织病理学结果表明,高剂量胺碘酮引起更严重的视神经病变和氧化损伤,而ATP可以相对拮抗这些负面影响。因此,我们认为ATP可能有助于预防胺碘酮诱导的视神经病变。
{"title":"Effect of adenosine triphosphate on amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation.","authors":"Kemal Bayrakçeken,&nbsp;Rukiye Kilic Ucgul,&nbsp;Taha Coban,&nbsp;Gulce Yazıcı,&nbsp;Halis Suleyman","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2227265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2227265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate possible preventive effect of ATP on optic nerve damage caused by amiodarone in rats.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Thirty albino male Wistar rats weighing between 265 and 278 g were used in the study. Before the experiment, the rats were housed at 22 °C in a 12-h light/dark cycle under appropriate condition. The rats were equally divided into five groups of six animals each: healthy group, 50 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-50), 100 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-100), 25 mg/kg ATP + 50 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-50), and 25 mg/kg ATP + 100 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-100). At the end of 14th day, the animals were sacrificed using cardiac puncture under deep thiopental anaesthesia, and optic nerve tissues were harvested to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the AMD-50 and ATAD-50 groups, and between the AMD-100 and ATAD-100 groups regarding MDA levels (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels were significantly lower in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). ATP was found to partially inhibit amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biochemical and histopathological results of this study demonstrated that amiodarone at high doses caused more severe optic neuropathy inducing oxidative damage, but ATP could relatively antagonise these negative effects on the optic nerve. Therefore, we believe that ATP may be beneficial in preventing amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10010958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cytological and functional effect of complement 3a on Human Scleral Fibroblasts. 补体3a对人巩膜成纤维细胞的细胞学和功能影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2226711
Kang Xiao, Ying Jie, Mingyue Luo, Qin Long

Purpose: The complement system is considered to play an important role in the progression of myopia, whereas the influence of complement activation on the human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) remains unknown. Hence, the effect of complement 3a (C3a) on HSFs was investigated in this study.

Methods: HSFs were cultured with exogenous C3a at 0.1 μM for various periods following different measurement protocols, and cells without C3a treatment served as negative control (NC). Cell viability was investigated using the MTS assay after 3 days of C3a treatment. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 5-Ethynyl-20-Deoxyuridine (EdU) assay following C3a stimulation for 24 hours. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining following C3a stimulation for 48 hours and the stained cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The levels of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were analysed using ELISA following C3a stimulation for 36 and 60 hours. The level of CD59 were analysed using western blot following C3a stimulation for 60 hours.

Results: The MTS assay revealed that cell viability was attenuated by 13% and 8% after C3a for 2 and 3 days, respectively (P < 0.05). The EdU assay demonstrated a 9% decrease in proliferation rate for the C3a-treated cells after 24 hours (P < 0.05). The apoptosis analysis revealed an increased percentage of cells in early apoptosis (P = 0.02) and total apoptosis (P = 0.02) in the C3a-treated group. Compared with NC group, the level of MMP-2 was increased by 17.6% (P = 0.002), whereas the levels of type I collagen and CD59 were respectively decreased by 12.5% (P = 0.024) and 21.6% (P = 0.044) with C3a treatment for 60 hours.

Conclusions: These results indicated that C3a-induced complement activation is potentially involved in inducing myopic-associated scleral extracellular matrix remodelling via mediating the proliferation and function of HSFs.

目的:补体系统被认为在近视的进展中起重要作用,而补体激活对人巩膜成纤维细胞(hsf)的影响尚不清楚。因此,本研究探讨补体3a (C3a)对hsf的影响。方法:采用外源C3a (0.1 μM)培养hsf,并按不同的测量方案培养不同时期的hsf,不加C3a处理的细胞作为阴性对照(NC)。C3a处理3天后,采用MTS法检测细胞活力。C3a刺激24小时后,用5-乙基-20-脱氧尿苷(EdU)测定细胞增殖情况。C3a刺激48小时后,采用Annexin v -异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)/碘化丙啶(PI)双染色法检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞术分析染色细胞凋亡情况。在C3a刺激36和60小时后,采用ELISA法分析I型胶原蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)水平。C3a刺激60小时后,用western blot分析CD59水平。结果:MTS检测显示,C3a处理组细胞活力下降13%,C3a处理组细胞凋亡率下降8% (P P P = 0.02), C3a处理组细胞总凋亡率下降8% (P P P = 0.02)。与NC组相比,C3a治疗60 h后MMP-2水平升高17.6% (P = 0.002), I型胶原和CD59水平分别下降12.5% (P = 0.024)和21.6% (P = 0.044)。结论:这些结果表明,c3a诱导的补体激活可能通过介导hsf的增殖和功能参与了近视相关巩膜细胞外基质的重塑。
{"title":"Cytological and functional effect of complement 3a on Human Scleral Fibroblasts.","authors":"Kang Xiao,&nbsp;Ying Jie,&nbsp;Mingyue Luo,&nbsp;Qin Long","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2226711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2226711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The complement system is considered to play an important role in the progression of myopia, whereas the influence of complement activation on the human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) remains unknown. Hence, the effect of complement 3a (C3a) on HSFs was investigated in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HSFs were cultured with exogenous C3a at 0.1 μM for various periods following different measurement protocols, and cells without C3a treatment served as negative control (NC). Cell viability was investigated using the MTS assay after 3 days of C3a treatment. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 5-Ethynyl-20-Deoxyuridine (EdU) assay following C3a stimulation for 24 hours. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining following C3a stimulation for 48 hours and the stained cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The levels of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were analysed using ELISA following C3a stimulation for 36 and 60 hours. The level of CD59 were analysed using western blot following C3a stimulation for 60 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MTS assay revealed that cell viability was attenuated by 13% and 8% after C3a for 2 and 3 days, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The EdU assay demonstrated a 9% decrease in proliferation rate for the C3a-treated cells after 24 hours (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The apoptosis analysis revealed an increased percentage of cells in early apoptosis (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and total apoptosis (<i>P</i> = 0.02) in the C3a-treated group. Compared with NC group, the level of MMP-2 was increased by 17.6% (<i>P</i> = 0.002), whereas the levels of type I collagen and CD59 were respectively decreased by 12.5% (<i>P</i> = 0.024) and 21.6% (<i>P</i> = 0.044) with C3a treatment for 60 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicated that C3a-induced complement activation is potentially involved in inducing myopic-associated scleral extracellular matrix remodelling via mediating the proliferation and function of HSFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10011413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and psychiatric adverse effects - a systematic review. 口服异维甲酸治疗青少年痤疮及精神不良反应的系统综述。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889
Tânia Fernandes, Sofia Magina

Purpose: Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne is isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid. Despite its high efficacy, this drug has been linked to several side effects including psychiatric adverse alterations, such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. With this systematic review we aim to determine if it is possible to establish a causal relation between oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and the appearance of psychiatric adverse effects.

Materials and methods: We searched two distinct databases, PubMed and Web of Science, and considered the work published between January 2000 and November 2021.

Results: Out of the 599 identified articles, we included 19 studies in this systematic review. Globally, the results we found do not support an association between the use of isotretinoin for acne treatment and mental side effects and the safety of this drug appears to be assured. However, the individual characteristics of each adolescent and their environment should be considered; the personal and family history of mental disorders are pointed out as red flags we should look out for when treating these patients.

Conclusion: Despite this being a highly debated topic, especially among the dermatology community, more studies with larger populations and randomised controlled trials are necessary to increase the strength of the evidence presented.

目的:寻常痤疮是一种非常普遍的皮肤病,特别是在青少年和25岁以下的年轻人中,将其归类为青少年痤疮。治疗严重痤疮最有效的方法之一是异维甲酸,它是维甲酸的衍生物。尽管这种药物疗效很高,但它也有一些副作用,包括精神上的不良改变,如焦虑、抑郁甚至自杀。通过这一系统综述,我们的目的是确定是否有可能在口服异维甲酸治疗青少年痤疮和出现精神不良反应之间建立因果关系。材料和方法:我们检索了两个不同的数据库,PubMed和Web of Science,并考虑了2000年1月至2021年11月之间发表的作品。结果:在599篇确定的文章中,我们纳入了19项研究。在全球范围内,我们发现的结果并不支持使用异维甲酸治疗痤疮与精神副作用之间的联系,而且这种药物的安全性似乎得到了保证。但是,应该考虑到每个青少年的个人特点及其环境;精神障碍的个人和家族史被指出是我们在治疗这些患者时应该注意的危险信号。结论:尽管这是一个备受争议的话题,特别是在皮肤学界,但需要更多的大规模研究和随机对照试验来增加证据的强度。
{"title":"Oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and psychiatric adverse effects - a systematic review.","authors":"Tânia Fernandes,&nbsp;Sofia Magina","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne is isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid. Despite its high efficacy, this drug has been linked to several side effects including psychiatric adverse alterations, such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. With this systematic review we aim to determine if it is possible to establish a causal relation between oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and the appearance of psychiatric adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We searched two distinct databases, PubMed and Web of Science, and considered the work published between January 2000 and November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 599 identified articles, we included 19 studies in this systematic review. Globally, the results we found do not support an association between the use of isotretinoin for acne treatment and mental side effects and the safety of this drug appears to be assured. However, the individual characteristics of each adolescent and their environment should be considered; the personal and family history of mental disorders are pointed out as red flags we should look out for when treating these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite this being a highly debated topic, especially among the dermatology community, more studies with larger populations and randomised controlled trials are necessary to increase the strength of the evidence presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the healthy retina. 高压氧治疗对健康视网膜的电生理影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2217250
Nur Demir, Belma Kayhan, Selin Gamze Sumen, Murat Sonmez, Nejla Tukenmez Dikmen

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on the retina after ten sessions in healthy eyes.

Methods: This prospective, interventional study evaluated forty eyes of twenty patients who were treated with HBOT of ten sessions with the diagnosis of an extraocular health problem. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including assessments of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp and pupil-dilated fundus examinations, full-field electroretinography (ffERG) measurements before and after HBOT within 24 h of the 10th session. The ffERG was recorded according to the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision protocol using the RETI-port system.

Results: The mean age of patients was 40.5 years ranging from 20 to 59 years. Thirteen patients were administered HBOT for avascular necrosis, six patients for sudden hearing loss, and one patient for chronic osteomyelitis of the vertebra. BCVA acuity was 20/20 in all eyes. The mean spherical refractive was 0.56 dioptre (D), and the mean cylindrical refractive error was 0.75 D. Dark-adapted b-wave amplitude in 3.0 ERG was the only variable for the b-wave that showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.017). The amplitude of the a-waves in dark-adapted 10.0 ERG and light-adapted 3.0 ERG reduced significantly (p = 0.024, p = 0.025). The amplitude of N 1-P 1 in light-adapted 30 Hz Flicker ERG also demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.011). Implicit times did not differ significantly in any of the ffERG data (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: HBOT caused the deterioration of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in ffERG after ten treatment sessions. The results showed that photoreceptors were adversely affected in the short term after HBOT treatment.

目的:观察健康眼高压氧治疗(HBOT) 10次后对视网膜电生理的影响。方法:这项前瞻性、介入性研究评估了20名诊断为眼外健康问题的患者的40只眼睛,这些患者接受了10次HBOT治疗。所有患者均接受了完整的眼科检查,包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)评估、裂隙灯和瞳孔扩张眼底检查、HBOT前后24小时内的全视野视网膜电图(ffERG)测量。ffERG按照国际临床视觉电生理学会使用rti -port系统记录。结果:患者平均年龄40.5岁,年龄范围20 ~ 59岁。13例缺血性坏死患者接受HBOT治疗,6例突发性听力损失患者接受HBOT治疗,1例椎体慢性骨髓炎患者接受HBOT治疗。双眼BCVA视力均为20/20。平均球面屈光度为0.56屈光度(D),平均圆柱屈光度为0.75 D。3.0 ERG的暗适应b波振幅是b波唯一有统计学意义下降的变量(p = 0.017)。暗适应10.0 ERG和光适应3.0 ERG的a波振幅显著降低(p = 0.024, p = 0.025)。光适应30 Hz闪烁ERG中n1 - p1的振幅也有统计学意义的降低(p = 0.011)。隐式时间在所有ffERG数据中无显著差异(p > 0.05)。结论:HBOT治疗10个疗程后,引起了ffERG a波和b波振幅的恶化。结果表明,HBOT处理后,短期内光感受器受到不良影响。
{"title":"Electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the healthy retina.","authors":"Nur Demir,&nbsp;Belma Kayhan,&nbsp;Selin Gamze Sumen,&nbsp;Murat Sonmez,&nbsp;Nejla Tukenmez Dikmen","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2217250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2217250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on the retina after ten sessions in healthy eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, interventional study evaluated forty eyes of twenty patients who were treated with HBOT of ten sessions with the diagnosis of an extraocular health problem. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including assessments of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp and pupil-dilated fundus examinations, full-field electroretinography (ffERG) measurements before and after HBOT within 24 h of the 10th session. The ffERG was recorded according to the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision protocol using the RETI-port system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 40.5 years ranging from 20 to 59 years. Thirteen patients were administered HBOT for avascular necrosis, six patients for sudden hearing loss, and one patient for chronic osteomyelitis of the vertebra. BCVA acuity was 20/20 in all eyes. The mean spherical refractive was 0.56 dioptre (D), and the mean cylindrical refractive error was 0.75 D. Dark-adapted b-wave amplitude in 3.0 ERG was the only variable for the b-wave that showed a statistically significant decrease (<i>p</i> = 0.017). The amplitude of the a-waves in dark-adapted 10.0 ERG and light-adapted 3.0 ERG reduced significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.024, <i>p</i> = 0.025). The amplitude of N 1-P 1 in light-adapted 30 Hz Flicker ERG also demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Implicit times did not differ significantly in any of the ffERG data (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HBOT caused the deterioration of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in ffERG after ten treatment sessions. The results showed that photoreceptors were adversely affected in the short term after HBOT treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9954250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tamoxifen related chorioretinal structural changes. 他莫昔芬相关的视网膜结构改变。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2220388
İnci Elif Erbahçeci Timur, Vehbi Açıkgöz, Nagihan Uğurlu, Bülent Yalçın, Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur, Mutlu Hızal, Halil Kara

Purpose: To evaluate the vascular structure of the choroid and each retinal layer in patients with breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy and compare them with healthy subjects.

Materials and methods: 124 eyes of 62 patients with breast cancer who were on tamoxifen therapy (group 1) and 80 eyes of 40 healthy controls (group 2) were included in this prospective cohort study. The structure of the choroid was evaluated using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and choroidal binarisation. Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) was performed to analyse the peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and each retinal layer thickness. A subgroup analysis was performed based on chemotherapy history in Group 1. All parameters were compared between Group 1 and the healthy controls and between the subgroups of Group 1.

Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness and temporal and nasal directions were increased in Group 1 when compared with Group 2 (p < 0.05, each comparison). Choroidal vascularity index was significantly decreased in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (63.15 ± 3.11% and 65.37 ± 4.63%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in each retinal layer, pRNFL thickness, and choroid structural parameters between the subgroups of Group 1.

Conclusions: Increased choroidal thickness may be the initial finding of subclinical tamoxifen-induced retinopathy. Patients with breast cancer undergoing tamoxifen therapy may be screened prior to tamoxifen therapy and followed during treatment by SD-OCT.

目的:评价乳腺癌患者接受他莫昔芬治疗后脉络膜及视网膜各层血管结构的变化,并与健康人进行比较。材料和方法:本前瞻性队列研究包括62例接受他莫昔芬治疗的乳腺癌患者124只眼(第一组)和40例健康对照者80只眼(第二组)。使用增强深度成像光谱域光学相干断层扫描(edii - oct)和脉络膜二值化来评估脉络膜的结构。采用光谱域OCT (SD-OCT)分析乳头周围神经纤维层厚度(pRNFL)和视网膜各层厚度。第一组根据化疗史进行亚组分析。比较1组与健康对照组及1组各亚组间各项指标。结果:与2组相比,1组患者中央凹下脉络膜厚度、颞部及鼻腔方向均增加(p p)。结论:脉络膜厚度增加可能是亚临床他莫昔芬所致视网膜病变的初步表现。接受他莫昔芬治疗的乳腺癌患者可以在他莫昔芬治疗前进行筛查,并在治疗期间进行SD-OCT随访。
{"title":"Tamoxifen related chorioretinal structural changes.","authors":"İnci Elif Erbahçeci Timur,&nbsp;Vehbi Açıkgöz,&nbsp;Nagihan Uğurlu,&nbsp;Bülent Yalçın,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur,&nbsp;Mutlu Hızal,&nbsp;Halil Kara","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2220388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2220388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the vascular structure of the choroid and each retinal layer in patients with breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy and compare them with healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>124 eyes of 62 patients with breast cancer who were on tamoxifen therapy (group 1) and 80 eyes of 40 healthy controls (group 2) were included in this prospective cohort study. The structure of the choroid was evaluated using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and choroidal binarisation. Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) was performed to analyse the peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and each retinal layer thickness. A subgroup analysis was performed based on chemotherapy history in Group 1. All parameters were compared between Group 1 and the healthy controls and between the subgroups of Group 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subfoveal choroidal thickness and temporal and nasal directions were increased in Group 1 when compared with Group 2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05, each comparison). Choroidal vascularity index was significantly decreased in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (63.15 ± 3.11% and 65.37 ± 4.63%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There were no significant differences in each retinal layer, pRNFL thickness, and choroid structural parameters between the subgroups of Group 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased choroidal thickness may be the initial finding of subclinical tamoxifen-induced retinopathy. Patients with breast cancer undergoing tamoxifen therapy may be screened prior to tamoxifen therapy and followed during treatment by SD-OCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
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