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Effect of smoking on corneal and lens clarity: a densitometric analysis. 吸烟对角膜和晶状体清晰度的影响:密度计分析。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2234023
Delil Özcan

Purpose: To assess the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on corneal and lens densitometry measurements using Pentacam HR and to compare the results obtained with those in non-smokers.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 40 chronic-smokers and 40 age-matched healthy non-smokers between 18-40 years. After general ophthalmic examination, the Pentacam HR imaging system was used to evaluate corneal and lens densitometry measurements of smokers and non-smokers.

Results: The mean corneal densitometry values were not statistically significantly different in all the concentric zones and layers in the eyes of the smokers and non-smokers (p > 0.05, for all). However, the mean values of zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and average lens densitometry measurements of the smokers were statistically significantly higher compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05, for all). Additionally, significant positive correlations were detected between the number of pack-years smoked and lens densitometry measurements.

Conclusion: Lens densitometry measurements of smokers were significantly increased while corneal densitometry measurements were not significantly altered compared to non-smokers. Smoking may contribute to cataractogenesis and smoking and age-related changes may act synergistically to cataract development among smokers.

目的:评估长期吸烟对Pentacam HR角膜和晶状体密度测量的影响,并将结果与非吸烟者的结果进行比较。材料和方法:这项横断面比较研究包括40名18-40岁的慢性吸烟者和40名年龄匹配的健康非吸烟者 年。在一般眼科检查后,使用Pentacam HR成像系统评估吸烟者和非吸烟者的角膜和晶状体密度测量。结果:吸烟者和非吸烟者眼睛所有同心区域和同心层的平均角膜密度测量值没有统计学上的显著差异(p > 0.05)。然而,吸烟者的1区、2区、3区的平均值和平均晶状体密度测量值在统计学上显著高于非吸烟者(p 结论:与非吸烟者相比,吸烟者的晶状体密度测量值显著增加,而角膜密度测量值没有显著改变。吸烟可能有助于白内障的发生,吸烟和与年龄相关的变化可能对吸烟者的白内障发展起协同作用。
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引用次数: 0
Topical application of sh-oligopeptide-1 and clinical trials with cosmetic preparations: risk or fraud? sh-oligopeptide-1的局部应用和化妆品制剂的临床试验:风险还是欺诈?
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2234020
Pedro A Martínez-Carpio

Background: sh-oligopeptide-1 is a cosmetic that is considered to be the bioequivalent of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF).

Objective: The systematic search and selection of the information available on sh-oligopeptide-1, and field research on laboratories manufacturing cosmetics and the legal regulation of their products.

Methods: Specialised search in Medline and Google Scholar (March 2023). A total of 22 references were obtained and 12 articles were selected for analysis, 7 of which were included in Medline. 9 articles correspond to clinical trials that use sh-oligopeptide-1 as equivalent to a functional recombinant human EGF (hr-EGF). The manufacturers are investigated and they are requested to provide scientific information.

Results: Using an inactive ingredient, clinical trials are published with favourable results in order to treat diabetics and cancer patients. These trials do not follow medical standards. Active EGF is not a cosmetic, rather it is a potent unauthorised drug. Likewise, sh-oligopeptide-1 is not a functional EGF, and it is not authorised for medical treatments. Topical hr-EGF is not authorised as a medication in any concentration, except for clinical trials. However, sh-EGF (sh-oligopeptide-1) is authorised as a cosmetic in several different concentrations for generalised use, with unknown long-term risks.

Conclusion: Clinical studies on sh-oligopeptide-1 have no scientific basis, as the preclinical bioactivity of this molecule has not been proven.

背景:sh-oligopeptide-1是一种被认为与表皮生长因子(EGF)具有生物等效性的化妆品。方法:在Medline和Google Scholar上进行专业搜索(2023年3月)。共获得22篇参考文献,选择12篇文章进行分析,其中7篇被纳入Medline。9篇文章对应于使用sh-oligopeptide-1作为功能性重组人EGF(hr-EGF)的等效物的临床试验。对制造商进行调查,并要求他们提供科学信息。结果:为了治疗糖尿病和癌症患者,使用非活性成分的临床试验结果良好。这些试验不符合医学标准。活性EGF不是一种化妆品,而是一种强效的未经授权的药物。同样,sh-oligopeptide-1不是一种功能性EGF,也未被授权用于医疗。除临床试验外,局部hr-EGF未被授权作为任何浓度的药物。然而,sh-EGF(sh-oligopeptide-1)被授权作为几种不同浓度的化妆品广泛使用,其长期风险未知。结论:由于该分子的临床前生物活性尚未得到证实,因此对其进行临床研究没有科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index in patients using combined oral contraceptive pills. 联合口服避孕药患者的脉络膜厚度和脉络膜血管指数的评估。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2235429
Mehmet Icoz, Sema Yuzbasioglu

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index (CVI) in healthy women using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCp).

Methods: This prospective study included 30 women using COCp (3 mg drospirenone/0.03 mg ethinylestradiol) for contraception for at least 1 year and 30 healthy women who did not use COCp. Intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) values of all participants were recorded. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and choroidal thickness at 1500 micron distance in nasal and temporal regions (NCT, TCT) were measured through optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Luminal, stromal and total choroidal area values were evaluated by binarization method. The ratio of the luminal choroidal area to the total choroidal area was determined as the CVI value.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in IOP and AL values between the two groups at no significant difference in age and BMI index (p > 0.05, for all). SCT, NCT and TCT values were no significant difference in the two groups (p > 0.05, for all). Luminal and stromal choroidal area values were found to be lower in the group using COCp (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 respectively). The CVI value was 62.1 ± 3.6% in the COCp group and 65.6 ± 4.3% in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of CVI value (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate CVI in women using COCp, and CVI was found to be lower in individuals using COCp. Therefore, CVI can be used in the follow-up of possible ocular pathologies that may develop in individuals using COCp.

目的:评价服用口服避孕药(COCp)的健康妇女的脉络膜厚度和脉络膜血管指数(CVI) 毫克屈螺酮/0.03 mg炔雌醇)用于避孕至少1 以及30名未使用COCp的健康女性。记录所有参与者的眼压(IOP)、眼轴长度(AL)和体重指数(BMI)值。通过光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像测量鼻腔和颞部1500微米距离处的中央凹下脉络膜厚度(SCT)和脉络膜厚度。通过二值化方法评估亮度、基质和脉络膜总面积值。腔脉络膜面积与总脉络膜面积的比率被确定为CVI值。结果:两组间IOP和AL值无统计学意义,年龄和BMI指数无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。SCT、NCT和TCT值两组比较无显著性差异(p > 0.05)。在使用COCp的组中,发现脉络膜腔和基质面积值较低(p = 0.01,p = 0.02)。CVI值为62.1 ± COCp组为3.6% ± 对照组4.3%。两组CVI值比较有显著性差异(p = 0.002)。结论:据我们所知,这是第一项使用COCp评估女性CVI的研究,并且发现使用COCp的个体CVI较低。因此,CVI可用于随访使用COCp的个体可能出现的眼部病理。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of baseline intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters on intraocular pressure after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. 玻璃体内注射贝伐单抗后基线眼压和眼前节参数对眼压的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2243505
Zeynep Özer Özcan, Gizem Gürbostan Soysal, Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu, Mustafa Berhuni

Purpose: We aimed to compare the predictive effect of pre-injection intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters on post-injection IOP values after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) in phakic and pseudophakic patient groups.

Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 65 eyes of 65 treatment-naive NVAMD patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to their lens status (35 phakic and 30 pseudophakic patients). Pre-injection IOP, anterior segment parameters measured with PENTACAM, and post-injection IOP values measured at the 5th minute were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to recognise the predictive effect of pre-injection IOP and anterior segment parameters on post-injection IOP for each group.

Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed that the decrease in anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the increase in pre-injection IOP were significantly correlated with higher post-injection IOP in the phakic patient group (p = 0.019 and 0.031; respectively). No correlation was found in the pseudophakic patient group.

Conclusion: Pre-injection ACD and IOP values may be predictive of higher post-injection IOP in phakic patients. Preoperative assessment of these parameters could be beneficial in patients at risk of glaucoma.

目的:我们旨在比较玻璃体内注射贝伐单抗治疗有晶状体和人工晶状体患者组的新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(NVAMD)后,注射前眼压(IOP)和眼前节参数对注射后IOP值的预测作用。材料和方法:这项回顾性横断面研究包括65名未接受治疗的NVAMD患者的65只眼。根据晶状体状态将患者分为两组(35名有晶状体眼患者和30名人工晶状体眼患者)。记录注射前IOP、用PENTACAM测量的前段参数和在第5分钟测量的注射后IOP值。使用单变量和多变量回归分析来识别各组注射前眼压和眼前节参数对注射后眼压的预测作用。结果:多因素回归分析显示,有晶状体眼患者组前房深度(ACD)的降低和注射前眼压的升高与注射后眼压的升高显著相关(p = 0.019和0.031;分别)。在人工晶状体眼患者组中未发现相关性。结论:有晶状体眼患者注射前ACD和IOP值可预测注射后IOP升高。这些参数的术前评估可能对有青光眼风险的患者有益。
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引用次数: 0
Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency. 是时候将气候和自然危机视为一个不可分割的全球卫生紧急事件了。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2276593
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Gregory E Erhabor, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
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引用次数: 0
Effects of fluorescein on corneal endothelial morphology after fundus fluorescein angiography in patients with diabetic macular edema. 荧光素对糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者眼底荧光素血管造影后角膜内皮形态的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2215346
Utku Limon, Işılay Özsoy Saygın, Tuğba Aydoğan Gezginaslan, Erdinç Bozkurt, Sinan Bulut, Betül Ilkay Sezgin Akçay

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of fluorescein dye on corneal endothelial morphology (CEM) after fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients were divided into two groups, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-1, NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-2, PDR). CEM properties including endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), average cell area (AVG), percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured before FFA and at week 1 and month 1 after FFA were collected from patients' charts.

Results: The study consisted of 48 patient's 48 eyes in Group-1 and 50 patient's 50 eyes in Group-2. In both groups, the mean ECD, CV, AVG, HEX, and CCT measurements at week 1 and month 1 after FFA did not differ statistically from the mean measurements before FFA (p > 0.05). The mean ECD measurements in Group-1 were higher than that in Group-2 and showed statistically significant differences among the groups (p < 0.01 for all). In the Pearson correlation analysis in Group-1, there was no statistically significant relationship between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and (intraocular pressure) IOP values and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements (except central macular thickness [CMT] and HEX) before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (p > 0.05). In Group-2 there was no statistically significant relationship between BCVA, IOP, and CMT measurements and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: There is no significant change in CEM after FFA in patients with NPDR and PDR with DME.

目的:探讨荧光素对糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)患者眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)后角膜内皮形态(CEM)的影响。方法:将患者分为非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(1组,NPDR)和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(2组,PDR)两组。CEM特性包括内皮细胞密度(ECD)、细胞面积变异系数(CV)、平均细胞面积(AVG)、六边形细胞百分比(HEX)和角膜中央厚度(CCT)在FFA前和FFA后第1周和第1个月从患者的图表中收集。结果:1组48例48眼,2组50例50眼。两组患者FFA后第1周和第1个月的平均ECD、CV、AVG、HEX和CCT测量值与FFA前的平均值无统计学差异(p > 0.05)。组1平均ECD值高于组2,组间差异有统计学意义(p p > 0.05)。第2组患者FFA前、FFA后第1周、第1个月的BCVA、IOP、CMT与ECD、AVG、CV、HEX、CCT无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。结论:NPDR和PDR合并DME患者FFA后CEM无明显变化。
{"title":"Effects of fluorescein on corneal endothelial morphology after fundus fluorescein angiography in patients with diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Utku Limon,&nbsp;Işılay Özsoy Saygın,&nbsp;Tuğba Aydoğan Gezginaslan,&nbsp;Erdinç Bozkurt,&nbsp;Sinan Bulut,&nbsp;Betül Ilkay Sezgin Akçay","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2215346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2215346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of fluorescein dye on corneal endothelial morphology (CEM) after fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, patients were divided into two groups, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-1, NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-2, PDR). CEM properties including endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), average cell area (AVG), percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured before FFA and at week 1 and month 1 after FFA were collected from patients' charts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study consisted of 48 patient's 48 eyes in Group-1 and 50 patient's 50 eyes in Group-2. In both groups, the mean ECD, CV, AVG, HEX, and CCT measurements at week 1 and month 1 after FFA did not differ statistically from the mean measurements before FFA (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The mean ECD measurements in Group-1 were higher than that in Group-2 and showed statistically significant differences among the groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for all). In the Pearson correlation analysis in Group-1, there was no statistically significant relationship between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and (intraocular pressure) IOP values and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements (except central macular thickness [CMT] and HEX) before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In Group-2 there was no statistically significant relationship between BCVA, IOP, and CMT measurements and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no significant change in CEM after FFA in patients with NPDR and PDR with DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"42 3","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toxicity of simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injection of voriconazole on corneal endothelium in a rabbit model. 同时眼内和眼内注射伏立康唑对兔角膜内皮的毒性作用。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2226714
Ji Young Moon, Wool Suh, Roo Min Jun, Kyung Eun Han

Purpose: To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model.

Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits (six eyes per group) were divided into 6 groups according to the concentration of voriconazole (Group A, 0%; Group B, 0.05%; Group C, 0.1%; Group D, 0.25%; Group E, 0.5%; Group F, 1%). A combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections were administrated to the eyes of each group three times on days 0, 3, and 7. Corneal clouding grades and central corneal thickness (CCT) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The endothelial cell counts (ECC) were measured on days 0 and 14. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on day 14.

Results: Group F (1%) showed more severe corneal clouding than the other groups (Groups A-E) from day 7 (p < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in CCT and ECC among the six groups at any time point (p > 0.05, respectively). SEM revealed blurring of the cell border and loss of microvilli at concentrations ≥0.25% (Groups D-F). TEM revealed microstructural changes in endothelial cells at concentrations ≥0.1% (Groups C-F), and multiple vacuoles were observed at a concentration of 1% voriconazole (Group F).

Conclusions: Repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections at a concentration of 0.1% or higher induced microstructural endothelial damage in rabbit corneal endothelial cells.

目的:观察伏立康唑反复同时注射对兔角膜内皮细胞的毒性。方法:36只新西兰大白兔18只,每组6只,按伏立康唑浓度分为6组(A组,0%;B组,0.05%;C组,0.1%;D组,0.25%;E组,0.5%;F组,1%)。各组分别于第0、3、7天眼内联合注射伏立康唑3次。分别于第0、3、7、10、14天检测角膜混浊等级和角膜中央厚度(CCT)。分别于第0、14天测定内皮细胞计数(ECC)。第14天进行扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)检查。结果:从第7天开始,F组(1%)的角膜混浊程度明显高于其他各组(A-E组)(p < 0.05)。扫描电镜显示浓度≥0.25%时细胞边界模糊,微绒毛缺失(D-F组)。电镜显示,浓度≥0.1% (C-F组)时内皮细胞微结构发生改变,1%伏立康唑(F组)时内皮细胞出现多个空泡。结论:0.1%及以上浓度的伏立康唑反复同时注射可诱导兔角膜内皮细胞微结构内皮损伤。
{"title":"Toxicity of simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injection of voriconazole on corneal endothelium in a rabbit model.","authors":"Ji Young Moon,&nbsp;Wool Suh,&nbsp;Roo Min Jun,&nbsp;Kyung Eun Han","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2226714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2226714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits (six eyes per group) were divided into 6 groups according to the concentration of voriconazole (Group A, 0%; Group B, 0.05%; Group C, 0.1%; Group D, 0.25%; Group E, 0.5%; Group F, 1%). A combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections were administrated to the eyes of each group three times on days 0, 3, and 7. Corneal clouding grades and central corneal thickness (CCT) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The endothelial cell counts (ECC) were measured on days 0 and 14. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on day 14.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group F (1%) showed more severe corneal clouding than the other groups (Groups A-E) from day 7 (<i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in CCT and ECC among the six groups at any time point (<i>p</i> > 0.05, respectively). SEM revealed blurring of the cell border and loss of microvilli at concentrations ≥0.25% (Groups D-F). TEM revealed microstructural changes in endothelial cells at concentrations ≥0.1% (Groups C-F), and multiple vacuoles were observed at a concentration of 1% voriconazole (Group F).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections at a concentration of 0.1% or higher induced microstructural endothelial damage in rabbit corneal endothelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"42 3","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10011428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short time effect of sodium fluorescein on chorodial vascularity index. 荧光素钠对脉络膜血管指数的短期影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227894
Selim Cevher, Mehmet Barış Üçer, Mustafa Duran

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium fluorescein on the choroidal vascularity index (CVI).

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 27 eyes of 27 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (without maculopathy and any systemic disease) who performed fluorescein angiography (FA) procedure were included. Choroidal parameters such as choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), LA/SA, and CVI were examined with the optical coherence tomography and binarization technique at baseline and 5th, 15th, and 30th minutes after FA. The values of the parameters before and after the procedure were compared.

Results: At baseline, the mean values of the TCA, LA, SA, LA/SA, and CVI were 0.44 ± 0.14mm2, 0.29 ± 0.09 mm2, 0.15 ± 0.05 mm2, 1.87 ± 0.19. Five minutes later to FA, the mean values of the TCA, LA, SA, LA/SA, and CVI were 0.43 ± 0.13 mm2, 0.28 ± 0.08 mm2, 0.15 ± 0.05 mm2, 1.82 ± 0.20, and 0.64 ± 0.03, respectively. There was a significant decrease in LA and CVI values 5 minutes after FA (p:0.002 and p:0.021, respectively). On the other hand, the mean, nasal, subfoveal, and temporal CT were 279.22 ± 93.40 μm, 289.78 ± 91.17 μm, 267.44 ± 95.71 μm before FA and 270.33 ± 90.34 μm, 279.67 ± 90.01 μm, 261.82 ± 95.82 μm 5 minutes after FA (p = 0.960, p = 0.952, and p = 0.991, respectively). Although there was a reduction in the value of CT, there was not a statistically significant difference between before and after FA.

Conclusions: This study shows that there was a significant decrease in LA and CVI values 5 minutes after FA in patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

目的:探讨荧光素钠对脉络膜血管指数(CVI)的影响。材料和方法:在这项横断面研究中,27例轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(无黄斑病变和任何系统性疾病)患者进行荧光素血管造影(FA)手术,共27只眼。应用光学相干层析成像及二值化技术分别于基线及术后第5、15、30分钟检测脉络膜厚度(CT)、总脉络膜面积(TCA)、管腔面积(LA)、基质面积(SA)、LA/SA、CVI等脉络膜参数。比较了手术前后各参数的取值。结果:基线时TCA、LA、SA、LA/SA、CVI平均值分别为0.44±0.14mm2、0.29±0.09 mm2、0.15±0.05 mm2、1.87±0.19。FA后5 min, TCA、LA、SA、LA/SA、CVI平均值分别为0.43±0.13 mm2、0.28±0.08 mm2、0.15±0.05 mm2、1.82±0.20、0.64±0.03。FA后5 min LA和CVI值显著降低(p:0.002和p:0.021)。FA前鼻部、中央凹下、颞部CT平均为279.22±93.40 μm、289.78±91.17 μm、267.44±95.71 μm, FA后5 min分别为270.33±90.34 μm、279.67±90.01 μm、261.82±95.82 μm (p = 0.960、p = 0.952、p = 0.991)。虽然CT值有所降低,但FA前后的差异无统计学意义。结论:本研究显示,轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者FA后5分钟LA和CVI值显著下降。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological evaluation of a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation upon dermal application using animal models. 一种非致死性防暴组合制剂在动物模型皮肤应用上的毒理学评价。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2220393
Sanghita Das, Achintya Saha, Amartya Banerjee, Danswrang Goyary, Sanjeev Karmakar, Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Numerous adverse effects on human health have been reported in epidemiological studies of oleoresin capsicum (OC) and other riot control agents (RCAs). Importantly, the daunting risk of such RCAs can be neutralized by optimizing the desired concentration of such agents for mob dispersal. Hence, a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) was prepared for dispersing rioters without imparting fatal outcomes. However, for desired utilization of NCF, it is essential to recognize its extent of potential toxicity. Therefore, the current investigation evaluated the dermal toxicity of NCF using experimental animals in compliance with the OECD guidelines. Additionally, few essential metal ions were analyzed and found non -significantly different in the test rats as compared to control rats. Moreover, abnormal dermal morphology and lesions ultrastructural tissue defects were not noticed as evinced by different studies like ultrasonography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Further, Doppler ultrasonography exhibited non-significantly different blood flow velocity in both groups, whereas miles test demonstrated a significantly increased Evans blue concentration in test rats compared to the control rats, which might be due to an initial increase in blood flow via an instant action of the NCF at the cutaneous sensory nerve endings. However, our results demonstrated NCF can produce initial skin irritating and sensitizing effects in guinea pigs and rabbits without the antecedence of acute toxicity (≤2000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats.

在流行病学研究中,已经报告了油树脂辣椒(OC)和其他防暴剂(RCAs)对人类健康的许多不利影响。重要的是,这种rca的令人生畏的风险可以通过优化这种药物的理想浓度来消除。因此,制备了一种非致命的防暴控制组合制剂(NCF),用于驱散暴徒而不造成致命后果。然而,为了理想地利用NCF,必须认识到其潜在毒性的程度。因此,目前的研究根据经合组织的指导方针,使用实验动物评估了NCF的皮肤毒性。此外,对一些必需金属离子进行了分析,发现实验组大鼠与对照组大鼠无显著差异。超声检查、组织学检查、扫描电镜检查均未发现皮肤形态异常和病变超微结构组织缺损。此外,多普勒超声显示两组的血流速度无显著差异,而英里试验显示,与对照大鼠相比,实验组大鼠的埃文斯蓝浓度显著增加,这可能是由于NCF在皮肤感觉神经末梢的即时作用导致血流初始增加。然而,我们的研究结果表明,NCF可以在豚鼠和家兔中产生初始的皮肤刺激和致敏作用,而不会在Wistar大鼠中产生急性毒性(≤2000 mg/kg)。
{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation upon dermal application using animal models.","authors":"Sanghita Das,&nbsp;Achintya Saha,&nbsp;Amartya Banerjee,&nbsp;Danswrang Goyary,&nbsp;Sanjeev Karmakar,&nbsp;Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi,&nbsp;Pronobesh Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2220393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2220393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous adverse effects on human health have been reported in epidemiological studies of oleoresin capsicum (OC) and other riot control agents (RCAs). Importantly, the daunting risk of such RCAs can be neutralized by optimizing the desired concentration of such agents for mob dispersal. Hence, a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) was prepared for dispersing rioters without imparting fatal outcomes. However, for desired utilization of NCF, it is essential to recognize its extent of potential toxicity. Therefore, the current investigation evaluated the dermal toxicity of NCF using experimental animals in compliance with the OECD guidelines. Additionally, few essential metal ions were analyzed and found non -significantly different in the test rats as compared to control rats. Moreover, abnormal dermal morphology and lesions ultrastructural tissue defects were not noticed as evinced by different studies like ultrasonography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Further, Doppler ultrasonography exhibited non-significantly different blood flow velocity in both groups, whereas miles test demonstrated a significantly increased Evans blue concentration in test rats compared to the control rats, which might be due to an initial increase in blood flow via an instant action of the NCF at the cutaneous sensory nerve endings. However, our results demonstrated NCF can produce initial skin irritating and sensitizing effects in guinea pigs and rabbits without the antecedence of acute toxicity (≤2000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"42 3","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to in-vivo animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining. 研究皮肤接触活体动物模型对天花花叶毛衬里粉末配方抗暴性能的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227255
Trishna Mani Nath, Sanghita Das, Zothanpuia, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Purpose: Riot control agents (RCAs) such as CS, CN, CR, PAVA, and OC, etc., are already in use and has produced numerous health risks, including skin burns, dermatitis, gastrointestinal issues, impairment of respiratory variables, conjunctivitis, etc., and even prolonged and repeated exposure may cause death. Therefore, there is a demand and need for non-lethal, non-toxic RCAs that can effectively control riots without resulting in fatal outcomes. This study was carried out to evaluate the health risks related to a novel formulation made from isolated Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining, that can be used as the best suitable non-lethal RCAs.Methods: According to the OECD guidelines, studies on acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitisation were carried out. Wistar rats were used in an acute dermal toxicity study, and the results indicated no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal food-and-water intake, biochemical parameters, or histopathological examination findings. A study on dermal irritation in Rabbits produced moderate erythema and the effect was instantaneous and resolved within 72 hrs of post-exposure. A skin sensitisation test was conducted on Guinea pig.Results: The results showed that the formulation had moderate skin-sensitizing properties after the application of the challenge dose. Patchy erythema was seen, and it went away 30 hrs after the gauze patch was removed.Conclusion: The preclinical results did not produce any indication of severe toxicity which supports it to be used as a natural RCAs in the future.

目的:CS、CN、CR、PAVA和OC等防暴剂(RCAs)已经在使用,并产生了许多健康风险,包括皮肤烧伤、皮炎、胃肠道问题、呼吸变量损害、结膜炎等,甚至长期和反复接触可能导致死亡。因此,对非致命、无毒的可有效控制骚乱而不造成致命后果的rca有需求和需要。本研究旨在评价一种新型配方的健康风险,该配方可作为最合适的非致死性RCAs。方法:根据OECD指南,进行急性皮肤毒性、皮肤刺激/腐蚀和皮肤致敏研究。Wistar大鼠被用于急性皮肤毒性研究,结果显示没有死亡、发病率、食物和水摄入异常、生化参数或组织病理学检查结果。一项对家兔皮肤刺激的研究产生了中度红斑,效果是即时的,并在暴露后72小时内消退。对豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验。结果:攻毒剂量后,该制剂具有中等致敏性。出现斑片状红斑,取下纱布贴片30小时后消失。结论:临床前研究结果未显示出严重毒性,支持其在未来作为天然RCAs使用。
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引用次数: 1
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Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
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